Attack on Sydney Harbour

2759:. For the cremation, the Allies draped the Japanese flag over each coffin and rendered full naval honours. Muirhead-Gould was criticised for this, but defended his actions as respecting the courage of the four submariners, regardless of their origin. Australian politicians also hoped that the Japanese Government would notice the respect paid to the sailors and improve the conditions Australian prisoners-of-war were experiencing in Japanese internment camps. Japanese authorities noted the funeral service, but this did not lead to any major improvement in conditions for Australian POWs. Following the use of the midget submariners' funeral by the Japanese for propaganda purposes, the Australian High Command forbade similar funerals for enemy personnel in the future. 3005: 2883: 166: 2895: 1041: 2293: 216: 2301: 154: 1734:—was the first to enter Sydney Harbour. The Middle Head – South Head loop detected it at 20:01, but dismissed the reading due to heavy civilian traffic. At 20:15, a Maritime Services Board watchman spotted the midget after it passed through the western gap, collided with the Pile Light, then reversed and trapped its stern in the net. The submarine's bow broke the surface; the watchman rowed toward it to determine what it was and then rowed to the nearby patrol boat 1229: 2582: 178: 190: 1942: 202: 1387:

completion of the boom net prior to the attack. On the day of the attack, the six outer indicator loops were inactive; two were not functioning and there were not enough trained personnel to man both the inner and outer loop monitoring stations. The North Head – South Head indicator loop had been giving faulty signals since early 1940, and as civilian traffic regularly passed over the loop, readings were often ignored.

2672: 2023: 3040:. A second theory was that the midget attempted to return to the mother submarines but exhausted its battery power before reaching the Port Hacking recovery point and would therefore be outside and to the south of Sydney Heads. The third theory was that the midget's crew decided to avoid endangering the five larger submarines during the recovery process, and either ran straight out to sea or headed north. 3155: 56: 2925: 1459: 2597: 2467: 2409:

successful as the five large Japanese submarines sank only three merchant ships and caused minimal property damage during the two bombardments. The performance of the Allied defenders was equally poor. However, one historian states that the lack of damage in Sydney Harbour was due to "a combination of good luck and aggressive counter-attack".

1489:. The navy hoped that upgrades to the submarines, intensified crew training, and the selection of a less well defended target would lead to better results and an increased chance of the crews of the midgets to return alive from their mission. Therefore, on 16 December 1941, the navy initiated plans for a second midget submarine operation. 2514:. In Muirhead-Gould's preliminary report on the attack, he stated that the Port War Signal Station was not designed for the volume of communications traffic the attack caused. Telephone communications with Garden Island were unreliable during the early part of the attack, and then the first torpedo explosion disabled them completely. 2640:, the latter had spent some time preparing to depart from Sydney Harbour, and although still moored and stationary, was producing large volumes of white smoke as the boilers warmed up. This smoke, streaming aft under the influence of the wind, and contrasting against the dark, low-lying cloud, may have given the impression that 3079:

on 1 December 2006 as a heritage site. A 500 m (1,600 ft) exclusion zone was established around the wreck site, and any vessel entering the zone is liable to a fine under New South Wales law of up to A$ 1.1 million, with additional fines and confiscation of equipment under Commonwealth

2517:

The need to keep information secret may also have contributed to the delays and the defenders' scepticism. As the auxiliary patrol boat crews, the indicator loop staff, and other personnel manning defensive positions would have been outside 'need to know' and would not have been informed about any of

2408:

The attack on Sydney Harbour ended in failure on both sides, and revealed flaws in both the Allied defences and the Japanese tactics. During the primary attack, the Japanese lost all three midget submarines in exchange for the sinking of a single barracks ship. The subsequent operations were no more

1699:

The choice of targets was left up to the midget commanders, with advice that they should primarily target aircraft carriers or battleships, with cruisers as secondary targets. The midgets were to operate to the east of the Harbour Bridge, although if no suitable targets were to be found in this area

2542:

Moreover, the failures at Sydney Harbour and Diego Suarez demonstrated that the improvements to the midget submarines made after Pearl Harbor had not increased the overall impact of the midget program. The modifications had various effects. The ability to man and deploy the midgets while the mother

1500:

in the North Pacific, with the Japanese hoping to convince the Allies that they intended to attack to the south or west of their conquests. Eleven submarines of the 8th Submarine Squadron were to carry out the two attacks, the five submarines of the Western Attack Group in the Indian Ocean, and the

2546:

Beyond the use of the unreliable midgets, historians have identified areas in the plan of attack where the Japanese could have done significantly more damage. If the Japanese midget submarines had conducted a simultaneous, co-ordinated attack, they would have overwhelmed the defences. A chance for

1023:

during World War II, and are the only occasion in history when either city has come under attack. The physical effects were slight: the Japanese had intended to destroy several major warships, but sank only an unarmed depot ship and failed to damage any significant targets during the bombardments.

1015:

Immediately following the raid, the five Japanese fleet submarines that carried the midget submarines to Australia embarked on a campaign to disrupt merchant shipping in eastern Australian waters. Over the next month, the submarines attacked at least seven merchant vessels, sinking three ships and

2944:

on 8 June. Although both were damaged during the attack, it was possible to assemble a complete submarine from the two vessels. The centre section of the rebuilt submarine was mounted on a trailer and taken on a 4,000 km (2,500 mi) tour throughout southern New South Wales, Victoria, and

2691:

shells, intended for use against steel ship hulls, the relatively softer brick walls may have failed to trigger the impact fuses. Sea water may have degraded the shells, which the Japanese had stored in deck lockers for several weeks. The age of the shells may also have been a factor; some of the

2454:

indicated that a submarine or submarines were approaching Sydney. The Allies considered dispatching an anti-submarine patrol in response to the 29 May fix, but were unable to do so as all anti-submarine craft were already committed to protecting a northbound troop convoy. The only response to the

1786:

Muirhead-Gould gave the general alarm, along with orders for ships to take anti-submarine measures, at 22:27; the alarm was repeated at 22:36 with advice for ships to take precautions against attack, as an enemy submarine might be in the harbour. At the time of the first alarm, Sydney Harbour was

2509:

in the boom net and Muirhead-Gould's first order for ships to commence anti-submarine actions. It took another two hours to mobilise the auxiliary patrol boats, which did not leave their anchorage for a further hour. Part of these delays was due to a lack of effective communications. None of the

1695:

The Japanese planned to launch the midgets one after the other between 17:20 and 17:40, from points 5–7 nmi (5.8–8.1 mi; 9.3–13.0 km) outside Sydney Harbour. The first midget was to pass through the Heads just after 18:30, but heavy seas delayed her by over an hour. The other two

2683:

The bombardments failed to cause significant physical damage, but had a major psychological impact on the residents of Sydney and Newcastle. Due to the inaccuracy of the submarines' range-finding equipment, coupled with the unstable firing platform of a submarine at sea, specific targeting was

1963:

at about midnight and indicated to her crew that he did not take the reports of enemy submarines seriously, reportedly saying: "What are you all playing at, running up and down the harbour dropping depth charges and talking about enemy subs in the harbour? There's not one to be seen." The crew

1386:

between George's Head on Middle Head and Laing Point (formerly known as Green Point) on Inner South Head. The central section of the net was complete and support piles were in place to the west, but 400 m (1,300 ft) wide gaps remained on either side. Material shortages prevented the

2263:

on 12 June. The first two attacks resulted in 12 and 37 fatalities respectively, though the third attack killed no one. The attacks forced the authorities to institute changes in merchant traffic; travel north of Melbourne was restricted until a system of escorted convoys was established.

2894: 4058: 1971:

fired the first of its two torpedoes; it delayed firing the second torpedo for several minutes as the midget submarines would lose longitudinal stability immediately after firing a torpedo. Historians are divided as to the exact paths of the torpedoes relative to

1665:

s floatplane, piloted by Ito Susumu, performed a final reconnaissance flight over Sydney Harbour, with the mission of mapping the locations of the major vessels and of the anti-submarine net. Multiple observers spotted the floatplane but assumed it was a US Navy

2034:

A crossing over the indicator loop that was recorded at 01:58 was initially believed to be another midget submarine entering the harbour, although later analysis showed that the reading indicated an outbound vessel and therefore most likely represented

3023:

after the attacks, more than 50 people approached the Royal Australian Navy claiming to have found the submarine. All of these claims were found to be false. One early theory about the midget's fate was that it was damaged or destroyed, along with

2437:

The Allies failed to respond adequately to several warnings of Japanese activity off the east coast of Australia prior to the attack; they simply ignored the warnings or explained them away. They attributed the unsuccessful attack on the freighter

1621:

detected the flight, but authorities dismissed its report as a glitch, as there were no Allied aircraft operating over Sydney. The aircraft was damaged or destroyed on landing, although its two crew survived. They reported the presence of several

3043:

A group of seven amateur scuba divers solved the mystery in November 2006, when they found a small submarine sitting upright on the seabed, 55 metres (180 ft) below sea level and approximately 5 kilometres (2.7 nmi; 3.1 mi) from

2477:

Historians have questioned the competence of the senior Allied officers. Muirhead-Gould had been hosting a dinner party on the night of the attack, and one of the main guests was the senior United States Navy officer in Sydney Harbour, Captain

2961:. The submarine was originally displayed outside the museum in three separate pieces, but was moved inside in the 1980s due to heavy vandalism; on one occasion in 1966, a group of university students painted it bright yellow in response to 2945:

western South Australia. The purpose of the tour was twofold; it allowed Australians to see a Japanese midget submarine up close, and was used to raise A£28,000 for the Naval Relief Fund and other charities. The submarine arrived at the

2711:

The papers did not publish news of the submarine attack until 2 June, as most of the attack occurred after the newspapers went to press on the morning of 1 June. Instead, on the morning after the attack, the front pages carried news of

1686:

or the floatplane. Therefore, the reconnaissance flight did not result in the authorities in Sydney taking any special defence measures. The floatplane was seriously damaged on landing and had to be scuttled, but both aircrew survived.

2348:

to prevent successful retaliation by coastal artillery batteries. Only one shell detonated, and the only injuries inflicted were cuts and fractures from falling bricks or broken glass when the unexploded shells hit buildings. A

1933:

attempted to ram the submarine, lost contact, regained contact at 23:03, and fired a full pattern of six depth charges. At the time of the attack, it was assumed that the depth charges had destroyed or disabled the midget, but

2724:. The Federal Censor ordered total censorship of the events, issuing an official statement on the afternoon of 1 June which reported that the Allies had destroyed three submarines in Sydney Harbour, and described the loss of 1787:

closed to external traffic, but Muirhead-Gould ordered ferries and other internal traffic to continue, as he believed that having multiple ships travelling around at speed would help force any submarines to remain submerged.

1534:

The four potential targets for the Eastern Attack Group were Nouméa, Suva, Auckland and Sydney. Identified by reconnaissance flights conducted by Warrant Flying Officer Nobuo Fujita of the Imperial Japanese Navy flying from

2014:

sailors, and wounded another 10. The explosion shook residences in the area and damaged Garden Island's lights and telecommunications. The other torpedo ran aground on the eastern shore of Garden Island without exploding.

848: 993:

their submarine, whilst M-21 was successfully attacked and sunk. The crew of M-21 killed themselves. These submarines were later recovered by the Allies. The third submarine attempted to torpedo the heavy cruiser

1964:

reiterated that a submarine had been seen, but Muirhead-Gould remained unconvinced and before he left, added sarcastically: "If you see another sub, see if the captain has a black beard. I'd like to meet him."

2543:

ships were submerged prevented the Army coastal radars from detecting the mother submarines. However, the midgets were still difficult to control, unstable, and prone to surfacing or diving uncontrollably.

2526:

The main flaw in the Japanese plans was the use of midget submarines for the primary attack. Midget submarines were originally intended to operate during fleet actions: they would be released from modified

2391:

steelworks in the city. However, the shells landed over a large area, causing minimal damage and no fatalities: the only shell to detonate damaged a house on Parnell Place, while an unexploded shell hit a

2135:

continued the attack, dropping seventeen depth charges on believed visual sightings and instrument contacts of the midget over the next three and a half hours. At some point during the night, the crew of

2510:

auxiliary patrol craft in the harbour had radio communications, so all instructions and reports came from signal lights via the Port War Signal Station or Garden Island, or by physical communication via

3142:

wreck for a short period of time. Divers would enter a ballot for places on controlled dives run on several days. If successful, opening the site would become an annual event to commemorate the attack.

2412:

The main impact of the midget submarine attack and subsequent operations was psychological; dispelling any belief that Sydney was immune to Japanese attack and highlighting Australia's proximity to the

2194:

with finding the source of the communications. They were unsuccessful. On 3 June, Sasaki abandoned hope of recovering the midget submarines, and the submarines dispersed on their secondary missions.

1700:

they were to move under the Bridge and attack a battleship and large cruiser believed to be in the inner harbour. When the second reconnaissance flyover revealed that the expected British battleship—

2535:-supported aerial combat. As a result, the midget program's focus changed to the infiltration of enemy harbours, where they would attack vessels at anchor. This concept failed completely during the 1771:

s commander requested permission from Sydney Naval Headquarters to open fire. The depth charges failed to detonate, as the water was too shallow for the hydrostatic fuse setting. At 22:35, while

2745:

could all be recovered. On 3 June, Muirhead-Gould and over 200 Navy personnel attended a burial ceremony for these sailors. On 1 January 1943, the Navy base at Garden Island was commissioned as

1025: 1718:. Four of the mother submarines would be waiting in an east–west line 16 km (8.6 nmi; 9.9 mi) long, with the fifth waiting 6 km (3.2 nmi; 3.7 mi) further south. 2882: 2703:

rose significantly. The attack also led to a significant increase in the membership of volunteer defence organisations, and strengthening of defences in Sydney Harbour and Port Newcastle.

1587:

escaped with minimal damage, shipping between Sydney and Newcastle was halted for 24 hours while aircraft and all available anti-submarine ships from Sydney, including Dutch light cruiser

1216:

was forced to return a day later when an explosion in her midget submarine's battery compartment killed the midget's navigator and injured the commander. The midget submarine intended for

841: 2498:

provided similar descriptions of Bode's return on board, and members of both crews later claimed that Muirhead-Gould and Bode were intoxicated. It was only after the destruction of HMAS

2539:, where the midgets had no effect, and tying up 11 large submarines for six weeks in support of further midget submarine attacks on Sydney and Diego Suarez proved a waste of resources. 4673: 740: 300:

Secondary operations saw 3 Allied merchant vessels sunk, and 50 personnel killed (including a pilot who crashed his aircraft while responding to an attack), with no Japanese losses

1626:, including two battleships or large cruisers, five other large warships, several minor war vessels and patrol boats, and prolific merchant shipping. The report, which the Allied 2531:

to run amok through the enemy fleet. This concept went out of favour as changing Japanese naval thinking and experience led to recognition that naval warfare would centre around

2575:

recovery position, and although Sasaki's plan at Pearl Harbor had been to leave some submarines at the harbour mouth to pick off fleeing vessels, he did not repeat this tactic.

2494:

s crew later recounted that when Muirhead-Gould came aboard he immediately chastised the patrol boat's skipper and crew, and quickly dismissed their report. Junior officers on

834: 4708: 3201:

As this midget submarine was the only one not recovered, its specific designation is unknown, and is referred to differently in the various sources. Gill refers to it as

2972:

The composite submarine was restored and remains on display inside the Memorial as part of a permanent exhibition on the attack, next to the recovered wheelhouse of HMAS

2442:

on 16 May to a single submarine, and assumed it had departed Australian waters immediately after the attack. The first reconnaissance flight went unnoticed, and although

3173: 3138:

In May 2012, the NSW state government announced that, with the approval of the Japanese government and the submariners' families, divers would be allowed to observe the

327: 1856:

to begin an anti-submarine screening patrol around the cruiser, orders that were revoked by the sceptical Captain Howard Bode when he arrived on board at around 23:30.

2270:

was the only submarine to return to Australian waters, where she sank three ships and damaged two others during January and February 1943. During her two deployments,

2237:

to re-supply before proceeding to Japanese shipyards for maintenance, the four submarines attacked at least seven Allied merchant vessels. Three of these were sunk:

1925:

and illuminated the submarine's conning tower, while sending an alert signal to the Port War Signal Station at South Head, and the nearby anti-submarine vessel HMAS

1113: 1501:

six submarines of the Eastern Attack Group in the Pacific Ocean. The submarine groups were to select a suitable port of attack, based on their own reconnaissance.

711: 500: 1608:, searched unsuccessfully for the submarine. Muirhead-Gould concluded that the submarine had operated alone and had left the area immediately after the attack. 1938:

survived. Historians believe that the midget took refuge on the harbour floor and waited until the Allied vessels had moved away before it resumed the attack.

989:, and attempted to sink Allied warships. Two of the midget submarines were detected and attacked before they could engage any Allied vessels. The crew of M-14 2084:

was leaving the harbour, the lookouts spotted a submarine periscope passing alongside the cruiser. At 03:01, the indicator loop registered an inbound signal;

3932: 1714:

After completing their mission, the midgets were to depart Sydney Harbour and head south for 20 nmi (23 mi; 37 km) to the recovery point off

4698: 723: 102: 4683: 572: 422: 2455:

second reconnaissance flight on 29 May was the launching of search planes. No other defence measures were put into place. Although the midget attack on

716: 2417:. There was no official inquiry into the attacks, despite demand from some sections of the media, as there was concern that an inquiry would lead to 536: 2999: 2275: 1820:

searchlight operator less than 500 m (1,600 ft) to the moored cruiser's starboard, and on a course roughly parallel to the ship's facing.

1633:

network partially intercepted, resulted in the Japanese Navy selecting Sydney as the target. The three midget-carrying submarines rendezvoused with

1020: 858: 611: 463: 43: 3060:

after viewing footage from multiple dives, along with measurements the group had taken. The wreck had several bullet holes in it, most likely from

2450:

naval authorities detected radio chatter between the Japanese submarines on 26 and 29 May, and although they could not decrypt the transmissions,

4192: 2400:

returned fire, the only time an Australian land fortification has fired on an enemy warship during wartime, but the submarine escaped unscathed.

1016:

killing 50 sailors. During this period, between midnight and 02:30 on 8 June, two of the submarines bombarded the ports of Sydney and Newcastle.

4366: 2518:

the incidents prior to the attack, they would not have been alert, contributing to the disbelief demonstrated in the early hours of the attack.

4703: 1383: 986: 4507: 4399: 2581: 2182:

on the nights of 1 and 2 June for the midget submarines to return. FRUMEL picked up wireless traffic between the five submarines, leading the

2119:

passed over where the submarine had just submerged and dropped a depth charge, she had only five seconds to clear the area. The blast damaged

4539: 3009: 2981: 2115:—spotted the submarine's conning tower in Taylors Bay. The patrol boats had set their depth charge fuses to 15 m (49 ft), and when 470: 383: 349: 320: 2755:

The Australians recovered the bodies of the four Japanese crew of the two midget submarines sunk in Sydney Harbour and had them cremated at

1812:

crossed the indicator loop undetected at 21:48, and at approximately 22:00 followed a Manly ferry through the anti-submarine net. At 22:52,

626: 584: 3213:, naming it after the mother submarine. Numerous sources discussing the 2005 and 2006 findings (such as newspaper articles) refer to it as 417: 4330: 3168: 4651: 2459:

in Madagascar occurred on the morning of 31 May (Sydney time), the Allies sent no alert to other command regions, as they believed that

2393: 728: 393: 2147:

recorded that the Japanese may have fired torpedoes at her. This may have been one of many false alarms throughout the night. However,

1824:

opened fire with a 5 in (130 mm) gun and a quadruple machinegun mount, but inflicted minimal damage as the weapons could not

4062: 4009: 2713: 388: 4635: 4601: 4558: 4516: 4482: 4463: 4095: 3877: 3866:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Volume 4. Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions. May 1942 – August 1942

3084: 2505:

During the attack, there were several delays between events and responses to them. Over two hours passed between the observation of

2426: 960: 3004: 2127:

dropped a second depth charge, which damaged one of her two engines in the process and prevented her from making further attacks.

4577: 313: 3067:

s quadruple machine-gun mount. The location of the wreck was kept secret by both the divers and the navy, with Defence Minister

2762:

An exchange of Japanese and Allied diplomatic personnel stranded in the opposing nations occurred in August 1942, which allowed

2226:

left the group to conduct reconnaissance operations, first at Wellington and Auckland in New Zealand, and then at Suva in Fiji.

2766:, the Japanese ambassador to Australia, to return home with the ashes of the four Japanese submariners. When the exchange ship 2734:

finally released the real story on 6 June, and follow-up material in 13 June issue caused more political damage, prompting the

655: 638: 1670:. No alarm was raised until 05:07, when it was realised that the only ship in the area carrying Seagulls was the U.S. cruiser 1008:, killing 21 sailors. This midget submarine's fate was unknown until 2006, when amateur scuba divers discovered the wreck off 565: 555: 3971: 2692:

shells recovered from the Newcastle bombardment were found to be of English manufacture: surplus munitions from World War I.

2027: 1959:

conditions. Just after 23:30, he set off on a barge towards the boom net, to make a personal inspection. The Admiral reached

1344: 1107: 1101: 2756: 2688: 2652:

when firing its torpedoes, and consequently sending its torpedoes across the bow. Another factor that may have influenced

2362: 2357:

disobeyed orders and took off to try and locate the source of the shelling, but was killed when engine failure caused his

2350: 1883:. It turned and sailed east for about 1 nmi (1.2 mi; 1.9 km), then took up a firing position south-west of 1879:, before the midget was able to submerge and escape. When it returned to periscope depth, the midget found itself west of 1367: 755: 480: 4588: 4493: 361: 3869: 3160: 795: 505: 410: 1783:

activated one of the submarine's scuttling charges, killing themselves and destroying the submarine's forward section.

3518: 3492: 1375: 1371: 660: 3113:, and dignitaries and military personnel from Australia and Japan attended another ceremony on 6 August 2007 at HMAS 4693: 4688: 3225:

designation for consistency with the identified midget submarines and to avoid confusion with the mother submarine.

2746: 2700: 2446:

intercepted the report and distributed it to Allied commanders on 30 May, Muirhead-Gould apparently did not react.

2366: 2321: 2274:

sank 44,000 long tons (45,000 t) of Allied shipping, which made her the most successful Japanese submarine to

2183: 1580: 1191: 972: 968: 750: 579: 550: 434: 61: 2292: 4256: 3940: 1841: 650: 4713: 4284: 2800: 2696: 2337: 2305: 2239: 934: 916: 815: 596: 456: 3247: 3088: 1040: 781: 2490:

at approximately midnight, an action he described as attempting to learn about the situation. But members of

1967:

Despite the blackout order, the Garden Island floodlights remained on until 00:25. About five minutes later,

4678: 4654:

Overview of the events. Includes an animation showing the events immediately prior to and during the attack.

4087: 3255: 3118: 2967: 2958: 2946: 2929: 2900:

Relatives of four of the Japanese sailors killed in the midget submarines which raided Sydney Harbour greet

1363: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1073: 909: 877: 601: 4169: 2687:

The failure of the majority of the shells to detonate may have had various causes. As the submarines fired

1894:

s stern silhouetted against the construction floodlights at Garden Island's new Captain Cook Graving Dock.

2684:

impossible. The intention of the submarine bombardment was to frighten the population of the target area.

2536: 1486: 1061: 940: 882: 645: 356: 3080:

law. Shore- and buoy-mounted surveillance cameras and a sonar listening device further protect the site.

2720:'s first 1,000-bomber raid, although several newspapers included a small interior article mentioning the 4590:

A Critical Vulnerability: The Impact of the Submarine Threat on Australia's Maritime Defence (1915–1954)

3053: 2792: 2735: 2649: 2470: 2376: 2333: 2287: 2007: 1876: 1250: 904: 800: 560: 403: 234: 4198: 2425:'s government, particularly after the damaging inquiry into Australian defences that had followed the 4522: 3985: 3983: 3861: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 2329: 2058: 1945: 1630: 1602: 1528: 1327: 1278: 1002: 745: 733: 621: 427: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 2695:

In Sydney, fear of an impending Japanese invasion caused people to move west; housing prices in the

2486:. Both officers were sceptical that any attack was taking place. Muirhead-Gould arrived aboard HMAS 2300: 1745:

to pass on this information, Sydney Naval Headquarters did not receive the report until 21:52. HMAS

4391: 2623: 2358: 2089: 1866: 1859: 1756:

were dispatched to investigate. Upon confirming that the object in the net was a "baby submarine",

1667: 1512:. This attack—which occurred at nightfall on 30 May and resulted in the damaging of the battleship 1320: 1306: 1299: 1268: 1261: 1232: 1202: 995: 616: 490: 2151:

had attempted to fire its two torpedoes, but failed because of damage to the bow either from HMAS

2596: 2479: 1956: 1675: 1588: 1513: 1406: 1313: 774: 767: 706: 696: 670: 522: 444: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 1617:

s floatplane made a reconnaissance flight over Sydney on 23 May. A secret radar unit set up in

4631: 4597: 4573: 4554: 4535: 4512: 4478: 4459: 4101: 4091: 3967: 3873: 2841: 2730: 2451: 2354: 1701: 1595: 1509: 1069: 1019:

The midget submarine attacks and subsequent bombardments are among the best-known examples of

894: 872: 807: 760: 665: 510: 495: 439: 4122: 3049: 2848: 2837: 2821: 2532: 2234: 2191: 1497: 1187: 1097: 1009: 978: 701: 529: 515: 485: 398: 378: 67: 4422: 4020: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 2988:

was melted down and made into souvenirs following the construction of the combined vessel.

2622:

Several factors beyond the control of any of the combatants contributed to the survival of

1208:

on 17 May. The three remaining submarines left Truk around 20 May for a point south of the

4427: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3135:

into the sea before being presented with sand taken from the seabed around the submarine.

2717: 2528: 2397: 2187: 1228: 1209: 631: 606: 475: 221: 17: 2022: 1976:, although all agree that the US cruiser was the intended target. Both torpedoes missed 1485:-class midget submarines in an unsuccessful operation against US battleships during the 4335: 3096: 3068: 2671: 2380: 2088:

was re-entering Sydney Harbour after recovering from the attack four hours previously.

1837: 1829: 1028:

and forcing the Australian military to upgrade defences, including the commencement of

826: 689: 543: 451: 373: 183: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 2369:

established a memorial park, the Lt. Cantello Reserve, with a monument in his honour.

1941: 1257:. On the night of the attack, three major vessels were present in Sydney Harbour; the 4667: 4054: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3092: 2804: 2768: 2511: 1884: 1539:; commencing 17 February over Sydney Harbour, and the eastern Australian harbours of 1445: 1412: 1347:

where she served as a temporary barracks for sailors transferring between ships. The

1292: 1275: 1258: 1132: 1117: 239: 171: 4068: 2954: 2763: 2572: 2460: 2179: 1880: 1833: 1761: 1735: 1715: 1679: 1642: 1623: 1524: 1493: 1462: 1435: 1420: 1416: 1247: 1239: 1065: 982: 956: 680: 675: 589: 95: 71: 47: 4500: 3209:(after the midget's commander, Sub–Lieutenant Katsuhisa Ban), and Carruthers uses 2728:

and the 21 deaths as the loss of "one small harbour vessel of no military value".

1492:

The plans called for two simultaneous attacks against Allied naval vessels in the

1496:

and South Pacific oceans. These attacks were intended as diversions ahead of the

4147: 3045: 2962: 2873: 2862: 2456: 2447: 2422: 2414: 2215: 2100: 1750: 1505: 1379: 1183: 1140: 1049: 929: 921: 366: 337: 207: 195: 55: 2924: 2888:

The burial service for the Australian sailors killed during the raid on Sydney.

2659:

s survival was the extinguishing of Garden Island's floodlights minutes before

4607: 4596:. Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs (No. 15). Canberra: Sea Power Centre. 4279: 3150: 2829: 2384: 2365:. In 1988, following efforts by residents and the US Consulate in Sydney, the 2345: 2170:

may have seen bubbles from the compressed air released to fire the torpedoes.

2011: 1548: 1285: 1254: 1136: 4251: 4057:(reporter), Stephen Taylor & Julia Timms (producers) (26 November 2006). 3109:

s crew. Relatives of the midget submarines' crews, one of the survivors from

1984:

starboard bow. One of the torpedoes continued underneath the Dutch submarine

117: 104: 4105: 3072: 2676: 2466: 2418: 2230: 1808:

s hull and reported the contact to command. The report was not followed up.

1618: 1540: 1348: 1246:

The naval officer-in-charge of Sydney Harbour at the time of the attack was

1143:

harbours to select the ones most vulnerable to attack by midget submarines.

990: 789: 159: 3514: 3488: 2803:. None of the Japanese submarines involved in the attack survived the war. 1458: 1201:

failed to reach Truk; she was torpedoed on the surface by the US submarine

1148: 4657: 2202:

Four of the submarines began operations against Allied merchant shipping.

1825: 2950: 2905: 2858: 2811: 2773: 1568: 1156: 1024:

The main impact was psychological; creating popular fear of an impending

1696:

midgets followed at twenty-minute intervals and were similarly delayed.

4220: 3604: 3076: 2738:

to attempt to charge the newspaper with releasing defence information.

1985: 1334: 1354:

had also been in the harbour, but departed an hour before the attack.

4086:. The Australian Centenary History of Defence. South Melbourne, VIC: 3248:"Sydney Under Attack: Japanese Midget Submarine 31 May – 1 June 1942" 3013: 2443: 2336:. They fired 10 shells over a four-minute period; nine landed in the 1845: 1627: 1544: 1466: 1391: 1045: 1029: 964: 4367:"Depths of knowledge: divers to explore secrets of submarine site" 3687: 3003: 2923: 2670: 2465: 2299: 2291: 2021: 1940: 1795: 1779:

was setting up to deploy a third depth charge, the two crewmen on

1572: 1457: 1227: 1039: 3192:

Some sources give the date of the reconnaissance flight as 30 May

3028:, in or around Taylors Bay, which would account for reports from 2296:

House shelled by Japanese submarines, Bellevue Hill, Sydney, 1942

2178:

As per the operation plan, the five mother submarines waited off

1641:

approximately 35 mi (30 nmi; 56 km) north-east of

3132: 1152: 4630:. London: Leo Cooper in association with Secker & Warburg. 4551:

Battle Surface! Japan's Submarine War Against Australia 1942–44

4306: 3989: 2776:, several thousand people were present to honour the four men. 2383:. She fired 34 shells over a 16-minute period, including eight 2332:. The submarine's commander ordered the gun crew to target the 2123:, which inverted and rose to the surface before sinking again. 1852:

ordered the crew to begin preparing for departure, and for USS

830: 309: 4652:

Australia's War 1939–1945: Australia Attacked – Sydney Harbour

3036:

of multiple submarines during their three-hour attack against

2388: 305: 4477:. North Fort: Royal Australian Artillery Historical Society. 3719: 2158:

s ramming or depth charges, or a possible collision with USS

1112:. The six submarines made up the Eastern Attack Group of the 981:, (M-14, M-21 and M-24) each with a two-member crew, entered 4236:

Nichols, Robert (2006). "The Night the War Came to Sydney".

2057:

left her anchorage at 02:14, leaving a sailor behind on the

2379:, from 9 km (4.9 nmi; 5.6 mi) north-east of 2229:

Between 1 and 25 June, when the four submarines arrived at

1284:. Other warships in the harbour included: destroyer tender 1064:

originally intended to use six submarines in the attack on

4511:, Series 2, Volume II. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 4475:

We Stood and Waited: Sydney's Anti-ship Defences 1939–1945

2571:. The five mother submarines were already en route to the 2551:, when several naval vessels headed to sea, including USS 2103:

at 03:50, and at 05:00, three auxiliary patrol boats—HMAS

1390:

Harbour defence craft included the anti-submarine vessels

1044:

The crews of the Japanese midget submarines that attacked

4458:(Revised ed.). Narrabeen, NSW: Casper Publications. 3845: 3052:. Commander Shane Moore, the officer responsible for the 4148:"Portrait of 1st Lieutenant (Lt) George Leo Cantello..." 3915: 3821: 1905:—probably entered the harbour at the same time that USS 4170:"Register of War Memorials in NSW Lt Cantello Memorial" 4019:. Royal Australian Navy. pp. 11–19. Archived from 2908:

with the ashes of the four submariners in October 1942.

2502:

that both officers began to take the attack seriously.

1523:—came 22 days after the British captured the port from 3091:'s visit to Australia, Yoshikawa and RAN Vice Admiral 2741:

It was several days before the 21 dead sailors aboard

1955:

At 23:14, Muirhead-Gould ordered all ships to observe

1182:

were ordered to proceed to the Japanese naval base at

3056:'s heritage collection, confirmed that the wreck was 2166:

attempted to attack the cruiser. The observer aboard

1840:, while fragments were later found in the suburbs of 963:

made a series of attacks on the Australian cities of

4494:"Australia's Coast Raided – Her Flanks Strengthened" 4288:. New South Wales, Australia. 9 June 1942. p. 2 4197:(Speech). Newcastle, New South Wales. Archived from 2328:

surfaced 9 mi (14 km) south-south-east of

4456:

Japanese Submarine Raiders 1942: A Maritime Mystery

3472: 1547:(1 March), followed by the New Zealand harbours of 2752:in commemoration of the ferry and the lives lost. 1980:, while one torpedo may have also passed close to 1645:, with all five submarines in position by 29 May. 1415:converted to channel patrol boats (and armed with 3174:Military history of Australia during World War II 3019:Over the 64 years following the disappearance of 1450:; and four unarmed Naval Auxiliary Patrol boats. 4010:"Wonderful Kuttabul – a long history of service" 2590:being raised by a floating crane on 10 June 1942 2353:pilot, 1st Lieutenant George Cantello, based at 4117: 4115: 3008:Submarine M-21 Conning Tower on display at the 2053:Ships were ordered to make for the open ocean. 70:, believed to be midget No. 14, is raised from 36: 4674:Military history of Sydney during World War II 2547:more damage came following the destruction of 1828:far enough. Some of the 5 inch (127mm) shells 1674:, and all four of her aircraft were on board. 1504:The Western Attack Group selected the port of 4534:. Crows Nest, NSW, Aust.: Allen & Unwin. 2663:fired its first torpedo, impeding targeting. 1563:sailing to Sydney. On the evening of 16 May, 842: 321: 8: 3131:s crew to the wreck site, where they poured 2046:did not return to its mother submarine, and 1579:, 30 mi (26 nmi; 48 km) from 4658:Midget Submarines at Sydney, Australia 1942 4570:A Shot of History: Attack on Sydney Harbour 4553:. Milsons Point, NSW, Aust.: Random House. 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4252:"Naval Honors At Burial Of Submarine Crews" 4003: 4001: 3605:Carruthers, Japanese Submarine Raiders 1942 3071:promising to have the wreck protected as a 2019:then dived and moved to leave the harbour. 1559:were sent to select the final target, with 4709:South West Pacific theatre of World War II 4392:"M24 Japanese Midget Submarine wreck site" 4296:– via National Library of Australia. 4268:– via National Library of Australia. 4260:. South Australia. 10 June 1942. p. 1 4172:. New South Wales Government. 27 June 2014 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 1913:. The unarmed Naval Auxiliary Patrol boat 1741:to report his finding. Despite efforts by 1469:on 17 February 1942. The seaplanes aboard 1139:for aerial reconnaissance—scouted various 849: 835: 827: 328: 314: 306: 33: 4423:"Fallen submariners honored in Australia" 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 3906: 3904: 2984:on Garden Island. Leftover material from 2721: 1998:was tied up against. The explosion broke 1032:operations to protect merchant shipping. 971:. On the night of 31 May – 1 June, three 3000:M24 Japanese Midget Submarine wreck site 2779:The two main targets of the attack, USS 1775:was waiting for permission to fire, and 1021:Axis naval activity in Australian waters 44:Axis naval activity in Australian waters 3238: 3185: 2878: 2787:, were both lost within the next year: 2577: 1382:, as well as the partially constructed 1001:, but instead sank the converted ferry 2928:The composite midget submarine at the 1465:with a plane of the type he flew over 1384:Sydney Harbour anti-submarine boom net 1370:—six outside the harbour, one between 1362:At the time of the attack, the static 987:Sydney Harbour anti-submarine boom net 3095:presided over a ceremony held aboard 3010:Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre 2982:Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre 1887:, from where its commander could see 1794:was the second to enter the harbour. 860:Axis naval attacks against Australia 7: 3966:. Casper Publications. p. 133. 2791:sinking on 9 August 1942 during the 2077:began their preparations to depart. 1848:. The senior officer present aboard 985:, avoided the partially constructed 4626:Warner, Peggy; Seno, Sadao (1986). 4402:from the original on 29 August 2007 4398:. New South Wales Heritage Office. 3521:from the original on 14 August 2007 3495:from the original on 14 August 2007 2675:A crowd looking at a shell hole at 2387:. The target of the attack was the 2218:for ships departing Melbourne, and 2198:Attacks on Allied merchant shipping 1551:(8 March) and Auckland (13 March). 955:From 31 May to 8 June 1942, during 4699:Military attacks against Australia 1401:; the auxiliary minesweepers HMAS 25: 4684:Submarine warfare in World War II 4508:Australia in the War of 1939–1945 4396:State Heritage Inventory Database 4194:Fort Scratchley Dedication Dinner 3931:Rickard, Dave (8 November 2008). 2936:The Allies located and recovered 2799:on 30 January 1943 following the 2206:patrolled north of Sydney, while 2002:in two and sank her, and damaged 1682:fighters, which failed to locate 1378:, and one between South Head and 961:Imperial Japanese Navy submarines 27:1942 World War II attack by Japan 4502:Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945 4331:"Ceremony ends missing sub saga" 4329:McNicoll, D.D. (7 August 2007). 3690:Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945 3153: 2893: 2881: 2832:. An American patrol craft sank 2824:. An American torpedo boat sank 2699:dropped, while those beyond the 2595: 2580: 2463:forces had launched the attack. 2427:Japanese aerial attack on Darwin 214: 200: 188: 176: 164: 152: 54: 4421:Wurth, Bob (24 February 2007). 4223:Japanese Submarine Raiders 1942 3964:Japanese Submarine Raiders 1942 3246:Nichols, Robert (31 May 2002). 3169:Air raids on Australia, 1942–43 1116:, under the command of Captain 4365:Hasham, Nicole (28 May 2012). 4280:"Naval Honors for Jap Sailors" 4008:Elbourne, Sean (Winter 2006). 1707:—was nowhere to be found, USS 1519:and the sinking of the tanker 1368:anti-submarine indicator loops 1: 4704:Shipwrecks of New South Wales 2953:on 28 April 1943, flying the 2351:United States Army Air Forces 2320:briefly bombarded Sydney and 2061:buoy in her haste to depart. 2050:remained unknown until 2006. 2030:several days after the attack 1951:following the Japanese attack 1220:replaced the damaged midget. 4587:Stevens, David (June 2005). 4454:Carruthers, Steven (2006) . 4448:General and cited references 4123:"P-400 Serial Number ?" 4082:Stevens, David, ed. (2001). 3870:University of Illinois Press 3161:Military of Australia portal 2857:on 12 February 1943 off the 2722:final reconnaissance flyover 2276:operate in Australian waters 1711:became the priority target. 1481:The Japanese Navy used five 782:Manchuria and Northern Korea 291:1 midget submarine scuttled, 3205:, Jenkins identifies it as 3083:On 7 February 2007, during 2820:on 5 February 1944 off the 2757:Eastern Suburbs Crematorium 2433:Failures in Allied defences 2308:damaged by a Japanese shell 2210:patrolled south of Sydney. 1875:as it fled west toward the 580:Dutch East Indies (1941–42) 537:Strategic bombing (1944–45) 4730: 4473:Fullford, Richard (1994). 4191:Vale, Dana (31 May 2002). 3124:then carried relatives of 2997: 2976:.' The conning tower from 2312:On the morning of 8 June, 2285: 2184:Royal Australian Air Force 2162:, making it possible that 2026:The unexploded torpedo at 1994:, then hit the breakwater 1649:Midget submarine operation 1581:Newcastle, New South Wales 1319:, armed merchant cruisers 729:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands 255:2 armed merchant cruisers, 4371:The Sydney Morning Herald 4084:The Royal Australian Navy 3893:Dunhunty, Philip (2009). 3050:Sydney's Northern Beaches 2836:on 10 June 1943 near the 2522:Flaws in Japanese tactics 2361:to crash in a paddock at 2340:and one landed in water. 2047: 1917:(later commissioned HMAS 1575:) Soviet merchant vessel 1339:. A converted ferry—HMAS 1010:Sydney's northern beaches 868: 345: 299: 289:2 midget submarines sunk, 276: 263:2 anti-submarine vessels, 245: 228: 145: 78: 74:the day after the attack. 53: 41: 18:Japanese midget submarine 3933:"Is the Falie Finished?" 3722:A Critical Vulnerability 3221:. This article uses the 2828:on 25 December 1942 off 2801:Battle of Rennell Island 2610: 2306:Sydney's Eastern Suburbs 1527:at the beginning of the 816:Second Sino-Japanese War 656:Estevan Point Lighthouse 411:Indian Ocean (1941–1945) 362:Marshalls–Gilberts raids 37:Attack on Sydney Harbour 4572:. NSW, Aust.: Big Sky. 4549:Jenkins, David (1992). 4150:Australian War Memorial 4088:Oxford University Press 3868:. Champaign, Illinois: 3256:Australian War Memorial 2947:Australian War Memorial 2930:Australian War Memorial 2872:on 26 July 1944 in the 2452:radio direction finding 2324:. Just after midnight, 2222:travelled to Brisbane. 2006:. The attack killed 19 1676:Richmond Air Force Base 1658:Before dawn on 29 May, 1594:, Australian destroyer 1498:attack on Midway Island 1364:Sydney Harbour defences 1195:-class midget submarine 418:Japanese merchant raids 4127:Pacific Wreck Database 4017:Sea Talk (Winter 2006) 3016: 2933: 2680: 2537:attack on Pearl Harbor 2474: 2429:three months earlier. 2309: 2297: 2080:Just before 03:00, as 2031: 1952: 1487:attack on Pearl Harbor 1478: 1477:were of the same type. 1333:, and Dutch submarine 1291:, auxiliary minelayer 1243: 1114:8th Submarine Squadron 1062:Imperial Japanese Navy 1052: 873:German surface raiders 717:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 561:Burma and India (1944) 384:Gilberts and Marshalls 293:2 spotter planes lost, 265:6 channel patrol boats 229:Commanders and leaders 118:33.85833°S 151.23333°E 4660:at Combinedfleet.com. 4532:A Very Rude Awakening 4530:Grose, Peter (2007). 4492:Gill, George Hermon. 3939:(229). Archived from 3918:A Very Rude Awakening 3862:Morison, Samuel Eliot 3824:A Very Rude Awakening 3517:. CombinedFleet.com. 3491:. CombinedFleet.com. 3180:Explanatory footnotes 3054:Royal Australian Navy 3007: 2980:is on display at the 2927: 2793:Battle of Savo Island 2736:Royal Australian Navy 2674: 2469: 2334:Sydney Harbour Bridge 2303: 2295: 2288:Shelling of Newcastle 2286:Further information: 2025: 2008:Royal Australian Navy 1944: 1877:Sydney Harbour Bridge 1830:skipped off the water 1461: 1251:Gerard Muirhead-Gould 1231: 1043: 627:Philippines (1944–45) 585:Philippines (1941–42) 277:Casualties and losses 235:Gerard Muirhead-Gould 2714:Operation Millennium 2644:was moving, causing 2421:and reduce faith in 2330:Macquarie Lighthouse 2214:began searching off 1654:Final reconnaissance 1631:signals intelligence 1529:Battle of Madagascar 1190:, to each receive a 428:Homfreyganj massacre 270:3 midget submarines, 123:-33.85833; 151.23333 86:31 May – 8 June 1942 4568:Lewis, Tom (2022). 4307:Warner & Seno, 4285:The Daily Telegraph 3990:Warner & Seno, 3962:Carruthers (2006). 3943:on 11 February 2012 3912:Telegraphic Order 3 3895:Never a Dull Moment 3848:We Stood And Waited 2140:killed themselves. 1567:fired on the 5,135 1366:consisted of eight 268:5 fleet submarines, 114: / 4525:on 4 October 2008. 4339:. News Corporation 4026:on 19 October 2009 3897:. Philip Dulhunty. 3017: 2959:paying-off pennant 2934: 2904:as she arrives at 2681: 2667:Bombardment impact 2559:, Dutch submarine 2475: 2310: 2298: 2174:Secondary missions 2032: 1953: 1479: 1343:—was alongside at 1244: 1053: 775:Japanese surrender 741:Naval bombardments 671:Fire balloon bombs 394:Volcano and Ryukyu 389:Marianas and Palau 282:1 depot ship sunk, 4694:1942 in Australia 4689:Conflicts in 1942 4613:on 4 October 2008 4541:978-1-74175-219-9 4201:on 28 August 2007 3914:. (Reproduced in 2629:. At the time of 2529:seaplane carriers 2377:shelled Newcastle 2367:City of Liverpool 2355:Bankstown Airport 2192:Bristol Beauforts 1897:Midget submarine 1816:was spotted by a 1790:Midget submarine 1726:Midget submarine 1601:and US destroyer 1131:—each carrying a 1026:Japanese invasion 979:midget submarines 950: 949: 935:Indian Ocean raid 824: 823: 666:Lookout Air Raids 573:Southwest Pacific 304: 303: 251:2 heavy cruisers, 141: 140: 16:(Redirected from 4721: 4641: 4628:The Coffin Boats 4622: 4620: 4618: 4612: 4606:. Archived from 4595: 4583: 4564: 4545: 4526: 4521:. Archived from 4498: 4488: 4469: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4362: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4326: 4313: 4309:The Coffin Boats 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4233: 4227: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4119: 4110: 4109: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4051: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4025: 4014: 4005: 3996: 3992:The Coffin Boats 3987: 3978: 3977: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3928: 3922: 3908: 3899: 3898: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3858: 3852: 3843: 3828: 3819: 3726: 3717: 3694: 3685: 3608: 3602: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3485: 3479: 3470: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3252:Remembering 1942 3243: 3226: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3163: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3130: 3108: 3075:. The wreck was 3066: 2968:Yellow Submarine 2897: 2885: 2838:Aleutian Islands 2822:Marshall Islands 2658: 2635: 2617: 2602:The wreckage of 2599: 2584: 2235:Marshall Islands 2188:Lockheed Hudsons 2157: 2041: 1893: 1871:also fired upon 1807: 1770: 1664: 1616: 1358:Harbour defences 1188:Caroline Islands 1163:went to Sydney. 1123:On 8 June 1942, 863: 861: 851: 844: 837: 828: 796:Manchuria (1945) 651:Aleutian Islands 501:Indochina (1945) 471:Indochina (1940) 457:2nd Indian Ocean 440:1st Indian Ocean 435:Christmas Island 340: 330: 323: 316: 307: 253:1 light cruiser, 224: 220: 218: 217: 206: 204: 203: 194: 192: 191: 182: 180: 179: 170: 168: 167: 158: 156: 155: 129: 128: 126: 125: 124: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 80: 79: 68:midget submarine 58: 34: 21: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4714:1940s in Sydney 4664: 4663: 4648: 4638: 4625: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4593: 4586: 4580: 4567: 4561: 4548: 4542: 4529: 4519: 4496: 4491: 4485: 4472: 4466: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4428:The Japan Times 4420: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4364: 4363: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4328: 4327: 4316: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4121: 4120: 4113: 4098: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4053: 4052: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4012: 4007: 4006: 3999: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3909: 3902: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3880: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3844: 3831: 3820: 3729: 3718: 3697: 3686: 3611: 3603: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3471: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3229: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3159: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3128: 3106: 3064: 3002: 2996: 2922: 2909: 2898: 2889: 2886: 2718:Royal Air Force 2709: 2697:Eastern Suburbs 2689:armour-piercing 2669: 2656: 2650:lead the target 2633: 2620: 2615: 2606: 2600: 2591: 2585: 2524: 2435: 2406: 2398:Fort Scratchley 2338:Eastern Suburbs 2290: 2284: 2255:on 4 June, and 2200: 2176: 2155: 2143:At 04:40, HMAS 2039: 1909:opened fire on 1891: 1805: 1768: 1730:—launched from 1724: 1693: 1668:Curtiss Seagull 1662: 1656: 1651: 1614: 1521:British Loyalty 1456: 1360: 1226: 1210:Solomon Islands 1058: 1038: 953: 952: 951: 946: 864: 859: 857: 855: 825: 820: 812: 724:Mariana Islands 597:Solomon Islands 566:Burma (1944–45) 556:Burma (1942–43) 551:Burma (1941–42) 544:Burma and India 476:Franco-Thai War 423:Andaman Islands 350:Central Pacific 341: 336: 334: 294: 292: 290: 285: 283: 271: 269: 264: 262: 260: 258: 256: 254: 252: 215: 213: 212: 201: 199: 198: 189: 187: 186: 177: 175: 174: 165: 163: 162: 153: 151: 122: 120: 116: 113: 108: 105: 103: 101: 100: 99: 59: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4727: 4725: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4679:Sydney Harbour 4676: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4655: 4647: 4646:External links 4644: 4643: 4642: 4636: 4623: 4602: 4584: 4578: 4565: 4559: 4546: 4540: 4527: 4517: 4489: 4483: 4470: 4464: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4413: 4383: 4350: 4336:The Australian 4314: 4312:, p. 169. 4299: 4271: 4257:The Advertiser 4243: 4228: 4219:Reproduced in 4212: 4183: 4161: 4139: 4111: 4096: 4090:. opp. p 112. 4074: 4037: 3997: 3995:, p. 130. 3979: 3972: 3954: 3923: 3900: 3885: 3878: 3872:. p. 68. 3853: 3829: 3727: 3695: 3609: 3532: 3506: 3480: 3475:Battle Surface 3268: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3194: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3148: 3145: 3089:Eiji Yoshikawa 3069:Brendan Nelson 2998:Main article: 2995: 2990: 2940:on 3 June and 2921: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2899: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2880: 2731:Smith's Weekly 2708: 2705: 2701:Blue Mountains 2679:on 8 June 1942 2668: 2665: 2619: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2601: 2594: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2523: 2520: 2471:Muirhead-Gould 2434: 2431: 2405: 2402: 2381:Stockton Beach 2283: 2280: 2240:Iron Chieftain 2199: 2196: 2186:to task three 2175: 2172: 1838:Martello tower 1723: 1720: 1692: 1691:Plan of attack 1689: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1455: 1452: 1359: 1356: 1349:hospital ship 1259:heavy cruisers 1242:on 31 May 1942 1240:Sydney Harbour 1225: 1222: 1066:Sydney Harbour 1057: 1054: 1037: 1034: 983:Sydney Harbour 948: 947: 945: 944: 937: 932: 927: 919: 914: 907: 902: 897: 892: 880: 875: 869: 866: 865: 856: 854: 853: 846: 839: 831: 822: 821: 811: 810: 805: 804: 803: 793: 785: 784: 778: 777: 772: 765: 764: 763: 753: 751:South Sakhalin 748: 743: 738: 731: 726: 721: 720: 719: 714: 709: 704: 693: 692: 686: 685: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 642: 641: 635: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 587: 582: 576: 575: 569: 568: 563: 558: 553: 547: 546: 540: 539: 534: 527: 520: 513: 508: 506:Malacca Strait 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 467: 466: 464:Southeast Asia 460: 459: 454: 449: 448: 447: 437: 432: 431: 430: 420: 414: 413: 407: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 374:Doolittle Raid 371: 364: 359: 353: 352: 346: 343: 342: 335: 333: 332: 325: 318: 310: 302: 301: 297: 296: 287: 279: 278: 274: 273: 266: 248: 247: 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 226: 225: 210: 184:United Kingdom 148: 147: 143: 142: 139: 138: 135: 131: 130: 96:Sydney Harbour 94: 92: 88: 87: 84: 76: 75: 72:Sydney Harbour 51: 50: 39: 38: 32: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4726: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4637:0-436-56330-4 4633: 4629: 4624: 4609: 4605: 4603:0-642-29625-1 4599: 4592: 4591: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4560:0-09-182638-1 4556: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4518:0-00-217480-4 4514: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4503: 4495: 4490: 4486: 4484:0-646-04599-7 4480: 4476: 4471: 4467: 4465:0-9775063-0-4 4461: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4414: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4303: 4300: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4239: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4216: 4213: 4200: 4196: 4195: 4187: 4184: 4171: 4165: 4162: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4097:0-19-555542-2 4093: 4089: 4085: 4078: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4055:Liam Bartlett 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4022: 4018: 4011: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3958: 3955: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3889: 3886: 3881: 3879:0-252-06995-1 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3849: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3723: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3151: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3136: 3134: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3094: 3093:Russ Shalders 3090: 3086: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2926: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2903: 2902:Kamakura Maru 2896: 2891: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2846: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2808: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2769:Kamakura Maru 2765: 2760: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2750: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2685: 2678: 2673: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2614: 2605: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2394:tram terminus 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2302: 2294: 2289: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2233:Atoll in the 2232: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2038: 2029: 2028:Garden Island 2024: 2020: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1885:Bradleys Head 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1767: 1763: 1762:depth charges 1759: 1755: 1754: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1733: 1729: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1697: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1624:capital ships 1620: 1613: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1417:depth charges 1414: 1410: 1409: 1408:Samuel Benbow 1404: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1346: 1345:Garden Island 1342: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1276:light cruiser 1273: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1230: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1200: 1196: 1194: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133:Yokosuka E14Y 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1118:Hankyu Sasaki 1115: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1006: 1000: 999: 992: 988: 984: 980: 977: 975: 970: 966: 962: 958: 943: 942: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 925: 920: 918: 915: 913: 912: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 890: 886: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 867: 862: 852: 847: 845: 840: 838: 833: 832: 829: 819: 818: 817: 809: 806: 802: 799: 798: 797: 794: 792: 791: 787: 786: 783: 780: 779: 776: 773: 771: 770: 766: 762: 759: 758: 757: 756:Kuril Islands 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 736: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 699: 698: 695: 694: 691: 688: 687: 684: 683: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 643: 640: 639:North America 637: 636: 633: 632:Borneo (1945) 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 592: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 577: 574: 571: 570: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 548: 545: 542: 541: 538: 535: 533: 532: 528: 526: 525: 521: 519: 518: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 468: 465: 462: 461: 458: 455: 453: 452:Bay of Bengal 450: 446: 443: 442: 441: 438: 436: 433: 429: 426: 425: 424: 421: 419: 416: 415: 412: 409: 408: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 369: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 354: 351: 348: 347: 344: 339: 331: 326: 324: 319: 317: 312: 311: 308: 298: 288: 281: 280: 275: 267: 257:2 destroyers, 250: 249: 244: 241: 240:Hankyu Sasaki 238: 236: 233: 232: 227: 223: 211: 209: 208:British India 197: 185: 173: 172:United States 161: 150: 149: 144: 136: 133: 132: 127: 97: 93: 90: 89: 85: 82: 81: 77: 73: 69: 66: 64: 57: 52: 49: 45: 40: 35: 30: 19: 4627: 4615:. Retrieved 4608:the original 4589: 4579:1-92-2765384 4569: 4550: 4531: 4523:the original 4506: 4501: 4474: 4455: 4433:. Retrieved 4426: 4416: 4404:. Retrieved 4395: 4386: 4374:. Retrieved 4370: 4341:. Retrieved 4334: 4308: 4302: 4290:. Retrieved 4283: 4274: 4262:. Retrieved 4255: 4246: 4240:(33): 28–29. 4237: 4231: 4222: 4221:Carruthers, 4215: 4203:. Retrieved 4199:the original 4193: 4186: 4174:. Retrieved 4164: 4152:. Retrieved 4142: 4130:. Retrieved 4126: 4083: 4077: 4069:Nine Network 4063: 4028:. Retrieved 4021:the original 4016: 3991: 3963: 3957: 3945:. Retrieved 3941:the original 3936: 3926: 3917: 3911: 3894: 3888: 3865: 3856: 3847: 3823: 3721: 3689: 3523:. Retrieved 3509: 3497:. Retrieved 3483: 3474: 3259:. Retrieved 3251: 3241: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3207:Ban's midget 3206: 3202: 3197: 3188: 3139: 3137: 3125: 3120: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3098: 3082: 3061: 3057: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3018: 2992: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2955:White Ensign 2941: 2937: 2935: 2918: 2914: 2901: 2869: 2864: 2854: 2849: 2843: 2833: 2825: 2817: 2812: 2806: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2778: 2767: 2764:Tatsuo Kawai 2761: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2740: 2729: 2725: 2710: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2660: 2653: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2636:s attack on 2630: 2625: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2587: 2573:Port Hacking 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2525: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2461:Vichy French 2457:Diego Suarez 2439: 2436: 2411: 2407: 2373: 2371: 2363:Hammondville 2341: 2325: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2201: 2180:Port Hacking 2177: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2091: 2085: 2081: 2079: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2054: 2052: 2043: 2036: 2033: 2016: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1947: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1888: 1881:Fort Denison 1872: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1834:Fort Denison 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1802: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1765: 1760:dropped two 1757: 1752: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1716:Port Hacking 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1683: 1671: 1659: 1657: 1643:Sydney Heads 1638: 1634: 1611: 1610: 1604: 1597: 1590: 1584: 1576: 1571:(5,217 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1536: 1533: 1525:Vichy France 1520: 1515: 1506:Diégo-Suarez 1503: 1491: 1482: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1463:Nobuo Fujita 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1361: 1350: 1340: 1335: 1329: 1322: 1315: 1308: 1301: 1298:, corvettes 1294: 1287: 1280: 1270: 1263: 1248:Rear Admiral 1245: 1234: 1217: 1213: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1165: 1160: 1144: 1141:Australasian 1128: 1124: 1122: 1108: 1102: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1059: 1050:Diego Suarez 1018: 1014: 1004: 997: 973: 957:World War II 954: 939: 923: 917:Port Gregory 910: 899: 888: 884: 814: 813: 788: 768: 734: 681: 676:Project Hula 661:Fort Stevens 590: 530: 523: 516: 404:Ocean Island 367: 357:Pearl Harbor 261:1 submarine, 259:3 corvettes, 146:Belligerents 62: 48:World War II 42:Part of the 29: 4617:7 September 4431:. p. 3 4059:"Found it!" 4030:7 September 3046:Bungan Head 3030:Steady Hour 2963:The Beatles 2874:Philippines 2772:arrived in 2567:, and HMIS 2480:Howard Bode 2473:in May 1941 2448:New Zealand 2423:John Curtin 2415:Pacific War 2385:star shells 2346:crash dived 2304:A house in 2282:Bombardment 2247:on 3 June, 2216:Gabo Island 2129:Steady Hour 2105:Steady Hour 2101:Neutral Bay 1583:. Although 1432:Steady Hour 1411:; pleasure 1380:Middle Head 1184:Truk Lagoon 1166:On 11 May, 1100:submarines 1072:submarines 930:Convoy GP55 801:Mutanchiang 622:New Britain 338:Pacific War 272:2 seaplanes 196:Netherlands 121: / 109:151°14′00″E 98:, Australia 60:A Japanese 4668:Categories 4064:60 Minutes 3973:0977506304 3947:1 December 3846:Fullford, 3261:9 February 3119:HMAS 3102:to honour 3097:HMAS 2861:. Lastly, 2830:New Guinea 2747:HMAS 2618:s survival 2372:At 02:15, 2249:Iron Crown 2012:Royal Navy 1921:) spotted 1860:HMAS 1751:HMAS 1736:HMAS 1596:HMAS 1549:Wellington 1510:Madagascar 1483:Ko-hyoteki 1421:HMAS 1419:), namely 1392:HMAS 1376:South Head 1372:North Head 1328:HMAS 1314:HMIS 1307:HMAS 1300:HMAS 1293:HMAS 1279:HMAS 1274:, and the 1269:HMAS 1255:Royal Navy 1193:Ko-hyoteki 1137:floatplane 1003:HMAS 974:Ko-hyoteki 746:Sagami Bay 735:Starvation 617:New Guinea 286:10 wounded 284:21 killed, 137:Indecisive 106:33°51′30″S 63:Ko-hyoteki 3864:(2001) . 3720:Stevens, 3515:"Type C1" 3489:"Type B1" 3473:Jenkins, 3233:Citations 3121:Melbourne 3099:Newcastle 3073:war grave 2863:USS 2842:HMS 2807:Charrette 2805:USS 2783:and HMAS 2707:Aftermath 2677:Woollahra 2419:defeatism 2359:Airacobra 2322:Newcastle 2257:Guatemala 2231:Kwajalein 2095:fired on 2090:HMS 1990:and HMAS 1702:HMS 1678:launched 1619:Iron Cove 1603:USS 1569:long tons 1541:Melbourne 1516:Ramillies 1514:HMS 1403:Goonambee 1330:Westralia 1321:HMS 1286:USS 1262:USS 1203:USS 1186:, in the 1135:1 "Glen" 996:USS 969:Newcastle 911:Dureenbee 905:Newcastle 790:Kantokuen 697:Air raids 612:Australia 602:Coral Sea 496:Singapore 491:Hong Kong 160:Australia 4435:7 August 4406:7 August 4400:Archived 4343:7 August 4205:7 August 4132:7 August 4106:50418095 3910:Sasaki, 3525:7 August 3519:Archived 3499:7 August 3493:Archived 3203:Midget A 3147:See also 3115:Kuttabul 3111:Kuttabul 3087:Admiral 3077:gazetted 2974:Kuttabul 2951:Canberra 2932:in 2007. 2906:Yokohama 2859:Maldives 2789:Canberra 2785:Canberra 2774:Yokohama 2749:Kuttabul 2743:Kuttabul 2726:Kuttabul 2549:Kuttabul 2512:launches 2500:Kuttabul 2404:Analysis 2190:and two 2168:Canberra 2145:Canberra 2125:Sea Mist 2117:Sea Mist 2109:Sea Mist 2092:Kanimbla 2071:Canberra 2048:its fate 2042:s exit. 2010:and two 2000:Kuttabul 1996:Kuttabul 1992:Kuttabul 1982:Perkins' 1957:blackout 1948:Kuttabul 1919:Lauriana 1915:Lauriana 1842:Cremorne 1832:and hit 1704:Warspite 1680:Wirraway 1447:Toomaree 1437:Sea Mist 1413:launches 1341:Kuttabul 1323:Kanimbla 1295:Bungaree 1281:Adelaide 1271:Canberra 1159:, while 1157:Auckland 1147:scouted 1056:Japanese 1005:Kuttabul 991:scuttled 889:Kormoran 808:Chongjin 769:Downfall 707:Yokosuka 524:Tiderace 481:Thailand 295:6 killed 246:Strength 91:Location 4238:Wartime 4176:19 July 4154:19 July 3916:Grose, 3822:Grose, 3062:Chicago 3034:Yarroma 2965:' song 2865:Sawfish 2844:Paladin 2797:Chicago 2781:Chicago 2654:Chicago 2642:Chicago 2638:Chicago 2626:Chicago 2613:Chicago 2565:Whyalla 2563:, HMAS 2557:Perkins 2553:Chicago 2533:carrier 2496:Chicago 2492:Lolita' 2484:Chicago 2482:of USS 2160:Chicago 2133:Yarroma 2113:Yarroma 2082:Chicago 2075:Perkins 2067:Whyalla 2059:mooring 2055:Chicago 1978:Chicago 1974:Chicago 1907:Chicago 1889:Chicago 1868:Geelong 1862:Whyalla 1854:Perkins 1850:Chicago 1826:depress 1822:Chicago 1818:Chicago 1801:grazed 1773:Yarroma 1766:Yarroma 1747:Yarroma 1743:Yarroma 1738:Yarroma 1709:Chicago 1672:Chicago 1605:Perkins 1454:Prelude 1442:Marlean 1423:Yarroma 1399:Bingera 1309:Geelong 1302:Whyalla 1264:Chicago 1253:of the 1235:Chicago 1155:, then 1098:C1-type 1070:B1-type 998:Chicago 924:Centaur 761:Shumshu 646:Ellwood 511:Vietnam 46:during 4634: 4600: 4576: 4557: 4538: 4515: 4481: 4462: 4376:28 May 4292:5 July 4264:5 July 4104: 4094: 3970: 3937:Afloat 3876: 3688:Gill, 3048:, off 3014:Sydney 2957:and a 2850:Petard 2795:, and 2716:, the 2569:Bombay 2555:, USS 2488:Lolita 2444:FRUMEL 2440:Wellen 2153:Yandra 2111:, and 2073:, and 2063:Bombay 1961:Lolita 1931:Yandra 1927:Yandra 1901:—from 1846:Mosman 1777:Lolita 1764:while 1758:Lolita 1753:Lolita 1722:Attack 1628:FRUMEL 1598:Arunta 1589:HNLMS 1585:Wellen 1577:Wellen 1545:Hobart 1494:Indian 1467:Sydney 1444:, and 1428:Lolita 1394:Yandra 1351:Oranje 1316:Bombay 1312:, and 1288:Dobbin 1224:Allies 1205:Tautog 1178:, and 1149:Nouméa 1096:, and 1090:, and 1046:Sydney 1036:Forces 1030:convoy 976:-class 965:Sydney 900:Sydney 895:Darwin 885:Sydney 531:Zipper 517:Jurist 486:Malaya 445:Ceylon 379:Midway 219: 205: 193: 181: 169: 157: 134:Result 4611:(PDF) 4594:(PDF) 4497:(PDF) 4024:(PDF) 4013:(PDF) 3129:' 3107:' 3085:JMSDF 3065:' 2868:sank 2853:sank 2816:sank 2657:' 2634:' 2616:' 2344:then 2156:' 2040:' 1946:HMAS 1892:' 1806:' 1798:Falie 1796:HMAS 1769:' 1663:' 1615:' 1591:Tromp 941:U-862 883:HMAS 878:Nauru 702:Tokyo 690:Japan 607:Timor 222:Japan 65:class 4632:ISBN 4619:2008 4598:ISBN 4574:ISBN 4555:ISBN 4536:ISBN 4513:ISBN 4479:ISBN 4460:ISBN 4437:2007 4408:2007 4378:2012 4345:2007 4294:2020 4266:2020 4207:2007 4178:2018 4156:2018 4134:2007 4102:OCLC 4092:ISBN 4032:2008 3968:ISBN 3949:2008 3874:ISBN 3527:2007 3501:2007 3263:2014 3223:M-24 3215:M-24 3211:I-24 3140:M-24 3133:sake 3126:M-24 3104:M-24 3058:M-24 3038:M-21 3032:and 3026:M-21 3021:M-24 2993:M-24 2986:M-21 2978:M-21 2942:M-14 2938:M-21 2919:M-21 2917:and 2915:M-14 2870:I-29 2855:I-27 2847:and 2834:I-24 2826:I-22 2818:I-21 2813:Fair 2810:and 2661:M-24 2646:M-24 2631:M-24 2624:USS 2611:USS 2604:M-21 2588:M-21 2561:K-IX 2507:M-14 2374:I-21 2342:I-24 2326:I-24 2318:I-21 2316:and 2314:I-24 2272:I-21 2268:I-21 2261:I-21 2253:I-27 2245:I-24 2224:I-22 2220:I-29 2212:I-27 2208:I-24 2204:I-21 2164:M-21 2149:M-21 2138:M-21 2131:and 2121:M-21 2097:M-21 2086:M-21 2044:M-24 2037:M-24 2017:M-24 2004:K-IX 1987:K-IX 1969:M-24 1936:M-21 1923:M-21 1911:M-24 1903:I-22 1899:M-21 1873:M-24 1865:and 1844:and 1814:M-24 1810:M-24 1803:M-24 1792:M-24 1781:M-14 1749:and 1732:I-27 1728:M-14 1684:I-21 1660:I-21 1639:I-21 1637:and 1635:I-29 1612:I-29 1565:I-29 1561:I-29 1557:I-29 1555:and 1553:I-21 1543:and 1537:I-25 1475:I-21 1473:and 1471:I-29 1405:and 1397:and 1374:and 1336:K-IX 1326:and 1267:and 1233:USS 1218:I-28 1214:I-24 1199:I-28 1180:I-28 1176:I-27 1172:I-24 1168:I-22 1161:I-29 1153:Suva 1145:I-21 1129:I-29 1127:and 1125:I-21 1109:I-24 1106:and 1103:I-22 1093:I-29 1087:I-28 1081:I-27 1075:I-21 1060:The 1048:and 967:and 922:AHS 712:Kure 399:Truk 83:Date 3219:M24 3217:or 2949:in 2648:to 2389:BHP 2259:by 2251:by 2243:by 2099:in 1836:'s 1508:in 1238:in 4670:: 4505:. 4499:. 4425:. 4394:. 4369:. 4353:^ 4333:. 4317:^ 4282:. 4254:. 4125:. 4114:^ 4100:. 4067:. 4061:. 4040:^ 4015:. 4000:^ 3982:^ 3935:. 3903:^ 3832:^ 3730:^ 3698:^ 3612:^ 3535:^ 3271:^ 3254:. 3250:. 3117:. 3012:, 2876:. 2840:. 2396:. 2278:. 2107:, 2069:, 2065:, 1929:. 1531:. 1440:, 1434:, 1430:, 1426:, 1305:, 1212:. 1197:. 1174:, 1170:, 1151:, 1120:. 1084:, 1078:, 1068:: 1012:. 959:, 682:PX 591:RY 4640:. 4621:. 4582:. 4563:. 4544:. 4487:. 4468:. 4439:. 4410:. 4380:. 4347:. 4226:. 4209:. 4180:. 4158:. 4136:. 4108:. 4071:. 4034:. 3976:. 3951:. 3921:) 3882:. 3851:. 3827:. 3725:. 3693:. 3607:. 3529:. 3503:. 3478:. 3265:. 2970:. 1573:t 887:– 850:e 843:t 836:v 368:K 329:e 322:t 315:v 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Attack on Sydney Harbour

Index