110:
615:
1160:
34:
271:
258:
by Japan. Several types of currencies were put into circulation there during the occupation. In China, several puppet governments were created (e.g. Manchukuo), each issuing their own currency. In South East Asia, the
Japanese military arranged for bank notes to be issued, denominated in the various currencies (rupees, pesos, dollars, etc.) that had been circulating there prior to the occupation. These latter are referred to as
312:
1124:
1148:
1112:
1136:
697:
257:
The territories controlled or occupied by Japan had many different currencies. Taiwan maintained its own banking system and bank notes after it came under
Japanese sovereignty in 1895. The same is true for Korea post 1910. Between 1931 and 1945, large parts of China and South East Asia were occupied
410:
After Japan announced its unconditional surrender on 15 August 1945, military yen banknotes were seized by
British military authorities. However, although there was about as much as 1.9 billion yen, the Japanese military administrations intentionally destroyed 700 million worth of it.
302:
Early issues did not have serial numbers, and were issued without regard for inflation. Later issues did initially feature serial numbers. Towards the end of the war, as more money was needed to pay military personnel, notes were issued without serial numbers once more.
286:
Later series were less crude. In the early 1940s, the
Japanese government issued military yen notes with a design prepared specifically for the military yen. These designs were not based on existing Japanese yen notes, but featured original designs such as
426:
On 13 August 1993, an organization in Hong Kong seeking a refund for military yen took legal action against Japan, suing the
Japanese government for the money that was lost when the military yen was declared void. A Tokyo district court ruled against the
240:
period, when the
Japanese government excessively issued it to all of its occupied territories. In Hong Kong, the military yen was forced upon the local population as the sole official currency of the territory. Since the military yen was not backed by
262:. In addition to these currencies, the Japanese military issued their own bank notes, denominated in yen – this is the Japanese military yen. The military yen became the official currency in some occupied areas, e.g. Hong Kong.
278:
In the late 1930s there was an issue of military yen which was similar to the standard yen in terms of design, but with minor modifications. Generally, thick red lines were overprinted to cancel the name
388:
When the military yen was first introduced on 26 December 1941, the exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar and the military yen was 2 to 1. However, by
October 1942, the rate was changed to 4 to 1.
283:" (日本銀行) and any text promising to pay the bearer in gold or silver. Large red text instead indicated that the note was military currency ("軍用手票") so as not to be confused with regular Japanese yen.
299:
This text explains: "This note is exchangeable to
Japanese currency upon presentation. Severe punishment will be applied to anyone who counterfeits notes or knowingly uses such notes."
594:
681:
334:
195:
566:
322:
587:
1015:
20:
1200:
516:
403:
As Japan became more desperate in the war effort in 1944, the
Japanese military authorities in Hong Kong circulated more military yen, resulting in
580:
249:. Forcing local populations to use the military yen officially was one of the ways the Japanese government could dominate the local economies.
464:
109:
632:
1210:
538:
233:
1205:
614:
498:
666:
548:
352:
77:
55:
1190:
1185:
554:
392:
After exchanging for Hong Kong dollars, the
Japanese military purchased supplies and strategic goods in the neighbouring neutral
639:
519:
374:
surrendered to the Japanese Imperial Army on 25 December 1941, the Japanese authorities decreed the military yen to be the
763:
659:
1180:
1064:
474:
420:
1102:
560:
1027:
676:
458:
214:
48:
42:
649:
452:
436:
270:
259:
138:
59:
1195:
468:
371:
432:
431:
on 17 June 1999, stating that, although it acknowledged the suffering of the Hong Kong people, the
423:
announced that all military yen became void, reducing the military yen to useless pieces of paper.
1164:
976:
245:, and did not have a specific place of issuance, the military yen could not be exchanged for the
603:
1128:
1089:
382:
232:(Chinese and Japanese: 日本軍用手票, also 日本軍票 in short) was money issued to the soldiers of the
1084:
1079:
786:
125:
1116:
477:– Currency issued by the U.S. military from the end of World War II to the Vietnam War.
440:
404:
291:
and dragons. All later series featured the following text on the reverse of the note:
1174:
1074:
1069:
836:
781:
776:
771:
627:
435:
did not have specific laws concerning military yen compensation. Japan also used the
280:
1152:
1140:
1059:
996:
991:
986:
753:
748:
720:
710:
686:
654:
572:
375:
246:
208:
981:
971:
940:
935:
930:
896:
875:
870:
865:
743:
738:
671:
237:
222:
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.
966:
961:
956:
925:
891:
860:
855:
850:
820:
815:
733:
728:
644:
428:
288:
1111:
696:
393:
19:
For military currency issued by the Japanese Empire before 1937, see
443:
was a signatory state, as one of the reasons to deny compensation.
1037:
1032:
455:– Various other currencies issued in territories occupied by Japan
397:
242:
576:
305:
27:
415:
Nullification of the military yen and demands for redemption
461:– Currency issued by the Allied powers during World War II
236:
as a salary. The military yen reached its peak during the
330:
499:"Court rejects H.K. residents' claims on military yen"
1100:
517:"Japan urged to cash military notes for H.K. holders"
321:
deal primarily with Hong Kong and do not represent a
385:
and set a deadline for exchanging dollars into yen.
1052:
1005:
949:
918:
909:
884:
829:
808:
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762:
719:
704:
620:
206:
201:
191:
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178:
170:
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144:
137:
124:
119:
95:
381:The Japanese occupation also outlawed any use of
293:
174:1 sen, 5 sen, 10 sen, 50 sen, ¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥100
555:Bank of Japan "World War II Military Currency"
16:Currency of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
588:
8:
266:Design features of the Japanese military yen
90:
253:Currencies in territories occupied by Japan
196:Areas occupied by Japan during World War II
915:
805:
716:
595:
581:
573:
353:Learn how and when to remove this message
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
567:The Global History of Currencies (Japan)
545:, 2007-08-30. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
269:
41:This article includes a list of general
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491:
487:
319:The examples and perspective in this
295:此票一到即換正面所開日本通貨。如有偽造、變造、仿造、或知情行使者均應重罰不貸。
89:
21:Japanese military currency (1894–1918)
465:Banknotes of the British Armed Forces
7:
539:"Narcotics trade boosted army scrip"
525:, 1999-6-7. Retrieved 14 June 1999.
337:, or create a new, as appropriate.
47:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
667:List of Japanese coinage patterns
378:of Hong Kong the following day.
1201:Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
1158:
1146:
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695:
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561:Hong Kong Reparation Association
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108:
32:
274:10 Yen note of the 1938 series
234:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
1:
533:External links and references
366:The military yen in Hong Kong
475:Military payment certificate
421:Japanese Ministry of Finance
1012:Japanese military currency
333:, discuss the issue on the
1227:
1211:Modern obsolete currencies
230:Japanese military currency
91:Japanese military currency
18:
1206:Military history of Japan
693:
640:Countermarked yen ("Gin")
611:
467:– Currency issued by the
419:On 6 September 1945, the
220:
107:
100:(in Chinese and Japanese)
1028:Allied Military Currency
677:National Printing Bureau
459:Allied Military Currency
215:Ministry of War of Japan
1191:Currencies of Hong Kong
1186:Japanese invasion money
650:Japanese invasion money
453:Japanese invasion money
437:Treaty of San Francisco
260:Japanese invasion money
62:more precise citations.
505:. Kyodo. 17 June 1999.
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549:Gallery of banknotes
469:British Armed Forces
372:Hong Kong Government
1181:Currencies of Japan
523:Asian Economic News
503:Asian Economic News
433:government of Japan
114:100 yen note (1945)
92:
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604:Japanese currency
471:from 1946 to 1972
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331:improve this
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687:Trade dollars
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343:December 2010
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139:Denominations
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1196:Japanese yen
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711:Japanese yen
655:Japanese yen
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376:legal tender
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247:Japanese yen
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209:Central bank
187:Demographics
74:
68:October 2018
65:
46:
25:
1165:Numismatics
705:Circulating
672:Meiji Tsuho
238:Pacific War
60:introducing
1175:Categories
910:Historical
800:Historical
645:Japan Mint
482:References
396:colony of
394:Portuguese
370:After the
43:references
1129:Hong Kong
1021:1937–1945
1016:1894–1918
912:banknotes
764:Banknotes
660:Banknotes
429:plaintiff
335:talk page
171:Banknotes
1090:¥100,000
1006:Military
707:currency
447:See also
329:You may
202:Issuance
1117:Economy
1103:Portals
1085:¥50,000
1080:¥10,000
841:⁄
802:coinage
787:¥10,000
721:Coinage
192:User(s)
158:⁄
153:
145:Subunit
133:
96:日本軍用手票
56:improve
621:Topics
126:Symbol
45:, but
1153:Money
1141:Japan
1075:¥5000
1070:¥1000
1038:B yen
1033:A yen
782:¥5000
777:¥2000
772:¥1000
398:Macao
179:Coins
1065:¥500
1060:¥100
997:¥500
992:¥200
987:¥100
754:¥500
749:¥100
243:gold
182:None
120:Unit
982:¥50
977:¥20
972:¥10
950:Yen
941:50s
936:20s
931:10s
919:Sen
897:¥20
885:Yen
876:50s
871:20s
866:10s
830:Sen
809:Rin
744:¥50
739:¥10
166:Sen
160:100
1177::
967:¥5
962:¥2
957:¥1
926:5s
892:¥2
861:5s
856:2s
851:1s
821:5r
816:1r
734:¥5
729:¥1
541:,
521:,
515:*
501:.
490:^
407:.
400:.
1105::
846:s
843:2
839:1
713:)
709:(
596:e
589:t
582:v
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551:.
356:)
350:(
345:)
341:(
327:.
279:"
156:1
131:¥
81:)
75:(
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66:(
52:.
23:.
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