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the females abandon the site afterward. In
Japanese waters, females lay pairs of eggs 6–12 times between March and September, with a peak in spawning activity in March and April. The eggs take about a year to hatch; the newborns measure 18 cm (7.1 in) long. Young sharks have proportionately higher dorsal fins and a similar but brighter color pattern than adults. Males attain
394:
a sharp central cusp flanked by a pair of lateral cusplets, while the back teeth are broad and rounded. There are deep furrows at the corners of the mouth, extending onto both jaws. Despite the research done, the morphology is not well understood. A recent research shows that the spiracle of elasmobranchs is a gill-slit derived tube located behind the eye.
393:
are divided into incurrent and excurrent openings by long flaps of skin that reach the mouth; the incurrent opening is encircled by a groove while another groove runs from the excurrent opening to the mouth. The small mouth is positioned nearly at the tip of the snout; the front teeth are small with
425:
are large and rough, particularly on the sides of the body. The coloration is light brown, with a series of diffuse-edged, darker wide bands interspersed with narrower stripes from snout to tail, numbering 11–14 in all. A faint lighter band is on top of the head between the eyes, and a darker
530:
bearing thin flanges spiraling three times around the outside and a pair of short tendrils at the tip. The eggs are deposited at a depth of 8–9 m (26–30 ft) within beds of rock or kelp. Several females may spawn communally in a single "nest", which may contain up to 15 eggs total, though
376:
A modest-sized shark reaching a maximum known length of 1.2 m (3.9 ft), the
Japanese bullhead shark has a cylindrical body with the short, wide head and blunt, pig-like snout typical of the bullhead sharks. The eyes lack a
494:, often hunting for them while "walking" along the sea bottom with alternating motions of its pectoral and pelvic fins. When prey is found, it is seized with highly protrusible jaws and ground to pieces with the
307:
with anterior spines, and pattern of irregularly shaped, vertical brown bands and stripes. The
Japanese bullhead shark is a docile, slow-swimming species that feeds mainly on shelled
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552:
1096:
354:. Other common names used for this species include bull head, cat shark, Japanese horn shark, Cestracion shark, and Port Jackson shark (which usually refers to
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766:
1031:
1070:
1122:
723:
Yang, J.; L. Li; S. Xia (1995). "Influence of
Climate Change on Living Resources in the Offshore Waters of China". In Beamish, R.J (ed.).
629:
732:
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606:
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The range of the
Japanese bullhead shark extends from Japan to the Korean Peninsula, and southward along the coast of China to
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356:
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1101:
421:, which is broad with a short lower lobe and a long upper lobe bearing a strong ventral notch near the tip. The
319:, with females laying spiral-flanged eggs in communal "nests". This species is of little interest to fisheries.
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Harmless to humans, the
Japanese bullhead shark can be easily hand-caught by divers. It is of only minor
303:. Measuring up to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) long, it can be identified by its short, blunt head, two high
405:. The second dorsal fin is much smaller, but similar in shape, and originates over the rear tips of the
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is very large and high, and is somewhat falcate (sickle-shaped); it originates over the bases of the
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409:. Both dorsal fins bear stout spines on their leading edges. The pectoral fins are large; the
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interest as a source of food in Japan and likely elsewhere. It is also exhibited in
Japanese
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276:
1140:
1109:
599:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
548:
532:
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n. sp. (Siphonostomatoida: Dissonidae), a copepod parasitic on a horn shark from Japan".
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at a depth of 6–37 m (20–121 ft), preferring areas covered by rocks, rocky
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The color pattern of the
Japanese bullhead shark distinguish it from similar species.
347:
332:
280:
59:
54:
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402:
308:
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are present above the eyes, and the space between them is slightly concave. The
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shark occurs at depths of 6–37 m (20–121 ft) over rocky bottoms or
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601:. Vol. 2. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. pp. 39–40.
551:. The conservation status of this species has not been evaluated by the
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443:
390:
296:
268:
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1023:
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713:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on October 28, 2009.
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555:(IUCN). It has apparently disappeared from offshore waters in the
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367:
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292:
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136:
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Like other members of its family, the
Japanese bullhead shark is
1127:
487:
455:
451:
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327:
The Japanese bullhead shark was originally described as
344:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
952:
837:
828:
685:Baker, J.R.; R. Muller; D. Rollinson, eds. (1995).
438:. A single, apparently erroneous, record from off
413:are much smaller than the first dorsal fin. The
553:International Union for Conservation of Nature
760:
474:The Japanese bullhead shark is a slow-moving
8:
725:Climate Change and Northern Fish Populations
470:A Japanese bullhead shark off Kawana, Japan
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48:
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279:Heterodontidae found in the northwestern
727:. NRC Research Press. pp. 531–535.
535:at a length of 69 cm (27 in).
572:
227:Range of the Japanese bullhead shark
7:
1177:IUCN Red List least concern species
687:Advances in Parasitology, Volume 36
711:Heterodontiformes: Bullhead Sharks
14:
662:Deets, G.B.; M. Dojiri (1990). "
73:
689:. Academic Press. p. 186.
559:, possibly as a consequence of
417:is placed well in front of the
1:
912:Whitespotted bullhead shark (
502:of this species include the
426:blotch is beneath each eye.
517:Haemogregarina heterodontii
357:Heterodontus portusjacksoni
1203:
903:Galapagos bullhead shark (
652:[author=Tomita T year=2018
867:Japanese bullhead shark (
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597:Compagno, L.J.V. (2002).
381:and are followed by tiny
238:
231:
226:
217:
195:
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70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
858:Crested bullhead shark (
628:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
526:. Females produce large
498:-like rear teeth. Known
430:Distribution and habitat
336:Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay
24:Japanese bullhead shark
642:. October 2009 version.
350:is a female caught off
342:, in an 1884 volume of
261:Japanese bullhead shark
1187:Fish described in 1884
998:Heterodontus_japonicus
984:Heterodontus japonicus
954:Heterodontus japonicus
921:Zebra bullhead shark (
632:Heterodontus japonicus
471:
373:
265:Heterodontus japonicus
199:Heterodontus japonicus
885:Oman bullhead shark (
469:
371:
894:Port Jackson shark (
379:nictitating membrane
340:William John Macleay
329:Cestracion japonicus
241:Cestracion japonicus
876:Mexican hornshark (
462:Biology and ecology
446:shark inhabits the
387:supraorbital ridges
40:Conservation status
539:Human interactions
472:
442:is reported. This
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315:. Reproduction is
283:off the coasts of
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1163:
1136:Open Tree of Life
946:Taxon identifiers
937:
936:
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896:H. portusjacksoni
664:Dissonus pastinum
507:Dissonus pastinum
448:continental shelf
257:
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181:H. japonicus
147:Heterodontiformes
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16:Species of shark
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511:haemogregarine
478:that feeds on
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709:Martin, R.A.
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210:W. J. Macleay
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190:Binomial name
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133:Subdivision:
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55:Least Concern
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887:H. omanensis
886:
878:H. mexicanus
877:
869:H. japonicus
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866:
859:
851:H. francisci
850:
849:Horn shark (
840:Heterodontus
838:
818:Subdivision
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528:egg capsules
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168:Heterodontus
167:
18:
1045:iNaturalist
978:Wikispecies
860:H. galeatus
674:(8): 49–54.
492:sea urchins
480:crustaceans
440:East Africa
411:pelvic fins
407:pelvic fins
364:Description
313:bony fishes
305:dorsal fins
1171:Categories
802:Vertebrata
800:Subphylum
668:Beaufortia
567:References
509:, and the
419:caudal fin
399:dorsal fin
397:The first
385:. Shallow
311:and small
123:Subclass:
812:Subclass
557:Bohai Sea
545:fisheries
524:oviparous
514:protozoan
500:parasites
383:spiracles
317:oviparous
301:kelp beds
175:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1063:10853930
1019:FishBase
963:Wikidata
923:H. zebra
905:H. quoyi
820:Selachii
796:Chordata
790:Animalia
788:Kingdom
639:FishBase
486:, small
484:molluscs
476:predator
415:anal fin
391:nostrils
323:Taxonomy
233:Synonyms
153:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1037:5215682
969:Q762929
794:Phylum
779:species
775:Extant
504:copepod
297:benthic
295:. This
275:in the
269:species
267:) is a
249:Macleay
163:Genus:
143:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1154:276696
1128:276696
1115:804935
1089:161714
1076:159795
1050:102712
806:Class
731:
693:
605:
490:, and
488:fishes
436:Taiwan
346:. The
291:, and
277:family
251:, 1884
247:&
245:Maclay
212:, 1884
208:&
206:Maclay
1149:WoRMS
1141:11147
1102:95544
1058:IRMNG
1011:6LT3K
496:molar
454:, or
452:reefs
352:Tokyo
293:China
289:Korea
285:Japan
1123:OBIS
1097:NCBI
1084:IUCN
1071:ITIS
1032:GBIF
729:ISBN
691:ISBN
603:ISBN
456:kelp
338:and
259:The
1024:741
1006:CoL
993:ADW
360:).
331:by
271:of
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519:.
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889:)
880:)
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768:e
761:t
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699:.
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263:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
