998:
1503:
and has no seeds. The lack of seeds is good because they are easy to eat, but in the Edo period, the lack of seeds was a factor that made them unpopular. It was believed that eating seedless fruit meant that one could no longer produce offspring, thus ending one's family lineage. When the fruit was named "unshu mikan" in the late Edo period, it was finally recognized. Wenzhou is a mandarin production area in China, and the name "unshu mikan" means "a mandarin comparable to the one produced in
Wenzhou". The unshu mikan is often mistaken for a mandarin imported from China, but it is a genuine Japanese mandarin. It was not until the Meiji period that the cultivation of unshu mikan became popular.
722:
702:
1066:
20:
785:
588:
563:
395:
1152:
538:
681:
634:
874:
3273:
3261:
853:
744:
956:
1131:
198:), also known as the satsuma orange. There are two theories about the origin of the unshu mikan. One is that unshu mikan originated in Japan, while the other is that it originated in China. According to the Japanese origin theory, several species that would serve as the parents of unshu mikan were introduced from China, and in the 1600s, they were crossed in Nishi-Nakajima,
30:
977:
917:
609:
455:
3285:
895:
434:
40:
505:
808:
659:
480:
1024:
1045:
1502:
During the Edo period, when Kishu mikan were being cultivated, unshu mikan were already being cultivated. However, they were not yet called unshu mikan, but
Nakajima mikan. Although mandarins were a luxury, unshu mikan were not the most popular. The unshu mikan is unique in that it is ready to peel
151:
are believed to have been introduced to Japan from China, where Kishu mikan were the mainstay until the unshu mikan became dominant. In
October 2023, published genetic research proved that citrus fruits originated in Southern China, contradicting a previous study suggesting a Himalayan origin.
1465:
of Sōkitsu, Mankitsu, or
Tendaisankitsu introduced from Huangyan Zhejiang, China. It appeared in the early Edo period. The place where Satsuma was born by mutation was Nishi-nakajima, Amakusa District, Higo Province (later Nagashima, Kagoshima), and was called Nakajima Mikan or Nagashima
278:, created in 1972, is one of the most popular varieties internationally. Dekopon was introduced to South Korea in the 1990s and became popular as Hallabong, was exported to California in 1998, and has been marketed as "Sumo Citrus" since 2011.
109:, a collection of poems from the same period, contains many poems about tachibana orange, and because of its strong acidity at the time, it was dried and used for medicinal and ornamental purposes rather than for food. The
3246:
1337:
Shimizu
Tokurou; Kitajima Akira; Nonaka Keisuke; Yoshioka Terutaka; Ohta Satoshi; Goto Shingo; Toyoda Atsushi; Fujiyama Asao; Mochizuki Takako; Nagasaki Hideki; Kaminuma Eli; Nakamura Yasukazu
997:
285:
have been developed based on the unshu mikan, and three cultivars, namely miyagawa wase, okitsu wase, and aoshima unshu, account for nearly half of the production volume of unshu mikan.
1374:
207:
1761:
214:
and several
Japanese scientists support this theory of Japanese origin. Genetic research has shown that the unshu mikan is a cross between the kishu and kunembo. During the
155:
Japan's warm summer climate makes it particularly suitable for citrus plants; while they are grown all over the country, the largest citrus growing areas are located in the
1329:
3241:
1356:
Therefore, it is likely that kunenbo was backcrossed to Kishu in the
Kagoshima region of Japan several times and Satsuma and Yatsushiro were selected from their offspring.
1246:
1609:
240:. It is a general term for citrus fruits shipped from January to May, after the shipping period of unshu mikan, which is from October to February. For example,
1721:
1637:
1550:
Tokurou
Shimizu, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, Takako Mochizuki, Hideki Nagasaki, Terutaka Yoshioka, Atsushi Toyoda, Asao Fujiyama, Eli Kaminuma, Yasukazu Nakamura
1755:
218:(1603–1867), unshu mikan were not very popular due to a superstition that eating seedless unshu mikan would make one infertile. It was not until the
1515:
1665:
338:
and is called the "Swingle system". The different approaches of the two systems lead to partially-overlapping or nested 'species', for example,
1545:
1693:
1400:
1831:
225:
From the Edo period (1603–1867) to the present, the
Japanese have created numerous varieties of citrus fruits, collectively known as
1816:
3326:
1858:
1340:
1278:
721:
1481:
1368:
1189:
1256:
1436:
1578:
1215:
1183:
1615:
701:
3277:
3163:
1786:
311:, often referred to as the "Tanaka system", giving for each cultivar a separate name no matter if it is pure or a
115:, compiled in the 900s, mentions that tachibana orange was burned and used as incense to give a nice fragrance to
3168:
2290:
944:
1730:
1643:
1305:
3321:
2095:
1808:
Field Guide to
Produce: How to Identify, Select, and Prepare Virtually Every Fruit and Vegetable at the Market.
1484:[Food situation in Japan and the world. How did the scene of eating mikan at a kotatsu come about?].
3316:
3153:
3133:
3090:
3062:
2080:
1765:
1124:
331:
2480:
241:
3128:
3105:
2335:
2315:
2310:
1516:"Parental diagnosis of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) revealed by nuclear and cytoplasmic markers"
3158:
1807:
1454:
308:
3226:
3080:
2853:
2848:
2465:
1523:
1065:
19:
1792:
1671:
1330:"Hybrid Origins of Citrus Varieties Inferred from DNA Marker Analysis of Nuclear and Organelle Genomes"
2956:
2882:
1968:
1851:
1553:
1090:
168:
156:
3190:
3173:
3032:
2819:
2085:
1252:
587:
562:
180:
172:
164:
160:
784:
394:
356:(Swingle). Likewise, common terms, like "mikan", do not always align with these taxonomic groups.
3289:
3231:
3095:
2893:
2794:
2658:
2604:
2576:
2415:
2285:
1990:
1929:
304:
81:
176:
105:
3211:
3196:
3143:
3070:
3052:
2930:
2925:
2809:
2475:
2300:
2270:
2100:
2090:
1894:
1812:
1699:
673:
537:
352:
3201:
3085:
2966:
2877:
2835:
2824:
2814:
2799:
2663:
2571:
2250:
2155:
1458:
1409:
1059:
680:
448:
346:
327:
312:
211:
203:
184:
120:
111:
100:
23:
1729:(in Japanese). The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Archived from
1151:
633:
3311:
3265:
3206:
3138:
3007:
2946:
2908:
2887:
2747:
2694:
2678:
2668:
2594:
2586:
2561:
2548:
2538:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2460:
2365:
2355:
2295:
2265:
2235:
2225:
2175:
2145:
2105:
2045:
2005:
1909:
1884:
1844:
1462:
1439:[The Origin and the Development-Process of "Kisyu Arida Mikan (Arida Mandarin)"].
1076:
1016:
948:
873:
826:
791:
627:
531:
294:
1488:(in Japanese). Japan Business Press Co., Ltd. February 1, 2019. p. 3. Archived from
1583:(in Japanese). Japan Agricultural Cooperatives, Nishiuwa. 6 January 2022. Archived from
315:
of two or more species or varieties. While elsewhere it is more popular to classify the
3123:
2961:
2804:
2673:
2653:
2599:
2470:
2435:
2345:
2255:
2245:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2130:
1963:
1919:
758:
714:
300:
96:
1220:(in Japanese). Japan Agricultural Cooperatives, Nishiuwa. 16 June 2019. Archived from
3305:
3075:
2772:
2556:
2508:
2395:
2375:
2305:
2180:
2135:
2015:
1940:
1914:
867:
778:
340:
222:(1868–1912), when modernization began, that the popularity of unshu mikan increased.
199:
191:
1520:
Hiroshi Fujii, Satoshi Ohta, Keisuke Nonaka, Yuichi Katayose, Toshimi Matsumoto, etc
1489:
1413:
1378:
852:
3148:
3100:
2986:
2981:
2864:
2718:
2708:
2528:
2340:
2150:
2065:
2025:
1958:
743:
1448:
3216:
3012:
2723:
2691:
2566:
2455:
2430:
2425:
2410:
2380:
2280:
2230:
2215:
2040:
2000:
1899:
1584:
1221:
1193:
1110:
991:
846:
148:
62:
955:
3037:
2320:
2125:
2120:
2060:
2030:
2020:
1948:
1130:
888:
581:
410:
215:
119:. In Japan, tachibana orange is a symbol of eternity and is the motif for the
75:
2485:
2703:
2445:
2405:
2330:
2170:
2055:
2010:
976:
916:
608:
454:
282:
219:
136:
29:
2951:
894:
433:
3236:
3042:
3022:
3017:
2991:
2971:
2733:
2713:
2627:
2622:
2390:
2325:
2275:
2195:
2050:
1995:
1982:
970:
422:
414:
388:
3047:
2976:
2728:
2637:
2614:
2440:
2420:
2385:
2260:
2110:
2075:
2035:
1904:
1876:
1038:
1023:
736:
556:
498:
335:
323:
275:
249:
43:
3027:
2500:
2450:
2400:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2240:
2220:
2210:
2185:
2165:
2160:
2140:
2115:
2070:
1924:
1889:
1867:
931:
909:
801:
695:
652:
602:
521:
511:
473:
426:
319:
265:
261:
257:
253:
144:
116:
56:
33:
1044:
504:
39:
1953:
807:
658:
479:
330:, and then into cultivars or hybrid. Such a system was created by
316:
132:
67:
38:
28:
18:
2490:
1145:
140:
1840:
3247:
University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection
417:
in shape. The fruit contains 12 segments and about 30 seeds.
1375:
The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
208:
The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
1836:
1546:"The genome sequence of Satsuma mandarin was unveiled"
1279:"We Finally Know Where Oranges and Lemons Come From"
190:
The most widely grown variety in Japan today is the
3182:
3116:
3061:
3000:
2939:
2907:
2862:
2833:
2781:
2759:
2746:
2687:
2646:
2636:
2613:
2585:
2547:
2499:
1979:
1938:
1874:
1762:
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
3242:University of California Citrus Experiment Station
1573:
1571:
131:Citrus fruits are believed to have originated in
1457:has concluded the place of origin of Satsuma is
1447:. University of Wakayama: 97–118. Archived from
66:, compiled in the 700s, were the first books in
1339:. November 30, 2016. p. 50. Archived from
269:
226:
79:
409:Yellowish-orange in colour, about the size of
364:Japanese citrus fruits include the following:
233:
88:
1852:
8:
1614:(in Japanese). 10-mikan.com. Archived from
2756:
2643:
1859:
1845:
1837:
1604:
1602:
1241:
1239:
366:
139:, and later spread throughout the world.
1698:(in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from
1642:(in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from
1192:, Nishiuwa. 6 June 2019. Archived from
1175:
1019:(Shiikwaasaa, Shequasar, Hirami lemon)
1885:Australian and Papuan wild limes group
1476:
1474:
7:
3284:
78:brought back citrus fruits from the
1552:. February 20, 2018. Archived from
1522:. November 30, 2016. Archived from
1453:(After the many years of research,
99:, which is thought to refer to the
1805:Green, Aliza. (2004) Quirk Books.
14:
1255:. 26 January 2023. Archived from
135:, India and the foothills of the
3283:
3272:
3271:
3260:
3259:
1482:"日本と世界の食事情「こたつでミカン」の光景はなぜ生まれたのか"
1150:
1129:
1064:
1043:
1022:
996:
975:
954:
915:
893:
872:
851:
806:
783:
742:
720:
700:
679:
657:
632:
607:
586:
561:
536:
503:
478:
453:
432:
393:
1435:Misaki, Akira (November 1999).
1190:Japan Agricultural Cooperatives
70:to describe citrus fruits. The
360:Japanese citrus (partial list)
103:that grows wild in Japan. The
1:
2524:Fingered citron/Buddha's hand
1670:(in Japanese). Archived from
248:) was developed around 1700,
2962:Dried lime tea (noomi basra)
1306:"Juiced for a citrus winter"
1412:. p. 6. Archived from
1304:Itoh, Makiko (2014-01-14).
707:'Dekopon' × 'nishinokaori'
270:
227:
80:
3343:
299:Japan usually follows the
292:
3255:
3169:Johann Christoph Volkamer
2878:Orange-flowered oxanthera
2301:Myrtle-leaved orange tree
2291:Midknight Valencia Orange
1793:Classifi cation of Citrus
676:(Japanese bitter orange)
234:
89:
1832:Japanese citrus glossary
1756:
1722:
1694:
1666:
1638:
1610:
1579:
1401:
1369:
1247:
1216:
1184:
449:Bushukan (Buddha's hand)
74:states that a man named
3327:Lists of biota of Japan
3154:Walter Tennyson Swingle
3134:Lena B. Smithers Hughes
2825:Brown River finger lime
332:Walter Tennyson Swingle
3129:Robert Willard Hodgson
2820:Australian finger lime
2336:Palestinian sweet lime
2316:New Zealand grapefruit
93:, Land of immortality)
51:
36:
26:
16:Citrus fruit and plant
3227:List of citrus fruits
2800:Australian round lime
2466:Variegated pink lemon
42:
32:
22:
2883:Large-leaf oxanthera
2795:New Guinea wild lime
1459:Nagashima, Kagoshima
1117:'Kiyomi' × 'Encore'
204:Nagashima, Kagoshima
3191:The Citrus Industry
3174:Herbert John Webber
3033:Orange flower water
2888:Wavy-leaf oxanthera
2086:Fairchild tangerine
1723:国内育成品種の海外への流出状況について
1492:on February 5, 2019
1283:Scientific American
1253:Shizuoka prefecture
728:Citrus kawachiensis
665:Citrus sphaerocarpa
326:, and further into
3232:Mother Orange Tree
2894:Oxanthera brevipes
2854:Clymenia polyandra
2849:Clymenia platypoda
2810:Maiden's wild lime
2805:Russell River lime
2557:Cleopatra mandarin
2416:Smith Red Valencia
2136:Indian wild orange
1787:Citrus Genetics...
1736:on 30 January 2023
1416:on 1 February 2023
1224:on 16 October 2021
1196:on 16 October 2021
1004:Citrus flaviculpus
945:Sakurajima komikan
901:Citrus flaviculpus
834:Citrus natsudaidai
380:name/constituents
281:In Japan, various
268:are also types of
246:Citrus natsudaidai
52:
37:
27:
3299:
3298:
3212:Cold-hardy citrus
3197:Citrus production
2931:Trifoliate orange
2903:
2902:
2871:
2842:
2788:
2766:
2742:
2741:
2654:Hong Kong kumquat
2600:Mountain "citron"
2577:Willowleaf orange
2326:Orangelo/Chironja
2271:Melanesian papeda
2091:Florentine citron
1972:
1674:on 7 October 2022
1646:on 6 October 2022
1587:on 15 August 2022
1346:on April 26, 2019
1165:
1164:
1077:Citrus reticulata
1030:Citrus × depressa
962:Citrus × sinensis
687:Citrus trifoliata
353:Citrus reticulata
289:Japanese taxonomy
95:on the orders of
3334:
3287:
3286:
3275:
3274:
3263:
3262:
3202:Citrus rootstock
3159:Chōzaburō Tanaka
3117:Citrus botanists
2967:Grapefruit juice
2869:
2840:
2815:Mount White lime
2786:
2764:
2757:
2752:wild limes group
2688:Kumquat hybrids
2644:
2549:Mandarin oranges
2396:Satsuma mandarin
2156:Jamaican tangelo
1966:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1819:
1803:
1797:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1764:. Archived from
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1728:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1618:on 16 March 2023
1606:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1556:on June 30, 2021
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1526:on June 30, 2021
1512:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1437:"紀州有田みかんの起源と発達史"
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1410:Ehime Prefecture
1407:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1381:on 17 March 2023
1377:. Archived from
1365:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1345:
1334:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1180:
1154:
1133:
1098:Citrus poonensis
1072:Citrus tachibana
1068:
1047:
1026:
1000:
979:
958:
923:Citrus poonensis
919:
897:
876:
859:Citrus leiocarpa
855:
810:
787:
766:Citrus obovoidea
746:
724:
704:
683:
661:
636:
611:
590:
565:
540:
507:
482:
457:
436:
397:
367:
350:(Tanaka) versus
347:Citrus tangerina
309:Tyôzaburô Tanaka
273:
239:
237:
236:
230:
212:Ehime Prefecture
121:Order of Culture
101:tachibana orange
94:
92:
91:
85:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3322:Lists of plants
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3251:
3222:Japanese citrus
3207:Citrus taxonomy
3178:
3164:Ikuro Takahashi
3139:David Mabberley
3112:
3057:
3008:Calcium citrate
2996:
2947:Calamansi juice
2935:
2913:
2911:
2899:
2870:(former genera)
2868:
2858:
2841:(former genera)
2839:
2829:
2787:(former genera)
2785:
2777:
2765:(former genera)
2763:
2751:
2749:
2738:
2695:Citrofortunella
2689:
2683:
2679:Malayan kumquat
2674:Jiangsu kumquat
2647:Kumquat species
2632:
2609:
2581:
2543:
2539:Yemenite citron
2534:Moroccan citron
2519:Diamante citron
2514:Corsican citron
2495:
2461:Valencia orange
2356:Ponderosa lemon
2226:Kobayashi mikan
2096:Forbidden fruit
2046:Cara cara navel
2006:Bergamot orange
1981:
1980:True and hybrid
1975:
1934:
1930:Ryukyu mandarin
1920:Mountain citron
1910:Mandarin orange
1870:
1865:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1804:
1800:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1768:on 26 July 2021
1760:(in Japanese).
1758:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1581:
1580:みかん？ 中晩柑？ かんきつ？
1577:
1576:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1495:
1493:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1463:chance seedling
1461:. Satsuma is a
1451:on 2002-07-01.
1443:(in Japanese).
1434:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1408:(in Japanese).
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1373:(in Japanese).
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1312:
1310:The Japan Times
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1251:(in Japanese).
1249:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1188:(in Japanese).
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1102:Citrus sinensis
949:mandarin orange
827:Kobayashi mikan
792:Citrus kinokuni
750:Citrus japonica
594:Citrus tamurana
544:Citrus tamurana
379:
371:
362:
301:botanical names
297:
295:Citrus taxonomy
291:
231:
129:
86:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3317:Japanese fruit
3314:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3186:
3184:
3183:Related topics
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:Clément Rodier
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3124:Clara H. Hasse
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2921:
2919:
2909:Related genera
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Celebes papeda
2591:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2481:Xã Đoài orange
2478:
2473:
2471:Volkamer lemon
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2346:Pixie mandarin
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Lemonade fruit
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:Kinkoji unshiu
2203:
2198:
2193:
2191:Kawachi bankan
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Imperial lemon
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:Kumquats group
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1826:External links
1824:
1821:
1820:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1789:Iqrar A. Khan
1779:
1747:
1713:
1702:on 23 May 2023
1685:
1657:
1629:
1598:
1567:
1537:
1507:
1470:
1427:
1392:
1360:
1321:
1296:
1270:
1259:on 23 May 2023
1235:
1207:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:Citrus sudachi
1048:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1001:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:Citrus sulcata
980:
973:
967:
966:
964:
959:
952:
941:
940:
938:
936:
934:
928:
927:
925:
920:
913:
906:
905:
903:
898:
891:
885:
884:
882:
877:
870:
864:
863:
861:
856:
849:
843:
842:
840:
831:
829:
823:
822:
820:
811:
804:
798:
797:
795:
788:
781:
775:
774:
772:
763:
761:
759:Kinkoji unshiu
755:
754:
752:
747:
740:
733:
732:
730:
725:
718:
715:Kawachi Bankan
711:
710:
708:
705:
698:
692:
691:
689:
684:
677:
670:
669:
667:
662:
655:
649:
648:
646:
637:
630:
624:
623:
621:
612:
605:
599:
598:
596:
591:
584:
578:
577:
575:
566:
559:
553:
552:
550:
541:
534:
528:
527:
525:
508:
501:
495:
494:
492:
483:
476:
470:
469:
467:
458:
451:
445:
444:
442:
437:
430:
419:
418:
407:
398:
391:
385:
384:
381:
376:
373:
361:
358:
293:Main article:
290:
287:
128:
125:
97:Emperor Suinin
82:Tokoyo no kuni
50:, Sumo Citrus)
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3339:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3292:
3291:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2745:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Round kumquat
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:Meiwa kumquat
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2605:Ichang papeda
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Balady citron
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:Sweet limetta
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Rhobs el Arsa
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:Nagpur orange
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Limón de Pica
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Bitter orange
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:Mangshanyegan
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Ichang papeda
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1817:1-931686-80-7
1814:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1748:
1732:
1725:
1717:
1714:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1686:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1658:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1630:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1393:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1208:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:Citrus unshiu
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
993:
990:
989:
986:
984:
981:
978:
974:
972:
969:
968:
965:
963:
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
943:
942:
939:
937:
935:
933:
930:
929:
926:
924:
921:
918:
914:
911:
908:
907:
904:
902:
899:
896:
892:
890:
887:
886:
883:
881:
880:Citrus unshiu
878:
875:
871:
869:
866:
865:
862:
860:
857:
854:
850:
848:
845:
844:
841:
839:
835:
832:
830:
828:
825:
824:
821:
819:
815:
814:Citrus unshiu
812:
809:
805:
803:
800:
799:
796:
794:
793:
789:
786:
782:
780:
777:
776:
773:
771:
767:
764:
762:
760:
757:
756:
753:
751:
748:
745:
741:
738:
735:
734:
731:
729:
726:
723:
719:
716:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
699:
697:
694:
693:
690:
688:
685:
682:
678:
675:
672:
671:
668:
666:
663:
660:
656:
654:
651:
650:
647:
645:
641:
638:
635:
631:
629:
626:
625:
622:
620:
616:
613:
610:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
595:
592:
589:
585:
583:
580:
579:
576:
574:
570:
567:
564:
560:
558:
555:
554:
551:
549:
545:
542:
539:
535:
533:
530:
529:
526:
524:
523:
519:
518:
514:
513:Citrus unshiu
509:
506:
502:
500:
497:
496:
493:
491:
487:
484:
481:
477:
475:
472:
471:
468:
466:
465:sarcodactylis
462:
461:Citrus medica
459:
456:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
441:
440:Citrus maxima
438:
435:
431:
428:
424:
421:
420:
416:
412:
408:
406:
402:
399:
396:
392:
390:
387:
386:
382:
377:
374:
369:
368:
365:
359:
357:
355:
354:
349:
348:
343:
342:
341:Citrus unshiu
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
296:
288:
286:
284:
279:
277:
272:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:in 1860, and
251:
247:
243:
229:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Higo Province
197:
196:Citrus unshiu
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
126:
124:
122:
118:
114:
113:
112:Kokin Wakashū
108:
107:
102:
98:
84:
83:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:
59:
58:
49:
45:
41:
35:
31:
25:
21:
3288:
3276:
3264:
3221:
3189:
3149:Robert Soost
3101:Phytophthora
3081:CTV/Tristeza
2987:Yuja-hwachae
2982:Orange juice
2924:
2915:
2892:
2863:
2834:
2782:
2760:
2719:Mandarinquat
2709:Citrangequat
2664:Oval kumquat
2529:Greek citron
2341:Persian lime
2201:Khasi papeda
2151:Jaffa orange
2066:Coorg orange
2026:Blood orange
1969:sweet orange
1806:
1801:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1757:温州ミカン品種別栽培面積
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1731:the original
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:the original
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:the original
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1644:the original
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:the original
1589:. Retrieved
1585:the original
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1549:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:the original
1519:
1510:
1501:
1494:. Retrieved
1490:the original
1485:
1452:
1449:the original
1444:
1440:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1414:the original
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1379:the original
1363:
1355:
1348:. Retrieved
1341:the original
1336:
1324:
1313:. Retrieved
1309:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1285:. 2023-10-11
1282:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:the original
1226:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1194:the original
1178:
1166:
1158:Citrus junos
1157:
1136:
1101:
1097:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1050:
1029:
1007:
1003:
982:
961:
922:
912:(Tangerine)
900:
879:
858:
837:
833:
817:
813:
790:
769:
765:
749:
727:
686:
664:
643:
639:
618:
614:
593:
572:
568:
547:
543:
522:C. poonensis
516:
512:
510:
489:
485:
464:
460:
439:
404:
400:
363:
351:
345:
339:
298:
280:
245:
224:
206:) in Japan.
195:
189:
154:
130:
110:
104:
71:
61:
55:
53:
47:
3217:Hesperidium
3013:Citric acid
2783:Microcitrus
2773:Desert lime
2761:Eromocitrus
2724:Procimequat
2567:Nanfengmiju
2476:Winged lime
2456:Tsunonozomi
2431:Sweet lemon
2426:Suruga yuko
2411:Shonan Gold
2381:Rough lemon
2281:Meyer lemon
2216:Kishu mikan
2176:Kakadu lime
2101:Ginger lime
2001:Assam lemon
1900:Kaffir lime
1486:Narumi Sato
1137:Citrus yuko
1111:Tsunonozomi
992:Shonan gold
951:cultivar),
847:Koji orange
717:(Mishokan)
548:natsudaidai
405:natsudaidai
192:unshu mikan
157:prefectures
149:kishu mikan
143:, kunembo,
72:Nihon Shoki
63:Nihon Shoki
3306:Categories
3278:Production
3071:Black spot
3038:Orange oil
2750:and Papuan
2748:Australian
2126:Hyuganatsu
2121:Heen naran
2061:Clementine
2031:Byeonggyul
2021:Blood lime
1949:Grapefruit
1811:Page 109.
1455:Dr. Tanaka
1370:特集1 みかん(1)
1315:2023-09-12
1217:日本の柑橘史 その2
1185:日本の柑橘史 その1
1170:References
739:(Kumquat)
582:Hyuganatsu
429:cultivar)
411:grapefruit
242:natsumikan
216:Edo period
76:Tajimamori
3106:citricola
3096:Mal secco
3086:Exocortis
2914:properly
2865:Oxanthera
2704:Calamansi
2572:Tachibana
2446:Tangerine
2406:Shangjuan
2331:Oroblanco
2286:Micrantha
2171:Kaji Nemu
2056:Citrumelo
2011:Bizzarria
1983:cultivars
1289:27 August
1082:tachibana
1060:Tachibana
1017:Shikuwasa
674:Karatachi
378:Taxonomic
328:varieties
283:cultivars
271:tyūbankan
256:in 1886.
228:tyūbankan
220:Meiji era
169:Tokushima
137:Himalayas
106:Man'yōshū
48:Hallabong
24:Tachibana
3266:Category
3237:Orangery
3091:Greening
3063:Diseases
3043:Orangeat
3023:Limonene
3018:Lemonene
3001:Products
2992:Yuja tea
2972:Lemonade
2926:Poncirus
2912:(perhaps
2836:Clymenia
2734:Yuzuquat
2714:Limequat
2638:Kumquats
2628:Dangyuja
2623:Banpeiyu
2562:Shīkwāsā
2391:Sanbokan
2311:Nasnaran
2276:Melogold
2196:Key lime
2051:Citrange
2041:Cam sành
1996:Amanatsu
1560:June 30,
1530:June 30,
1496:June 30,
1350:June 30,
971:Sanbokan
818:sinensis
517:sinensis
423:Banpeiyu
389:Amanatsu
372:name(s)
305:taxonomy
181:Miyazaki
165:Shizuoka
161:Wakayama
3290:Commons
3048:Succade
2977:Limeade
2957:Curaçao
2729:Sunquat
2615:Pomelos
2587:Papedas
2501:Citrons
2441:Tangelo
2421:Sudachi
2386:Samuyao
2366:Rangpur
2321:Ōgonkan
2296:Murcott
2266:Mandora
2261:Mandelo
2236:Komikan
2111:Hassaku
2076:Dekopon
2036:Biasong
1941:hybrids
1877:species
1611:中晩柑とは…？
1466:Mikan.)
1248:かんきつの歴史
1039:Sudachi
889:Ōgonkan
573:hassaku
557:Hassaku
499:Dekopon
336:Florida
324:species
303:of the
276:dekopon
250:hassaku
202:(later
127:History
117:kimonos
44:Dekopon
3312:Citrus
3076:Canker
3028:Neroli
2952:Chūhai
2940:Drinks
2916:Citrus
2451:Tangor
2401:Setoka
2371:Reikou
2361:Ponkan
2351:Pompia
2241:Laraha
2221:Kiyomi
2211:Kinnow
2186:Kanpei
2166:Kabosu
2161:Kabbad
2146:Jabara
2141:Iyokan
2116:Hebesu
2106:Haruka
2081:Encore
2071:Daidai
1991:Alemow
1964:Orange
1939:Major
1925:Pomelo
1890:Citron
1868:Citrus
1815:
1772:23 May
1740:23 May
1706:23 May
1678:23 May
1650:23 May
1622:23 May
1591:23 May
1420:23 May
1402:みかんの歴史
1385:23 May
1263:23 May
1228:23 May
1200:23 May
1091:Tankan
932:Reikou
910:Ponkan
838:unshiu
802:Kiyomi
770:unshiu
737:Kinkan
696:Kanpei
653:Kabosu
644:jabara
640:Citrus
628:Jabara
615:Citrus
603:Iyokan
569:Citrus
532:Haruka
490:daidai
486:Citrus
474:Daidai
427:pomelo
415:oblate
401:Citrus
383:Notes
375:Image
370:Common
320:citrus
313:hybrid
266:Kanpei
262:Setoka
258:Kiyomi
254:iyokan
147:, and
145:daidai
57:Kojiki
34:Iyokan
2640:group
2256:Lumia
2181:Kalpi
1954:Lemon
1875:True
1734:(PDF)
1727:(PDF)
1639:ナツミカン
1441:経済理論
1406:(PDF)
1344:(PDF)
1333:(PDF)
1125:Yukou
1080:var.
868:Mikan
779:Kishu
463:var.
334:from
322:into
317:genus
307:from
185:Ehime
173:Kochi
133:Assam
68:Japan
3053:Zest
2491:Yuzu
2486:Yūkō
2231:Koji
1959:Lime
1813:ISBN
1774:2023
1742:2023
1708:2023
1680:2023
1667:ハッサク
1652:2023
1624:2023
1593:2023
1562:2021
1532:2021
1498:2021
1422:2023
1387:2023
1352:2021
1291:2024
1265:2023
1230:2023
1202:2023
1146:Yuzu
413:and
344:and
264:and
183:and
177:Oita
141:Yuzu
90:常世の国
60:and
54:The
1695:伊予柑
1445:292
1074:or
619:iyo
235:中晩柑
159:of
3308::
1601:^
1570:^
1548:.
1518:.
1500:.
1473:^
1354:.
1335:.
1308:.
1281:.
1238:^
1100:×
1006:×
836:×
816:×
768:×
642:×
617:×
571:×
546:×
520:×
515:×
488:×
403:×
274:.
260:,
210:,
187:.
179:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
163:,
123:.
2929:/
2918:)
2697:)
2692:×
2690:(
1971:)
1967:(
1860:e
1853:t
1846:v
1776:.
1744:.
1710:.
1682:.
1654:.
1626:.
1595:.
1564:.
1534:.
1424:.
1389:.
1318:.
1293:.
1267:.
1232:.
1204:.
947:(
425:(
244:(
238:)
232:(
194:(
87:(
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
