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343:. Shiva marries Manasa to Jaratkara. Chandi does not want Manasa to have a happy married life and thus asks her to wear serpent ornaments on her wedding night. While Manasa sleeps in peace, Jaratkara stays awake in fear of the snakes. In the middle of the night, Chandi throws a frog in the room, which causes the snakes to hiss and swarm around the room in pursuit of the frog. A terrified Jaratkara runs away from the house and hides in a conch in the ocean. Further, he becomes scared of the snake goddess and refuses to stay with her. However, he spends a few nights with her and impregnates her and thus performs his "husbandly duty".
213:) that was holding them steadily being eaten by a rat. The manes cursed Jaratkaru's foolishness to be an ascetic and end his lineage of the Yayavaras. They begged him to marry and beget children so that they could attain heaven. While Jaratkaru resented the idea of taking a wife initially, he agrees to the following conditions: He will only take a virgin with the same name as his, who is given as alms to him by her family, notwithstanding his poverty. He moves ahead on his journey, having given this promise to his forebears. The second
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The "great ascetic" has wandered the world and visited various pilgrimage spots and sacred bodies of water. He has even renounced food and sleep, and survives only on air. He has become old. Once on his journey, he saw his emaciated ancestors hanging upside down with their heads in a hole that led to
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narrates that
Jaratkaru was born in the lineage of the Yayavara Brahmanas and was the only heir of the clan. The etymology of his name is explained in the epic. Jara means "consumption" and Karu is "monstrous"; the sage had a huge body, which he reduced (consumed) by austerities. Thus, he was called
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continues in its longer telling: Soon after
Jaratkaru impregnates his wife, the fatigued sage sleeps upon his wife's lap. As sunset nears, and it is time for evening worship, Manasa faces the dilemma whether to disturb the peaceful slumber of her husband, or let him sleep, and thus, risk him losing
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Vasuki emerges and offers his younger sister Manasa to the sage, who accepts her after cross-checking with his criteria. Vasuki also promises to support Manasa. After the marriage, Jaratkaru lives in the abode of the serpents with his new wife. Jaratkaru warns his new wife that he would abandon her
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if he does not procreate. The marriage fails, with hardly any emotional bond between the couple. Jaratkaru finally forsakes Manasa when she wakes him up from his deep slumber, and he feels insulted. However, he blesses Manasa before leaving who gives birth to Astika in his absence. Little is known
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flame. The sage is enraged, and feels insulted. He says that the sun would not dare to set before he performs his rituals. He forsakes her, though the "innocent" wife begs his pardon and justifies her decision. She reveals to him the true purpose of their marriage, the birth of their son –
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Jaratkaru oversleeps and misses the time of his morning rituals. The agitated sage threatens to banish Manasa to the hell for disobedient wives. The Sun steps in and placates the sage, praising him as a powerful sage, but Jaratkaru has made up his mind to abandon his wife. The god
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Little is told about the sage after his exit from Manasa's life and the main story. In due course, a son named Astika is born to the couple. Astika stops the sacrifice of
Janamejaya and rescues the serpents. The ancestors reach heaven as Jaratkaru did procreate. The first telling in the
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The poor and aged sage wanders the world in vain in search of a bride but does not find a suitable one. Once, in the forest, recalling the promise to his manes, he prays three times for a bride. In the second version, he cries out loud in frustration and sorrow over his futile efforts.
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saviour of the serpents – and asks him to wait until that purpose is fulfilled. The sage assures her that his seed is in her, and that she would deliver a learned son. Jaratkaru leaves to perform his austerities again, never to return again to his family.
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Brahma intervenes and states that it will be inappropriate to abandon her, unless he grants her a child. Jaratkaru touches Manasa's abdomen and impregnates her. Then he departs, foretelling that Manasa will give birth to a renowned sage.
252:. Brahma prophesied that the son of Jaratkaru and Manasa would stop the sacrifice, rescuing the serpents. Vasuki has also appointed serpents to keep a watch on the sage and report back to him when the sage decides to marry.
240:, Vasuki has planned the marriage of his younger sister (known as Manasa in later texts) to Jaratkaru, the great seer in order to counter the curse given by the mother of the snakes,
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the merit of the obligatory worship. She weighs her options, and chooses the former. She whispers in his ears to awaken him, so that he may perform his ablutions and light the
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and his home if she ever displeases him, so she serves her eccentric husband dutifully. In due course, Jaratkaru unites with Manasa, making her pregnant.
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version adds two additional conditions: that the namesake woman should marry him of her own free will, and that he will not support his wife.
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Jaratkara (Jaratkaru) abandons his wife on their wedding night itself. Manasa is a daughter of the god
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Puranic
Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
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Jaratkaru is described as a great learned sage who practises severe asceticism. Though he wants to remain
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J. A. B. van
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In the first, shorter telling, Jaratkaru is described as being as powerful as a
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Manasa with her husband
Jaratkaru (left) & son Astika (right) flanked by
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Jaratkaru appears in the tales of Astika and Manasa in the Hindu scriptures
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Offering
Flowers, Feeding Skulls: Popular Goddess Worship in West Benegal
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says that after a long life, Jaratkaru dies and also attains
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The
Mahabharata, Volume 1: Book 1: The Book of the Beginning
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372:www.wisdomlib.org (29 September 2010).
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462:The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva
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323:(1495) by
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182:Prajapati
174:Adi Parva
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422:(1975).
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