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631:) is a Cambodian Jew's harp. It is a folk instrument made of bamboo and carved into a long, flat shape with a hole in the center and the tongue across the hole. There is also a metal variety, more round or tree-leaf shaped. It may also have metal bells attached. The instrument is both a wind instrument and percussion instrument. As a wind instrument, it is placed against the mouth, which acts as a resonator and tool to alter the sound. Although mainly a folk instrument, better-made examples exist. While the instrument was thought to be the invention of children herding cattle, it is sometimes used in public performance, to accompany the
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433:, dating back about 4000 years ago. The earliest depiction of somebody playing what seems to be a Jew's harp is a Chinese drawing from the 3rd century BCE. Archaeological finds of surviving examples in Europe have been claimed to be almost as old, but those dates have been challenged both on the grounds of excavation techniques, and the lack of contemporary writing or pictures mentioning the instrument.
5419:
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index finger in two ways, i.e., by lifting it or lowering it: but it is easier to strike it by raising it, which is why the extremity, C, is slightly curved, so that the finger is not injured ... Many people play this instrument. When the tongue is made to vibrate, a buzzing is heard which imitates that of bees, wasps, and flies ... several Jew's harps of various sizes, a curious harmony is produced.
576:
386:"The lower harmonics of the series cannot be obtained, owing to the limited capacity of the resonating cavity. The black notes on the stave show the scale which may be produced by using two harps, one tuned a fourth above the other. The player on the Jew's harp, in order to isolate the harmonics, frames his mouth as though intending to pronounce the various vowels." See:
38:
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as "lacking any supporting evidence." The OED says that, "more or less satisfactory reasons may be conjectured: e.g. that the instrument was actually made, sold, or imported to
England by Jewish people, or purported to be so; or that it was attributed to Jewish people, suggesting the trumps and harps
326:, greatly increasing the volume of the instrument. The teeth must be parted sufficiently for the reed to vibrate freely, and the fleshy parts of the mouth should not come into contact with the reed to prevent damping of the vibrations and possible pain. The note or tone thus produced is constant in
583:
Brass murchangs are manufactured from ancient Indian manufacturing style brass metal casting. Brass molding is a process of shaping brass, into desired shapes using a mold. The brass is heated to a molten state and then poured or forced into the mold, where it cools and solidifies into the desired
437:
Although this instrument is used by lackeys and people of the lower class, this does not mean it is not worthy of consideration by better minds ... The trump is grasped while its extremity is placed between the teeth in order to play it and make it sound ... Now one may strike the tongue with the
482:, which roughly translates as 'mouth drum'. The name "Jew's Harp" first appears in 1481 in a customs account book under the name "Jue harpes". The "jaw" variant is attested at least as early as 1774 and 1809, the "juice" variant appearing only in the late 19th and 20th centuries.
1743:... these bamboo Jew's harps are easy to hold and may be longer lasting due to being made of thicker material than many other similar instruments. Held against the lips, they are easy to play and offer the same full, percussive sound as the "Kubings."
860:
In
Turkish, the Jew's harp is called as ağız kopuzu. The Jew's harp traditionally used in Turkish folk songs from Anatolia has fallen out of use with time. Modern renditions of Turkish folk songs with the Jew's harp have been done by artists such as
313:
Jew's harps may be categorized as idioglot or heteroglot (whether or not the frame and the tine are one piece); by the shape of the frame (rod or plaque); by the number of tines, and whether the tines are plucked, joint-tapped, or string-pulled.
565:
Production of
Mollner jew's harps. Work steps: (A) Bending the square metal wire, (B) cutting, hammering and hardening the vibrating tongue, (C) hammering the parts together with the dengel hammer, (D) assembling the jew's harps according to
375:
464:. The apparent reference to Jewish people is especially misleading since it "has nothing to do with the Jewish people; neither does it look like a harp in its structure and appearance". In Sicilian it is translated as
535:
mentioned in the Bible, and hence considered a good commercial name." Although the OED states that "the association of the instrument with Jewish people occurs, so far as is known, only in
English", the term
1456:
971:, and orchestra between 1769 and 1771. Four of them have survived, in the keys of F major, E-flat major, E major, and D major. They are based on the special use of the Jew's harp in Austrian folk music.
816:
is made of iron, usually with a length of 100–200 mm and with a width of approximately 2–7 mm. The range of the instrument varies with the size of the instrument but generally hovers around an
1005:(1802–1890) "invented a system of playing four at once, connecting them by silken strings in such a way that he could clasp all four with the lips, and strike all the four springs at the same time".
4987:
145:
919:, the Jew's harp is commonly known as marranzanu, but other names include angalarruni, calarruni, gangalarruni, ganghilarruni, mariolu, mariolu di fera, marranzana, and ngannalarruni.
398:
1403:
4138:
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The frame is held firmly against the performer's parted teeth or lips (depending on the type), using the mouth (plus the throat and lungs when breathing freely) as a
975:
In the experimental period at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century there were very virtuoso instrumentalists on the mouth harp. Thus, for example,
2122:
558:
are made in many metals but mainly in brass, iron, copper and silver. Different types of construction art are used for the construction of
Morchang in each metal.
1460:
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was able to mount up to ten mouth harps on a support disc. He called the instrument "Aura". Each mouth harp was tuned to different basic tones, which made even
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are exceptionally proficient on the instrument and it is quite popular among children, although some adults continue to play the instrument.
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opposes the French idiom, where "if two substantives are joined together, the qualifying noun is invariably the last". He refers to the
5443:
3565:
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1842:
2136:"For example, there is a carving of a centaur playing a jaw harp in the Basel Münster. Musiconis Database. Université Paris-Sorbonne"
1395:
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2629:
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2563:
2509:
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2558:. Mezhdunarodnyi tsentr khomusnoi (vargannoi) muzyki. Pokrovsk: S.S. Shishigin/Ministerstvo kul'tury Respubliki Sakha (IAkutiia).
5212:
4942:
4476:
3905:
2718:
1787:(1999). South Asia : The Indian Subcontinent. Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 5. Publisher: Routledge; Har/Com.
1018:
2453:. Selected, edited, and translated by Leonard Fox. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press; London: Associated University Presses;
1994:
4660:
3186:
1365:"Review of Portugal e o mundo: o encontro de culturas na música / Portugal and the World: The Encounter of Cultures in Music"
186:
643:
The instrument is used as part of the rhythm section in various styles of Indian folk and classical music. Most notably the
187:
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3052:
2209:
5453:
5222:
3171:
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2686:
936:
330:, though by changing the shape of the mouth, and the amount of air contained in it (and in some traditions closing the
5267:
4469:
2428:
Emsheimer, Ernst (1941). "Über das
Vorkommen und die Anwendungsart der Maultrommel in Sibirien und Zentralasien". In:
796:
476:; both of which are derogatory terms for Jewish people also found in Italian and Spanish. In German, it is known as
51:
Jew's harp, jaw harp, mouth harp, Ozark harp, juice harp, murchunga, guimbarde, mungiga, vargan, trompe, isitolotolo
5412:
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976:
904:
530:
2312:
Wells, David (2009). "Black
Sabbath (1970)". Black Sabbath (CD Booklet). Black Sabbath. Sanctuary Records Group.
5361:
4093:
2425:. Preface by Gilbert Rouget. Published by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle and l'Institut d'ethnologie.
1041:
Sound
Demonstration and Spectrum of the Molln Jew's Harp (Austria) - Alternating Technique on the Notes C, D, G
2171:
2102:
2504:. Orpheus-Schriftenreihe zu Grundfragen der Musik, Bd. 64. Bonn: Verlag für Systematische Musikwissenschaft;
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1968:"TÜRK MÛSİKÎ ÇALGILARININ VE ROMAN KÜLTÜRÜNDEKİ ÇALGI GELENEĞİNİN POSTA PULLARI ÜZERİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ"
357:
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4771:
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3414:
3101:
2794:
1777:. Kingdom of Cambodia: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. pp. 146–147.
980:
237:
903:). In Sindhi music, it can be an accompaniment or the main instrument. One of the most famous players is
5242:
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4932:
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4014:
3329:
3037:
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2135:
1079:
364:, each harmonic in succession can be isolated and reinforced, giving the instrument the compass shown."
353:
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Gli
Scacciapensieri Strumenti Musicali dell'Armonia Internazionali, Interculturali, Interdisciplinari
1002:
956:
Early representations of Jew's harps have appeared in
Western churches since the fourteenth century.
830:
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3275:
3151:
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3007:
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2758:
2741:
2378:. IAkutsk: Akademiia nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe otd-nie, IAkutskii filial, In-t iazyka, lit-ry i istorii.
2242:
1843:
https://web.archive.org/web/20150620150926/http://russia-ic.com/culture_art/music/939/#.WHCF67GZOHs
1074:
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in that the tongue (or twanger) extends beyond the frame, thus giving the instrument more sustain.
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777:. It is a wind instrument played by blowing the air without tuning the node with fingers. The
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291:
1909:
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403:
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2183:
Accordion: Handbuch eines Instruments, seiner historischen Entwicklung un seiner Literature
1808:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments: From All Eras and Regions of the World
1695:"Ancient building style of jews harp | morchang | morsing | best jews harp | best morchang"
1604:
1209:
1094:
294:
attached to a frame. Despite the colloquial name, the Jew's harp most likely originated in
93:
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5217:
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648:
443:
303:
178:
2446:. Selected, edited, and translated by Leonard Fox. Charleston, South Carolina: L. Fox.
2400:. Volksmuziekinstrumenten in Belgie en in Nederland. Brussel: La Renaissance du Livre.
605:
5437:
5280:
5166:
5072:
5062:
4957:
4849:
4834:
4461:
4430:
4273:
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3784:
3683:
3550:
3518:
3374:
3295:
3121:
2941:
2819:
2802:
2665:
2541:
2416:
Vierundzwanzigsteljahrsschrift der Internationalen Maultrommelvirtuosengenossenschaft
1061:
849:
837:
822:
676:
672:
327:
307:
2405:
Vierundzwanzigsteljahrschrift der Internationalen Maultrommelvirtuosengenossenschaft
1676:
249:
5356:
5295:
5186:
5145:
5012:
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4009:
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3738:
3703:
3678:
3663:
3161:
2997:
2772:
2659:
1009:
279:
222:
63:
2624:. Beijing: Xin Shi Jie Chu Ban She: Xin Hua Shu Dian Beijing Fa Xing Suo Fa Xing;
2329:
1598:
1045:
The Jew's harp has been used occasionally in rock and country music. For example:
1806:
862:
761:
musical tradition from Malingo. It is popular in the Eastern Himalayan region of
185:
143:
5351:
5346:
5077:
5047:
4829:
4741:
4731:
4560:
4425:
4383:
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4187:
4167:
4150:
4004:
3999:
3794:
3196:
3166:
3111:
3073:
3017:
2865:
2656:(instructions with sound examples and remarks on the functioning of Jew's harps)
2466:
The Jews Harp: A Select List of References With Library of Congress Call Numbers
2407:, vol. 1 (1982). With: "The Jew's Harp in Colonial America," by Brian L. Mihura.
1522:
1168:
1156:
1150:
1135:
1049:
812:
387:
2403:
Crane, Frederick (1982). "Jew's (jaw's? jeu? jeugd? gewgaw? juice?) harp." In:
1457:"Mysterious carvings and evidence of human sacrifice uncovered in ancient city"
5181:
5171:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4182:
4160:
4121:
3595:
3265:
2961:
2927:
2922:
2889:
2044:
1694:
1561:
1486:
1162:
770:
575:
199:
157:
1979:
1380:
352:, "The vibrations of the steel tongue produce a compound sound composed of a
5191:
4630:
4405:
4343:
4298:
4236:
3806:
3668:
3486:
3221:
2643:
1290:
1249:
1238:
1120:
1116:
964:
680:
656:
323:
2884:
2196:
The Romance of Invention: Vignettes from the Annals of Industry and Science
1541:
497:. Wedgwood, an English etymologist, wrote in 1855 that the derivation from
2435:
Emsheimer, Ernst (1964). "Maultrommeln in Sibirien und Zentralasien." In:
1396:"This Recently Discovered 1,700-Year-Old Mouth Harp Can Still Hold a Tune"
1001:, could play two Jew's harps at once, while the also well known performer
584:
shape. Brass molding is often used to create intricate or complex shapes.
37:
5176:
4541:
4533:
4420:
4373:
4316:
4205:
3968:
3888:
3811:
3774:
3257:
3047:
3027:
3002:
1854:
1089:
841:
671:. A Jew's harp was excavated in a 9th-century burial mound in Idelbayev,
622:
335:
2599:
2550:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 411.
1364:
868:
17:
4568:
4564:
4553:
4440:
4415:
4398:
4393:
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4311:
3882:
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1140:
1125:
1098:
968:
928:
758:
644:
555:
426:
331:
295:
108:
103:
2653:
2123:
Intangible Cultural Heritage in Austria: Jew's Harp Playing in Austria
1600:
Things Not Generally Known: Popular Errors Explained & Illustrated
696:
5196:
4549:
4545:
4514:
4410:
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3527:
3022:
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1265:
1243:
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1103:
932:
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632:
491:
meaning 'toy trumpet'. The current French word for the instrument is
339:
287:
98:
4645:
1730:
778:
743:
711:
701:
4608:
4435:
3877:
3801:
2648:
1204:
1029:
867:
762:
695:
604:
591:
574:
560:
430:
409:
397:
366:
283:
2671:
2162:, Amazon CD Listing (Munich Chamber Orchestra, December 19, 1992)
1638:
1636:
485:
It has also been suggested that the name derives from the French
4625:
4192:
2590:
Wright, Michael (2008). "The Jew's Harp in the Law, 1590–1825".
1111:
876:
216:
4649:
4465:
4089:
2675:
2248:
Louise Brooks, Frank Zappa, & Other Charmers & Dreamers
2125:(archived version at the Internet Archive from October 3, 2015)
2468:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, Archive of Folk Song.
2323:
1574:
Miscellaneous and Fugitive pieces, vol. 3, Johnson et al. 1774
1872:. Cologne: Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. pp. 94–101.
1868:
Nikolova, Ivanka; Davey, Laura; Dean, Geoffrey, eds. (2000).
675:. The Jew's harp was banned in the USSR during the regime of
79:(Heteroglot guimbarde (the lamella is attached to the frame))
752:
721:
167:
125:
1523:"LÉXICO - ETIMOLOGIAS - ORIGEN DE LAS PALABRAS - MARRANO"
1487:"Jew's harp origin history | Glazyrin's jew's harps"
2482:. BAR International series, 1500. Oxford: Archaeopress;
402:
Angel playing a Jew's harp at the Minstrels' Gallery at
2348:
1159:, a one-string harp that is played with mouth resonance
2412:
A History of the Trump in Pictures: Europe and America
2421:
Dournon-Taurelle, Geneviève, and John Wright (1978).
706:, unknown maker. Length: 11 centimetres (4.3 in)
2439:(Stockholm: Musikhistoriska museet, pp. 13–27).
892:
5339:
5266:
5205:
5159:
5106:
4981:
4868:
4780:
4692:
4618:
4597:
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3438:
3392:
3357:
3337:
3328:
3255:
3242:
3072:
2921:
2863:
2850:
2732:
2383:
De gedachtenverdrijver: de historie van de mondharp
1870:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments
1857:. Kathmandu: Nepali Folk Musical Instrument Museum.
1438:"Ancient musical instruments unearthed in NW China"
667:In Russia, the instrument has its own brand called
460:There are many theories for the origin of the name
116:
83:
71:
55:
47:
2214:. Associated University Presses, Inc. p. 33.
1119:, a Sundanese traditional musical instrument from
1052:'s multi-part piece "Parthenogenesis" from their
2385:. Hadewijch wereldmuziek. Antwerpen: Hadewijch;
2374:Alekseev, Ivan, and E. I. Okoneshnikov (1988).
1481:
1479:
935:has included Austrian Jew's harp playing in its
865:in the song 'Dolama Dolamayı' and Ravan Yuzkhan.
1996:The Harvard Dictionary of Music: Fourth Edition
1805:Abrashev, B.; Radevsky, A.; Gadjev, V. (2000).
1768:Khean, Yun; Dorivan, Keo; Lina, Y; Lenna, Mao.
973:
927:Austrian Jew's harp music uses typical Western
518:Both theories—that the name is a corruption of
435:
2662:from Pat Missin's free reed instrument website
1966:Ayci̇l, Serkan; Çubukcu, Gökçin (2022-03-30).
710:In Nepal, one type of Jew's harp is named the
471:
465:
425:In 2018, over 20 jaw harps were discovered in
4661:
4477:
4101:
2687:
1110:(especially women) while singing and dancing
8:
943:
898:
597:
536:
523:
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
477:
30:
1771:Traditional Musical Instruments of Cambodia
1716:
1714:
1424:
948:(the literal translation is 'mouth drum').
626:
4668:
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4594:
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4086:
3634:
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3252:
3248:
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2856:
2694:
2680:
2672:
2495:Sa Trumba. Armomia tra telarzu e limbeddhu
2396:Boone, Hubert, and René de Maeyer (1986).
1165:, a village in which trumps were once made
783:is six inches long and one inch in width.
2451:The Jew's Harp: A Comprehensive Anthology
2444:The Jew's Harp: A Comprehensive Anthology
2211:The Jew's Harp: A Comprehensive Anthology
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1149:, a traditional bamboo instrument of the
2620:Yuan, Bingchang, and Jizeng Mao (1986).
2160:Albrechtsberger: Concerto for Jew's Harp
1627:Transactions of the Philological Society
1187:Other names for the instrument include
360:. By using the cavity of the mouth as a
3232:List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours
1943:"Hopeful Sound of the Wind: Mouth Harp"
1355:
1180:
942:In Austria, the instrument is known as
2594:9.3 pp. 349–371; ISSN 0531-9684.
967:—wrote seven concerti for Jew's harp,
197:
155:
29:
2607:The Jew's Harp in Britain and Ireland
2103:"Sicilian Item of the day:Marranzano"
1459:. National Geographic. Archived from
988:Walter Maurer, translated from German
963:—chiefly known today as a teacher of
334:), the performer can cause different
282:instrument, consisting of a flexible
179:Kamus, instrument of the Altai people
42:A novelty Jew’s harp sold in the U.S.
7:
2437:Studia ethnomusicologica eurasiatica
1914:. Theodore Front Music. p. 20.
5449:Heteroglot guimbardes and jaw harps
3058:Other troubadours and trobairitz...
2622:Zhongguo Shao Shu Min Zu Yue Qi Zhi
2480:Jew's Harps in European Archaeology
2376:Iskusstvo igry na iakutskom khomuse
1884:"Folk musical Instruments Of Nepal"
1832:Jew's Harps in European Archaeology
1012:wrote a part for Jew's harp in the
899:
726:). It is very similar to an Indian
2423:Les Guimbardes du Musée de l'homme
1097:, another kind of Jew's harp from
306:origin. It has no relation to the
25:
2668:Demos, photos, folktale, and text
2473:New Technologies for Yakut Khomus
2185:, p.19. Vienna: Edition Harmonia.
1153:of Japan, similar to a Jew's harp
1106:, a similar instrument played by
757:) is a bamboo Jew's harp, in the
5417:
5408:
5407:
4943:Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
4068:
4059:
4058:
2578:Mel Bay's Fun With the Jaws Harp
2502:Kulturgeschichte der Maultrommel
2328:
2285:. Blind Owl Blues. p. 159.
1665:. Oxford University Press. 1989.
1644:"Université Laval - Déconnexion"
1543:JEWS-HARP IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND
1406:from the original on 5 July 2023
1394:Katz, Brigit (23 January 2018).
1019:A Symphony: New England Holidays
891:music, the Jew's harp is called
655:in the lok geet (folk music) of
371:The range of a tenor Jew's harp
298:, specifically in or around the
248:
236:
215:
198:Problems playing this file? See
183:
156:Problems playing this file? See
141:
36:
2649:How to play and make jew's harp
2279:Winters, Rebecca Davis (2007).
2057:from the original on 2021-11-11
1677:"jødeharpe — Den Danske Ordbog"
1134:, a bamboo Jew's harp from the
137:Munniharppu, Finnish instrument
73:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
2666:Demir-xomus (Tuvan Jew's Harp)
2497:. Solinas Edition, Nuoro (IT).
2105:. Siciliamo (blog). 2007-08-10
1723:"Cambodian Bamboo Jew's Harps"
550:Manufacture of Indian morchang
377:Play range as string harmonics
1:
4686:List of Renaissance composers
3053:William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
2464:Gallmann, Matthew S. (1977).
609:Woman playing the Rajasthani
2609:. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate;
2478:Kolltveit, Gjermund (2006).
2432:(Stockholm), nos 3–4 (1941).
2320:General and cited references
1999:. Harvard University Press.
1661:"Jews' trump, Jew's-trump".
1648:Oed-com.acces.bibl.ulaval.ca
937:Intangible Cultural Heritage
922:
5459:Chinese musical instruments
2724:List of musical instruments
2076:Dieli, Art (May 29, 2011).
1505:"Etimologia : Marrano"
1085:Traditional music of Sicily
997:(1761–1831), discovered by
923:Austrian Jew's harp playing
893:
797:Music in the Sakha Republic
779:
744:
712:
702:
509:derivation, but not to the
5480:
5316:Petrus Phalesius the Elder
5131:English Virginalist School
2654:How to play the jew's harp
2414:. A special supplement to
1993:Apel, Willi (2003-11-28).
1974:(in Turkish) (39): 44–57.
833:in two or three parts. An
793:Music in the Tuva Republic
790:
415:Young Man with joodse harp
5444:Early musical instruments
5387:
5098:Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck
4683:
4243:Music On A Long Thin Wire
4146:
4132:
4040:
3586:Matheus de Sancto Johanne
3581:Johannes Symonis Hasprois
3512:
3324:
3251:
3227:Galician-Portuguese lyric
3172:Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras
3087:Andrieu Contredit d'Arras
2859:
2709:
2554:Shishigin, S. S. (1994).
2418:. Mount Pleasant, Iowa: .
2410:Crane, Frederick (2003).
2251:. BookBaby. p. 155.
1911:Kirgiz Instrumental Music
1811:. Könemann. p. 136.
1663:Oxford English Dictionary
1363:Sandroni, Carlos (2001).
977:Johann Heinrich Scheibler
753:
722:
635:music in public dancing.
627:
531:Oxford English Dictionary
338:to sound and thus create
121:
90:
35:
4139:Hornbostel–Sachs numbers
3616:Antonio Zacara da Teramo
2605:Wright, Michael (2015).
2515:Mercurio, Paolo (2013).
2493:Mercurio, Paolo (1998).
1540:WRIGHT, MICHAEL (2020).
840:is possible, or even an
787:Turkic traditional music
679:due to its closeness to
541:is also used in Danish.
5126:English Madrigal School
3142:Gillebert de Berneville
2719:List of music theorists
2547:Encyclopædia Britannica
2194:Burnley, James (1886).
2181:Maurer, Walter (1983).
1281:(Austria and Germany),
952:Western classical music
829:pieces were notated by
651:of South India, or the
596:Man playing the Slovak
472:
466:
348:Encyclopædia Britannica
27:Lamellophone instrument
4968:Tomás Luis de Victoria
4772:Oswald von Wolkenstein
4220:Long-string instrument
3415:Gherardello da Firenze
3102:Le Chastelain de Couci
2895:Philippe le Chancelier
2500:Plate, Regina (1992).
2471:Gotovtsev, Innokenty.
1623:"On False Etymologies"
1455:Larmer, Brook (2020).
1042:
1008:The American composer
991:
961:Johann Albrechtsberger
959:The Austrian composer
944:
879:
707:
613:
602:
598:
580:
567:
537:
528:—are described by the
524:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
478:
453:
422:
407:
383:
172:
130:
4988:Transition to Baroque
4933:Pierre de Manchicourt
3724:Johannes de Garlandia
3038:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
2571:Kulakovsky and Khomus
2569:Shishigin, Spiridon.
2532:Schlesinger, Kathleen
2449:Fox, Leonard (1988).
2442:Fox, Leonard (1984).
2208:Fox, Leonard (1988).
2140:Musiconis.huma-num.fr
2078:"Sicilian Vocabulary"
1908:Slobin, Mark (1969).
1143:, Carnatic Jew's harp
1128:, the Chinese version
1080:Music of Central Asia
1040:
1014:Washington's Birthday
993:Well known performer
871:
699:
608:
595:
578:
564:
413:
401:
370:
171:
129:
5018:Girolamo Frescobaldi
4825:Cristóbal de Morales
4045:Also music theorist*
3729:Johannes de Grocheio
3546:Conradus de Pistoria
3533:Philippus de Caserta
3482:Philippus de Caserta
3451:Antonello da Caserta
3400:Andreas de Florentia
3291:Guillaume de Machaut
2952:Bernart de Ventadorn
2937:Aimeric de Peguilhan
2880:Albertus Parisiensis
2830:Adam of Saint Victor
2790:Saint Martial school
2747:Notker the Stammerer
2660:A page on guimbardes
2644:The Jew's Harp Guild
2381:Bakx, Phons (1992).
2343:for the books listed
2021:"Ağız Kopuzu Sanatı"
1733:on September 8, 1999
1597:Timbs, John (1858).
1400:Smithsonian Magazine
1064:– "Sleeping Village"
448:Harmonie Universelle
406:, 13th/14th Century.
5454:Appalachian culture
5136:Florentine Camerata
5108:Composition schools
4767:Gaspar van Weerbeke
3656:Contenance angloise
3446:Bartolino da Padova
3345:Marchetto da Padova
3276:Magister Franciscus
3152:Guillaume le Vinier
3147:Gontier de Soignies
3092:Audefroi le Bastart
2978:Folquet de Marselha
2835:Wulfstan the Cantor
2825:Hildegard of Bingen
2795:Adémar de Chabannes
2780:Fulbert of Chartres
2742:Abbey of Saint Gall
2734:Early (before 1150)
2576:Smeck, Roy (1974).
2198:, p.335. Cassell. .
1619:Wedgwood, Hensleigh
1473:Fox (1988), p.45-8.
999:Frederick the Great
983:sequences possible.
831:Aleksandr Zataevich
85:Related instruments
32:
5331:Thomas Vautrollier
5311:Ottaviano Petrucci
5286:Pierre Attaingnant
5276:Hieronymus Andreae
5083:Michael Praetorius
5068:Claudio Monteverdi
5058:Giovanni de Macque
5053:Luzzasco Luzzaschi
5023:Alfonso Fontanelli
4913:Francisco Guerrero
4888:Antonio de Cabezón
4800:Thomas Crecquillon
4782:Middle (1470–1530)
4762:Johannes Tinctoris
4702:Alexander Agricola
4493:Plucked idiophones
4227:Melde's experiment
3984:Neo-Medieval music
3974:Medieval folk rock
3754:Berno of Reichenau
3734:Iacobus de Ispania
3576:Petrus de Goscalch
3477:Niccolò da Perugia
3472:Grazioso da Padova
3420:Lorenzo da Firenze
3380:Vincenzo da Rimini
3365:Giovanni da Cascia
3197:Other trouvères...
3182:Perrin d'Angicourt
3132:Gautier de Dargies
3107:Chrétien de Troyes
3043:Raimon de Miravalh
3033:Raimbaut d'Aurenga
2592:Folk Music Journal
2556:Igraite na khomuse
2537:"Jew's Harp"
2025:Aksaray.ktb.gov.tr
1463:on August 7, 2020.
1369:The World of Music
1333:(Portuguese), and
1283:mondharp/munnharpe
1199:(Czechoslovakia),
1043:
880:
708:
614:
603:
581:
568:
423:
408:
384:
173:
131:
5431:
5430:
5028:Giovanni Gabrieli
4855:Philippe Verdelot
4752:Johannes Ockeghem
4694:Early (1400–1470)
4677:Renaissance music
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4604:Without resonator
4586:
4585:
4459:
4458:
4215:Longitudinal wave
4083:
4082:
4051:Renaissance music
3759:Aurelian of Réôme
3744:Johannes de Muris
3714:Franco of Cologne
3692:
3691:
3674:Arnold de Lantins
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3556:Johannes Cuvelier
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3467:Giovanni Mazzuoli
3462:Matteo da Perugia
3434:
3433:
3410:Francesco Landini
3388:
3387:
3370:Jacopo da Bologna
3353:
3352:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3307:Philippe de Vitry
3286:Jehan de Lescurel
3207:
3206:
3192:Raoul de Soissons
3137:Gautier d'Espinal
3127:Gautier de Coincy
3068:
3067:
2988:Giraut de Bornelh
2967:Cerverí de Girona
2947:Arnaut de Mareuil
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2875:Notre-Dame school
2785:Heriger of Lobbes
2714:List of composers
2615:978-1-4724-1413-7
2525:978-88-6885-391-4
2370:
2369:
2292:978-0-615-14617-1
2258:978-1-942531-07-4
2245:(30 April 2015).
2006:978-0-674-01163-2
1921:978-0-614-16459-6
1818:978-3-8290-6079-0
1553:978-0-367-59749-8
1321:(United States),
1038:
419:Dirck van Baburen
345:According to the
209:
208:
188:
146:
16:(Redirected from
5471:
5421:
5411:
5410:
5291:Vittorio Baldini
5268:Music publishing
5043:Hans Leo Hassler
4998:Gregorio Allegri
4953:Cipriano de Rore
4928:Vicente Lusitano
4923:Orlando di Lasso
4878:Jacques Arcadelt
4845:Pierre de la Rue
4840:Josquin des Prez
4820:Clément Janequin
4815:Antoine de Févin
4805:Antonius Divitis
4747:Johannes Martini
4722:Guillaume Du Fay
4670:
4663:
4656:
4647:
4619:Cut-out lamellae
4607:With resonator (
4595:
4505:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4463:
4279:String vibration
4110:
4103:
4096:
4087:
4072:
4062:
4061:
3868:Liturgical drama
3635:
3542:
3539:Johannes Ciconia
3514:
3510:
3492:Zacara da Teramo
3456:Johannes Ciconia
3436:
3426:Paolo da Firenze
3405:Donato da Cascia
3390:
3355:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3310:
3253:
3249:
3244:Late (1300–1400)
3187:Philippe de Rémi
3117:Conon de Béthune
3097:Blondel de Nesle
3082:Adam de la Halle
3070:
3008:Peire d'Alvernha
2919:
2906:
2861:
2857:
2852:High (1150–1300)
2841:Wipo of Burgundy
2806:
2776:
2768:
2759:Stephen of Liège
2696:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2551:
2539:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2332:
2324:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2205:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1802:
1796:
1793:978-0-82404946-1
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1765:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1729:. Archived from
1718:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1594:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1493:. 18 April 2019.
1483:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1434:
1428:
1425:Schlesinger 1911
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1360:
1338:
1331:berimbau de boca
1185:
1075:Jew's harp music
1055:Living the Blues
1039:
989:
947:
905:Amir Bux Ruunjho
902:
901:
896:
852:with an octave.
844:alternating the
782:
756:
755:
747:
725:
724:
715:
705:
687:Nepali tradition
630:
629:
601:
540:
527:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
481:
475:
469:
451:
404:Exeter Cathedral
382:
381:
380:
378:
350:Eleventh Edition
266:, also known as
255:Slovak "drumbľa"
252:
240:
219:
190:
189:
170:
148:
147:
128:
40:
33:
21:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5404:
5396:
5383:
5335:
5321:Girolamo Scotto
5306:Antonio Gardano
5262:
5201:
5155:
5102:
5093:Heinrich Schütz
5088:Philippe Rogier
5038:Orlando Gibbons
4990:
4986:
4977:
4973:Giaches de Wert
4963:Christopher Tye
4918:Claude Le Jeune
4908:Claude Goudimel
4903:Nicolas Gombert
4898:Andrea Gabrieli
4893:Jacobus Clemens
4864:
4860:Adrian Willaert
4790:Martin Agricola
4776:
4712:Antoine Busnois
4707:Gilles Binchois
4688:
4679:
4674:
4644:
4635:
4614:
4582:
4519:
4496:
4495:(lamellophones)
4490:
4460:
4455:
4364:Japanese fiddle
4302:
4293:
4284:Transverse wave
4232:Mersenne's laws
4210:String harmonic
4142:
4128:
4114:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4055:
4036:
3988:
3957:
3894:
3844:Gregorian chant
3763:
3749:Walter Odington
3709:Guido of Arezzo
3688:
3645:Johannes Alanus
3625:
3601:Jacob Senleches
3537:
3496:
3430:
3384:
3349:
3312:
3305:
3238:
3203:
3064:
2993:Guiraut Riquier
2972:Comtessa de Dia
2957:Bertran de Born
2925:
2909:
2903:Petrus de Cruce
2901:
2846:
2810:Notker Physicus
2801:
2771:
2763:
2728:
2705:
2700:
2640:
2635:
2530:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2346:
2333:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2282:Blind Owl Blues
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2166:
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2154:
2144:
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2134:
2133:
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2117:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2053:. 9 July 2009.
2043:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1947:En.turktoyu.com
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1855:"Photo Gallery"
1853:
1852:
1848:
1841:
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1830:
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1804:
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1591:
1582:
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1573:
1569:
1554:
1546:. : ROUTLEDGE.
1539:
1538:
1534:
1527:Elalmanaque.com
1521:
1520:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1485:
1484:
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1407:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1299:(South India),
1269:(Philippines),
1186:
1182:
1177:
1108:Assamese people
1071:
1030:
1028:
1003:Karl Eulenstein
990:
987:
954:
925:
913:
885:
858:
808:
803:
801:Wooden jaw harp
789:
740:
694:
689:
665:
641:
619:
617:Cambodian music
590:
579:Brass murchangs
573:
552:
547:
458:
452:
442:
396:
376:
374:
373:
372:
320:
318:Characteristics
300:Altai Mountains
260:
259:
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256:
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5467:
5466:
5464:Turkic culture
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5436:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5415:
5397:
5393:Medieval music
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5349:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5326:Tielman Susato
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5301:Valerio Dorico
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5141:Franco-Flemish
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5033:Carlo Gesualdo
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5003:Thomas Campion
5000:
4994:
4992:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4948:Costanzo Porta
4945:
4940:
4938:Hans Neusidler
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4810:Costanzo Festa
4807:
4802:
4797:
4795:Antoine Brumel
4792:
4786:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4737:Heinrich Isaac
4734:
4729:
4727:John Dunstaple
4724:
4719:
4717:Loyset Compère
4714:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4598:Laced lamellae
4592:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4557:
4529:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4322:Bladder fiddle
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4090:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4066:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3979:Medieval metal
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3849:Pope Gregory I
3841:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Johannes Cotto
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3650:John Dunstaple
3647:
3641:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:Johannes Susay
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Gacian Reyneau
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3571:Martinus Fabri
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3439:3rd generation
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3393:2nd generation
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3358:1st generation
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3332:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3303:
3301:Jehan Vaillant
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:Denis Le Grant
3268:
3263:
3261:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3177:Moniot d'Arras
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3157:Guiot de Dijon
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3013:Peire Cardenal
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2983:Gaucelm Faidit
2980:
2975:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2871:
2869:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2703:Medieval music
2701:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2646:
2639:
2638:External links
2636:
2634:
2633:
2618:
2603:
2588:
2574:
2567:
2552:
2542:Chisholm, Hugh
2528:
2513:
2498:
2491:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2379:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2336:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2305:
2291:
2271:
2257:
2234:
2220:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2164:
2152:
2127:
2115:
2094:
2068:
2046:sindhi alghozo
2036:
2012:
2005:
1985:
1958:
1934:
1920:
1900:
1875:
1860:
1846:
1835:
1824:
1817:
1797:
1780:
1747:
1727:Mouthmusic.com
1710:
1686:
1668:
1653:
1632:
1610:
1589:
1576:
1567:
1552:
1532:
1514:
1496:
1491:Jews-harps.com
1475:
1466:
1447:
1429:
1417:
1386:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1101:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1027:
1024:
985:
953:
950:
924:
921:
912:
911:Sicilian music
909:
884:
881:
857:
854:
807:
804:
788:
785:
739:
736:
693:
690:
688:
685:
664:
661:
649:Carnatic music
640:
637:
618:
615:
589:
586:
572:
569:
551:
548:
546:
543:
457:
454:
444:Marin Mersenne
440:
395:
392:
319:
316:
254:
247:
246:
242:
235:
234:
221:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
207:
206:
195:
182:
177:
176:
175:
166:
165:
164:
153:
140:
135:
134:
133:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
114:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
88:
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
67:
66:
59:
57:Classification
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5476:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5400:Baroque music
5395:
5394:
5386:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5281:Andrea Antico
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:Musical forms
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5073:Thomas Morley
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5063:Luca Marenzio
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4958:Thomas Tallis
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:John Taverner
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:Jacob Obrecht
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4487:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4431:Tromba marina
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Standing wave
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4111:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3906:British Isles
3904:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:Musical forms
3766:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3684:W. de Wycombe
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3551:Baude Cordier
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
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5362:Architecture
5296:Jacob Bathen
5013:John Dowland
4883:William Byrd
4757:Leonel Power
4559:Heteroglot (
4524:
4451:Washtub bass
4368:
4304:musical bows
4264:Scale length
4241:
4161:Third bridge
4049:
4015:Architecture
3887:
3839:Geisslerlied
3817:Formes fixes
3739:Notker Labeo
3704:Anonymous IV
3679:Leonel Power
3664:Thomas Fabri
3654:
3517:
3338:Predecessors
3256:
3162:Jehan Bretel
2998:Jaufre Rudel
2864:
2773:Odo of Cluny
2621:
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2358:
2353:citation bot
2347:Please help
2338:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
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2097:
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2085:. Retrieved
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2024:
2015:
1995:
1988:
1971:
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1950:. Retrieved
1946:
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1927:February 23,
1925:. Retrieved
1910:
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1891:. Retrieved
1888:Schoolgk.com
1887:
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1735:. Retrieved
1731:the original
1726:
1703:– via
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1408:. Retrieved
1399:
1389:
1375:(2/3): 214.
1372:
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1016:movement of
1013:
1010:Charles Ives
1007:
992:
974:
958:
955:
941:
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886:
883:Sindhi music
873:Demir-khomus
872:
863:Senem Diyici
859:
826:
811:
809:
806:Kyrgyz music
741:
731:
727:
709:
668:
666:
652:
642:
639:Indian music
620:
610:
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553:
529:
519:
517:
515:derivation.
484:
461:
459:
447:
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424:
414:
385:
347:
344:
321:
312:
302:, and is of
280:lamellophone
275:
271:
267:
263:
261:
229:
225:
117:Sound sample
64:Lamellophone
5352:Renaissance
5347:Early music
5243:Netherlands
5223:Elizabethan
5078:Jacopo Peri
5048:Alonso Lobo
5008:John Cooper
4870:Late (1530)
4830:Jean Mouton
4742:Jean Japart
4732:Walter Frye
4426:Psalmodicon
4339:Diddley bow
4198:Fundamental
4188:Fingerboard
4168:Chordophone
4126:instruments
4005:Middle Ages
4000:Early music
3962:Derivations
3795:Chansonnier
3167:Jehan Erart
3112:Colin Muset
3018:Peire Vidal
2866:Ars antiqua
2398:De Mondtrom
2351:or run the
2243:Graves, Tom
1721:Poss, M.D.
1325:(Estonia),
1279:Maultrommel
1257:(Siberia),
1225:(Ukraine),
1217:(Hungary),
1213:(Vietnam),
1189:ağız kopuzu
1169:Isitolotolo
1157:Musical bow
1136:Philippines
1050:Canned Heat
945:Maultrommel
827:Temir komuz
813:temir komuz
754:बिनायो बाजा
545:Manufacture
479:Maultrommel
388:bugle scale
354:fundamental
48:Other names
5438:Categories
5377:Philosophy
5372:Literature
5340:Background
5206:Traditions
5182:Magnificat
5172:Intermedio
5116:Burgundian
4574:Individual
4532:Idioglot (
4525:Guimbardes
4359:Ichigenkin
4354:Ground bow
4299:Monochords
4289:Tuning peg
4269:Soundboard
4183:Enharmonic
4030:Philosophy
4025:Literature
3993:Background
3899:Traditions
3266:F. Andrieu
3122:Gace Brulé
2962:Castelloza
2928:Trobairitz
2923:Troubadour
2815:St. Godric
2573:. Yakutia.
2519:. Milano;
2475:. Yakutsk.
2298:1 November
2264:1 November
2145:January 5,
2109:2008-02-20
2030:2022-05-19
1952:2022-05-19
1737:27 October
1700:2023-01-27
1603:. p.
1585:Anonymiana
1562:1156990682
1345:References
1319:Ozark harp
1309:(Sweden),
1285:(Norway),
1277:, Italy),
1271:marranzano
1233:(France),
1221:(Poland),
1191:(Turkey),
1163:Piperheugh
995:Franz Koch
848:step of a
821:span. The
791:See also:
771:Darjeeling
723:मुर्चुङ्गा
488:jeu-trompe
467:marranzanu
462:jew's harp
290:tongue or
276:mouth harp
272:juice harp
264:Jew's harp
200:media help
158:media help
31:Jew's harp
5192:Offertory
5121:Colorists
4983:Mannerism
4631:Music box
4406:Langeleik
4344:Duxianqin
4237:Monochord
4206:Overtones
4202:Harmonics
3943:Lithuania
3807:Conductus
3697:Theorists
3669:Roy Henry
3596:Rodericus
3487:Sant Omer
3222:Minnesang
2082:Dieli.net
1980:1302-2938
1893:April 27,
1681:Ordnet.dk
1410:18 August
1381:0043-8774
1350:Citations
1337:(Russia).
1323:parmupill
1317:(Nepal),
1311:murchunga
1305:(Japan),
1291:Rajasthan
1263:(China),
1250:karinding
1247:(Assam),
1235:guimbarda
1121:Indonesia
1117:Karinding
981:chromatic
965:Beethoven
713:murchunga
703:murchunga
692:Murchunga
681:Shamanism
657:Rajasthan
556:morchangs
538:jødeharpe
512:jeu tromp
506:jeu harpe
500:jeu harpe
494:guimbarde
456:Etymology
362:resonator
358:harmonics
336:overtones
324:resonator
5413:Category
5390: ←
5253:Portugal
5177:Madrigal
5151:Venetian
4542:genggong
4534:angkuoch
4421:Onavillu
4374:Genggong
4369:Jaw harp
4317:Berimbau
4259:Re-entry
4116:Musical
4064:Category
3969:Bardcore
3948:Portugal
3916:Scotland
3889:Planctus
3873:Madrigal
3812:Estampie
3775:Antiphon
3330:Trecento
3258:Ars nova
3217:Goliards
3074:Trouvère
3048:Sordello
3028:Perdigon
3003:Marcabru
2600:25654126
2534:(1911).
2055:Archived
1629:(6): 63.
1621:(1855).
1583:Pegge's
1509:Etimo.it
1404:Archived
1287:morchang
1231:guimbard
1193:angkuoch
1090:Berimbau
1069:See also
986:—
842:ostinato
732:morchang
653:Morchang
625:(Khmer:
623:angkuoch
611:morchang
441:—
356:and its
340:melodies
268:jaw harp
18:Jaw harp
5403:→
5233:Germany
5213:British
4569:morsing
4565:kouxian
4554:mukkuri
4538:đàn môi
4441:Umuduri
4416:Masenqo
4399:Mukkuri
4394:Morsing
4334:Đàn bầu
4327:Boom-ba
4312:Ahardin
4118:strings
3933:Germany
3911:England
3883:Organum
3861:Tydorel
3832:Virelai
3827:Rondeau
3822:Ballade
3790:Chanson
3566:Egidius
3561:Egardus
3281:Grimace
3212:Casella
2890:Pérotin
2765:Hucbald
2752:Tuotilo
2544:(ed.).
2061:20 June
2051:YouTube
1705:YouTube
1307:mungiga
1302:mukkuri
1296:morsing
1260:kouxian
1239:Catalan
1210:đàn môi
1147:Mukkuri
1141:Morsing
1126:Kouxian
1099:Vietnam
1095:Đàn môi
969:mandora
929:harmony
759:Kiranti
728:morsing
647:in the
645:Morsing
599:drumbľa
554:Indian
473:mariolu
427:Shaanxi
394:History
332:glottis
296:Siberia
278:, is a
109:morsing
104:kouxian
94:đàn môi
5423:Portal
5248:Poland
5228:France
5218:Cyprus
5197:Pavane
4991:c.1600
4561:khomuz
4550:kubing
4546:gogona
4515:Cricri
4446:Unitar
4411:Lesiba
4389:Kubing
4384:Khomuz
4379:Gogona
4349:Ektara
4173:Course
4156:Bridge
4124:, and
4074:Portal
4020:Poetry
3928:France
3923:Cyprus
3638:Others
3621:Trebor
3606:Solage
3528:Borlet
3023:Peirol
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1315:binayo
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1266:kubing
1255:khomus
1244:gogona
1227:gewgaw
1223:drymba
1219:drumla
1215:doromb
1201:changu
1197:brumle
1132:Kubing
1104:Gogona
1058:album.
939:list.
933:UNESCO
931:. The
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894:changu
889:Sindhi
835:octave
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780:binayo
775:Bhutan
773:, and
767:Sikkim
750:Nepali
745:binayo
738:Binayo
718:Nepali
700:Brass
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633:Mahori
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1775:(PDF)
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2063:2015
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