3347:
454:
44:
3535:
1830:
2072:
1842:
1977:), and the ministry were preparing a law to alter the law of equal inheritance, and thus create anew the great estates. These measures roused violent opposition in the country, which a new and stringent press law, nicknamed the "law of justice and love," failed to put down. The peers rejected the law of inheritance and the press law; it was found necessary to disband the
1902:, opposing it as too democratic in character, naturally took his place on the extreme right with the ultra-royalists. In the new Chamber of 1816 Villèle's party was in a minority, but his personal authority nevertheless increased. He was looked on by the ministerialists as the least unreasonable of his party, and by the "ultras" as the safest of their leaders.
1953:
Meanwhile, he had consolidated the royal power by persuading Louis XVIII to swamp the liberal majority in the upper house by the nomination of twenty-seven new peers; he availed himself of the temporary popularity of the monarchy after the
Spanish campaign to summon a new Chamber of Deputies. This
1954:
new and obedient legislature, to which only nineteen liberals were returned, made itself into a septennial parliament, thus providing time, it was thought, to restore some part of the ancien regime. Villèle's plans were assisted by the death of Louis XVIII and the accession of his brother,
1941:
gave him the title of count and made him formally prime minister. He immediately proceeded to muzzle opposition by stringent press laws, and the discovery of minor liberal conspiracies afforded an excuse for further repression. Forced against his will into interference in Spain by
1988:
The new ministry made Villèle's removal to the upper house a condition of taking office, and he took no further part in public affairs. At the time of his death, he had advanced as far as 1816 with his memoirs, which were completed from his correspondence by his family as
2087:
3306:
1958:, a staunch believer in absolute monarchy. Prudent financial administration since 1815 had made possible the conversion of the state bonds from 5 to 3%. It was proposed to utilize the money set free by this operation to indemnify by a billion francs (
3299:
411:. He acquired a plantation and sixty slaves, and in 1799 he married the daughter of M. Desbassyns de Richemont, whose estates he had managed. He served in the Colonial Assembly from 1799-1803. The arrival of General
1981:; and in November 1827 seventy-six new peers were created, and recourse was had to a general election. The new Chamber proved hostile to Villèle, who resigned to make way for the short-lived moderate ministry of
3292:
1913:
in the convention, was admitted to the
Chamber of Deputies. The Conservative party gained strength from the alarm raised by this incident and still more from the shock caused by the assassination of the
4042:
419:
in 1802, restored security to the island, and five years later Villèle, who had now accumulated a large fortune, returned to France. He was mayor of his commune, and a member of the council of the
2037:
3490:
3315:
3338:
2274:
2259:
98:
2229:
3742:
4168:
4036:
1872:
1144:
3421:
1982:
1926:. Villèle resigned within a year, but on the fall of Richelieu at the end of 1821 he became the real chief of the new cabinet, in which he was minister of finance.
3483:
1036:
5286:
2954:
1086:
2150:
1919:
1414:
4012:
2222:
2092:
4186:
5709:
2443:
1358:
4279:
4120:
4084:
3735:
3476:
2337:
2254:
1962:) the émigrés for the loss of their lands at the Revolution; it was also proposed to restore their former privileges to the religious congregations.
3284:
2167:
1889:
of 1814 he at once declared for the royalist principles. He was mayor of
Toulouse in 1814–15 and deputy for the Haute-Garonne in the ultra-royalist
2284:
110:
4633:
4504:
3884:
922:
4198:
3677:
3651:
3577:
2215:
2117:
1116:
4114:
1814:
5719:
3728:
2332:
1865:
1276:
4060:
3572:
3361:
1947:
1241:
852:
4216:
3751:
2415:
2395:
1574:
5704:
5694:
4441:
4096:
3944:
400:
2342:
2307:
3409:
2238:
1456:
5029:
5011:
3656:
3625:
2761:
4597:
4435:
3630:
3609:
3499:
1135:
404:
5714:
4297:
4162:
3272:
1915:
1858:
1539:
435:
4672:
3772:
2453:
2264:
872:
412:
5512:
5488:
4615:
4579:
4240:
4126:
3918:
5699:
4825:
4480:
4468:
4447:
4411:
4393:
4383:
4351:
4341:
4144:
3829:
2246:
1886:
937:
817:
759:
360:
4072:
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4534:
4372:
4330:
4309:
4174:
3962:
3950:
1629:
1501:
494:
117:
4150:
2327:
902:
5101:
4963:
4303:
4210:
3468:
1451:
722:
5401:
4801:
4423:
4090:
3551:
3526:
3457:
3082:
2279:
1636:
1323:
1126:
792:
49:
3346:
4291:
4138:
4030:
3766:
3593:
3447:
2516:
2511:
2486:
2006:
1923:
1439:
1226:
1174:
1046:
453:
1930:
5506:
5500:
5269:
5209:
5119:
4180:
3908:
3835:
3709:
3385:
3130:
2934:
2861:
2405:
1560:
1531:
1496:
1404:
1251:
1785:
5724:
4741:
3266:
2526:
2491:
2157:
1429:
1026:
579:
61:
4246:
4108:
3851:
2317:
1343:
952:
5275:
4981:
4399:
3978:
3902:
3067:
2651:
1978:
1624:
1471:
1154:
1066:
957:
842:
518:
4066:
5584:
5325:
4765:
4563:
4222:
3567:
2989:
2387:
1943:
1690:
1553:
1486:
1409:
1164:
634:
443:
408:
5554:
5542:
5482:
4702:
4273:
4252:
4228:
4006:
3940:
3839:
3180:
1308:
5466:
4783:
4719:
4263:
4000:
3823:
3693:
3510:
3326:
3205:
3135:
3107:
2473:
1938:
1795:
1775:
1491:
997:
732:
690:
671:
584:
396:
82:
5143:
4747:
3811:
3793:
2377:
2352:
1669:
5689:
5684:
5566:
5518:
5377:
5155:
5125:
5113:
5035:
5023:
4650:
4552:
4546:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4048:
3646:
3200:
2596:
2571:
2546:
2531:
2521:
2501:
2481:
2430:
2269:
1683:
1184:
1076:
897:
769:
727:
646:
473:
253:
5167:
3817:
5548:
5089:
4927:
4921:
4879:
4660:
4320:
4132:
3972:
3956:
3514:
3230:
3185:
2896:
2851:
2836:
2831:
2786:
2756:
2741:
2691:
2616:
2556:
1955:
1910:
1891:
1834:
1524:
1466:
1461:
1318:
1293:
1236:
754:
660:
499:
86:
1676:
5005:
4957:
4945:
4102:
3934:
3928:
3912:
3896:
2736:
2671:
2463:
2367:
2357:
2322:
2012:
1970:
1780:
1728:
1704:
1608:
1546:
1204:
1194:
1106:
982:
892:
887:
742:
737:
468:
416:
5638:
4777:
3878:
3857:
3845:
3534:
3240:
3210:
2939:
2924:
2906:
2826:
2781:
2766:
2372:
1313:
1298:
1096:
877:
43:
17:
5632:
5626:
5590:
5437:
5263:
5083:
5041:
4234:
4024:
4018:
3924:
3672:
3433:
3225:
3215:
3115:
3097:
3087:
2964:
2886:
2846:
2811:
2801:
2666:
2631:
2438:
2400:
2289:
2191:
1906:
1790:
1749:
1735:
1328:
1266:
1256:
932:
917:
882:
802:
797:
629:
5644:
5614:
5365:
5230:
5197:
5185:
5149:
5053:
4684:
4591:
4573:
4474:
3966:
3868:
3373:
3175:
3125:
2866:
2856:
2821:
2806:
2796:
2771:
2731:
2706:
2541:
2312:
2077:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1742:
1481:
1394:
1338:
1333:
1288:
962:
812:
807:
710:
355:), was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister in the 1820s. He was a leader of the
329:
5608:
5443:
5419:
5161:
5077:
5047:
4993:
4987:
4969:
4951:
4939:
4933:
4915:
4909:
4897:
4885:
4873:
4855:
4837:
4819:
4627:
4603:
4585:
4528:
4492:
3994:
3988:
3799:
3783:
3092:
3022:
2974:
2791:
2776:
2751:
2746:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2696:
2686:
2676:
2661:
2626:
2606:
2586:
2581:
2551:
2175:
1950:, he contrived to reap some credit for the monarchy from the successful campaign of 1823.
1934:
1599:
1590:
1567:
1389:
1348:
1283:
1231:
1056:
992:
947:
912:
837:
827:
610:
480:
392:
5494:
5341:
5308:
5296:
5131:
5095:
4975:
3452:
3120:
2716:
2656:
2636:
2601:
2420:
1368:
5662:
5656:
5620:
5596:
5536:
5530:
5425:
5371:
5347:
5335:
5314:
5302:
5257:
5236:
5179:
5173:
5137:
5071:
5059:
4999:
4831:
4540:
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4486:
4204:
4192:
4156:
4078:
3890:
3805:
3250:
3190:
3165:
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3145:
3140:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2969:
2876:
2841:
2576:
2362:
2347:
2017:
1769:
1662:
1476:
1419:
1353:
1303:
1261:
1246:
1002:
907:
862:
857:
832:
764:
619:
574:
509:
356:
263:
5678:
5572:
5524:
5476:
5455:
5431:
5395:
5383:
5353:
4861:
4843:
4813:
4795:
4729:
4678:
4639:
4621:
4609:
4458:
3245:
3195:
3170:
3155:
3150:
3062:
3057:
3052:
2997:
2701:
2646:
2641:
2621:
2611:
2591:
2566:
2410:
2299:
2083:
2078:
1922:
was compelled to admit to the cabinet two of the chiefs of the "ultras", Villèle and
1846:
1434:
1424:
1399:
1271:
987:
867:
847:
683:
624:
420:
376:
249:
122:
5650:
5578:
5560:
5413:
5359:
5220:
5203:
5107:
4903:
4867:
4849:
4759:
4735:
4708:
4696:
4690:
4666:
4362:
3984:
3220:
2944:
2929:
2916:
2901:
2871:
2816:
2681:
2496:
1617:
977:
972:
967:
942:
927:
774:
676:
655:
542:
5191:
2979:
2891:
2881:
1007:
822:
549:
5602:
5449:
5407:
5389:
5247:
5065:
5017:
4891:
4807:
4789:
4771:
4753:
4429:
4417:
4405:
3397:
3235:
3072:
3047:
2561:
2536:
2506:
2207:
1807:
1800:
717:
603:
535:
530:
504:
384:
380:
3720:
3077:
1718:
665:
639:
388:
307:
1966:
1697:
591:
556:
231:
2096:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80.
375:, France and brought up to go into the navy. He joined the "Bayonnaise" at
1711:
747:
525:
489:
372:
227:
163:
320:
Jean-Baptiste
Guillaume Joseph Marie Anne Séraphin, 1st Count of Villèle
598:
322:(14 April 1773 – 13 March 1854), better known simply as
3755:
1898:
Villèle, who before the promulgation of the charter had written some
1656:
3724:
3472:
3288:
2211:
1965:
Both these propositions were, with some restrictions, secured.
2088:
Villèle, Jean
Baptiste Guillaume Marie Anne Séraphin, Comte de
2038:"Le séjour de Joseph de Villèle aux Mascareignes (1791-1807)"
1909:, who was popularly supposed to have voted for the death of
1929:
Although not himself a courtier, he was backed at court by
344:
3316:
Second ministry of Armand-Emmanuel du
Plessis de Richelieu
335:
347:
341:
332:
5465:
5324:
5285:
5246:
5219:
4718:
4649:
4562:
4457:
4382:
4361:
4340:
4319:
4262:
3867:
3782:
3702:
3686:
3665:
3639:
3618:
3602:
3586:
3560:
3544:
3521:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3380:
3368:
3356:
3333:
3259:
3106:
2988:
2953:
2915:
2472:
2452:
2429:
2386:
2298:
2245:
1969:was made a crime punishable by death with the 1825
338:
303:
295:
269:
259:
238:
214:
209:
195:
185:
169:
159:
149:
139:
116:
104:
92:
78:
60:
34:
27:Prime Minister of France and statesman (1773–1854)
1993:Mémoires et correspondance du comte de Villèle
1415:National Centre of Independents & Peasants
1037:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
3736:
3484:
3300:
2223:
1866:
1087:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
8:
1991:
1805:
1634:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1572:
1558:
1544:
1522:
708:
681:
644:
608:
589:
540:
516:
478:
407:, who had come to the island to enforce the
3743:
3729:
3721:
3491:
3477:
3469:
3307:
3293:
3285:
2230:
2216:
2208:
2139:
1900:Observations sur le projet de constitution
1873:
1859:
430:
74:14 December 1821 – 4 January 1828
42:
31:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
3339:Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis de Richelieu
2029:
442:
387:. Arrested in the Isle of Bourbon (now
288: 1799; died 1854)
99:Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis de Richelieu
3678:Ambroise-Polycarpe de La Rochefoucauld
3318:(20 February 1820 to 12 December 1821)
1535:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)
3502:(14 December 1821 to 6 December 1827)
1815:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau
135:5 October 1816 – 5 July 1830
7:
3422:Pierre-Barthélémy Portal d'Albarèdes
1905:Under the electoral law of 1817 the
399:(July 1794). In 1796 he helped oust
2130:L'Œuvre financière de M. de Villèle
1575:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire
427:The Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)
1136:"The Future of the Intelligentsia"
25:
5710:People of the Bourbon Restoration
4732:(September 1870–19 February 1871)
4414:(December 29, 1818–November 1819)
3410:Victor de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg
1457:French Agrarian and Peasant Party
118:Member of the Chamber of Deputies
3631:Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol
3533:
3345:
2070:
1840:
1828:
452:
328:
5368:(5 September–11 September 1948)
3652:Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas
3578:Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas
2134:Annales des sciences politiques
1540:Initiative and Liberty Movement
379:in July 1788. He served in the
285:
18:Jean-Baptiste, Comte de Villèle
5278:(November 1943–September 1944)
4738:(19 February–25 February 1871)
4495:(10 November–18 November 1834)
4402:(September 1815–December 1818)
3773:Controller-General of Finances
3657:Aimé, duc de Clermont-Tonnerre
3626:Aimé, duc de Clermont-Tonnerre
3573:François-René de Chateaubriand
2123:Notice sur le comte de Villèle
1:
5428:(1 February–14 February 1956)
5422:(February 1955–February 1956)
5374:(September 1948–January 1949)
4828:(16 April 1885–December 1886)
4408:(7 December–29 December 1818)
4255:(10 August–21 September 1792)
4043:de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
3500:Ministry of Joseph de Villèle
2239:Heads of government of France
5344:(December 1946–January 1947)
5305:(November 1944–January 1946)
5152:(4 February–9 February 1934)
5134:(December 1932–January 1933)
5116:(December 1930–January 1931)
4642:(December 1851–January 1852)
4606:(December 1848–October 1849)
2042:portail-esclavage-reunion.fr
1931:Sosthene de la Rochefoucauld
1502:Union for a Popular Movement
155:Blaise Vezian de Saint-André
5720:Finance ministers of France
5140:(January 1933–January 1934)
4612:(October 1849–January 1851)
3362:Joseph Jérôme, Comte Siméon
1997:(Paris, 5 vols., 1887–90).
5741:
5206:(November 1938–March 1940)
5068:(December 1925–March 1926)
4972:(December 1913–March 1914)
4846:(December 1887–April 1888)
4816:(August 1882–6 April 1885)
3767:Superintendent of Finances
3531:
2007:Franco-Trarzan War of 1825
1440:VIA, the Way of the People
1175:The Tears of the White Man
1047:The Genius of Christianity
111:Jean Baptiste de Martignac
5705:Prime ministers of France
5695:Politicians from Toulouse
5434:(February 1956–June 1957)
5398:(March 1952–January 1953)
5356:(November 1947–July 1948)
5299:(September–November 1944)
5158:(February 1934–June 1935)
4537:(March 1840–October 1840)
3762:
3710:Alexandre, vicomte Digeon
3610:Pierre-Denis de Peyronnet
3507:
3343:
3323:
2198:
2189:
2181:
2174:
2164:
2155:
2147:
2142:
1561:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
409:1794 abolition of slavery
313:
275:Mélanie Panon Desbassayns
205:
174:
128:
67:
56:
41:
5446:(November 1957–May 1958)
5062:(November–December 1925)
5038:(June 1924–3 April 1925)
4876:(December 1893–May 1894)
4834:(December 1886–May 1887)
4786:(November–December 1877)
4780:(May 1877–November 1877)
4636:(November–December 1851)
4507:(January–September 1836)
4276:(21 September 1792–1793)
4249:(29 July–10 August 1792)
3552:Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
3527:Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
3522:President of the council
3458:Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
3334:President of the council
3267:Chief minister of France
2158:Prime Minister of France
1637:Service d'Action Civique
1127:Enquête sur la monarchie
1027:Considerations on France
580:Catholic social teaching
434:This article is part of
62:Prime Minister of France
50:Jean-Sébastien Rouillard
5416:(January–February 1955)
5350:(January–November 1947)
5338:(October–December 1946)
5146:(January–February 1934)
5056:(October–November 1925)
5044:(3 April–17 April 1925)
4888:(January–November 1895)
4882:(May 1894–January 1895)
4822:(6 April–16 April 1885)
4711:(August–September 1870)
4687:(January–November 1867)
4630:(October–November 1851)
4600:(October–December 1848)
4501:(18 November 1834–1836)
4489:(1832–10 November 1834)
3594:Jacques-Joseph Corbière
3448:Jacques-Joseph Corbière
2093:Encyclopædia Britannica
1975:Loi contre le blasphème
1960:Le milliard des émigrés
1835:Conservatism portal
1625:Independent Republicans
1472:Independent Republicans
1155:Violence and the Sacred
1067:St Petersburg Dialogues
201:Guillaume de Bellegarde
5715:French Ultra-royalists
5287:Provisional Government
5086:(19 July–23 July 1926)
5002:(March–September 1917)
4960:(June 1911–March 1913)
4471:(August–November 1830)
4243:(18 June–29 July 1792)
4237:(13 June–18 June 1792)
3568:Mathieu de Montmorency
3386:Étienne-Denis Pasquier
2118:J. G. Hyde de Neuville
2112:L'Opposition royaliste
1992:
1944:Mathieu de Montmorency
1806:
1635:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1573:
1559:
1545:
1532:Carrefour de l'Horloge
1523:
1487:Rally for the Republic
1410:Future with Confidence
1165:The Camp of the Saints
709:
682:
645:
609:
590:
541:
517:
479:
445:Conservatism in France
395:, he was freed by the
5611:(March–November 2004)
5509:(July 1968–June 1969)
5362:(July–September 1948)
5200:(April–November 1938)
5110:(March–December 1930)
5104:(February–March 1930)
4984:(9 June–13 June 1914)
4966:(March–December 1913)
4870:(April–December 1893)
4810:(January–August 1882)
4750:(April–December 1872)
4576:(February–March 1848)
4531:(May 1839–March 1840)
4396:(July–September 1815)
3694:Denis-Luc Frayssinous
3511:Louis XVIII of France
3327:Louis XVIII of France
3273:Deputy Prime Minister
1796:Immigrant criminality
1776:Clerical philosophers
1492:Republican Federation
1145:The Reign of Quantity
818:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
733:Thermidorian Reaction
691:Traditional authority
495:Political Catholicism
397:Thermidorian Reaction
5617:(November 2004–2005)
5440:(June–November 1957)
5392:(January–March 1952)
5272:(June–November 1943)
5188:(January–March 1938)
5164:(1 June–7 June 1935)
5128:(June–December 1932)
5098:(1928–February 1930)
5050:(April–October 1925)
4930:(March–October 1906)
4894:(November 1895–1896)
4756:(December 1872–1873)
4699:(January–April 1870)
4624:(April–October 1851)
4618:(January–April 1851)
4555:(1847–February 1848)
4306:(July–November 1799)
4231:(March–13 June 1792)
4063:(December 1720–1722)
3647:Claude-Victor Perrin
3509:Head of state: King
3325:Head of state: King
2168:Vicomte de Martignac
1786:French–German enmity
1185:The Tyranny of Guilt
1077:Democracy in America
770:Second French Empire
519:Révolution nationale
145:Louis Emmanuel Dupuy
36:The Count of Villèle
5479:(October 1958–1960)
5458:(June–October 1958)
5404:(January–June 1953)
5386:(1951–January 1952)
5317:(June–October 1946)
5311:(January–June 1946)
5182:(1937–January 1938)
5122:(January 1931–1932)
4936:(October 1906–1909)
4840:(May–December 1887)
4705:(April–August 1870)
4693:(1867–January 1870)
4663:(January 1852–1855)
4594:(June–October 1848)
4543:(October 1840–1842)
4057:(May–December 1720)
4045:(1718–January 1720)
4039:(1718–January 1720)
3515:Charles X of France
1911:Louis XVI of France
1892:Chambre introuvable
1887:Bourbon Restoration
1691:La Nation française
1467:Movement for France
1462:French Social Party
1277:Political positions
1267:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
873:Fustel de Coulanges
760:Bourbon Restoration
755:Second White Terror
500:Christian democracy
361:Bourbon Restoration
359:faction during the
5581:(August 1995–1997)
5194:(March–April 1938)
4996:(August 1914–1917)
4990:(June–August 1914)
4651:House of Bonaparte
4450:(July–August 1830)
4363:House of Bonaparte
4321:House of Bonaparte
4051:(January–May 1720)
2143:Political offices
2013:Anti-Sacrilege Act
1971:Anti-Sacrilege Act
1781:European New Right
1705:Le Figaro Magazine
1670:Famille chrétienne
1547:La Manif pour tous
1195:The French Suicide
793:Barbey d'Aurevilly
743:Companions of Jehu
738:First White Terror
585:Counter-revolution
469:French nationalism
423:under the Empire.
417:Napoleon Bonaparte
5700:Counts of Villèle
5672:
5671:
5575:(May–August 1995)
5513:Giscard d'Estaing
5501:Couve de Murville
5489:Giscard d'Estaing
5270:Couve de Murville
5212:(March–June 1940)
5074:(March–June 1926)
5032:(March–June 1924)
4978:(March–June 1914)
4954:(March–June 1911)
4948:(1910–March 1911)
4924:(1905–March 1906)
4864:(1892–April 1893)
4852:(April 1888–1889)
4519:(1837–March 1839)
4375:(March–July 1815)
4247:Delaville-Leroulx
4225:(1791–March 1792)
3752:Finance ministers
3718:
3717:
3703:Minister of State
3687:Religious Affairs
3673:Jacques Lauriston
3619:Navy and Colonies
3466:
3465:
3441:Without portfolio
3434:Jacques Lauriston
3417:Navy and Colonies
3282:
3281:
3131:Couve de Murville
2206:
2205:
2199:Succeeded by
2165:Succeeded by
1883:
1882:
1847:France portal
1791:French Revolution
1750:Valeurs actuelles
1252:de La Tour du Pin
1107:What Is a Nation?
728:War in the Vendée
324:Joseph de Villèle
317:
316:
170:Mayor of Toulouse
16:(Redirected from
5732:
5635:(June 2007–2011)
5402:Bourgès-Maunoury
5266:(1942–June 1943)
5170:(June 1935–1936)
5092:(July 1926–1928)
5080:(June–July 1926)
4582:(March–May 1848)
4525:(March–May 1839)
4459:House of Orléans
4384:House of Bourbon
4342:House of Bourbon
4300:(1796–July 1799)
3869:House of Bourbon
3836:de Cossé-Brissac
3745:
3738:
3731:
3722:
3666:King's Household
3537:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3470:
3429:King's Household
3374:Hercule de Serre
3349:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3286:
3269:(pre-Revolution)
3083:Bourgès-Maunoury
2652:Waldeck-Rousseau
2456:National Defense
2444:Cousin-Montauban
2396:Dupont de l'Eure
2232:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2201:Louis de Villèle
2192:Count of Villèle
2182:Preceded by
2151:Duc de Richelieu
2148:Preceded by
2140:
2136:(vol. v., 1890).
2098:
2097:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2046:
2045:
2034:
1995:
1920:duc de Richelieu
1875:
1868:
1861:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1811:
1743:Radio Courtoisie
1724:
1640:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1578:
1564:
1550:
1536:
1528:
1525:Action Française
1497:Resistance Party
1482:Rally for France
1405:The Nationalists
1395:Debout la France
1242:de Chateaubriand
1210:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1132:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1097:The Ancient City
1092:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1042:
1032:
853:de Chateaubriand
714:
687:
672:Social hierarchy
650:
614:
595:
546:
522:
484:
456:
446:
431:
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
289:
287:
245:
224:
222:
210:Personal details
198:
191:Raymond Lanneluc
188:
179:
152:
142:
133:
107:
95:
72:
46:
32:
21:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5725:Peers of France
5675:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5629:(May–June 2007)
5623:(2005–May 2007)
5569:(1993–May 1995)
5503:(May–July 1968)
5497:(1966–May 1968)
5469:
5461:
5452:(May–June 1958)
5328:
5326:Fourth Republic
5320:
5289:
5281:
5250:
5242:
5223:
5215:
5030:François-Marsal
5012:François-Marsal
4774:(1875–May 1877)
4742:Pouyer-Quertier
4722:
4714:
4653:
4645:
4588:(May–June 1848)
4566:
4564:Second Republic
4558:
4547:Lacave-Laplagne
4517:Lacave-Laplagne
4461:
4453:
4444:(May–July 1830)
4438:(1829–May 1830)
4386:
4378:
4365:
4357:
4344:
4336:
4323:
4315:
4266:
4258:
3979:de La Vieuville
3903:de La Vieuville
3871:
3863:
3786:
3784:House of Valois
3778:
3758:
3749:
3719:
3714:
3698:
3682:
3661:
3635:
3614:
3598:
3582:
3561:Foreign Affairs
3556:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3517:
3503:
3497:
3467:
3462:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3381:Foreign Affairs
3376:
3364:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3329:
3319:
3313:
3283:
3278:
3255:
3102:
2990:Fourth Republic
2984:
2956:
2949:
2911:
2762:François-Marsal
2468:
2455:
2448:
2425:
2388:Second Republic
2382:
2294:
2241:
2236:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2176:French nobility
2170:
2161:
2153:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2086:, ed. (1911). "
2082:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2049:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2018:Ultra-royalists
2003:
1935:Madame du Cayla
1879:
1841:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1820:
1819:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1722:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1600:Cercle Proudhon
1591:Camelots du Roi
1568:Student Cockade
1534:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1430:The Republicans
1390:Alliance Royale
1382:
1374:
1373:
1272:Le Pen (Marine)
1222:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1021:
1013:
1012:
788:
780:
779:
765:Ultra-royalists
704:
696:
695:
611:Noblesse oblige
570:
562:
561:
481:Nouvelle Droite
464:
444:
429:
415:, appointed by
371:He was born in
369:
331:
327:
291:
283:
279:
276:
260:Political party
247:
243:
226:
220:
218:
196:
186:
180:
175:
150:
140:
134:
129:
120:
105:
93:
85:
73:
68:
52:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5738:
5736:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5677:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5665:(2024–present)
5660:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5473:
5471:
5470:(1958–present)
5467:Fifth Republic
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5332:
5330:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5293:
5291:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5273:
5267:
5261:
5254:
5252:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5227:
5225:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5207:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5183:
5177:
5171:
5165:
5159:
5156:Germain-Martin
5153:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5126:Germain-Martin
5123:
5117:
5114:Germain-Martin
5111:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5015:
5009:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4739:
4733:
4726:
4724:
4720:Third Republic
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4657:
4655:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4598:Trouvé-Chauvel
4595:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4570:
4568:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4465:
4463:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4390:
4388:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4367:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4348:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4325:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4270:
4268:
4264:First Republic
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4061:de La Houssaye
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3938:
3932:
3922:
3916:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3873:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3108:Fifth Republic
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:Casimir-Perier
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2474:Third Republic
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2110:C. de Mazade,
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2084:Chisholm, Hugh
2047:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1979:National Guard
1937:, and in 1822
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1837:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1770:Archeofuturism
1765:
1763:Related topics
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1736:Nouvelle École
1732:
1725:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1580:
1579:
1570:
1565:
1556:
1554:March for Life
1551:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1477:Party of Order
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:National Rally
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:de Tocqueville
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
751:
750:
745:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
688:
679:
674:
668:
663:
658:
653:
652:
651:
637:
632:
630:French culture
627:
622:
620:Ethnopluralism
617:
616:
615:
606:
596:
587:
582:
577:
575:Anti-communism
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
554:
553:
552:
547:
538:
533:
523:
514:
513:
512:
510:Ultramontanism
507:
502:
492:
487:
486:
485:
476:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
449:
448:
440:
439:
428:
425:
368:
365:
357:Ultra-royalist
315:
314:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
281:
277:
274:
273:
271:
267:
266:
264:Ultra-royalist
261:
257:
256:
246:(aged 80)
240:
236:
235:
216:
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
193:
192:
189:
183:
182:
172:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
153:
147:
146:
143:
137:
136:
126:
125:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
80:
76:
75:
65:
64:
58:
57:
54:
53:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5737:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4766:Mathieu-Bodet
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4634:de Casabianca
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4580:Garnier-Pagès
4578:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4298:Ramel-Nogaret
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4280:Destournelles
4278:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4109:de Silhouette
4107:
4104:
4103:de Boullonges
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3536:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Chaban-Delmas
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Mendès France
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:A. de Broglie
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:A. de Broglie
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2454:Government of
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2431:Second Empire
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2343:V. de Broglie
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:V. de Broglie
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2300:July Monarchy
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2185:Title created
2180:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2128:M. Chotard, "
2127:
2125:(Paris, 1899)
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:(Paris, 1894)
2113:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2079:public domain
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1948:Chateaubriand
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1907:Abbé Grégoire
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
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1679:
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1677:L'Écho du Sud
1674:
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1514:Organisations
1511:
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1435:Soyons libres
1433:
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1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:French Future
1398:
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1393:
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1388:
1387:
1386:
1378:
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904:
903:de La Mennais
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
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886:
884:
881:
879:
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869:
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821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
787:Intellectuals
784:
783:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
713:
712:
711:Ancien Régime
707:
706:
700:
699:
692:
689:
686:
685:
684:Souverainisme
680:
678:
675:
673:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
649:
648:
643:
642:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:Family values
623:
621:
618:
613:
612:
607:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
594:
593:
588:
586:
583:
581:
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566:
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466:
460:
459:
455:
451:
450:
447:
441:
437:
433:
432:
426:
424:
422:
421:Haute-Garonne
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
366:
364:
362:
358:
352:
325:
321:
312:
309:
306:
302:
298:
294:
272:
268:
265:
262:
258:
255:
254:French Empire
251:
250:Haute-Garonne
242:13 March 1854
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:14 April 1773
217:
213:
208:
204:
200:
194:
190:
184:
178:
173:
168:
165:
162:
158:
154:
148:
144:
138:
132:
127:
124:
123:Haute-Garonne
119:
115:
112:
109:
103:
100:
97:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
71:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
5585:Strauss-Kahn
5221:Vichy France
5024:de Lasteyrie
4802:Allain-Targé
4535:de la Lozère
4285:
4181:de Fourqueux
4091:de Séchelles
4085:d'Arnouville
4007:Le Pelletier
3909:de Champigny
3897:de Schomberg
3852:de Bellièvre
3453:Joseph Lainé
2917:Vichy France
2832:Paul-Boncour
2190:
2184:
2156:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2111:
2105:Bibliography
2091:
2041:
2032:
1990:
1987:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1928:
1916:duc de Berry
1904:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1768:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1618:Croix-de-Feu
1582:
1581:
1517:
1445:
1444:
1384:
1363:
1344:de La Rocque
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1125:
1115:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
775:Vichy France
677:Social order
656:Metapolitics
647:Restauration
543:Maurrassisme
391:) under the
370:
323:
319:
318:
244:(1854-03-13)
197:Succeeded by
176:
160:Constituency
151:Succeeded by
130:
106:Succeeded by
69:
48:Portrait by
29:
5690:1854 deaths
5685:1773 births
5659:(2017–2024)
5653:(2014–2017)
5647:(2012–2014)
5641:(2011–2012)
5605:(2002–2004)
5599:(2000–2002)
5593:(1999–2000)
5587:(1997–1999)
5563:(1992–1993)
5557:(1988–1992)
5551:(1986–1988)
5545:(1984–1986)
5539:(1981–1984)
5533:(1978–1981)
5527:(1976–1978)
5521:(1974–1976)
5515:(1969–1974)
5491:(1962–1966)
5485:(1960–1962)
5483:Baumgartner
5410:(1953–1955)
5380:(1949–1951)
5329:(1946–1958)
5290:(1944–1946)
5260:(1941–1942)
5251:(1941–1944)
5248:Free France
5239:(1942–1944)
5233:(1940–1942)
5231:Bouthillier
5224:(1940–1944)
5198:Marchandeau
5186:Marchandeau
5176:(1936–1937)
5150:Marchandeau
5026:(1922–1924)
5020:(1921–1922)
5014:(1920–1921)
5008:(1917–1920)
4942:(1909–1910)
4918:(1902–1905)
4912:(1899–1902)
4906:(1898–1899)
4900:(1896–1898)
4858:(1889–1892)
4804:(1881–1882)
4798:(1879–1881)
4792:(1877–1879)
4768:(1874–1875)
4762:(1873–1874)
4744:(1871–1872)
4723:(1870–1940)
4681:(1861–1867)
4675:(1860–1861)
4673:La Roquette
4669:(1855–1860)
4654:(1852–1870)
4567:(1848–1852)
4549:(1842–1847)
4513:(1836–1837)
4483:(1831–1832)
4477:(1830–1831)
4462:(1830–1848)
4432:(1828–1829)
4426:(1821–1828)
4420:(1819–1821)
4387:(1815–1830)
4354:(1814–1815)
4345:(1814–1815)
4333:(1804–1814)
4324:(1804–1814)
4312:(1799–1804)
4294:(1795–1796)
4288:(1794–1795)
4282:(1793–1794)
4267:(1792–1804)
4241:de Beaulieu
4219:(1790–1791)
4207:(1789–1790)
4199:de Breteuil
4195:(1788–1789)
4189:(1787–1788)
4177:(1783–1787)
4165:(1781–1783)
4159:(1777–1781)
4153:(1776–1777)
4141:(1774–1776)
4135:(1769–1774)
4129:(1768–1769)
4123:(1763–1768)
4117:(1759–1763)
4105:(1757–1759)
4099:(1756–1757)
4093:(1754–1756)
4087:(1745–1754)
4081:(1730–1745)
4075:(1726–1730)
4069:(1722–1726)
4033:(1715–1718)
4031:de Noailles
4027:(1708–1715)
4021:(1699–1708)
4015:(1689–1699)
4009:(1683–1689)
4003:(1661–1683)
3997:(1659–1661)
3991:(1653–1659)
3981:(1651–1653)
3975:(1650–1651)
3973:de Longueil
3969:(1649–1650)
3959:(1648–1649)
3957:de La Porte
3953:(1647–1648)
3947:(1643–1647)
3941:de Bailleul
3937:(1640–1643)
3935:Bouthillier
3931:(1632–1640)
3929:Bouthillier
3921:(1626–1632)
3915:(1624–1626)
3913:de Marillac
3905:(1623–1624)
3899:(1619–1622)
3893:(1614–1619)
3887:(1598–1611)
3881:(1589–1594)
3872:(1589–1792)
3860:(1588–1589)
3854:(1574–1588)
3848:(1568–1570)
3842:(1561–1567)
3832:(1559–1560)
3830:de Lorraine
3826:(1556–1559)
3820:(1552–1556)
3814:(1546–1552)
3812:d'Annebault
3808:(1544–1546)
3802:(1524–1544)
3796:(1518–1524)
3787:(1518–1589)
3775:(1661–1791)
3769:(1561–1661)
3398:Antoine Roy
2955:Provisional
2247:Restoration
1939:Louis XVIII
1808:Sinistrisme
1801:Remigration
1359:de Vaublanc
1329:de Polignac
1237:Cathelineau
1221:Politicians
898:de Jouvenel
893:Houellebecq
888:de Gobineau
718:Monarchiens
635:Imperialism
604:Meritocracy
531:Bonapartism
505:Integralism
385:East Indies
187:Preceded by
141:Preceded by
94:Preceded by
83:Louis XVIII
5679:Categories
5567:Alphandéry
4820:Clamageran
4748:de Goulard
4616:de Germiny
4442:de Montbel
4436:de Crouzol
4424:de Villèle
4217:de Lessart
4187:de Brienne
4175:de Calonne
4169:d'Ormesson
4121:de Laverdy
4037:de Caumont
4019:Chamillart
4013:Phélypeaux
3925:de Bullion
3885:de Béthune
3846:de Birague
2957:Government
2737:Clemenceau
2672:Clemenceau
2527:Waddington
2517:Rochebouët
2255:Talleyrand
2196:1822–1851
2162:1821–1828
2024:References
1452:Feuillants
1425:Reconquête
1364:de Villèle
1339:Retailleau
1205:Submission
1020:Literature
983:de Rivarol
963:Peyrefitte
958:d'Ornellas
933:de Maistre
843:Brunetière
813:de Benoist
666:Patriotism
640:Monarchism
569:Principles
536:Legitimism
463:Ideologies
308:Land owner
304:Profession
248:Toulouse,
221:1773-04-14
5645:Moscovici
5555:Bérégovoy
5543:Bérégovoy
5210:Lamoureux
5084:de Monzie
5042:de Monzie
5036:Clementel
4982:Clémentel
4784:Dutilleul
4592:Goudchaux
4574:Goudchaux
4481:Dominique
4469:Dominique
4448:Dominique
4412:Dominique
4394:Dominique
4352:Dominique
4235:Duranthon
4163:de Fleury
4151:des Réaux
4145:de Clugny
4127:d'Invault
4073:des Forts
4055:des Forts
4025:Desmarets
3967:de Mesmes
3945:de Mesmes
3840:d'Ongnyes
3824:d'Avançon
3806:du Thiers
3794:de Beaune
3351:Richelieu
3275:(defunct)
3226:Cazeneuve
3181:Bérégovoy
3116:De Gaulle
3098:De Gaulle
2965:De Gaulle
2887:Chautemps
2857:Doumergue
2847:Chautemps
2802:Chautemps
2742:Millerand
2707:Doumergue
2632:Bourgeois
2597:Freycinet
2572:Freycinet
2557:Fallières
2547:Freycinet
2532:Freycinet
2406:Cavaignac
2285:Martignac
2275:Richelieu
2265:Dessolles
2260:Richelieu
1983:Martignac
1967:Sacrilege
1956:Charles X
1895:of 1815.
1723:(Defunct)
1698:Le Figaro
1257:de Gaulle
1232:de Bonald
1117:The Crowd
953:d'Orcival
828:de Bonald
798:Bainville
748:Muscadins
723:Feuillant
592:Dirigisme
557:Sarkozysm
550:Orléanism
232:Languedoc
181:1815–1818
177:In office
131:In office
87:Charles X
70:In office
5657:Le Maire
5549:Balladur
5519:Fourcade
5444:Pflimlin
5438:Gaillard
5432:Ramadier
5420:Pflimlin
5372:Queuille
5264:Diethelm
5162:Caillaux
5090:Poincaré
5078:Caillaux
5060:Loucheur
5054:Painlevé
5048:Caillaux
4988:Noullens
4970:Caillaux
4952:Caillaux
4934:Caillaux
4928:Poincaré
4910:Caillaux
4880:Poincaré
4778:Caillaux
4511:Duchâtel
4505:d'Argout
4475:Laffitte
4400:Corvetto
4292:Faipoult
4274:Clavière
4253:Clavière
4229:Clavière
4097:de Moras
3818:Guillart
3587:Interior
3357:Interior
3231:Philippe
3206:Villepin
3201:Raffarin
3186:Balladur
3126:Pompidou
3093:Pflimlin
3088:Gaillard
3038:Queuille
3028:Queuille
3018:Queuille
2998:Ramadier
2897:Daladier
2867:Bouisson
2852:Daladier
2837:Daladier
2787:Poincaré
2772:Painlevé
2757:Poincaré
2732:Painlevé
2692:Poincaré
2687:Caillaux
2542:Gambetta
2439:Ollivier
2416:Hautpoul
2313:Laffitte
2290:Polignac
2001:See also
1924:Corbière
1712:Le Point
1684:La Croix
1663:Éléments
1630:Hussards
1334:Pompidou
1319:Poincaré
1309:Pécresse
1299:Maréchal
1294:MacMahon
1057:The Pope
1003:Veuillot
918:Lemaître
913:Lefebvre
838:Bruckner
661:Nativism
526:Royalism
490:Gaullism
474:Integral
436:a series
373:Toulouse
296:Children
234:, France
228:Toulouse
164:Toulouse
79:Monarchs
5633:Lagarde
5615:Gaymard
5609:Sarkozy
5591:Sautter
5579:Arthuis
5573:Madelin
5426:Lacoste
5378:Petsche
5360:Reynaud
5348:Schuman
5336:Schuman
5315:Schuman
5297:Lepercq
5237:Cathala
5204:Reynaud
5168:Régnier
5120:Flandin
5108:Reynaud
5000:Thierry
4976:Renoult
4940:Cochery
4916:Rouvier
4904:Peytral
4898:Cochery
4874:Burdeau
4868:Peytral
4856:Rouvier
4850:Peytral
4838:Rouvier
4832:Dauphin
4628:Blondel
4586:Duclerc
4523:Gautier
4211:Lambert
4001:Colbert
3995:Fouquet
3989:Fouquet
3985:Servien
3963:d'Emery
3951:d'Emery
3919:de Ruzé
3891:Jeannin
3603:Justice
3545:Finance
3539:Villèle
3393:Finance
3369:Justice
3260:Related
3251:Barnier
3216:Ayrault
3176:Cresson
3141:Messmer
3023:Bidault
3013:Schuman
3003:Schuman
2975:Bidault
2935:Flandin
2902:Reynaud
2877:Sarraut
2862:Flandin
2842:Sarraut
2827:Herriot
2822:Tardieu
2807:Tardieu
2797:Tardieu
2782:Herriot
2767:Herriot
2747:Leygues
2717:Viviani
2702:Barthou
2667:Sarrien
2662:Rouvier
2642:Brisson
2587:Floquet
2582:Rouvier
2567:Brisson
2552:Duclerc
2522:Dufaure
2502:Dufaure
2482:Dufaure
2421:Faucher
2338:Mortier
2280:Villèle
2270:Decazes
2081::
1885:At the
1719:Présent
1609:Civitas
1583:Defunct
1446:Defunct
1381:Parties
1369:Zemmour
1354:Schuman
1349:Sarkozy
1324:Poisson
1304:Messmer
1289:Malraux
1284:Maurras
1227:Bellamy
973:Raspail
948:Maurras
928:Madiran
923:Le Play
878:Dumézil
833:Boutang
808:Barruel
703:History
599:Elitism
389:Réunion
290:
282:
278:
5663:Armand
5639:Baroin
5627:Borloo
5621:Breton
5597:Fabius
5537:Delors
5531:Monory
5507:Ortoli
5366:Pineau
5342:Philip
5309:Philip
5303:Pleven
5276:France
5258:Pleven
5180:Bonnet
5174:Auriol
5144:Piétri
5138:Bonnet
5132:Chéron
5102:Dumont
5096:Chéron
5066:Doumer
5018:Doumer
4964:Dumont
4922:Merlou
4892:Doumer
4862:Tirard
4844:Tirard
4826:Carnot
4814:Tirard
4796:Magnin
4736:Buffet
4730:Picard
4703:Segris
4697:Buffet
4685:Rouher
4661:Bineau
4541:Humann
4499:Humann
4487:Humann
4373:Gaudin
4366:(1815)
4331:Gaudin
4310:Gaudin
4304:Lindet
4286:Vacant
4213:(1790)
4205:Necker
4201:(1789)
4193:Necker
4183:(1787)
4171:(1783)
4157:Necker
4147:(1776)
4139:Turgot
4133:Terray
4115:Bertin
4111:(1759)
3756:France
3236:Castex
3211:Fillon
3196:Jospin
3171:Rocard
3166:Chirac
3161:Fabius
3156:Mauroy
3146:Chirac
3078:Mollet
3063:Laniel
3043:Pleven
3033:Pleven
2940:Darlan
2925:Pétain
2907:Pétain
2792:Briand
2777:Briand
2752:Briand
2722:Briand
2697:Briand
2677:Briand
2657:Combes
2637:Méline
2602:Loubet
2592:Tirard
2577:Goblet
2497:Buffet
2492:Cissey
2464:Trochu
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2328:Gérard
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1729:Minute
1518:Active
1385:Active
1314:Pétain
1247:Ciotti
1209:(2015)
1199:(2014)
1189:(2006)
1179:(1983)
1169:(1973)
1159:(1972)
1149:(1945)
1139:(1905)
1131:(1900)
1121:(1895)
1111:(1882)
1101:(1864)
1091:(1855)
1081:(1835)
1071:(1821)
1061:(1819)
1051:(1802)
1041:(1797)
1031:(1796)
943:Massis
908:Le Bon
883:Guénon
868:Freund
858:Daudet
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803:Barrès
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5525:Barre
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5456:Pinay
5450:Faure
5414:Buron
5408:Faure
5396:Pinay
5390:Faure
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4691:Magne
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4640:Fould
4622:Fould
4610:Fould
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4529:Passy
4493:Passy
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3191:Juppé
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