25:
119:
92:
191:
322:
296:
358:
154:
where he remained four years. In 1804 he was recalled to
Fribourg, and took up work in the primary schools. As director of the schools in Fribourg (1807–1823), Girard made education compulsory, organized the school administration, insisted on the adoption of good textbooks and methods, and introduced
142:
Returning to
Fribourg in 1789, he spent ten years in missionary work and in teaching philosophy to the young men of his order. Upon the invitation of Stapfer, minister of arts and sciences, in 1798 he published an essay outlining a scheme of national Swiss education. His orthodoxy came under some
227:
brought him into conflict with the
Jesuits, but his aim was, in all his teaching, to introduce the moral idea into the minds of his pupils by familiarizing them with the right or wrong working of the facts he brought to their attention, and thus to elevate character all through the educational
402:
130:
He was the fifth child in a family of fourteen, and his gift for teaching was early shown at home in helping his mother with the younger children. At sixteen he entered the novitiate of the
Franciscans at
174:
Girard's successful reforms at
Fribourg were the occasion for bitter opposition. Girard's application of the monitorial system was opposed by the bishop and the civil authorities of Fribourg in 1823.
182:
at
Lucerne as professor of philosophy. In 1834 he returned to Fribourg, where he remained till his death, engaged in educational pursuits and in the publication of some of his works.
54:
337:
203:
171:
and professed admiration for his ability as an educator, while differing from him on several important points, especially on the value of the monitorial system.
342:
306:
362:
387:
412:
397:
159:, avoiding the abuse of mere memory exercise and making every study converge to the child's complete education. In 1809 Girard was sent to
285:
Girard relied heavily on concrete examples in his pedagogical writing, avoiding abstractions but gradually introducing complications.
76:
407:
37:
47:
41:
33:
215:
392:
164:
210:
58:
311:
118:
382:
377:
224:
91:
220:
praised Girard for his method of teaching by actively interesting his students in their lessons.
179:
178:
hostility resulted in him being driven away from his position, and he then went to work in the
160:
156:
199:
139:
for his philosophical and theological studies, and was there ordained to the priesthood.
190:
371:
333:
328:
300:
151:
136:
107:
135:; after spending some time teaching in the colleges of the order, he went to
357:
123:
103:
144:
132:
175:
299: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
327:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
189:
117:
90:
168:
236:
Besides many reports and memoirs, his principal writings are:
18:
403:
Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
194:
Relief which shows Girard surrounded by children (detail)
253:(1834, 9th ed. 1894; Eng. trans. by Lord Ebrington,
250:De l'enseignement régulier de la langue maternelle
262:Des moyens de stimuler l'activité dans les écoles
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
270:Parallèle entre la philosophie et la physique
242:Cours de philosophie fait au Lycée de Lucerne
8:
346:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
276:
268:
260:
248:
240:
204:Académie des Sciences morales et politiques
122:Statue of Jean-Baptiste Girard (detail) at
209:In an 1832 treatise on public education,
167:'s institution. He had met the latter in
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
143:suspicion, caused by his admiration for
106:– 6 March 1850 in Fribourg) was a Swiss
147:ideas, which was evident in his essay.
163:to make a report to the Government on
16:Swiss Franciscan educator (1765–1850)
7:
315:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
202:, and a corresponding member of the
278:Cours Ă©ducatif de langue maternelle
223:Girard's undogmatic method and his
14:
309:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
363:Jean-Baptiste Girard (1765-1850)
356:
320:
294:
23:
388:Knights of the Legion of Honour
1:
413:19th-century Swiss educators
398:18th-century Swiss educators
211:François Marc Louis Naville
198:Girard was a Knight of the
429:
32:This article includes a
343:Encyclopædia Britannica
61:more precise citations.
305:C. A. Dubray (1913). "
277:
269:
261:
249:
241:
195:
127:
96:
365:at Wikimedia Commons
338:Girard, Jean Baptiste
312:Catholic Encyclopedia
193:
150:Girard was called to
121:
102:(17 December 1765 at
94:
408:People from Fribourg
307:Jean-Baptiste Girard
225:Liberal Christianity
95:Jean-Baptiste Girard
196:
128:
97:
34:list of references
393:Swiss Franciscans
361:Media related to
255:The Mother Tongue
161:Yverdon-les-Bains
157:monitorial system
87:
86:
79:
420:
360:
347:
326:
324:
323:
316:
298:
297:
281:(Paris, 1840–48)
280:
272:
264:
252:
244:
219:
200:Legion of Honour
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
428:
427:
423:
422:
421:
419:
418:
417:
368:
367:
354:
336:, ed. (1911). "
332:
321:
319:
304:
295:
291:
234:
213:
188:
116:
100:Grégoire Girard
83:
72:
66:
63:
52:
38:related reading
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
426:
424:
416:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
370:
369:
353:
352:External links
350:
349:
348:
334:Chisholm, Hugh
317:
290:
287:
283:
282:
274:
266:
258:
246:
233:
230:
187:
184:
115:
112:
85:
84:
42:external links
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
425:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
373:
366:
364:
359:
351:
345:
344:
339:
335:
330:
329:public domain
318:
314:
313:
308:
302:
301:public domain
293:
292:
288:
286:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:
237:
231:
229:
226:
221:
217:
212:
207:
205:
201:
192:
185:
183:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
148:
146:
140:
138:
134:
125:
120:
113:
111:
109:
105:
101:
93:
89:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
39:
35:
30:
21:
20:
355:
341:
310:
284:
254:
235:
228:curriculum.
222:
208:
197:
173:
149:
141:
129:
99:
98:
88:
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
383:1850 deaths
378:1765 births
214: [
59:introducing
372:Categories
289:References
186:Reputation
165:Pestalozzi
110:educator.
108:Franciscan
67:April 2014
245:(1829–31)
180:gymnasium
137:WĂĽrzburg
124:Fribourg
104:Fribourg
331::
303::
257:, 1847)
145:Kantian
133:Lucerne
55:improve
325:
273:(1840)
265:(1835)
176:Jesuit
232:Works
218:]
152:Verne
40:, or
169:Bern
155:the
114:Life
340:".
206:.
374::
216:fr
44:,
36:,
126:.
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
