943:
407:
the "great quarrel" with the seminary, was eager to remain on good terms, consented. This was a slap in the face to the
Jesuits, who felt their evangelizing efforts were under pressure worldwide from the secular church. Claiming the Tamaroas were included in the Illinois tribe, whose conversion had been entrusted to them, they objected. When the dispute was put to his arbitration, Saint-Vallier decided in favour of the Seminary. When the Jesuits appealed to the King Louis XIV in 1700, the Bishop returned to France to defend his decision. Although it was upheld, the damage done to his relation with the Jesuits was lasting.
477:: "Charity, both the love one bore for God and the public acts of altruistic gift-giving became the prominent trope of holiness after 1650". Saint-Vallier, following the example of the ‘Saints’, showed his generosity by helping the poor and the Hôpital Général of Quebec. He also took very seriously his duties of bishop and developed parishes in the farthest corners of the diocese. Weak from sickness, he died on 26 December 1727 in the Hôpital Général, which he founded. His last words showed his charity, for he said: "Forget me, but do not forget my poor".
461:
demanded in exchange for the Bishop of Quebec the return of the Baron de Méan, "a dangerous man for France’s interests". It was only in 1709 that the king decided to set the dean of Liège free, and in turn, the
English returned Saint-Vallier. At that time, Saint-Vallier's diocese had deteriorated greatly especially after Bishop Laval's death in 1708. Despite his pleas, the king was reluctant to let him go back to New France for fear of new religious conflicts. Thus Saint-Vallier underwent a 'forced exile' for four years (1709-1713) before he could return.
423:. Named for Cornelius Jansen, a Dutch Catholic Bishop, Jansenism was characterized by a very strict and austere Christianity, a rigorism in the practice of religion and a certain individualism. The Critic Dictionary of Theology explain the large meaning of Jansenism thus: "designated an intern movement of Catholicism that refutes the necessity of certain condemnations and limits their range, and tries to present Christianity in its original form and closer to its objectives"
337:, inhabited by Indigenous people and the European settlers. During the tenure of Saint-Vallier, immigration from France was mostly over; the European colonists were farmers, fishermen, sailors, merchants and ‘coureurs des bois’, overseen by a small elite of aristocratic leaders, but a great demographic explosion occurred between 1685 and 1730, the white population in New France jumping from c. 12,000 inhabitants to c. 41,500. Like many of them, St. Vallier was a slaveowner.
358:
refuse the see, since the
Diocese of Quebec was relatively new, poor, far from court and at that time "perhaps the most wretched and difficult of all the dioceses in mission lands". Abbot Saint-Vallier finally decided to accept the position, and left France for a sojourn in his future see with the title of vicar general of Bishop Laval, since the ceremony of his investiture had to be postponed due to the difficult relationship between the Pope Innocent XI and Louis XIV.
55:
457:
who were in disagreement with the clergy's fight against alcoholism, ‘indecency and immorality’ and their attempt to instill
Christian practices into the tribes while ridding them of their own set of customs. The dispute over the sale of alcohol also created waves in the colonial population since the government and especially the merchants sought to use spirits as a way to maintain good relations with the Amerindian tribes.
1146:
434:
quarrels with the
Jesuits, the Superior of the order decided to attack Saint-Vallier's authority by writing a long critic of those three books seeing them as a "lapse into Arianism, Pelagianism, Jansenism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism". Father Bouvart based his accusations on different passages of the works of the Bishop, for example this extract from the Catechism.
280:
Jean-Baptiste entered the seminary of Saint-Sulpice in Paris and obtained his licentiate in theology in 1672 at 19 years of age. In 1676, he was appointed almoner-in-ordinary to King Louis XIV, a promotion that can be attributed to his family's connections. He was ordained priest in 1681. He personally funded a small hospital in Saint-Vallier in 1683.
403:. The order was active in teaching and nursing, and the Bishop sought to impose upon them a stricter cloistered lifestyle. In addition, he demanded they assent to dowry payments, solemn vows, and that they swear obedience to him as bishop. While the Congregation resisted, they were eventually forced to accept many of Saint-Vallier's dictates.
276:
a
Grenoble magistrate and worked for the diplomatic services and his grandfather was a lawyer and poet, then a judge at the Parliament of Grenoble. The La Croixs owned a large amount of land including the castle of Saint-Vallier in the Rhone, which previously belonged to King Henry II's mistress, Diane de Poitiers.
366:
him and he refused this request, backed by the King, who ‘exiled’ Mgr Laval in France and refused to permit his return to Quebec. Disappointed and angry, as he had expected to die at the Quebec church he had co-founded, Laval made many accusations that portrayed Saint-Vallier as a manipulative traitor.
443:
Bishop Saint-Vallier eventually appealed to the
Sorbonne to have his works rehabilitated. The doctors of the Faculty of Theology declared the Ritual and the Catechism perfectly orthodox and censured the critic of Bouvart. Nevertheless, Saint-Vallier decided to re-edit in 1713 the Ritual so as to cast
433:
If Saint-Vallier presented
Jansenist ideas, it was in certain aspects of his writing and in his austerity and deep orthodoxy, but he was certainly not a Jansenist. In the beginning of the 18th century the Bishop wrote 3 books; the Ritual, the Catechism and the ‘Statuts et ordonnances’. Because of his
410:
While subject to much criticism, Saint-Vallier was also admired in his diocese for his dedication and self-sacrifice. Rather than staying in Quebec or
Montreal, he tirelessly traveled the back-country. The founding of the Hôpital Général and installation of Jesuits and Recollets at Montreal were also
394:
Saint-Vallier's tenure as bishop was defined by interminable quarrels with governmental and religious institutions in French North
America. Even before he was officially consecrated as bishop, Saint-Vallier's active leadership style brought him into conflict with various groups, who perceived him as,
296:
His various construction projects reflect a desire to restore and renew the authority in the Catholic Church as the main institution of administrative organization. In 1697, Saint-Valier built a palace in Quebec for his clergy and as a place of hospitality. During the same year, he also established a
292:
Saint-Valier was a supporter of the Counter Reformation. His initial intent in the New World was to engage in the conversion of the indigenous residents. He introduced Jesuits and Recollects in an attempt to evangelize New France. Many of these missions (Illinois, Louisiana, and Mississippi) resulted
275:
Born November 14, 1653 to Jean de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier and Marie de Sayve, Jean-Baptiste was part of the La Croix family, known to be ranked among the best in Dauphiné with prestigious posts such as country noblemen, officers, magistrates and ambassadors. Jean-Baptiste's father was
369:
Saint-Vallier was consecrated bishop at Saint-Sulpice on January 25, 1688 and allowed his predecessor to go back to Canada. However, this would prove to be detrimental for him as upon his return in the summer of 1688, there was a disagreement between him and the seminary of Quebec. Three priests and
365:
However, his strong personality intimidated people. The superiors of the seminary later wrote to Bishop Laval that they believed he wasn't a suitable candidate for the task of governing the Quebec diocese. Laval sided with them and requested that Saint-Vallier leave his post. This of course offended
361:
His first stay in Canada lasted a year and a half. Saint-Vallier surprised the clergy with his passion and energy. His trip started in Quebec, down to the parishes along the St. Lawrence River, Montreal and then to Acadia. During this time, he preached to both the French and the Indians. In 1686, he
406:
Upon his return from France, Saint-Vallier quickly became entangled in more intra-religious disputes. Further conflict arose in regard to competing claims to evangelization rights. In 1698, the seminary of Quebec requested permission to send a mission to the Tamaroa tribe. Saint-Vallier, who, after
377:
Attacked on every side and called a tyrant and a jansenist, he decided to seek for arbitration by higher religious authorities, in this case the Archbishop of Paris and the private confessor of the King, who "both decided in favour of the bishop on the essential points , the seminary of Quebec lost
357:
Advancing quickly in the religious and social hierarchies, it was but a matter of time before Saint-Vallier would be elevated to the rank of bishop. In 1685, Mgr de Laval, Bishop of Quebec, gave his resignation to the King and proposed Saint-Vallier to replace him. His entourage first pushed him to
456:
With Saint-Vallier unable to rule from custody, the religious dimension of the diocese of Quebec fell into decay. The problem in the eyes of the Bishop and many of the priests was the lack of morality in the colony. They encountered much reluctance from the population, especially with the Natives,
340:
During the same time, the number of Amerindian fell from c. 163,500 to c. 61,500. That loss, mainly in the tribes of Louisiana, was attributed to warfare and diseases brought to the valley of the Mississippi. The number of Aboriginals compared to white settlers is one reason for the presence of so
470:
government and the merchants gave way to a more peaceful period that lasted until his death, although he retained some of his old habits. He refused, for example, to ring the bell of the cathedral for the death of the governor Rigaud de Vaudreuil and "grudges subsisted between and his seminary".
480:
The Abbot Gosselin who wrote about the Bishop Saint-Vallier in the late 19th century said of him: "especially by his great virtues and the holiness of his life, he is revealed in history with the halo of charity and disinterest: his memory shall be eternal" (surtout par ses grandes vertus et la
452:
On his return to New France, Saint-Vallier's vessel, along with other ships from the convoy sailing to the New France, was attacked by English naval forces and sent to England. There, he was made a diplomatic prisoner and placed under house arrest, as France was at war with England in the War of
370:
the Bishop Laval conspired together in order to undermine Saint-Vallier's authority and "three quarters of the clergy in Canada already escaped the direct authority of the bishop, who found himself, in addition, obliged to share his jurisdiction over his own secular clergy with his seminary."
469:
After thirteen years of absence, Saint-Vallier finally returned to Quebec, having persuaded the king to give consent to his departure. He arrived in his Diocese tired and worn by the torments of the last 20 years of constant infighting. The disputes with the religious orders of New France, the
460:
The Bishop remained a prisoner in London for five years while Queen Anne ruled. During this time, the King of France and the war council were deliberately slowed negotiations for his release. Many people were happy to be rid of Saint-Vallier and his incessant disputes, and the Queen of England
373:
Autumn of 1688, Bishop Saint-Vallier initiated a turnover of the old system and replaced it with new changes in the organization of the seminary which the latter rejected with backing from the Bishop Laval. "Mgr de Saint-Vallier worked on establishing more strict and clear pastoral norms the
381:
Nevertheless, by the end of 1694, Saint-Vallier's relation with his diocese had deteriorated to the point that Louis XIV was forced to recall him to Paris. While Saint-Vallier defended his actions, he was asked to resign, which he refused to do. After being kept in France until 1697, without
232:, he was a controversial figure as Bishop of Quebec, since he rarely listened to advice. He spent large amounts of money that left the seminary in great debt at the time of death in 1727. He was deeply involved in the Catholic reform tradition and promoted several missions throughout Canada.
279:
This was where Jean-Baptiste spent most of his childhood. However, little is known about him during that period besides his charitable deeds and his education at the Jesuit College in Grenoble. The La Croix children were much influenced by religion; three out of ten entered religious life.
374:
directives that he fixed throughout his episcopate concentrate mainly on the administration of the sacraments, especially the sacrament of penitence, and on the preaching" At that time, the Iroquois started attacking the French again and the impending approach of the English loomed ahead.
683:
Claude La Charité. «Les deux éditions du Rituel du diocèse de Québec de Mgr de Saint-Vallier, datées de 1703 : de l’édition janséniste à l’édition revue et corrigée par la Compagnie de Jésus», Revue de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, No. 3 : p.
832:
La Charité, Claude, «Les deux éditions du Rituel du diocèse de Québec de Mgr de Saint-Vallier, datées de 1703 : de l’édition janséniste à l’édition revue et corrigée par la Compagnie de Jésus», Revue de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, No. 3 :
283:
Jean-Baptiste was known for his austerity, his strong will and his dynamism. He was a close friend of the bishop of Grenoble, Le Camus, and would regularly visit hospitals, prisons and country parishes. At the court of the "Sun King", he kept his religious attire.
348:
at l’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec. The arrival of Saint-Vallier and his strong views on what should be the duties of the priests created a shock wave in the orders, especially for the Seminary of Quebec, newly founded by his predecessor Bishop Laval.
398:
He quarreled with Governor Frontenac over their respective social standing, going so far as to threaten to place an interdict on the Recollet order for giving the Governor precedence. He also clashed with the female religious order of the
804:
Foley, Mary Anne, ""We Want No Prison Among Us": The Struggle for Ecclesiastical Recognition in Seventeenth-Century New France," Beyond the Walls: Women Religious in American Life 14 (Winter 1996); pp. 1-18. (Accessed February 5, 2015).
219:
in 1653 to a wealthy land owning family, St. Vallier swiftly became a community figure, known for founding a hospital. His officious and dominating personality, led him to accept the position of bishop in 1685 at the call of
297:
nuns monastery in Trois-Rivières Saint-Vallier's zeal for religious activities and establishments, stretched from Quebec, Montreal, Acadia and Louisiana. His way of life embodied that of the ideals of the Council of Trent.
768:
Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de. Catéchisme du diocèse de Québec par Monseigneur l’illustrissime & reverendissime Jean de La Croix de Saint Valier, évêque de Québec. Paris, Urbain Coustelier,
693:
Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier. Catéchisme du diocèse de Québec par Monseigneur l’illustrissime & reverendissime Jean de La Croix de Saint Valier, évêque de Québec. Paris, Urbain Coustelier,
1199:
781:
Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de. Statuts, ordonnances et lettres pastorales de Monseigneur de Saint-Valier évêque de Québec pour le reglement de son diocese. Paris, Simon Langlois,
909:
664:
Jacques M. Grès-Gayer. « Jansénisme », dans Jean-Yves Lacoste (dir.), Dictionnaire critique de théologie, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 2002, p. 708-710. Traduction libre du Français à
382:
consenting to resign, Saint-Vallier was allowed to return to Canada after agreeing to be more "prudent" and moderate in his ways. He returned to his see and authorized a new establishment of Ursulines at
344:
Priests of the Missions Étrangères of Paris, the Jesuits, the Recollets and the Sulpicians often worked in collaboration with the nuns from different orders like the Congrégation de Notre-Dame or the
775:
Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de. Rituel du diocèse de Québec, publié par l’ordre de Monseigneur de Saint-Valier, évêque de Québec. 1re édition. Paris, Simon Langlois, 1703.
263:
and Roman Catholic faith was his utmost priority and interest; he was particularly sensible on the point of morality, which he believed was failing in his see. He was also greatly involved with the
646:
Foley, Mary Anne, ""We Want No Prison Among Us": The Struggle for Ecclesiastical Recognition in Seventeenth-Century New France," Beyond the Walls: Women Religious in American Life 14 (Winter 1996)
798:
Cliche, Marie-Aimée. 1988. Les pratiques de dévotion en Nouvelle-France: comportements populaires et encadrement ecclésial dans le gouvernement de Québec. Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval.
1204:
437:"Le nombre des réprouvez sera-t-il bien plus grand que celui des bienheureux ? Oui, le chemin de la perdition est large, au lieu que le chemin qui conduit à la vie éternelle est étroit."
1184:
1179:
772:
Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de. Estat present de l’Eglise et de la colonie francoise dans la Nouvelle France, par M. l’Evêque de Quebec. Paris, Robert Pepie, 1688.
440:(Will the number of the damned be much greater than the number of the blessed? Answer: Yes, the road to perdition is broad, whereas the road that leads to the everlasting life is narrow.)
778:
Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de. Rituel du diocèse de Québec, publié par l’ordre de Monseigneur l’évêque de Québec. 2e édition. Paris, Simon Langlois, 1703 .
872:
Thomas, James H., "Quebec's BIshop as Pawn: Sait-Vallier's Imprisonment in England 1704-1709," CCHA Historical Studies 64 (1998), pp. 151–160. (Accessed February 1, 2015). <
829:
Grès-Gayer, Jacques M., « Jansénisme », dans Jean-Yves Lacoste (dir.), Dictionnaire critique de théologie, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 2002, p. 708-710.
902:
239:, and his administration of the diocese led to popular revolts and struggles with various religious groups. Accomplishments during his 42-year reign include: the founding of the
862:
Scott, M. Eileen. "Barbier, Marie, de l’Assomption" in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003. (accessed February 20, 2015) <
345:
235:
He was seen as a very strict leader for most of his reign. He refused demands for his resignations both by the King and the religious of New France. He was suspected of
849:
895:
859:
Scalberg, Daniel Allen. 1990. Religious life in New France Under the Laval and Saint-Vallier bishoprics : 1659–1727. Thesis (Ph. D.)-- University of Oregon, 1990
977:
473:
Austere throughout his life, he became more and more humble in his way of living and turned toward contemplation and simple duties. As Timothy Pearson explained in
801:
Fay, Terence. "A History of Canadian Catholics: Gallicanism, Romanism, and Canadianism : Volume 20 of History of religion". McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2002.
839:
Pearson, Timothy G. Becoming holy in early Canada: performance and the making of holy persons in society and culture. Thesis (Ph. D.)--McGill University, 2008.
788:
Campeau, Lucien. "Bouvart, Martin" in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003. (accessed February 22, 2015) <
85:
918:
879:
Valois, Jacques. "Denys, Joseph" in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003. (accessed February 20, 2015) <
1174:
845:
Rambaud, Alfred. "La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste De." Dictionary of Canadian Biography. (Accessed February 1, 2015).<
400:
785:
Blouin, Annie. 1999. Les exigences pastorales de Mgr de Saint-Vallier envers ses prêtres, 1685–1727. Mémoire (M.A.)—Université de Laval, 1999.
1109:
967:
655:
M. Eileen Scott. "Barbier, Marie, de l’Assomption" in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003.
604:
481:
sainteté de sa vie, il nous apparaît dans l’histoire avec l’auréole de la charité et du désintéressement : sa mémoire sera immortelle)
121:
942:
305:
The Diocese of Quebec was vast and its population diverse and widespread. It included the whole of French North America, or what was called
240:
264:
260:
244:
209:
75:
46:
992:
826:
Greer, Allan. 1985. Peasant, lord, and merchant: rural society in three Quebec parishes, 1740–1840. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
619:
Annie Blouin. Les exigences pastorales de Mgr de Saint-Vallier envers ses prêtres, 1685-1727. Traduction libre du Français à l’Anglais.
573:
James S. Pritchard, 2004. In search of empire: the French in the Americas, 1670-1730. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 31
444:
away all doubts about his pretended Jansenist ideas. This book remained in use in the parishes until the middle of the 19th century.
982:
564:
Annie Blouin. Les exigences pastorales de Mgr de Saint-Vallier envers ses prêtres, 1685-1727. Mémoire (M.A.)—Université Laval, 1999.
248:
842:
Pritchard, James S. 2004. In search of empire: the French in the Americas, 1670–1730. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1043:
252:
1068:
846:
1048:
628:
Lucien Campeau. "Bouvart, Martin" in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003.
637:
Jacques Valois. "Denys, Joseph" in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003.
1209:
426:
Opposed to the centralization of power and the absolutism, this religious movement was seen as a plague by the court of
17:
816:
1063:
714:
419:
There was a very strong suspicion in the colonies and in France that the Bishop of Quebec was in fact a follower of
318:
205:
812:
Gosselin, August. "Mgr. de Saint-Vallier et son temps". Nos Racines/Our Roots. (Accessed February 6, 2015). <
541:
Alfred Rambaud. "La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste De." Dictionary of Canadian Biography.
341:
many religious orders in New France. The missions and conversions to Christianity were deemed very important.
997:
189:
1125:
795:
Choquette, Robert. Canada's Religion: An Historical Introduction. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2004.
1150:
1053:
1038:
322:
1023:
1007:
972:
310:
65:
1130:
1194:
1189:
1028:
957:
932:
225:
111:
1078:
987:
1058:
738:
Timothy G. Pearson. Becoming holy in early Canada. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2014. p.110
1093:
752:
600:
383:
150:
869:
Tallon, Alain. 1997. La France et le Concile de Trente, 1518–1563. : École française de Rome.
326:
54:
1083:
887:
853:
847:
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/la_croix_de_chevrieres_de_saint_vallier_jean_baptiste_de_2E
820:
674:
J. S. Pritchard. "In search of empire: the French in the Americas, 1670-1730". pp. 231-234
495:
836:
Pearson, Timothy G. Becoming holy in early Canada. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2014.
873:
789:
863:
490:
427:
880:
1168:
1033:
1002:
330:
362:
debated going further into the Great Lakes in order to continue his investigations.
1088:
293:
in conflicts between Bishop Saint-Vallier, the Jesuits and the seminary of Quebec.
430:
and in New France, where the government system was strongly based on absolutism.
1073:
167:
1145:
306:
171:
760:
555:
August Gosselin. "Mgr. de Saint-Vallier et son temps". Nos Racines/Our Roots.
813:
420:
236:
221:
34:
715:"Quebec's Bishop as Pawn: Sait-Vallier's Imprisonment in England 1704–1709"
256:
216:
146:
1155:
The Diocese of Quebec was elevated to the status of archdiocese in 1819.
806:
334:
314:
599:(2nd ed.). Montreal; Buffalo: McGill-Queen's University Press.
255:; and the installations of religious reformist communities in the
193:
891:
1200:
Burials at the Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec
963:
Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier
40:
Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier
18:
Jean-Baptiste de la Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier
763:
Catholic Encyclopedia - Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Vallier
202:
Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de St. Vallier
874:
http://www.cchahistory.ca/journal/CCHA1998/THOMAS.pdf
790:
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/bouvart_martin_2E.html
864:
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/barbier_marie_2E.html
1118:
1102:
1016:
950:
925:
881:
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/denys_joseph_2E.html
581:
579:
228:, the first Bishop of Quebec. Often referred to as
185:
177:
157:
132:
127:
117:
107:
99:
91:
81:
71:
61:
32:
1205:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1185:18th-century Roman Catholic bishops in New France
1180:17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in New France
346:Canonesses of St. Augustine of the Mercy of Jesus
378:its privileges and came under the usual rule."
204:(November 14, 1653 – December 26, 1727) was a
903:
8:
755:the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
910:
896:
888:
551:
549:
547:
537:
535:
533:
531:
53:
29:
978:François-Louis de Pourroy de Lauberivière
814:http://www.ourroots.ca/f/toc.aspx?id=1702
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
395:at times, domineering and micromanaging.
215:Born in the southeastern French city of
919:Ordinaries of the Archdiocese of Quebec
507:
807:https://www.jstor.org/stable/25154538
7:
390:Quarrels with different institutions
265:Society of Foreign Missions of Paris
261:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec
27:French bishop of Québec (1653–1727)
1110:Charles-François Bailly de Messein
968:Louis-François Duplessis de Mornay
122:Louis-François Duplessis de Mornay
25:
993:Louis-Philippe Mariauchau d'Esgly
983:Henri-Marie Dubreil de Pontbriand
208:prelate who served as the second
1175:Roman Catholic bishops of Quebec
1144:
941:
247:(1688); commissioning architect
597:The Blacks in Canada: a history
253:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires Church
98:
90:
1069:Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve
926:Apostolic Vicars of New France
1:
475:Becoming holy in early Canada
465:Late life, death and epilogue
309:, divided in seven colonies:
259:area. The development of the
249:Hilaire Bernard de La Rivière
1044:Charles-François Baillargeon
585:Pritchard, 2004, pp. 423-425
1064:Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau
1049:Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau
415:Saint-Vallier and Jansenism
1226:
1151:Catholic Church portal
1119:Auxiliary bishops, current
401:Congrégation de Notre-Dame
1139:
939:
713:Thomas, James H. (1998).
241:Hôpital-Général de Québec
52:
45:
703:Claude La Charité. p. 78
595:Winks, Robin W. (1997).
722:CCHA Historical Studies
1039:Pierre-Flavien Turgeon
245:edifice for the bishop
190:Saint-Sulpice Seminary
1024:Joseph-Octave Plessis
1017:Archbishops of Quebec
1008:Joseph-Octave Plessis
973:Pierre-Herman Dosquet
453:Succession of Spain.
448:Capture and detention
66:Roman Catholic Church
1103:Coadjutor archbishop
1029:Bernard-Claude Panet
998:Jean-François Hubert
353:Beginnings as bishop
86:Notre-Dame de Québec
1210:French slave owners
1079:Louis-Albert Vachon
1054:Louis-Nazaire Bégin
988:Jean-Olivier Briand
852:2015-02-27 at the
819:2015-09-24 at the
230:Abbé Saint-Vallier
1162:
1161:
958:François de Laval
951:Bishops of Quebec
933:François de Laval
606:978-0-7735-1631-1
301:Diocese of Quebec
226:François de Laval
199:
198:
112:François de Laval
16:(Redirected from
1217:
1149:
1148:
1131:Martin Laliberté
945:
912:
905:
898:
889:
739:
736:
730:
729:
719:
710:
704:
701:
695:
691:
685:
681:
675:
672:
666:
662:
656:
653:
647:
644:
638:
635:
629:
626:
620:
617:
611:
610:
592:
586:
583:
574:
571:
565:
562:
556:
553:
542:
539:
210:Bishop of Quebec
164:
161:26 December 1727
143:14 November 1653
142:
140:
128:Personal details
103:26 December 1727
57:
47:Bishop of Québec
30:
21:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1143:
1135:
1114:
1098:
1084:Maurice Couture
1059:Paul-Eugène Roy
1012:
946:
937:
921:
916:
886:
854:Wayback Machine
833:pp. 74–85.
821:Wayback Machine
748:
743:
742:
737:
733:
717:
712:
711:
707:
702:
698:
692:
688:
682:
678:
673:
669:
663:
659:
654:
650:
645:
641:
636:
632:
627:
623:
618:
614:
607:
594:
593:
589:
584:
577:
572:
568:
563:
559:
554:
545:
540:
509:
504:
496:Michel Sarrazin
487:
467:
450:
417:
411:to his credit.
392:
355:
303:
290:
273:
206:French Catholic
181:French-Canadian
166:
162:
153:
144:
138:
136:
41:
38:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1094:Gérald Lacroix
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
954:
952:
948:
947:
940:
938:
936:
935:
929:
927:
923:
922:
917:
915:
914:
907:
900:
892:
885:
884:
877:
870:
867:
860:
857:
843:
840:
837:
834:
830:
827:
824:
810:
802:
799:
796:
793:
786:
783:
779:
776:
773:
770:
766:
758:
749:
747:
744:
741:
740:
731:
705:
696:
686:
676:
667:
657:
648:
639:
630:
621:
612:
605:
587:
575:
566:
557:
543:
506:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
493:
491:Michel Bertier
486:
483:
466:
463:
449:
446:
428:King Louis XIV
416:
413:
391:
388:
384:Trois-Rivières
354:
351:
302:
299:
289:
286:
272:
269:
197:
196:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
165:(aged 74)
159:
155:
154:
145:
134:
130:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
50:
49:
43:
42:
39:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:Joseph Signay
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:Pierre Denaut
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
949:
944:
934:
931:
930:
928:
924:
920:
913:
908:
906:
901:
899:
894:
893:
890:
882:
878:
875:
871:
868:
865:
861:
858:
855:
851:
848:
844:
841:
838:
835:
831:
828:
825:
822:
818:
815:
811:
808:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
787:
784:
780:
777:
774:
771:
767:
765:
764:
759:
757:
756:
753:Biography at
751:
750:
745:
735:
732:
727:
723:
716:
709:
706:
700:
697:
690:
687:
680:
677:
671:
668:
661:
658:
652:
649:
643:
640:
634:
631:
625:
622:
616:
613:
608:
602:
598:
591:
588:
582:
580:
576:
570:
567:
561:
558:
552:
550:
548:
544:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
508:
501:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
484:
482:
478:
476:
471:
464:
462:
458:
454:
447:
445:
441:
438:
435:
431:
429:
424:
422:
414:
412:
408:
404:
402:
396:
389:
387:
385:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
352:
350:
347:
342:
338:
336:
332:
331:Upper Country
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
300:
298:
294:
287:
285:
281:
277:
270:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
160:
156:
152:
148:
135:
131:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
94:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
51:
48:
44:
36:
31:
19:
1126:Marc Pelchat
1089:Marc Ouellet
962:
762:
754:
746:Bibliography
734:
725:
721:
708:
699:
689:
679:
670:
660:
651:
642:
633:
624:
615:
596:
590:
569:
560:
479:
474:
472:
468:
459:
455:
451:
442:
439:
436:
432:
425:
418:
409:
405:
397:
393:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
343:
339:
311:Newfoundland
304:
295:
291:
282:
278:
274:
243:(1692); the
234:
229:
214:
201:
200:
163:(1727-12-26)
1195:1727 deaths
1190:1653 births
1074:Maurice Roy
728:: 151–160 .
178:Nationality
168:Quebec City
108:Predecessor
95:7 July 1687
1169:Categories
665:l’Anglais.
502:References
319:Île Royale
307:New France
271:Early life
172:New France
139:1653-11-14
100:Term ended
421:Jansenism
323:Louisiana
251:to build
237:Jansenism
222:Louis XIV
186:Education
118:Successor
92:Installed
35:His Grace
850:Archived
817:Archived
485:See also
327:Illinois
288:Ideology
257:Montreal
217:Grenoble
147:Grenoble
72:Diocese
603:
335:Canada
315:Acadia
151:France
76:Québec
62:Church
883:.>
866:.>
856:.>
792:.>
769:1702.
718:(PDF)
694:1702.
194:Paris
876:>
823:>
809:>
805:<
782:1703
761:the
601:ISBN
333:and
224:and
158:Died
133:Born
212:.
82:See
1171::
726:64
724:.
720:.
684:78
578:^
546:^
510:^
386:.
329:,
325:,
321:,
317:,
313:,
267:.
192:,
170:,
149:,
911:e
904:t
897:v
609:.
141:)
137:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
