94:
1860:
20:
1847:
325:
117:
jebena until it bubbles up. To pour the coffee from the jebena, a filter made from horsehair or other material is placed in the spout of the jebena to prevent the grounds from escaping. The advantage of the earthenware flask over metal and glass coffee-pots is that it keeps the liquid hot for a longer period of time.
264:, and decorative painting are also common where the jebena is used as status or social symbol in Ethiopian society. These styles of decorations are usually reserved for the upper class and royalty. Other decorations consist of painting the outside with different, bright, colours or traditional dot paintings.
304:
The water in the jebena, along with the coffee grounds, is then boiled on a medium-sized fire made with hot coals on a fire pit on the ground. When the coffee is finished brewing, it is poured into small clay or porcelain cups through a sieve to catch the fine coffee ground, and served with the small
170:
Brewing coffee is tied closely to womanhood in
Ethiopia and in the Horn of Africa. When brewing coffee with the jebena, the youngest woman of the family is always the one to initiate the process. Brewing coffee in the jebena is also a distinctly social event, where during the time it takes to prepare
240:
The jebena has a long, neck-like spout, and a handle to pour with. The base of the jebena is normally large and circular, with a flat bottom so that it can balance on the surfaces without falling over. The top of the jebena is usually curved so that pouring in water and coffee grounds is easier. The
300:
have been roasted and ground, which can take up to forty five minutes, the coffee is brewed in the jebena and served in three separate stages. While the beans are being roasted in preparation to be put in the jebena, popcorn or other small snacks are passed around. Of the three stages, the first is
244:
It is normally placed on a small decorative cloth throne or on hay to stop its base, which has usually just been exposed to flames, from burning anything. There is also normally a plug at the top, made of cloth, straw or clay, to stop any water from spilling out. More modern jebena's may be made of
230:
Arguably the most important feature of the ceremony is the jebena, the coffee pot. The jebena is made from clay and has a round bottom with a narrow spout and a handle on the side. Its shape and design are reflective of the ethnic identity of the host, whether it has a large bottom or an additional
116:
The jebena, containing ground, roasted coffee beans and water, is laid directly upon hot coals to bring the water to a brewing temperature. Typically, when the coffee boils up through the jebena's neck, it is poured in and out of another container to cool it. The liquid is then poured back into the
245:
porcelain or metal, resembling a more traditional western coffee pot. The size of the jebena is usually approximately 20–45 cm (7.9–17.7 in) tall. This is because it is normal to refill the jebena and brew more coffee multiple times in one coffee ceremony, so a large pot is not required.
112:
It is usually made of clay and has a neck and pouring spout, and a handle where the neck connects with the base. The jebenas used in
Ethiopia commonly have a spout, whereas those utilized in Eritrea usually do not. It is of a medium size, with a neck, a spout and a handle, as well as some regional
287:
Coffee is brewed in a jebena three times a day, in the morning, at noon and in the evening. When coffee is being prepared, it is normally time for men and women to mingle and converse separately. The matriarch or the youngest woman of a household is traditionally the person who initiates the
278:
The clay cups used to serve coffee are normally made of the same clay, and are decorated/presented in a similar manner to the jebena, and are known as 'sini'. They are normally placed on a metal tray, and this metal tray is used to serve the coffee to participants in the bunna.
248:
The appearance of the jebena differs slightly, depending on the regions of
Ethiopia and East Africa. Most commonly, it will be made of locally sourced clay by an elderly female. Villages often specialise in making specific types of jebenas, as well as the cup used in the
312:
ceremony. Usually, no sugar, butter or milk is added to the coffee while it is brewing or once it has been served out of the jebena, and the coffee is served to persons sitting on the ground, with the host preparing a tray of cups to deliver to individuals.
131:
In
Ethiopia they use a slightly different variation, theirs having a separate spout lower on the pot for pouring out the coffee. In Eritrea the jebena has only one spout at the top, used both for filling with water and grinds and for pouring out the coffee.
218:
ceremony is negated by the absence of a jebena. Because of this, the long time it takes to brew coffee in the jebena allows migrant families time to connect and furthers the collective identity women and families have built with their home nation.
301:
known as the awel, the second, the kale'i and the third, the baraka. The first of these stages, the coffee is strong and potent, with each preceding serving having slightly more dilute coffee. In total all three stages usually take two hours.
669:
Lyons, Diane; Ferguson, Jeffrey; Harlow, Diana; Casey, Joanna (2018-09-04). "Marginalized
Potters and Ceramic Compositional Groups: Neutron Activation Analysis of Contemporary Pottery from Tigray, Northern Highland Ethiopia".
213:
The jebena is also tied closely to womanhood amongst migrant families. The jebena represents a delineated routine of the
Ethiopian coffee ceremony, and despite families not being in their home nation, the ritual of the
292:
ceremony and begins the process of preparing the coffee beans to be brewed in the jebena. Coffee beans are washed, roasted and then ground by women, and often mixed with spices before the coffee begins to be brewed.
204:
will announce to all persons in the household that it is taking place, and will invite people to enjoy the ritual before beginning to roast the beans and starting the process of making coffee in the jebena.
305:
snacks that were consumed while the coffee was prepared. Small cups are used so that three small servings of coffee can be drunk, allowing participants to consume all three separate stages of brewing.
231:
spout to pour out the coffee. While certain elements of the coffee ceremony can be tweaked, modernized or all together left out, the jebena has remained the center piece throughout
Ethiopia and abroad.
150:
The most commonly held belief on the origin of the coffee bean was that it was first discovered by a goat farmer in
Ethiopia after noticing the effect it had on his goats after consuming the beans.
153:
The jebena holds a significant place in
Ethiopian and Eritrean culture. Families will usually have only one, and it is normally passed down from generation to generation as a practical, ornate
241:
neck of the spout in the jebena is intentionally very narrow, acting as a strainer so no grounds come out when pouring the coffee, so that the coffee requires less straining through a sieve.
271:
The
Ethiopian variant has a separate spout to pour the water into and a spout to pour the coffee out from. In some areas where butter is added to the coffee, jebenas may have two spouts.
308:
While the coffee is being prepared in the jebena, a woman will often light incense to create a more relaxing atmosphere in the home, and to further complete the ritual of the
1610:
157:. The jebena can be described as an 'artifact', as well as a tool, as it represents significant shared cultural experience and status in Ethiopian and Eritrean culture.
413:
274:
Eritrean variants of the jebena are made in a similar fashion, but only possess one spout for water to be poured in from, and for coffee to be poured out from.
135:
It is considered a staple household object in Ethiopia, with decorations and designs being used to represent social status. It has a close association to the
1810:
556:"In Ethiopia, there's a remarkably elaborate ceremony that shows how coffee turns into a drink from a fruit — here's what it's like to participate"
1580:
106:
864:
646:
The Comforts of Coffee: The Role of the Coffee Ceremony in Ethiopians' Efforts to Cope with Social Upheaval during the Derg Regime (1974-1991)
224:
The Comforts of Coffee: The Role of the Coffee Ceremony in Ethiopians' Efforts to Cope with Social Upheaval during the Derg Regime (1974-1991)
527:
1759:
361:
391:
Stefanie SpencerStefanie writes for the Voice in the Desert newspaper, a local paper serving Cochise County, Arizona. (2015-04-29).
452:
778:
1210:
919:
200:
ceremony three times a day, preparing a pot of coffee in the jebena each time. On each occasion, the woman preparing the
23:
Traditional jebena from central Ethiopia, distinguished from northern Ethiopian and southern Eritrean pots by its spout
1886:
1764:
1544:
1190:
182:. As a result, a highly decorated jebena is a sign of wealth and status amongst families in Ethiopia and Eritrea.
1921:
1891:
113:
variants possessing straw lids, and an extra spout to pour the coffee out of, as well as different shaped bases.
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1539:
1508:
899:
816:
1896:
1534:
338:
1820:
1258:
1112:
1044:
48:
1625:
1478:
1373:
1220:
1156:
1488:
1268:
555:
142:
There is a small restaurant in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, made in an image of an Ethiopian jebena figure.
93:
1785:
1388:
924:
884:
821:
771:
1825:
1683:
1378:
1205:
972:
801:
66:
1830:
1087:
1059:
944:
857:
852:
695:
1738:
1643:
1298:
1233:
392:
427:
1769:
1714:
1635:
1393:
1288:
1273:
1195:
949:
874:
842:
826:
811:
806:
742:
687:
626:
584:
533:
523:
407:
179:
19:
520:
Being a good ethiopian woman : participation in the"buna" (coffee) ceremony and identity
1800:
1673:
1570:
1463:
1458:
1358:
1146:
1107:
679:
649:
618:
267:
Regional variations also exist, with different main styles, the Ethiopian and the Eritrean:
31:
369:
1864:
1731:
1428:
993:
979:
934:
869:
764:
39:
1278:
1263:
460:
1795:
1595:
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1565:
1513:
1498:
1438:
1423:
1338:
1333:
1318:
1303:
1293:
1200:
1168:
1000:
954:
929:
914:
908:
879:
847:
713:
1880:
1851:
1815:
1663:
1600:
1283:
1253:
1243:
1238:
1082:
1072:
985:
964:
739:
Beyond the coffee ceremony : women's agency in western Tigray, northern Ethiopia
699:
330:
189:
ceremony, if a jebena is not used to prepare and boil the coffee, by all accounts, a
74:
1678:
1658:
1575:
1503:
1493:
1408:
1398:
1173:
1163:
1029:
482:
1805:
1605:
1418:
1383:
1363:
1323:
1151:
1119:
1102:
1039:
959:
939:
297:
1790:
1709:
1648:
1473:
1453:
1443:
1413:
1353:
1343:
1308:
1097:
1006:
683:
654:
320:
746:
691:
630:
588:
537:
1726:
1653:
1620:
1615:
1585:
1518:
1483:
1313:
1139:
1067:
603:
1846:
324:
109:, where women serve coffee to their guests in small clay or ceramic pots.
1368:
1348:
1228:
1185:
1180:
1124:
1034:
1024:
622:
174:
The ornate nature of a jebena makes it a coveted item for a family, with
154:
59:
1668:
1560:
1328:
1248:
1049:
261:
175:
70:
63:
1688:
1468:
1129:
894:
787:
258:
98:
1721:
1693:
1448:
1433:
1403:
1134:
1092:
92:
78:
18:
1743:
254:
760:
483:"Coffee House (Jebene bet) at the Crown Hotel, Addis Ababa"
97:
The northern Jebena has no spout and is used in Eritrea,
756:
171:
the beans and brew the coffee, families will socialise.
428:"Coffee Cultures: Eritrea and Ethiopia - I Need Coffee"
128:
is used to contain the coffee poured from the jebena.
581:
Variations in pottery making in southwestern Ethiopia
178:
in Ethiopia often not having access to tools such as
604:"Palestinian Refugee Camps: From Shelter to Habitat"
53:
1778:
1752:
1702:
1634:
1553:
1527:
1219:
1058:
1017:
893:
835:
794:
253:, known as the 'sini'. Ornate decorations, such as
196:A household would traditionally participate in the
139:, and the rich history of coffee in Ethiopia.
772:
8:
412:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
362:"Ethiopian Coffee Ceremony: Jebena and Cini"
779:
765:
757:
120:In Ethiopia, a small pottery cup called a
653:
185:Because of the ritualistic nature of the
1811:Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment
105:The jebena is most commonly used in the
1581:Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea
393:"Coffee Cultures: Eritrea and Ethiopia"
350:
226:, D. Daniel writes of the jebena:
107:coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea
865:List of countries by coffee production
453:"Restaurants in Ethiopia: Addis Ababa"
405:
7:
549:
547:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
356:
354:
602:Rueff, H.; Viaro, A. (2009-01-01).
43:
1760:United States Barista Championship
81:, and the coffee itself is called
14:
518:Brinkerhoff, Jennifer A. (2012).
1859:
1858:
1845:
323:
16:Traditional Ethiopian coffee pot
648:(Thesis). Carleton University.
193:ceremony is not taking place.
1:
1211:Single-serve coffee container
672:African Archaeological Review
77:. It is also widely used in
54:
1940:
1765:World Barista Championship
1191:Neapolitan flip coffee pot
1839:
684:10.1007/s10437-018-9311-5
35:
817:International Coffee Day
737:Mjaaland, Thera (2004).
611:Refugee Survey Quarterly
1611:Historical coffeehouses
655:10.22215/etd/2016-11668
457:ethiopianrestaurant.com
366:ethiopianrestaurant.com
339:List of cooking vessels
1821:Coffee vending machine
1045:Furan-2-ylmethanethiol
741:. University Of Oslo.
644:Daniel, Dahay (2016).
233:
102:
24:
1626:Viennese coffee house
1157:Karlsbad coffee maker
714:"Ceremony – KafaBuna"
228:
96:
22:
1786:Coffee and doughnuts
1389:Indian filter coffee
822:Single-origin coffee
209:Migrants of Ethiopia
1826:Used coffee grounds
487:crownhoteladdis.com
463:on February 8, 2014
372:on February 8, 2014
58:) is a traditional
1831:Sustainable coffee
1528:Organization lists
1489:RĂĽdesheimer Kaffee
1269:Café com cheirinho
858:Sustainable coffee
853:Shade-grown coffee
623:10.1093/rsq/hdp041
554:Stoclet, Natalie.
103:
25:
1887:Ethiopian cuisine
1874:
1873:
1852:Coffee portal
1770:World Brewers Cup
1394:Ipoh white coffee
875:Coffee wastewater
843:Coffee production
827:Third-wave coffee
529:978-1-249-06613-2
73:and used to brew
52:
1929:
1922:Sudanese cuisine
1892:Eritrean cuisine
1865:Category: Coffee
1862:
1861:
1850:
1849:
1801:Coffee leaf rust
1674:Dandelion coffee
1540:Coffee companies
1379:Gassosa al caffè
1147:Espresso machine
781:
774:
767:
758:
751:
750:
734:
728:
727:
725:
724:
710:
704:
703:
666:
660:
659:
657:
641:
635:
634:
617:(2–3): 339–359.
608:
599:
593:
592:
576:
570:
569:
567:
566:
551:
542:
541:
515:
498:
497:
495:
493:
479:
473:
472:
470:
468:
459:. Archived from
449:
443:
442:
440:
439:
424:
418:
417:
411:
403:
401:
400:
388:
382:
381:
379:
377:
368:. Archived from
358:
333:
328:
327:
57:
47:
45:
37:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1917:Utility vessels
1912:African pottery
1907:Serving vessels
1902:Cooking vessels
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1844:
1835:
1774:
1748:
1703:Serving vessels
1698:
1630:
1549:
1523:
1429:Latte macchiato
1299:Caffè macchiato
1215:
1054:
1013:
898:
889:
870:Coffee roasting
831:
790:
785:
755:
754:
736:
735:
731:
722:
720:
712:
711:
707:
668:
667:
663:
643:
642:
638:
606:
601:
600:
596:
579:Kaneko, Morie.
578:
577:
573:
564:
562:
553:
552:
545:
530:
517:
516:
501:
491:
489:
481:
480:
476:
466:
464:
451:
450:
446:
437:
435:
426:
425:
421:
404:
398:
396:
395:. I Need Coffee
390:
389:
385:
375:
373:
360:
359:
352:
347:
329:
322:
319:
285:
238:
211:
180:potter's wheels
168:
163:
148:
91:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1897:Pottery shapes
1894:
1889:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1855:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1796:Coffee service
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1596:Coffee cupping
1593:
1591:Coffee culture
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1566:Bikini barista
1563:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1514:Wiener Melange
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:Turkish coffee
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Liqueur coffee
1436:
1431:
1426:
1424:Kurdish coffee
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Dalgona coffee
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Coffee cabinet
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1289:Caffè corretto
1286:
1281:
1276:
1274:Café con leche
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Turkish coffee
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1169:Instant coffee
1166:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
997:
990:
989:
988:
976:
969:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
904:
902:
891:
890:
888:
887:
882:
880:Decaffeination
877:
872:
867:
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
848:Organic coffee
839:
837:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
798:
796:
792:
791:
786:
784:
783:
776:
769:
761:
753:
752:
729:
705:
678:(4): 567–595.
661:
636:
594:
571:
543:
528:
499:
474:
444:
419:
383:
349:
348:
346:
343:
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210:
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167:
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147:
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90:
87:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1935:
1934:
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1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:Canned coffee
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
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1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
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1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Cereal coffee
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Barley coffee
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:Coffee palace
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:Caffè sospeso
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
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1753:Competitions
1739:Tasse à café
1576:Coffee break
1545:Coffeehouses
1535:Bakery cafés
1504:White coffee
1494:Tenom coffee
1399:Irish coffee
1279:Café de olla
1264:Café au lait
1206:Vacuum maker
1174:Coffee syrup
1164:French press
1077:
1030:Caffeic acid
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973:Charrieriana
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721:. Retrieved
718:kafabuna.com
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563:. Retrieved
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492:February 11,
490:. Retrieved
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467:February 11,
465:. Retrieved
461:the original
456:
447:
436:. Retrieved
434:. 2015-04-29
431:
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397:. Retrieved
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376:February 11,
374:. Retrieved
370:the original
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101:, and Sudan.
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1806:Coffee wars
1636:Substitutes
1606:Coffeehouse
1419:Kopi tubruk
1384:Iced coffee
1364:Frappuccino
1334:Café Cubano
1324:Coffee milk
1304:Caffè mocha
1294:Caffè crema
1152:French drip
1120:Drip coffee
1103:Coffeemaker
1060:Preparation
1040:Coffee bean
945:Maracaturra
1881:Categories
1791:Coffee bag
1710:Coffee cup
1649:Barley tea
1474:Raf coffee
1454:Marocchino
1444:Long black
1414:Kopi luwak
1354:Flat white
1344:Egg coffee
1309:Cappuccino
1284:Café Touba
1196:Percolator
1098:Chorreador
1018:Components
950:Maragogipe
836:Production
807:Fair trade
723:2020-05-29
565:2020-05-29
438:2018-04-09
399:2019-11-22
345:References
296:After the
236:Appearance
161:Prevalence
1727:Demitasse
1654:Barleycup
1621:Latte art
1616:Kopi tiam
1586:CoffeeCon
1554:Lifestyle
1519:Yuenyeung
1484:Ristretto
1314:Carajillo
1234:Americano
1140:ristretto
1108:Cold brew
1068:AeroPress
925:Bonifieur
900:varieties
802:Economics
747:702142448
700:165698363
692:0263-0338
631:1020-4067
589:820676092
538:934030007
60:Ethiopian
49:romanized
1684:Maya nut
1459:Mazagran
1349:Espresso
1229:Affogato
1186:Moka pot
1181:Knockbox
1125:Espresso
1035:Caffeine
1025:Cafestol
994:Racemosa
980:Liberica
408:cite web
317:See also
166:Ethiopia
155:heirloom
89:Overview
69:made of
64:Eritrean
1669:Chicory
1561:Barista
1479:Red eye
1464:Moretta
1329:Cortado
1249:Bicerin
1050:Kahweol
1001:Robusta
955:Molokai
930:Bourbon
915:Benguet
909:Arabica
895:Species
812:History
560:Insider
262:plating
176:potters
146:History
71:pottery
51::
32:Amharic
1863:
1715:sleeve
1689:Postum
1469:Oliang
1374:Garoto
1130:doppio
1088:Chemex
1078:Jebena
986:Barako
965:Sagada
935:Geisha
795:Topics
788:Coffee
745:
698:
690:
629:
587:
536:
526:
259:silver
126:finjal
99:Tigray
55:jabana
40:Arabic
28:Jebena
1779:Misc.
1732:spoon
1722:Cezve
1694:Qishr
1449:Lungo
1434:Latte
1404:Karsk
1369:GalĂŁo
1135:lungo
1113:nitro
1093:Cezve
696:S2CID
607:(PDF)
310:bunna
298:beans
290:bunna
283:Usage
251:bunna
216:bunna
202:bunna
198:bunna
191:bunna
137:bunna
83:bunna
79:Sudan
67:flask
1744:Zarf
1679:Inka
1659:Caro
1409:Kopi
1244:Bica
1007:Sulu
960:S795
940:Kona
897:and
743:OCLC
688:ISSN
627:ISSN
585:OCLC
534:OCLC
524:ISBN
494:2015
469:2015
414:link
378:2015
255:gold
187:buna
122:sini
62:and
44:جبنة
680:doi
650:doi
619:doi
257:or
124:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
