461:. The overall footprint of the interior space was to be preserved and a historically accurate restoration helped to restore the plaster walls, the interior window frames that were designed with curved-corners, and the modillion blocks at the buildings eaves. The concrete ceilings were left exposed and are crisscrossed with a modern intricate weaving of utility conduits, which avoided the need to modify the interior walls. Exterior preservation was also monitored to ensure historical accuracy. An archaeological survey of the property was required to precede construction to be sure that existing graves were not disturbed since the site was a designated State Archaeological Landmark. Many of the exterior bricks had to be replaced and the walls repointed. The roof where the children's garden and playground once sat was replicated with asphalt of a similar color to the original tile that had fallen into severe disrepair.
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333:, one of the oldest sites in Houston, which was active until the 1880s (a.k.a., Old Houston City Cemetery). Over the next few decades, thousands of people were buried on the site and it became the final resting place for over 6,000 Confederate soldiers, former slaves, and city officials. Also included among the graves were thousands of victims of the yellow fever and cholera epidemics. Use of the location as a cemetery by the city discontinued in 1879, although family burials continued into the 1890s. By the early 1900s, the cemetery was in a gross state of deterioration due to a lack of maintenance, causing the city to reconsider use of the location for public health services.
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385:, which are theorized to have been left by an English colony dating back to the 1600s. Reports of paranormal activity in the probation building have included: noises in the attic, a woman spotted in the upper stories that is believed to have been used as a dormitory for the nurses who worked at Jefferson Davis Hospital, and figures entering the ladies' restroom never to be seen again, and police dogs which refused to enter the building when a fire alarm was triggered.
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ridge, enhanced the flow of cross-through breezes. The tall stature of the building emphasized ventilation, which was considered as a method of combating airborne illnesses and increase the spirits of the critically ill and dying who inhabited the facilities. The second and third floors of the building featured two screened balconies to allow patients an opportunity to enjoy fresh-air without having to leave the hospital premises.
286:, Architect for the City of Houston, the building for Jefferson Davis Hospital was constructed as a 4-story red brick Classical-revival style structure with handsomely detailed façade that included stone veneers and rows of double-hung windows. The design was considered quite modern at the time of its construction and represented the architectural elements that were favored in the early 1900s for hospital design.
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indistinguishable bodily fluids. Each room has become the repository for a different type of junk: old gurneys, office furniture, surgical scrubs. A nurse's station is piled waist-high with filthy mattresses. A restroom floor is lined, wall to wall, with bags of plastic cups and lids. Weeds grow out of every crack. Trees have somehow taken root in the concrete sills of blown-out windows."
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Restoration was completed on the former
Jefferson Davis Hospital building in 2005, although an unrestored building remained on the East side of the property. In 2013, the remaining unrestored portion of the historic Jefferson Davis Hospital Building was destroyed in a two-alarm fire that resulted in
429:
On June 20, 2002, the Harris County
Commissioners approved the sale of Jefferson Davis Hospital to Avenue Community Development Corporation (popularly known as Avenue CDC) and ArtSpace Projects Inc. of Minneapolis, which pledged to rehabilitate the dilapidated property. The building was in a severe
376:
During the period following the closing of
Jefferson Davis Hospital, the building underwent numerous tenancy transfers. Initial propositions included using the facility as a contagious disease center. The building was first retained by the Harris County Hospital District as a medical records storage
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Secondary city-operated medical services were offered in the building until 1939 when the remaining clinical facilities relocated to
Buffalo Drive (now known as Allen Parkway) in a facility called Jefferson Davis, which later become a community clinic and psychiatric treatment center. The similarity
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Construction was completed in 1924 and the hospital opened its doors to patients in 1925 under the joint operation of the City of
Houston and Harris County. However, use of the building as a municipal medical facility was short-lived, lasting only 13 years. By the late 1930s, the rapid metropolitan
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Efforts towards rehabilitation began in 2003, resulting in what was to become a substantial $ 6.3 million renovation project. The project would convert the former hospital quarters into a combined total of 34 artist lofts and residential housing units occupying a total space of 39,000 square feet,
341:
In the early 1920s, the
Houston City Council began planning the construction of Jefferson Davis Hospital. Controversy erupted over the proposal that the hospital would disturb the graves of those buried in the former municipal cemetery. When construction began in 1924, the basement of the building
315:
In 2005, W.O. Neohaus and
Associates in collaboration with Development Partner Avenue Community Development Corporation, underwent a $ 6.3 million renovation project sponsored by Artspace to restore the building. The original architectural features have been preserved, which included the terrazzi
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In contrast to the lavish exterior, the interior features of the building were simple and unadorned, which appropriately reflected its establishment as a charity hospital for the indigent. Terrazo flooring was featured in the original construction and was included in later restorative efforts. A
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The architect leveraged high ceilings and rows of numerous large windows to harness sunlight and increase ventilation, thus avoiding the cost of more expensive decorative adornments. The raised placement of the building atop an above-ground basement, paired with the buildings location on a high
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Following its completion the building was renamed the Elder Street
Artists Lofts. The 34 residential/studio units were originally intended for only artists' occupancy, but was later opened to the community-at-large. Residents of the City of Houston applauded the rehabilitation, resulting in its
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style that was popular in the early 20th century. The building entrance is a square portico that is framed by four monumental Ionic fluted capital and pilaster columns. The front façade features several square rock stone walls that are believed to have been either gravestones salvaged from the
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Half the windows in the four-story building are boarded up. The rest are wide open to the weather, which, along with a generation or two of vandals and squatters, has wreaked havoc on the inside. Plaster curls off the walls. The dirt-encrusted floors are covered with glass slides stained with
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The two floor nurse's quarters, built in the mid-1920s, were designed by W.A. Dowdy, an architect working for the city government. A January 2017 storm damaged the building's roof. Due to the damage it ultimately did not receive historic status, and the county proposed demolition that year.
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facility. Later tenants included a probation office, a convalescent home, a venereal disease clinic, a home for juvenile delinquents, a food stamp distribution site, a drug treatment center and a storage facility for the county from the 1960s to the 1980s until its abandonment.
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soldiers, former slaves, and city officials were laid to rest. The municipal cemetery operated on the lot from 1840 until the mid-1890s when it fell into decay, resulting in the reclassification of the lot for use as a municipal hospital by the
Houston City Council in the 1920s.
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The probation office also inhabited a building next to the site that is also rumored to be haunted, due to its sharing of the same cemetery as the hospital building, the morgue of the former
Jefferson Davis Hospital, and because it is bordered by the
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between the two facilities, Jefferson Davis Hospital and Jefferson Davis on Allen Parkway, has been the source of confusion for many commentators, resulting in false rumors that Jefferson Davis Hospital was once a mental asylum.
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also granted $ 200,000 for environmental clean-up that included asbestos abatement, lead abatement, and the removal of an underground storage tank. Construction planning commenced in 2003 and work began on September 23, 2004.
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was placed above ground in the effort to dispel the public controversy and to leave the graves undisturbed. Although many graves were relocated, later discoveries revealed that there had been no widespread removal of remains.
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original cemetery or flower beds, although neither use has been confirmed. Other neo-classical elements included keystones over the basement windows and keystones over the pedimented entry doors at the basement level.
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During the two decade period from 1989 to 2005 > (2008) the building stood vacant and fell into a gradual state of disrepair . The Houston Press remarked on the state of the building's decay in a 2001 article:
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floors, the high ceilings and the large window openings. The project added a partial "green" roof, making it the first Artspace project to feature this environmentally sustainable amenity.
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31 July 2003: A group of college students looking for ghosts was robbed on the premises. KTRK Television reports that the robbers fired gunshots at them, but no one was hurt.
349:, former president of the Confederacy, on account of the Confederate soldiers who had been buried in the cemetery and as a means to console the families of the deceased.
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and is monitored by the Historic Preservation Office of the City of Houston Department of Planning and Development. The property has been reoccupied by ArtSpace as the
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Senator John Cornyn's office described the building as, "a magnet for gangs and the homeless, as well as an attractive nuisance for youths." Due to its reputation for
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In 1995, the site of the former Jefferson Davis Hospital was listed as a State Archaeological Landmark because of the lot's prior use as a major municipal cemetery.
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Prior to the construction of the hospital building, the lot was used as the former municipal cemetery and burial grounds for the City of Houston where thousands of
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In March 2002, the City of Houston Archeological and Historical Commission (HAHC) approved the notion of declaring the building a city landmark.
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children's rooftop garden and playground also enhanced the traversable function of the building without increasing its overall size.
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growth of the Houston area rendered the building inadequate to support the healthcare needs of indigent population.
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Jeff Davis Hospital, several Houston houses receive landmark designation Houston Chronicle Retrieved 12 July 2014
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Prior to its construction, the property was first used as a municipal cemetery beginning in the 1840s to replace
1207:." Art Space. Retrieved on April 26, 2018. Compare the street address to the following school attendance maps.
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http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Jeff-Davis-Hospital-several-Houston-houses-4996185.php
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operated from 1924 to 1989 and was the first centralized municipal hospital to treat indigent patients in
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On January 1, 1938, the city's primary municipal medical services relocated to the area now known as the
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now designated as the Elder Street Artist Lofts. Funding for the project was provided in part by the
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The former Jefferson Davis Hospital building was featured in the Hollywood production of
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one casualty by a Houston firefighter struck by a falling piece of burning tile.
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The cast stone detailing, portico, and brick corner quoins, are elements of the
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251:, was designated as a protected historic landmark on November 13, 2013, by the
1152:"Harris County proposes demolishing Jefferson Davis Hospital nurses quarters"
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Due to the site's designation as a historical landmark and building, the
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since 2005, which provides 24 live/work units for local artists to rent.
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Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
968:"Part of the Historic Jefferson Davis Hospital Burns in Overnight Fire"
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935:"The Haunted Jefferson Davis Hospital: This Forgotten Day in Houston"
495:(HISD), and the zoned schools are Crockett Elementary School in the
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as the location where the fictitious drug "nuke" was manufactured.
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488:. HGTV presented the developers with a "Restore America award".
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state of dilapidation due to its prolonged period of vacancy.
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The location of the former hospital has gained notoriety as a
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Historical declaration and rehabilitation (2002 to present)
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899:"Historic Marker Application: Jefferson Davis Hospital"
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Operating years of Jefferson Davis Hospital (1924–1938)
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364:. The hospital officially closed its doors in 1939.
593:"Old Jeff Davis Hospital gets Long-term Protection"
457:carefully monitored the rehabilitation through the
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776:. Houston Archaeological and Historical Commission
1369:Historically black hospitals in the United States
266:due to public perception of its haunted origins.
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1339:National Register of Historic Places in Houston
1123:"Elder Street Artists Lofts Printable Brochure"
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876:. United States Environmental Protection Agency
770:"Jefferson Davis Hospital (Elder Street Lofts)"
447:United States Environmental Protection Agency
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1218:Crockett Elementary School Attendance Zone
1033:. Houston Press. p. 1. Archived from
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1384:Abandoned hospitals in the United States
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867:"Artists Call A Former Brownfield Home"
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397:Jefferson Davis Hospital pre-renovation
1092:"The Houston Bucket List: Near Misses"
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563:"National Register Information System"
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1379:Reportedly haunted locations in Texas
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591:Freemantle, Jeff (25 November 2013).
507:(formerly Reagan High School) in the
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1349:Hospital buildings completed in 1924
1313:National Register of Historic Places
568:National Register of Historic Places
245:National Register of Historic Places
1256:Houston Independent School District
1252:Heights High School Attendance Zone
1239:Houston Independent School District
1222:Houston Independent School District
493:Houston Independent School District
389:Abandonment and vacancy (1989–2003)
1235:Hogg Middle School Attendance Zone
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1359:Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
1059:Dylan Otto Krider (18 Oct 2001).
933:Gonzales, Carolina (2 Oct 2015).
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325:Pre-construction era (1840–1924)
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1067:. Houston Press. Archived from
1005:. Texas Monthly. Archived from
832:"New Life for An Historic Site"
803:"New Life for An Historic Site"
455:U.S. Department of the Interior
1258:. Retrieved on April 26, 2018.
1241:. Retrieved on April 26, 2018.
1224:. Retrieved on April 26, 2018.
1025:Brian Wallstin (6 July 2000).
997:Harrigan, Stephen (Jan 1980).
211:
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61:The renovated building in 2010
1:
1090:Jef With One F (7 Aug 2013).
249:Houston's Historic First Ward
113:Show map of the United States
1344:1924 establishments in Texas
1150:Zaveri, Mihir (2017-04-25).
1027:"Renovated Out of Existence"
16:United States historic place
1177:Keith Plocek (8 Aug 2007).
903:The Portal to Texas History
688:"Elder Street Artist Lofts"
638:"Elder Street Artist Lofts"
459:Texas Historical Commission
345:The hospital was named for
247:. The building, located in
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837:. Artspace. Archived from
257:Elder Street Artists Lofts
1272:Elder Street Artist Lofts
1205:Elder Street Artist Lofts
491:The lofts are within the
362:Ben Taub General Hospital
197:NRHP reference
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499:, Hogg Middle School in
233:Jefferson Davis Hospital
187:Architectural style
27:Jefferson Davis Hospital
1374:Joseph Finger buildings
774:houstonpreservation.org
482:issue published by the
271:Confederate States Army
1061:"They See Dead People"
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360:in what was to become
243:. It is listed in the
573:National Park Service
480:2006 Best of Houston®
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368:Mixed use (1938–1989)
320:Occupancy and tenants
155:29.76944°N 95.36861°W
1334:Hospitals in Houston
692:Houston Architecture
642:Elder Street Artists
597:houstonchronicle.com
540:Six wards of Houston
443:Harris County, Texas
358:Texas Medical Center
264:stigmatized property
253:Houston City Council
223:Designated RTHL
1364:Municipal hospitals
978:on 27 February 2014
941:. Houston Chronicle
905:. 22 September 2008
599:. Houston Chronicle
505:Heights High School
413:paranormal activity
284:Wilkes Alfred Dowdy
278:Architectural style
160:29.76944; -95.36861
151: /
1329:History of Houston
1277:2014-07-14 at the
999:"The Baby Factory"
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383:black earth graves
1157:Houston Chronicle
331:Old City Cemetery
296:Classical Revival
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88:Show map of Texas
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