480:
Daphne, near
Antiochia, Nebuchadnezzar received the Great Sanhedrin, to whom he announced that he would not destroy the Temple if the king were delivered up to him. When the king heard this resolution of Nebuchadnezzar he went upon the roof of the Temple, and, turning to heaven, held up the Temple keys, saying: "As you no longer consider us worthy to be your ministers, take the keys that you have entrusted to us until now." Then a miracle happened; for a fiery hand appeared and took the keys, or, as others say, the keys remained suspended in the air where the king had thrown them (Lev. R. l.c.; Yer. Sheḳ. vi. 50a; other versions of the legend of the keys are given in Ta'an. 29a; Pesiḳ. R. 26 , and Syriac Apoc. Baruch, x. 18). The king as well as all the scholars and nobles of Judah were then carried away captive by Nebuchadnezzar (Seder 'Olam R. l.c.; compare Ratner's remark ad loc.). According to Josephus, Jehoiachin gave up the city and his relatives to Nebuchadnezzar, who took an oath that neither they nor the city should be harmed. But the Babylonian king broke his word; for scarcely a year had elapsed when he led the king and many others into captivity.
315:
746:
from Adar of 597 BCE, the month
Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem and its king according to the Babylonian Chronicle, but in the next month, Nisan, when Thiele assumed Jeconiah began the trip to Babylon. Granting these assumptions, the first year of captivity would be the year starting in Nisan of 597 BCE. The twenty-fifth year of captivity would start in Nisan of 573 BCE, (573/572) twenty-four years later. Years of captivity must be measured in this non-accession sense (the year in which the captivity started was considered year one of the captivity), otherwise the 37th year of captivity, the year in which Jeconiah was released from prison, would start on Nisan 1 of 560 BCE (597 − 37), two years
492:
which he gave to 300 vultures, so that he could be sure that
Nebuchadnezzar would never return to worry him ("Chronicles of Jerahmeel," lxvi. 6). Evil-merodach treated Jehoiachin as a king, clothed him in purple and ermine, and for his sake liberated all the Jews that had been imprisoned by Nebuchadnezzar (Targ. Sheni, near the beginning). It was Jehoiachin, also, who erected the magnificent mausoleum on the grave of the prophet Ezekiel (Benjamin of Tudela, "Itinerary," ed. Asher, i. 66). In the Second Temple there was a gate called "Jeconiah's Gate," because, according to tradition, Jeconiah (Jehoiachin) left the Temple through that gate when he went into exile (Mid. ii. 6).
576:
664:, since the 25th year of captivity would begin in Nisan of 573 and the fall of Jerusalem, 14 years earlier, would be in 587, not the 586 that Galil and Thiele advocate. There is further conflict with the Babylonian data, because the 37th year of captivity, the year in which Jeconiah was released from prison, would be the year starting in Nisan of 561 BCE, not Nisan of 562 BCE as given in the Babylonian Chronicle. Recognizing these conflicts, Galil admits (p. 377) that his date for the fall of Jerusalem (586 BCE) is inconsistent with the precise data given in the Bible and the Babylonian Chronicle.
620:, where Ezekiel, without naming the month, says it was the tenth day of the month, "on that very day." Since this fits with his idea that Jeconiah's (and Ezekiel's) exile to Babylon began a month later than the capturing of the city, thus allowing a new Nisan-based year to begin, Thiele took these words in Ezekiel as referring to the day in which the captivity or exile proper began. He therefore ended Jehoiachin's reign of three months and ten days on this date. The dates he gives for Jeconiah's reign are then: 21 Heshvan (9 December) 598 BCE to 10 Nisan (22 April) 597 BCE.
751:
since Thiele is assuming Nisan years for the captivity, this period ended the day before Nisan 1 of 586. But this is three months and nine days before Thiele's date for the fall of the city on 9 Tammuz 586 BCE. Even Thiele's assumption that the years of captivity were measured from Nisan does not reconcile
Ezekiel's chronology for the captivity of Jeconiah with a 586 date, and the calculation given above that uses the customary Tishri-based years yields the summer of 587, consistent with all other texts in Ezekiel related to Jeconiah's captivity.
673:
789:
copyist, aware of the 2 Kings passage, modified it and inserted it into the text of
Ezekiel. In his study of all biblical texts related to the Babylonian capture of Jerusalem, Young concludes that these conjectures are not necessary, and that all texts related to the fall of Jerusalem in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, 2 Kings, and 2 Chronicles are internally consistent and consistent with the fall of the city in Tammuz of 587 BCE.
40:
680:(Jeremiah 22:25–26. 'And I will give thee into the hand of them that seek thy life, and into the hand of them whose face thou fearest, even into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of the Chaldeans. 26 And I will cast you out, and your mother that bare you, into another country, where ye were not born; and there shall ye die'. Illustration by William Hole, 1846–1917)
484:
the ancestor of the
Messiah (Tan., Toledot, 20 ). It was especially his firmness in fulfilling the Law that restored him to God's favor. He was kept by Nebuchadnezzar in solitary confinement, and as he was therefore separated from his wife, the Sanhedrin, which had been expelled with him to Babylon, feared that at the death of this queen the house of David would become extinct.
314:
1144:
801:
discovered a royal archive room of King
Nebuchadnezzar near the Ishtar Gate. It contained tablets dating to 595–570 BCE. The tablets were translated in the 1930s by the German Assyriologist, Ernst Weidner. Four of these tablets list rations of oil and barley given to various individuals—including the
785:
the captivity. The comparison with 2 Kings 25:1 would indicate that
Zedekiah's years in 2 Kings were also by non-accession reckoning. His eleventh year, the year in which Jerusalem fell, would then be 588/587 BCE, in agreement with all texts in Ezekiel and elsewhere that are congruent with that date.
784:
The ninth year, tenth month, tenth day in
Ezekiel is identical to the period in 2 Kings. In Ezekiel, the years are everywhere else measured according to Jeconiah's captivity, which must be taken in a non-accession sense, so that the beginning of the siege was eight actual years after the beginning of
731:
relates that a refugee arrived in
Babylon and reported the fall of Jerusalem in the twelfth year, tenth month of "our exile." Measuring from the first year of exile, 598/597, this was January of 586 BCE, incompatible with Jerusalem falling in the summer of 586 BCE, but consistent with its fall in the
651:
Because this offers an alternative explanation to Thiele's interpretation of Ezekiel 40:1, and because Thiele's chronology for Jeconiah is incompatible with the records of the Babylonian Chronicle, the infobox below dates the end of Jeconiah's reign to 2 Adar (16 March) 597 BCE, the date of the first
745:
In order to justify his 586 date, Thiele had assumed that the years of captivity for Jeconiah must be calendar years starting in Nisan, in contrast to the Tishri-based years that he used everywhere else for the kings of Judah. He also assumed that Jeconiah's captivity or exile was not to be measured
606:
captured Jerusalem for the first time on 2 Adar (16 March) 597 BCE. Before Wiseman's publication of the Babylonian Chronicles in 1956, Thiele had determined from biblical texts that Nebuchadnezzar's initial capture of Jerusalem and its king Jeconiah occurred in the spring of 597 BCE, whereas Kenneth
491:
Jehoiachin's life is the best illustration of the maxim, "During prosperity a man must never forget the possibility of misfortune; and in adversity must not despair of prosperity's return" (Seder 'Olam R. xxv.). On the advice of Jehoiachin, Nebuchadnezzar's son cut his father's body into 300 pieces,
487:
They managed to gain the favor of Queen Semiramis, who induced Nebuchadnezzar to ameliorate the lot of the captive king by permitting his wife to share his prison. As he then manifested great self-control and obedience to the Law, God forgave him his sins (Lev. R. xix., end). Jehoiachin lived to see
323:
Jeconiah reigned three months and ten days, beginning December 9, 598 BCE. He succeeded Jehoiakim as king of Judah after raiders from surrounding lands invaded Jerusalem and killed his father. It is likely that the king of Babylon was behind this effort, as a response to Jehoiakim's revolt, starting
817:
1 1/2 sila (oil) for three carpenters from Arvad, 1/2 apiece; 11 1/2 sila for eight wood workers from Byblos ...; 3 1/2 sila for seven Greek craftsman, 1/2 sila apiece; 1/2 sila to the carpenter, Nabuetir; 10 sila to Ia-ku-u-ki-nu, the son of Judah's king; 2 1/2 sila for the five sons of the Judean
707:
Historians, however, have been divided on whether the year was 587 or 586 BCE. A 1990 study listed eleven scholars who preferred 587 and eleven who preferred 586. The Babylonian records of the second capture of Jerusalem have not been found, and scholars looking at the chronology of the period must
483:
Jehoiachin's sad experiences changed his nature entirely, and as he repented of the sins which he had committed as king he was pardoned by God, who revoked the decree to the effect that none of his descendants should ever become king (Jer. xxii. 30; Pesiḳ., ed. Buber, xxv. 163a, b); he even became
750:
the accession year of Amel-Marduk, according to the dating of his accession year that can be fixed with exactitude by the Babylonian Chronicle. Thiele then noted that Ezekiel 40:1 says that this 25th year of captivity was 14 years after the city fell. Fourteen years before 573/572 is 587/586, and
951:
New York: Doubleday 1997, 1992. "It is now known that the end of Jehoiachin's reign occurred on the 2d day of the month of Adar in the 7th year of Nebuchadrezzar (BM 21946 verso, line 12; see Wiseman 1956: 73; TCS 5, 102). This date corresponds to either March 15 or March 16 (the Babylonian day
788:
Some who maintain the 586 date therefore maintain that in this one instance, Ezekiel, without explicitly saying so, switched to the regnal years of Zedekiah, although Ezekiel apparently regarded Jeconiah as the rightful ruler and never names Zedekiah in his writing. Another view is that a later
735:
Thiele held to a 586 BCE date for the capture of Jerusalem and the end of Zedekiah's reign. Recognizing to some extent the importance of Ezekiel's measuring time by the years of captivity of Jeconiah, and in particular the reference to the 25th year of that captivity in Ezekiel 40:1, he wrote,
479:
Jehoiachin was made king in place of his father by Nebuchadnezzar; but the latter had hardly returned to Babylon when some one said to him, "A dog brings forth no good progeny," whereupon he recognized that it was poor policy to have Jehoiachin for king (Lev. R. xix. 6; Seder 'Olam R. xxv.). In
659:
Gershon Galil also attempted to reconcile a 586 date for the fall of Jerusalem with the data for Jeconiah's exile. Like Thiele, he assumed that the years of exile should be measured from Nisan, but for a different reason. Galil hypothesized that Israel’s calendar was one month ahead of that of
740:
Although the Babylonian tablets dealing with the final fall and destruction of Jerusalem have not been found, it should be noticed that the testimony of Ezekiel 40:1 is definitive in regard to the year 586. Since Ezekiel had his vision of the temple on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his and
660:
Babylon because Babylon had inserted an intercalary month and Israel had not yet done so. This would make Adar (the twelfth month) in the Babylonian records correspond to Nisan (the first month) in Judean counting. But this hypothesis, like Thiele's, runs into difficulty with
718:'s treatment of Jeconiah's dates are a starting point for determining the date of the fall of Jerusalem. He dated his writings according to the years of captivity he shared with Jeconiah, and he mentions several events related to the fall of Jerusalem in those writings. In
623:
Thiele's reasoning in this regard has been criticized by Rodger C. Young, who advocates the 587 date for the fall of Jerusalem. Young argues that Thiele's arithmetic is inconsistent, and adds an alternative explanation of the phrase "on that very day"
726:
were both using Tishri-based years, the 25th year would be 574/573 BCE and the fall of the city, 14 years earlier, would be in 588/587—i.e., in the summer of 587 BCE. This is consistent with other texts in Ezekiel related to the fall of the city.
708:
rely on the Biblical texts, as correlated with extant Babylonian records from before and after the event. In this regard, the Biblical texts regarding Jeconiah are especially important, because the time of his reign in Jerusalem was fixed by
655:
However, no such complication is necessary since the tenth of Tishri 574 BCE is precisely as stated in Ezekiel 40:1, both in the fourteenth year of the Temple's destruction in 587 BCE and the twenty-fifth year of Jeconiah's exile in 597 BCE.
471:. According to this concept, Joseph may have been a biological descendant from Jeconiah, but within Jewish law he would have been counted as a descendant of someone else due to the carrying of a brother's name through the Levirate marriage.
615:
Thiele said that the 25th anniversary of Jeconiah's captivity was April 25 (10 Nisan), 573 BCE, implying that he began the exile to Babylon on 10 Nisan 597, 24 years earlier. His reasoning in arriving at this exact date was based on
632:, always observed on the tenth of Tishri, and Ezekiel's writings in several places show familiarity with the Book of Leviticus. A further argument in favor of this interpretation is that in the same verse, Ezekiel says it was
318:
Clay tablet. The Akkadian cuneiform inscription lists certain rations and mentions the name of Jeconiah (Jehoiachin), King of Judah, and the Babylonian captivity. From Babylon, Iraq, c. 580 BCE. Vorderasiatisches Museum,
779:
So in the ninth year of Zedekiah's reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon marched against Jerusalem with his whole army. He encamped outside the city and built siege works all around
652:
capture of Jerusalem as given in the Babylonian records. Thiele's dates for Jeconiah, however, and his date of 586 BCE for the fall of Jerusalem, continue to hold considerable weight with the scholarly community.
415:-based calendar. The 37th year of captivity was thus, by Judean reckoning, the year that began in Tishri of 562, consistent with the synchronism to the accession year of Amel-Marduk given in Babylonian records.
770:
Assuming that dating here is according to the years of exile of Jeconiah, as elsewhere in Ezekiel, the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem began on January 27, 589 BCE. This can be compared to a similar passage in
765:
In the ninth year, in the tenth month on the tenth day, the word of the Lord came to me: "Son of man, record this date, this very date, because the king of Babylon has laid siege to Jerusalem this very
347:
Jeconiah is said to have come to the throne at eighteen. Modern scholars have treated the difference between "eight" and "eighteen" as reflecting a copying error on one side or the other of the issue.
732:
summer of 587 BCE. The other side holds that since Jeconiah surrendered in March 597, January 586 is less than eleven years later and therefore can not be considered in the twelfth year of the exile.
567:. This Jeconiah is uncle of Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim (1 Chron 3:16), which the Jeconiah/Jehoiakim lineage was cursed (Jer 22:24,30). The Jeconiah/Josiah (Matt 1:11) lineage to Jesus is not cursed.
488:
the death of his conqueror, Nebuchadnezzar, which brought him liberty; for within two days of his father's death Evil-merodach opened the prison in which Jehoiachin had languished for so many years.
841:
741:
Jehoiachin's captivity (28 April 573), and since this was the fourteenth year after Jerusalem's fall, the city must have fallen eleven years after the captivity. Eleven years after 597 is 586.
431:
says: 'Record this man as if childless, a man who will not prosper in his lifetime, for none of his offspring will prosper, none will sit on the throne of David or rule anymore in Judah.
411:, Jeconiah was released from prison "in the twelfth month, on the twenty-fifth day of the month": this indicates the first year of captivity to be 598/597 BCE, according to Judah's
1198:
1461:
644:
12a,b) and the Seder Olam (chapter 11) also say that Ezekiel saw his vision at the beginning of a Jubilee year, the 17th, consistent with this interpretation of
1845:
995:
712:'s 1956 publication, and this is consistent with his thirty-seventh year of captivity overlapping the accession year of Amel-Marduk, as mentioned above.
332:
and assimilate them into Babylonian society. On March 15/16th, 597 BCE, Jeconiah, his entire household and three thousand Jews were exiled to Babylon.
1966:
1946:
1054:
According to James R. Critchlow, these modern scholars include Ray Dillard, Edward L. Curtis, Hugh Williamson, Sara Japhet, and Jacob M. Myers. See
2396:
1454:
2421:
1108:
1067:
978:
888:
640:
year, since only in a Jubilee year did the year begin on the tenth of Tishri, the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 25:9). The Talmud (tractate
375:, the author refers to Jeconiah as king and dates certain events by the number of years he was in exile. The author identifies himself as
1509:
1471:
1206:
1878:
1379:
1447:
575:
754:
Another text in Ezekiel offers a clue to why there has been such a conflict over the date of Jerusalem's fall in the first place.
672:
809:
10 (sila of oil) to the king of Judah, Yaukin; 2 1/2 sila (oil) to the offspring of Judah's king; 4 sila to eight men from Judea.
2411:
278:
999:, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). (
722:, Ezekiel dates his vision to the 25th year of the exile and fourteen years after the city fell. If Ezekiel and the author of
2391:
1004:
970:
684:
The reign of Jeconiah is considered important in establishing the chronology of events in the early sixth century BCE in the
50:
802:
deposed King Jehoiachin—by Nebuchadnezzar from the royal storehouses, dated five years after Jehoiachin was taken captive.
2029:
2416:
2212:
1544:
831:
540:). Jeconiah is also mentioned in the first book of Chronicles as the father of Pedaiah, who in turn was the father of
467:
interpreted the two genealogies of Matthew and Luke to be referring to a biological offspring and an offspring from a
399:
came to the throne, and given a prestigious position at court. Jeconiah's release in Babylon brings to a close the
1487:
2182:
2177:
2355:
2157:
907:
903:
2257:
2162:
2406:
2247:
1871:
1824:
947:
509:
404:
138:
2227:
2094:
2049:
2340:
2299:
2294:
2277:
2242:
2147:
2074:
2064:
2289:
2272:
2252:
2202:
2192:
2024:
1961:
1951:
423:
Jeremiah (22:28–30) cursed Jeconiah that none of his descendants would ever sit on the throne of Israel:
2262:
2237:
2104:
2089:
2054:
697:
599:
2099:
2079:
2044:
607:
Strand points out that other scholars, including Albright, more frequently dated the event to 598 BCE.
2304:
2217:
2172:
2360:
2345:
2283:
2039:
2019:
329:
45:
2365:
2207:
2132:
1629:
545:
537:
2401:
2370:
2152:
1999:
1994:
1804:
1614:
637:
286:
2309:
2197:
2167:
2142:
1016:
2267:
521:
1864:
1840:
1779:
1754:
1739:
1634:
1619:
1604:
1599:
1161:
1104:
1063:
1000:
974:
966:
884:
878:
689:
677:
603:
468:
464:
442:
325:
290:
258:
133:
2137:
2069:
1165:
1098:
1082:
1057:
1989:
1809:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1694:
1664:
1564:
1421:
1139:
1044:
836:
723:
407:. Babylonian records show that Amel-Marduk began his reign in October 562 BCE. According to
324:
sometime after 601 BCE. Three months and ten days after Jeconiah became king, the armies of
2059:
1376:
1248:"Evidence for inerrancy from a second unexpected source: the Jubilee and Sabbatical cycles"
1232:
935:
931:
865:
772:
2335:
2034:
1679:
1559:
1383:
1252:
1036:
798:
372:
340:
261:
in the 6th century BCE and was taken into captivity. He was the son and successor of King
241:
230:
197:
186:
1309:
Gershon Galil, "The Babylonian Calendar and the Chronology of the Last Kings of Judah",
1270:
Leslie McFall, "A Translation Guide to the Chronological Data in Kings and Chronicles,"
2350:
2325:
1819:
1492:
709:
583:
408:
400:
336:
246:
214:
206:
202:
60:
628:) in Ezekiel 40:1. This phrase is used three times in Leviticus 23:28–30 to refer the
395:, Jeconiah was released from prison "in the 37th year of the exile", in the year that
2385:
2330:
2232:
2109:
1799:
1794:
1744:
1177:
1148:
728:
693:
633:
392:
388:
360:
254:
952:
extended from sunset to sunset, and thus overlaps 2 days of our calendar) 597 b.c.e.
2084:
1789:
1684:
1574:
1482:
1398:
1100:
Beyond the River Chebar: Studies in Kingship and Eschatology in the Book of Ezekiel
1020:
758:
755:
719:
661:
645:
617:
556:
552:
454:
450:
446:
344:
270:
39:
822:
The Babylonian Chronicles are currently housed in the Pergamum Museum in Berlin.
2187:
1814:
1689:
1624:
1569:
1524:
1225:
685:
564:
396:
282:
2004:
1916:
1032:
629:
541:
75:
1439:
2222:
1956:
1931:
1921:
1906:
1759:
1499:
1414:
636:(New Year's Day) and also the tenth of the month, indicating the start of a
587:
513:
262:
164:
142:
114:
88:
17:
2127:
2014:
2009:
1936:
1926:
1887:
1769:
1734:
1704:
1674:
1644:
1554:
1431:
846:
701:
533:
525:
505:
501:
368:
363:) was appointed by Nebuchadnezzar to rule Judah. Zedekiah was the son of
356:
174:
98:
1941:
1911:
1639:
1593:
1534:
1039:
versions state that his reign started at the age of eighteen. See the
715:
579:
529:
517:
458:
412:
376:
126:
1199:"Thiele's Biblical Chronology as a corrective for extrabiblical dates"
379:, a contemporary of Jeconiah, and he never mentions Zedekiah by name.
1984:
1749:
1724:
1719:
1654:
591:
560:
364:
266:
1247:
1649:
1579:
1529:
671:
574:
313:
1147:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1729:
1609:
1589:
1584:
1519:
1043:
for the Septuagint reading at 2 Chronicles / 2 Supplements 36:9
343:
states that Jeconiah's rule began at the age of eight, while in
274:
1860:
1443:
688:. This includes resolving the date of the fall of Jerusalem to
301:) and his five sons as recipients of food rations in Babylon.
1115:... Ezekiel never mentions a king of Israel or Judah by name.
842:
List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources
1856:
453:. If Joseph was the biological father of Jesus (contrary to
457:
belief), then Jesus could not rightfully claim to be the
285:
in Babylon and have been dated to c. 592 BCE. Written in
920:
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
328:
seized Jerusalem, with the intention to take high class
461:
as the curse of Jeconiah, if true, would apply to Him.
367:. Jeconiah would later be regarded as the first of the
269:. Most of what is known about Jeconiah is found in the
922:(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969) 308.
1059:
Looking Back for Jehoiachin: Yahweh's Cast-Out Signet
849:, maternal grandfather who was a high court official
559:
records Jeconiah the son of Josiah as an ancestor of
273:. Records of Jeconiah's existence have been found in
27:
Biblical figure; 19th monarch of the Kingdom of Judah
696:, the city wall was breached in the summer month of
668:
Dating the fall of Jerusalem using Jeconiah's dating
2318:
2118:
1975:
1894:
1833:
1778:
1663:
1543:
1508:
1348:Rodger C. Young (2004). "When Did Jerusalem Fall?"
1287:(rev. ed.; Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1998) 257–259.
170:
160:
132:
120:
108:
104:
94:
84:
74:
66:
59:
32:
1184:(London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1956) 73.
1182:Chronicles of Chaldean Kings in the British Museum
1130:(Providence RI: Brown University Press, 1956) 12.
1326:(Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1990) 229.
797:During his excavation of Babylon in 1899–1917,
425:
1229:Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
355:After Jeconiah was deposed as king, his uncle
1872:
1455:
1241:
1239:
1062:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 12–13.
8:
1846:List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel
1298:From Abraham to Paul: A Biblical Chronology
1879:
1865:
1857:
1462:
1448:
1440:
1389:
1300:(St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 2011) 169, 172.
996:The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings
257:who was dethroned by the King of Babylon,
38:
29:
1192:
1190:
1041:New English Translation of the Septuagint
1128:Babylonian Chronology 626 B.C. – A.D. 75
989:
987:
544:. A list of his descendants is given in
281:. These tablets were excavated near the
1386:, discussion of the Babylonian evidence
858:
1426:9 December 598 BCE – 16 March 597 BCE
1126:Richard Parker and Waldo Dubberstein,
1056:James R. Critchlow (15 January 2013).
500:Jeconiah was the son of Jehoiakim and
253:), was the nineteenth and penultimate
70:December 9, 598 – March 15/16, 597 BCE
508:of Jerusalem. He had eight children:
240:
196:
7:
1207:Andrews University Seminary Studies
1103:. Casemate Publishers. p. 12.
883:. InterVarsity Press. p. 362.
234:
190:
25:
877:John W. Olley (12 January 2012).
445:lists Jeconiah in the lineage of
1142:
963:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1285:Handbook of Biblical Chronology
441:Chapter 1, verses 11–12 of the
51:Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
1:
2397:6th-century BC kings of Judah
761:(NIV) records the following:
2422:Monarchs deposed as children
1140:Jeconiah Jewish encyclopedia
676:Jeconiah submitting to King
551:In listing the genealogy of
279:Jehoiachin's Rations Tablets
832:Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)
397:Amel-Marduk (Evil-Merodach)
265:, and the grandson of King
2438:
1226:"When Did Jerusalem Fall?"
294:
1488:Kings of Israel and Judah
1478:
1428:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1392:
918:James B. Pritchard, ed.,
289:, they mention Jeconiah (
210:
37:
1335:Parker and Dubberstein,
1246:Rodger C. Young (2008).
1097:Daniel I. Block (2014).
700:in the eleventh year of
475:In Rabbinical literature
1825:Antigonus II Mattathias
1377:Jehoiachin in Babylonia
1197:Kenneth Strand (1998).
948:Anchor Bible Dictionary
571:Dating Jeconiah's reign
405:Deuteronomistic history
242:[jəhoːjaːˈxiːn]
2412:Ancient child monarchs
2341:Jehoshaphat ben Josiah
820:
811:
793:Archeological findings
782:
768:
743:
681:
667:
626:be-etsem ha-yom ha-zeh
595:
439:
383:Release from captivity
320:
250:
218:
2392:7th-century BC births
1337:Babylonian Chronology
1296:Andrew E. Steinmann,
815:
807:
777:
763:
738:
675:
610:
600:Babylonian Chronicles
578:
570:
317:
305:Jeconiah in scripture
2361:Hezekiah ben Solomon
2346:Boaz ben Jehoshaphat
1324:Secrets of the Times
880:The Message of Kings
546:1 Chronicles 3:17–24
538:1 Chronicles 3:17–18
219:Iechonias, Jechonias
2366:Hasdai ben Hezekiah
1782:(Hasmonean dynasty)
1313:72 (1991), 373–377.
1085:Jewish Encyclopedia
436:Jeremiah 22:30, NIV
80:December 9, 598 BCE
2417:Dethroned monarchs
2371:Solomon ben Hasdai
1895:Biblical exilarchs
1805:Alexander Jannaeus
1667:(southern kingdom)
1547:(northern kingdom)
1382:2015-07-24 at the
1274:148 (1991) 40, 45.
805:One tablet reads:
682:
596:
504:, the daughter of
427:This is what the L
321:
205:has established";
198:[jəxɔnjaː]
2379:
2378:
2356:Solomon ben David
2319:Karaite exilarchs
2284:Samuel I of Mosul
1854:
1853:
1841:Jewish leadership
1512:(united monarchy)
1438:
1437:
1429:Succeeded by
1272:Bibliotheca Sacra
1231:47 (2004) 21–38.
1224:Rodger C. Young,
1162:1 Chronicles 3:16
1110:978-0-227-17440-1
1069:978-1-62032-111-9
1017:2 Chronicles 36:9
1007:, 9780825438257).
979:978-90-5356-503-2
890:978-0-8308-2435-9
678:Nebuchadnezzar II
586:of Jeconiah with
563:, the husband of
469:Levirate marriage
465:Richard Challoner
443:Gospel of Matthew
330:Judahite captives
326:Nebuchadnezzar II
259:Nebuchadnezzar II
221:), also known as
180:
179:
112:c. 615 or 605 BCE
46:Guillaume Rouillé
16:(Redirected from
2429:
1976:Exilarchs in the
1881:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1810:Salome Alexandra
1472:Israel and Judah
1464:
1457:
1450:
1441:
1412:Preceded by
1390:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1243:
1234:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1175:
1169:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1094:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1052:
1046:
1029:
1023:
1014:
1008:
991:
982:
959:
953:
944:
938:
929:
923:
916:
910:
901:
895:
894:
874:
868:
863:
837:Kingdom of Judah
630:Day of Atonement
437:
430:
296:
251:Ioachin, Joachin
244:
236:
212:
200:
192:
124:after c. 562 BCE
42:
30:
21:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2336:Josiah ben Saul
2314:
2178:Isaac Iskawi II
2120:
2119:Exilarchs under
2114:
2020:Nathan Ukban II
1978:Sasanian Empire
1977:
1971:
1890:
1885:
1855:
1850:
1829:
1781:
1774:
1666:
1659:
1546:
1539:
1511:
1504:
1474:
1468:
1434:
1425:
1417:
1402:
1395:
1384:Wayback Machine
1373:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1322:Jeremy Hughes,
1321:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1253:Bible and Spade
1245:
1244:
1237:
1223:
1219:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1176:
1172:
1159:
1155:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1030:
1026:
1015:
1011:
992:
985:
960:
956:
945:
941:
930:
926:
917:
913:
902:
898:
891:
876:
875:
871:
864:
860:
856:
828:
813:Another reads:
799:Robert Koldewey
795:
692:. According to
670:
613:
602:establish that
573:
498:
477:
438:
435:
428:
421:
385:
373:Book of Ezekiel
353:
341:2 Chronicles 36
312:
307:
155:
153:
151:
149:
147:
145:
141:
125:
113:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2435:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:Jewish royalty
2404:
2399:
2394:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:David ben Boaz
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Anan ben David
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2163:Judah Zakkai I
2160:
2158:Isaac Iskawi I
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2030:Mar 'Ukban III
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Nathan Ukban I
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
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1909:
1904:
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1892:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1820:Aristobulus II
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1493:Kings of Judah
1485:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1407:Regnal titles
1404:
1403:
1399:House of David
1396:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1372:
1371:External links
1369:
1367:
1366:
1360:"Jehoiachin".
1353:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1302:
1289:
1283:Jack Finegan,
1276:
1263:
1235:
1217:
1186:
1170:
1166:2 Kings 24:6–8
1153:
1132:
1119:
1109:
1089:
1083:"Jehoiachin",
1075:
1068:
1047:
1024:
1009:
993:Edwin Thiele,
983:
961:"Jehoiachin".
954:
939:
924:
911:
904:Jeremiah 22:24
896:
889:
869:
857:
855:
852:
851:
850:
844:
839:
834:
827:
824:
794:
791:
710:Donald Wiseman
690:Nebuchadnezzar
669:
666:
612:
611:Thiele's dates
609:
604:Nebuchadnezzar
584:Sistine Chapel
572:
569:
497:
494:
476:
473:
433:
420:
417:
409:Jeremiah 52:31
401:Books of Kings
384:
381:
352:
349:
337:Masoretic Text
311:
308:
306:
303:
277:, such as the
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
136:
130:
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106:
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101:
96:
92:
91:
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81:
78:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:
44:Jeconiah from
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2434:
2423:
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2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:Saul ben Anan
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
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2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
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2189:
2186:
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2179:
2176:
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2171:
2169:
2166:
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2159:
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2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
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2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2110:Mar Zutra III
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
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2091:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
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2006:
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1998:
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1991:
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1968:
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1918:
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1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
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1893:
1889:
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1877:
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1870:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Aristobulus I
1798:
1796:
1795:John Hyrcanus
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
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1598:
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1578:
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1501:
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1473:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1422:King of Judah
1416:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1364:, 2000, p.678
1363:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1260:(1): 109–122.
1259:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1214:(2): 295–317.
1213:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:D. J. Wiseman
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:public domain
1141:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1090:
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1079:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:However, the
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
958:
955:
950:
949:
943:
940:
937:
933:
928:
925:
921:
915:
912:
909:
905:
900:
897:
892:
886:
882:
881:
873:
870:
867:
862:
859:
853:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
823:
819:
814:
810:
806:
803:
800:
792:
790:
786:
781:
776:
774:
767:
762:
760:
757:
752:
749:
742:
737:
733:
730:
729:Ezekiel 33:21
725:
724:2 Kings 25:27
721:
717:
713:
711:
705:
703:
699:
695:
694:Jeremiah 52:6
691:
687:
679:
674:
665:
663:
657:
653:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:Rosh Hashanah
631:
627:
621:
619:
608:
605:
601:
593:
589:
585:
581:
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448:
444:
432:
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418:
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414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:2 Kings 25:27
387:According to
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:2 Kings 24:17
358:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
333:
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327:
316:
309:
304:
302:
300:
292:
288:
284:
280:
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272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:king of Judah
252:
248:
243:
239:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
208:
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199:
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184:
176:
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144:
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119:
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111:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
61:King of Judah
58:
53:
52:
47:
41:
36:
33:King Jeconiah
31:
19:
2258:Hezekiah III
2208:Mar Ukban IV
2085:Mar-Zutra II
2050:Mar Kahana I
2005:Huna I Kamma
1901:
1790:Simon Thassi
1764:
1483:Davidic line
1420:
1397:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1228:
1220:
1211:
1205:
1181:
1173:
1156:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1078:
1058:
1050:
1040:
1027:
1021:2 Kings 24:8
1012:
994:
962:
957:
946:
942:
927:
919:
914:
899:
879:
872:
866:2 Kings 24:8
861:
821:
816:
812:
808:
804:
796:
787:
783:
778:
773:2 Kings 25:1
769:
764:
756:Ezekiel 24:1
753:
747:
744:
739:
734:
720:Ezekiel 40:1
714:
706:
683:
662:Ezekiel 40:1
658:
654:
650:
646:Ezekiel 40:1
641:
625:
622:
618:Ezekiel 40:1
614:
597:
557:Matthew 1:11
553:Jesus Christ
550:
516:, Malkiram,
499:
490:
486:
482:
478:
463:
447:Jesus Christ
440:
426:
422:
386:
354:
351:During exile
345:2 Kings 24:8
334:
322:
298:
271:Hebrew Bible
237:
226:
222:
193:
182:
181:
49:
2248:Hezekiah II
2188:Natronai II
2065:Mar Zutra I
1815:Hyrcanus II
1690:Jehoshaphat
1625:Jeroboam II
1525:Ish-bosheth
686:Middle East
283:Ishtar Gate
235:יְהוֹיָכִין
201:, meaning "
85:Predecessor
2386:Categories
2310:Sar Shalom
2233:Hezekiah I
2228:Solomon II
2198:Hasdai III
2168:Natronai I
2143:Haninai II
2095:Mar Ahunai
1917:Zerubbabel
1555:Jeroboam I
1470:Rulers of
1033:Septuagint
1005:082543825X
981:), pg. 678
971:9053565035
854:References
542:Zerubbabel
449:, through
295:𒅀𒀪𒌑𒆠𒉡
227:Jehoiachin
76:Coronation
18:Jehoiachin
2402:Exilarchs
2300:Samuel II
2295:Daniel II
2278:Zakkai II
2268:Hasdai IV
2243:David III
2223:Judah III
2153:Solomon I
2148:Hasdai II
2121:Arab rule
2105:Haninai I
2075:Kahana II
1957:Shecaniah
1932:Berechiah
1922:Meshullam
1907:Shealtiel
1888:Exilarchs
1760:Jehoiakim
1630:Zechariah
1500:Maccabees
1415:Jehoiakim
1394:Jeconiah
965:, 2000. (
588:Shealtiel
522:Shenazzar
514:Shealtiel
496:Genealogy
455:Christian
371:. In the
369:exilarchs
287:cuneiform
263:Jehoiakim
238:Yəhōyāḵīn
191:יְכָנְיָה
165:Jehoiakim
150:Shenazzar
143:Shealtiel
115:Jerusalem
95:Successor
89:Jehoiakim
2290:David VI
2273:Daniel I
2253:David IV
2213:David II
2203:Zakkai I
2193:Judah II
2133:Hasdai I
2128:Bostanai
2035:Huna III
2025:Nehemiah
1962:Hezekiah
1952:Shemaiah
1937:Hasadiah
1927:Hananiah
1902:Jeconiah
1834:See also
1770:Zedekiah
1765:Jeconiah
1755:Jehoahaz
1740:Manasseh
1735:Hezekiah
1705:Athaliah
1675:Rehoboam
1645:Pekahiah
1615:Jehoahaz
1432:Zedekiah
1380:Archived
1362:Eerdmans
936:2Ki.24:2
932:2Ki.24:6
847:Elnathan
826:See also
702:Zedekiah
534:Nedabiah
526:Jekamiah
506:Elnathan
502:Nehushta
434:—
403:and the
357:Zedekiah
299:Yaʾúkinu
291:Akkadian
211:Ἰεχονίας
194:Yəḵonəyā
183:Jeconiah
175:Nehushta
156:Nedabiah
152:Jekamiah
146:Malkiram
99:Zedekiah
2263:David V
2238:Azariah
2183:David I
2138:Baradoi
2090:Huna VI
2070:Merimar
2055:Huna IV
2015:Huna II
2000:Shaphat
1995:Johanan
1947:Obadiah
1942:Jesaiah
1912:Pedaiah
1715:Amaziah
1710:Jehoash
1700:Ahaziah
1695:Jehoram
1640:Menahem
1635:Shallum
1620:Jehoash
1605:Jehoram
1600:Ahaziah
1594:Jezebel
1535:Solomon
1311:Biblica
775:(NIV):
716:Ezekiel
638:Jubilee
582:in the
580:Lunette
530:Hoshama
518:Pedaiah
459:Messiah
377:Ezekiel
225:and as
154:Hoshama
148:Pedaiah
127:Babylon
2218:Josiah
2100:Kafnai
2080:Huna V
2045:Nathan
1985:Ahijah
1750:Josiah
1725:Jotham
1720:Uzziah
1680:Abijam
1655:Hoshea
1565:Baasha
1545:Israel
1510:Israel
1107:
1066:
1037:Syriac
1003:
977:
969:
887:
698:Tammuz
642:Arakin
592:Josiah
561:Joseph
451:Joseph
413:Tishri
365:Josiah
319:Berlin
267:Josiah
231:Hebrew
223:Coniah
187:Hebrew
171:Mother
161:Father
54:, 1553
2305:Jesse
2173:Moses
2060:Pahda
1990:Nahum
1967:Akkub
1780:Judea
1665:Judah
1650:Pekah
1580:Tibni
1575:Zimri
1560:Nadab
1530:David
1350:JETS.
1202:(PDF)
908:22:28
818:king.
766:day."
748:after
510:Assir
419:Curse
310:Reign
247:Latin
215:Latin
207:Greek
139:Assir
134:Issue
67:Reign
2040:Abba
1745:Amon
1730:Ahaz
1610:Jehu
1590:Ahab
1585:Omri
1570:Elah
1520:Saul
1105:ISBN
1064:ISBN
1035:and
1001:ISBN
975:ISBN
967:ISBN
906:and
885:ISBN
598:The
590:and
565:Mary
532:and
335:The
275:Iraq
121:Died
109:Born
1685:Asa
1339:28.
780:it.
536:. (
429:ORD
339:of
203:Yah
48:'s
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1258:21
1256:.
1250:.
1238:^
1212:34
1210:.
1204:.
1189:^
1180:,
1164:,
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1019:,
986:^
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934:,
759:–2
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528:,
524:,
520:,
512:,
393:30
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