310:, working to organize buying power to improve workplace conditions and wages. For the Metropolitan Housing and Planning Council she made a film of housing conditions designed to convince her former Winnetka neighbors to finance improvements. She also worked for the Industrial Board of the YWCA, the ACLU, Spanish Refugee Relief, the American Committee for the Protection of the Foreign Born, WILPF, and the Campaign for World Government. O'Connor claimed she served on so many boards during this period that she did justice to none of them.
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272:. Despite regular threats, she turned interviews with miners, their families, and members of the community into evocative stories carried in newspapers throughout the country. Her investigation of the murder of two men conducting a soup kitchen for the strikers left an indelible impression which she described in the O'Connors' 1987 memoir: "Class struggle is not something I want to preach, it is something that happens to people who try to resist or improve intolerable conditions."
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with the Party, finding it doctrinaire and fraught with internecine battles. Though she declined to join, O'Connor never became part of the anticommunist camp within the
American left. In 1957, she wrote of her accord with communist aims of "world peace, race brotherhood, equality for women" but added that she "could not favor dictatorship of the proletariat or trust anybody with power, without guarantees of civil liberties for opponents."
291:, were forming union locals throughout the steel industry. While reporting for the Federated Press from 1933 to 1935, O'Connor carried messages between organizers. During the Ambridge strike she narrowly escaped arrest, and smuggled the main organizer out of town. During this period she also chaired the Pittsburgh chapter of the
265:. The O'Connors decided to open a bureau of the Federated Press in Pittsburgh where the labor movement, in attempting to organize the steel mills and mining companies, was fighting its most bitter struggle. First, they took a six-month trip to the Caribbean and Mexico, filing stories from each region they visited.
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Although she continued to work periodically as a freelance journalist, in 1936, O'Connor turned her energies to volunteer work and later, caring for two children the O'Connors adopted in the early 1940s. From 1939 to 1944 they lived at Hull House. While in
Chicago, Jessie was general secretary of The
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Early in the
Depression O'Connor wrote stories about the unemployed in New York City. Her exposure to the plight of the jobless under capitalism and the activities of the Communist Party on their behalf fostered an appreciation for Communists' courage and dedication. Over time she became disenchanted
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in 1925, Lloyd visited London where she witnessed a confrontation between police and strikers during the
British General Strike. Inaccurate news reports of the incident confirmed her parents' contention that mainstream press accounts of the poor were untrustworthy. A short stint working in a Paris
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After returning to
Pittsburgh, O'Connor continued working for the Federated Press and helped revitalize the local ACLU. She also helped research and edit the first in a series of Harvey's exposes of American capitalism, Mellon's Millions (1933), a role she played for his subsequent books.
321:. In 1948, they settled in Little Compton, Rhode Island, where Harvey devoted himself to writing. Jessie was a member of the National Committee of the Progressive Party from 1949 to 1952 and a delegate to the People's World Constitutional Convention in 1950. During the 1950s,
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and Jessie's passport was revoked. They joined with other activists to organize the
National Committee to Abolish HUAC (later the National Committee Against Repressive Legislation). From the 1960s on, Jessie demonstrated against the
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An heir to the
Chicago Tribune fortune, O'Connor believed it was her duty to use her money to benefit radical causes. In 1934, she received publicity for demanding at a stockholders' meeting that
199:. Her family's strong tradition of democratic socialism provided the foundation of a political education that was augmented by a constant stream of visiting radicals and reformers, including
283:. Jessie was troubled by the changes in Russia since 1928 and unhappy translating dull stories of "socialist triumphs in new paper mills and state farms." When libel litigation over
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Cain, Ellen (2019). "" We used to be patrons—now we are pickets!": The League of Women
Shoppers, the Picket Line, and Identity Formation, 1935–1949".
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In 1931, the
Federated Press sent Jessie Lloyd O'Connor to replace a correspondent who had been shot while covering the coal miners' strike in
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recognize a union of its employees. She helped fund many projects, from literacy and voting campaigns in the South to radical bookstores.
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in 1929 to cover the
National Textile Workers Union's attempt to organize the Loray mill. She wrote a pamphlet on the strike,
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was resolved in 1933, the O'Connors returned to Pittsburgh where workers, guaranteed the right to organize by the
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factory reinforced her desire to provide a corrective to slanted news coverage by reporting events herself.
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Martin, Ruth (2013). "Operation Abolition: Defending the Civil Liberties of the "Un-American," 1957–1961".
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From 1929 to 1935 Lloyd worked as a reporter for the Federated Press in the United States. She was sent to
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Lloyd contributed stories to newspapers in the United States while working as a correspondent for the
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151:(1904-1988) was a journalist, social reformer and political activist. She worked as a reporter for
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541:"Social bonds, sexual politics, and political community on the US left, 1920s-1940s"
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Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century
155:. O'Connor served and supported numerous progressive organizations, including the
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in Geneva (1926) and Moscow (1926–28). From Moscow, she also sent stories to the
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Left History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Historical Inquiry and Debate
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accused both O'Connors of being Communists. Harvey was called before the
412:"Collection: Jessie Lloyd O'Connor papers | Smith College Finding Aids"
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The O'Connors went to Moscow in 1932 to work for the English language
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For Abolition of the Inquisitorial Committees of Congress: A Pamphlet
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O'Connor, Jessie Lloyd; O'Connor, Harvey; Bowler, Susan M. (1988).
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O'Connor, Jessie Lloyd (1904-1988), journalist and social activist
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383:"JESSIE LLOYD O'CONNOR, 84, ACTIVIST, AUTHOR AND FEMINIST"
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Jessie Lloyd, journalist and social activist, was born in
428: This article incorporates text available under the
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Jessie Bross Lloyd, from the 1925 Smith College yearbook
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Buhle, Mari Jo; Buhle, Paul; Georgakas, Dan (1990).
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Gastonia: A Graphic Chapter in Southern Organization
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317:where Harvey worked as publicity director for the
185:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
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239:, a labor wire service in the United States.
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539:Brown, Kathleen A.; Faue, Elizabeth (2000).
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223:After earning an A.B. in economics from
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187:(WILPF). O'Connor's grandfather was
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450:Encyclopedia of the American Left
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313:In 1945, the O'Connors moved to
381:Heise, Kenan (8 January 1989).
319:Oil Workers International Union
263:Industrial Workers of the World
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293:League Against War and Fascism
257:In 1930, Jessie Lloyd married
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689:Jessie Lloyd O'Connor papers
360:. Harvard University Press.
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579:. Temple University Press.
193:Wealth Against Commonwealth
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670:O'Connor, Harvey (1957).
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308:League of Women Shoppers
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693:Sophia Smith Collection
558:10.25071/1913-9632.5409
270:Harlan County, Kentucky
614:10.1353/jowh.2019.0026
289:National Recovery Act
195:(1894), an exposé of
167:Family and early life
149:Jessie Lloyd O'Connor
23:Jessie Lloyd O'Connor
724:Smith College alumni
356:Ware, Susan (2004).
219:Education and career
189:Henry Demarest Lloyd
141:Henry Demarest Lloyd
478:Hague, Amy (2000).
233:London Daily Herald
181:Lola Maverick Lloyd
177:William Bross Lloyd
127:Lola Maverick Lloyd
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387:chicagotribune.com
173:Winnetka, Illinois
59:Winnetka, Illinois
45:Jessie Bross Lloyd
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300:U.S. Steel
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