237:(1935). In 1934, a presentation of a testimonial letter and cheque was made to her in Christchurch. The letter bore more than 300 signatures from New Zealand, Australia and England, and opened with: "In the literary history of our country there is no name more honoured than yours". She was praised for having built a literary tradition in New Zealand, and for her "reforming zeal, which has expressed itself in a life-long allegiance to many causes". The New Zealand government awarded her a pension in 1936 in recognition of her contribution to New Zealand literature.
37:
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based on
Scottish legends, even though her first and only visit to Scotland did not take place until 1921. Her poems also had feminist themes and references to Māori myths and customs. The most famous poem of her first collection was "The Charge at Parihaka", a parody of
277:
and was instrumental in its 1918 revival. It was said by her contemporaries that she was "among the first of those who realised that to limit the feminine intellect to the sphere of the home would deprive society of a great creative and regenerative power".
272:
in New
Zealand in the late 19th century, including through collecting signatures for petitions, and supported causes such as the need for women in Parliament, better pay for women and women in the police force. She was also a member of the
281:
Mackay stopped eating meat in the early 20th century because of her compassion for animals. In 1911, Mackay and her sister kept a vegetarian house in New
Brighton. Mackay refused to wear feathers and fur. She condemned the
148:), and she was the eldest of a large family of daughters. She was homeschooled until she was 14 and went to Christchurch to train as a teacher, and taught at small rural schools from 1887 until 1898. She moved to
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In 1902, Mackay moved to
Christchurch where she lived with her sister Georgina. She was forced in 1904 to abandon her teaching career due to illness. In 1906, she was appointed as the "lady editor" of the
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248:(PEN NZ) established the Jessie Mackay Poetry Prize and it has been awarded annually to a leading New Zealand poet ever since. As of 2020 it forms part of the
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Mackay actively campaigned for women's rights, animal rights, and national liberation movements, particularly through her journalism. She took part in the
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activist. She is often referred to as New
Zealand's first local-born poet and was one of the earliest writers to have a distinctly New Zealand style.
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252:. Her poetry was included in a number of notable anthologies during her lifetime and in a 1956 anthology, but was omitted from the
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141:. Her Scottish parents were the shepherd (later station manager) Robert Mackay and his wife, Elizabeth Mackay (
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in Paris on behalf of the New
Zealand Society for Self-Determination for Ireland. She was an advocate of
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for both
Scotland and Ireland. Mackay's two final volumes of poetry were published after this visit:
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165:, was published in 1889, and she published three more volumes over the next two decades:
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202:. Her work at this time was published in the short-lived New Zealand literary magazine
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125:(15 December 1864 – 23 August 1938) was a New Zealand poet, journalist, feminist and
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2006:
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The
Compassionate Contrarians: A History of Vegetarians in Aotearoa New Zealand
206:(founded in Auckland in 1899, last publication 1905). After the closure of the
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In late 1921 Mackay travelled to Europe, and in
January 1922 she attended the
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and hunting. In the early 1920s Mackay condemned animal experiments and
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in 1917 she began writing freelance for other publications such as the
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190:, in which she condemned the British government's actions at
1408:
University of
California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
2927:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
559:"A New Zealand Writer: Tribute to Miss Jessie Mackay"
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362:. Vol. 9.1.2: New Zealand Writing and Culture.
112:
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305:. Melbourne: George Robertson & Company. 1889.
216:Women's Christian Temperance Union of New Zealand
787:List of international animal welfare conventions
377:
375:
373:
371:
369:
3079:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
702:
302:The Spirit of the Rangatira and other ballads
177:(1909). As a poet, she is best known for her
8:
792:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
152:in 1898, and worked as a journalist for the
2754:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
2698:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
730:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
312:. Christchurch: Simpson and Williams, 1891.
3641:19th-century New Zealand women journalists
3328:
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2896:
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2506:
2063:
1510:
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1487:
987:
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725:
709:
695:
687:
406:
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35:
27:
2901:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
2838:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
553:
551:
428:
330:Christchurch: Simpson and Williams, 1926.
328:The Bride of the Rivers and other verses.
16:New Zealand poet, journalist and activist
2959:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
1216:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
616:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
324:Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs, 1909.
318:Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs, 1908.
275:National Council of Women of New Zealand
807:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
674:Jessie Mackay: a woman before her time
467:
417:Kōtare: New Zealand Notes & Queries
354:Jones, Jenny Robin (20 December 2004).
346:
3616:19th-century New Zealand women writers
3611:20th-century New Zealand women writers
3586:New Zealand people of Scottish descent
884:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
465:
463:
461:
459:
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310:The Sitter on the Rail and other poems
3095:Political Animals and Animal Politics
2683:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
2608:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
1020:Concentrated animal feeding operation
797:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
752:Animal rights by country or territory
142:
7:
3621:19th-century New Zealand journalists
2826:Animalist Party with the Environment
1113:Animal testing on non-human primates
290:as unethical in newspaper articles.
3626:New Zealand vegetarianism activists
3576:New Zealand animal rights activists
3250:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
1460:World Day for the End of Speciesism
654:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
511:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
479:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
336:Auckland: Whitcombe and Tombs, 1935
3375:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
2718:United Activists for Animal Rights
2628:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
767:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
612:"Jessie Mackay poetry prize, 1939"
14:
2919:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
2879:Animal Rights National Conference
2802:Animal Protection Party of Canada
2759:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
2613:Chinese Animal Protection Network
2538:American Anti-Vivisection Society
2017:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
772:Animal rights in Indian religions
762:Animal rights and punk subculture
659:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
516:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
484:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
254:Penguin Book of New Zealand Verse
184:"The Charge of the Light Brigade"
161:Mackay's first volume of poetry,
101:
3566:New Zealand anti-vivisectionists
3526:
3525:
3087:Animal Rights Without Liberation
2738:Voice for Animals Humane Society
1470:World Day for the End of Fishing
1465:World Day for Laboratory Animals
895:Equal consideration of interests
204:New Zealand Illustrated Magazine
2808:Animal Justice Party of Finland
2693:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
1907:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
1495:(academics, writers, activists)
1388:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
589:National Library of New Zealand
542:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
506:"Mackay, Elizabeth - Biography"
242:National Library of New Zealand
3606:20th-century New Zealand poets
3591:19th-century New Zealand poets
3031:Animals, Property, and the Law
1108:Alternatives to animal testing
777:Christianity and animal rights
411:Stafford, Jane (3 June 2012).
250:Ockham New Zealand Book Awards
246:New Zealand Society of Authors
1:
2668:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
1378:Cambridge University primates
910:Ethics of uncertain sentience
42:
3636:Colony of New Zealand people
3571:Burials at Waimairi Cemetery
2728:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
878:Argument from marginal cases
536:Wilson, Philip John (1966).
3015:Morals, Reason, and Animals
2643:Farm Animal Rights Movement
2593:Anonymous for the Voiceless
1282:International primate trade
757:Anarchism and animal rights
585:"Mackay, Jessie, 1864-1938"
540:. In McLintock, A.H (ed.).
358:. In Williams, Mark (ed.).
240:Her papers are held by the
163:The Spirit of the Rangatira
137:Mackay was born in 1864 in
3657:
3135:Making a Stand for Animals
3007:The Case for Animal Rights
2658:Hunt Saboteurs Association
2618:Cruelty Free International
2588:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
1118:Animal testing regulations
649:"Mackay, Jessie 1864-1938"
474:"Mackay, Jessie 1864-1938"
413:"Jessie Mackay, 1864–1938"
360:The Literary Encyclopaedia
18:
3521:
3290:The Ghosts in Our Machine
3127:Animal Ethics in the Wild
2906:
2895:
2563:Animal Legal Defense Fund
2519:
2505:
1862:William Hamilton Drummond
1500:
1486:
1221:Welfare of farmed insects
848:Animal–industrial complex
735:
724:
676:, Kakahu W.D.F.F., 1997,
385:. Rebel Press. pp. 68-73.
381:Amey, Catherine. (2014).
270:women's suffrage movement
34:
3601:People from Christchurch
3368:Journal of Animal Ethics
3234:Your Mommy Kills Animals
2623:Direct Action Everywhere
2032:Johann Heinrich Winckler
1977:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
1434:Direct Action Everywhere
1138:Huntingdon Life Sciences
1123:Labcorp Drug Development
1080:Feedback (pork industry)
1045:Intensive animal farming
782:History of animal rights
19:Not to be confused with
3596:New Zealand women poets
3581:New Zealand journalists
3503:Holocaust on your Plate
3274:An Apology to Elephants
3055:Do Animals Have Rights?
2991:Animals, Men and Morals
2967:Better-World Philosophy
2844:Italian Animalist Party
2723:United Poultry Concerns
2678:Last Chance for Animals
2573:Animal Liberation Front
2460:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
950:Replaceability argument
868:Animal-free agriculture
643:Wellington: Reed, 1955.
430:10.26686/knznq.v7i3.703
231:The Bride of the Rivers
3476:Salvation of Innocents
3023:Zoos and Animal Rights
2598:Beauty Without Cruelty
2558:Animal Justice Project
1897:John Zephaniah Holwell
1551:Stephen St. C. Bostock
1128:Great ape research ban
747:Animal rights movement
167:The Sitter on the Rail
3495:Fairs and exhibitions
3382:The Animals' Defender
3354:Cahiers antispécistes
3282:Speciesism: The Movie
3103:Animal (De)liberation
3063:Striking at the Roots
2975:The Universal Kinship
2935:The Rights of Animals
2856:People Animals Nature
2850:Party for the Animals
2663:In Defense of Animals
2425:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
1817:David Renaud Boullier
1403:Silver Spring monkeys
1302:Wild animal suffering
1211:Pain in invertebrates
1050:Intensive pig farming
940:Opposition to hunting
905:Ethics of eating meat
223:Irish Race Convention
214:, the journal of the
3111:Sentientist Politics
3039:The Lives of Animals
2790:Animal Justice Party
2603:Born Free Foundation
2440:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
2314:Wendy Turner-Webster
2027:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
1249:Recreational fishing
1090:Ventilation shutdown
858:Animal protectionism
838:Animal consciousness
641:A Voice on the Wind.
322:Land of the Morning.
3535:( 139 )
3361:Etica & Animali
3347:Between the Species
3071:An American Trilogy
2764:Humanitarian League
2375:Frances Power Cobbe
1992:Arthur Schopenhauer
1987:Henry Stephens Salt
1867:Edward Payson Evans
1561:Stephen R. L. Clark
1418:War of the currents
1307:Wildlife management
1201:Pain in crustaceans
1196:Pain in cephalopods
316:From the Maori Sea.
175:Land of the Morning
3631:People from Rakaia
3298:Unlocking the Cage
3119:Wild Animal Ethics
2943:The Ethics of Diet
2820:Animalist Movement
2796:Animal Politics EU
2708:Sentience Politics
2334:That Vegan Teacher
1952:Siobhan O'Sullivan
1937:José Ferrater Mora
1746:Steve F. Sapontzis
1239:Commercial fishing
1191:Pain in amphibians
1181:Cruelty to animals
1153:Operation Backfire
992:Animal agriculture
900:Emotion in animals
672:Margaret Chapman,
647:Roberts, Heather.
639:Macleod, N. F. H.
565:. 17 December 1934
472:Roberts, Heather.
171:From the Maori Sea
3543:
3542:
3536:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3484:Onward to Freedom
3452:Animal Liberation
3437:
3436:
3258:Forks Over Knives
3210:Peaceable Kingdom
3170:Shores of Silence
3162:A Cow at My Table
3047:Eternal Treblinka
2999:Animal Liberation
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2778:
2777:
2713:Uncaged Campaigns
2688:Mercy for Animals
2653:Great Ape Project
2568:Animal Liberation
2514:(groups, parties)
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2400:Elizabeth Farians
2309:Christine Townend
2249:Heather Nicholson
2179:Brigitte Gothière
2169:Antoine Goetschel
2055:
2054:
1716:Charles Patterson
1621:Gary L. Francione
1596:Josephine Donovan
1586:Daniel Dombrowski
1566:Alasdair Cochrane
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1361:
1360:
1292:Predation problem
1176:Animal euthanasia
1085:Foam depopulation
920:Insects in ethics
682:978-0-473-04794-8
391:978-0-473-27440-5
256:(1960) edited by
120:
119:
93:Waimairi Cemetery
3648:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3340:Animal Sentience
3329:
3194:Legally Blonde 2
3154:The Animals Film
2908:
2897:
2703:Rise for Animals
2528:
2521:
2507:
2370:Edith Carrington
2274:Craig Rosebraugh
2239:Virginia McKenna
2229:Jo-Anne McArthur
2159:Juliet Gellatley
2064:
2022:Mary Anne Warren
1962:Humphrey Primatt
1947:Edward Nicholson
1917:Charles R. Magel
1882:Thomas G. Gentry
1741:Richard D. Ryder
1681:Thomas Lepeltier
1511:
1502:
1488:
1455:World Animal Day
1413:Unnecessary Fuss
1373:Brown Dog affair
1343:Animals in sport
1333:Animal slaughter
1328:Animal sacrifice
1267:Culling wildlife
1070:Wildlife farming
988:
833:Animal cognition
802:Total liberation
737:
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538:"MACKAY, Jessie"
533:
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504:Smith, Jo-Anne.
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208:Canterbury Times
200:Canterbury Times
158:for four years.
147:
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63:15 December 1864
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3414:Muutoksen kevät
3387:
3320:
3226:Behind the Mask
3141:
2951:Animals' Rights
2902:
2883:
2867:
2774:
2742:
2515:
2489:
2350:Cleveland Amory
2338:
2304:Darren Thurston
2299:Marianne Thieme
2154:Bruce Friedrich
2119:Joey Carbstrong
2104:Brigitte Bardot
2051:
2042:Jon Wynne-Tyson
1932:J. Howard Moore
1877:John Galsworthy
1857:Wilhelm Dietler
1800:
1796:Corey Lee Wrenn
1706:Martha Nussbaum
1616:Lawrence Finsen
1556:Paola Cavalieri
1531:Kristin Andrews
1506:
1496:
1474:
1443:
1422:
1357:
1311:
1253:
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1186:Pain in animals
1162:
1094:
1060:Poultry farming
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356:"Jessie Mackay"
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48:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3654:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3335:
3333:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3186:Meet Your Meat
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2983:The New Ethics
2979:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2814:Animals' Party
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:AnimaNaturalis
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2553:Animal Justice
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2485:Gretchen Wyler
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Lewis Gompertz
2412:
2407:
2405:Emarel Freshel
2402:
2397:
2395:Muriel Dowding
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2329:Gary Yourofsky
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:Ingrid Newkirk
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2189:Charlotte Laws
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Yves Bonnardel
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Martin Balluch
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Steven M. Wise
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Bernard Rollin
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Leonard Nelson
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:Herman Daggett
1844:
1839:
1837:Priscilla Cohn
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:Jeremy Bentham
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1726:Jessica Pierce
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1656:Kyle Johannsen
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1581:David DeGrazia
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1521:Carol J. Adams
1517:
1515:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:Pit of despair
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1323:Abandoned pets
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1168:Animal welfare
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:Model organism
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1100:Animal testing
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:Working animal
1072:
1067:
1065:Slaughterhouse
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1040:Insect farming
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Animal product
996:
994:
985:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:Sentiocentrism
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
880:
875:
870:
865:
863:Animal welfare
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
819:
817:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
743:
741:
733:
732:
729:
722:
721:
716:
714:
713:
706:
699:
691:
685:
684:
670:
644:
635:
632:
629:
628:
602:
591:. January 1864
576:
547:
528:
496:
443:
394:
365:
345:
344:
342:
339:
338:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
307:
295:
292:
265:
262:
244:. In 1939 the
146: Ormiston
134:
131:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
108:
107:
104:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
80:(aged 73)
76:23 August 1938
74:
70:
69:
54:
50:
49:
40:
32:
31:
21:Jessie Mackaye
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3653:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:Tame Yourself
3457:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3421:No Compromise
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:(3rd century)
2921:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2894:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2852:(Netherlands)
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Animal Rising
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Animal Ethics
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Jessie Mackay
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:James Granger
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:Henry B. Amos
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Louise Wallis
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Kim Stallwood
2287:
2285:
2284:Jasmin Singer
2282:
2280:
2279:Nathan Runkle
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:David Olivier
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:John Feldmann
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Aymeric Caron
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:Carole Baskin
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Laurids Smith
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:James Rachels
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:John Lawrence
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Brigid Brophy
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Tatjana Višak
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:David Sztybel
1774:
1772:
1771:Cass Sunstein
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Mark Rowlands
1734:
1732:
1731:Evelyn Pluhar
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:Andrew Linzey
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Will Kymlicka
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:Dale Jamieson
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:Valéry Giroux
1629:
1627:
1626:Robert Garner
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Sue Donaldson
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:J. M. Coetzee
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Tom Beauchamp
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1439:Hunt sabotage
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:Methodologies
1425:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1354:
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2770:Oxford Group
2638:Every Animal
2531:Contemporary
2480:Andrew Tyler
2470:Nell Shipman
2444:
2410:André Géraud
2319:Jerry Vlasak
2294:Lynda Stoner
2269:Alex Pacheco
2204:Evanna Lynch
2199:Howard Lyman
2184:Wayne Hsiung
2144:Chris DeRose
2134:Rod Coronado
2067:Contemporary
2007:Thomas Tryon
1927:Mary Midgley
1922:Jean Meslier
1902:Soame Jenyns
1892:John Hildrop
1887:Arthur Helps
1852:Richard Dean
1827:Peter Buchan
1766:Gary Steiner
1761:Peter Singer
1756:Jérôme Segal
1721:David Pearce
1711:Clare Palmer
1701:David Nibert
1691:Clair Linzey
1601:Joan Dunayer
1526:Aysha Akhtar
1514:Contemporary
1383:McLibel case
1338:Animal trial
1297:Seal hunting
1259:Wild animals
1244:Fishing bait
1206:Pain in fish
1025:Fish farming
1005:Battery cage
925:Meat paradox
882:
823:Abolitionism
673:
662:. Retrieved
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593:. Retrieved
588:
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423:(3): 52–58.
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83:Christchurch
78:(1938-08-23)
25:
3561:1938 deaths
3556:1864 births
3325:Periodicals
3202:The Meatrix
3178:The Witness
2792:(Australia)
2766:(1891–1919)
2648:Faunalytics
2475:Henry Spira
2465:Hans Ruesch
2455:Jill Phipps
2450:Norm Phelps
2430:Barry Horne
2390:Royal Dixon
2385:Karen Davis
2365:Ernest Bell
2259:Ric O'Barry
2254:Jack Norris
2224:Dan Mathews
2129:Jake Conroy
2099:Barbi Twins
2074:James Aspey
2012:Gary Varner
2002:John Styles
1842:Henry Crowe
1791:Paul Waldau
1781:Michael Tye
1676:Renan Larue
1661:Melanie Joy
1646:Oscar Horta
1641:John Hadley
1611:Catia Faria
1606:Mylan Engel
1576:Alice Crary
1546:Steven Best
1541:Marc Bekoff
1507:and writers
1448:Observances
1353:Live export
1287:Ivory trade
1158:Vivisection
1133:Green Scare
1030:Fur farming
935:Open rescue
930:Nonviolence
288:vivisection
233:(1926) and
173:(1908) and
113:Nationality
46: 1929
3550:Categories
3314:Seaspiracy
3218:Earthlings
2858:(Portugal)
2832:DierAnimal
2747:Historical
2543:Animal Aid
2435:Marie Huot
2380:Joan Court
2360:Bob Barker
2343:Historical
2234:Luísa Mell
2214:Keith Mann
2209:Bill Maher
2194:Ronnie Lee
2164:Tal Gilboa
2139:Karen Dawn
2079:Greg Avery
1957:Rod Preece
1872:T. Forster
1832:Mona Caird
1805:Historical
1666:Hilda Kean
1636:Lori Gruen
970:Vegaphobia
960:Speciesism
853:Animal law
664:6 December
621:6 December
595:6 December
489:6 December
436:6 December
341:References
106:journalist
98:Occupation
59:1864-12-15
41:Mackay in
3468:Manifesto
3407:Bite Back
3392:Magazines
3266:Vegucated
2864:(Germany)
2862:V-Partei³
2840:(Germany)
2834:(Belgium)
2810:(Finland)
2633:Equanimal
2219:Jim Mason
2174:Mark Gold
2109:Gene Baur
2084:Matt Ball
2060:Activists
1972:Tom Regan
1751:Jeff Sebo
1696:Dan Lyons
1505:Academics
1493:Advocates
1348:Live food
1148:Nafovanny
1055:Livestock
1035:Fur trade
1010:Bile bear
945:Personism
740:Overviews
569:1 January
563:The Press
284:fur trade
227:home rule
133:Biography
3531:Category
3400:Arkangel
3332:Journals
3306:Dominion
3242:The Cove
2872:Activism
2816:(Sweden)
2804:(Canada)
2798:(Europe)
2512:Movement
2047:Voltaire
965:Veganism
915:Ethology
816:Concepts
264:Activism
192:Parihaka
188:Tennyson
169:(1891),
2846:(Italy)
2828:(Spain)
2822:(Italy)
2783:Parties
1277:Hunting
1231:Fishing
890:Carnism
634:Sources
179:ballads
150:Dunedin
3533:
3506:(2003)
3487:(2014)
3479:(2014)
3471:(2008)
3463:(1991)
3455:(1987)
3443:Albums
3317:(2021)
3309:(2018)
3301:(2016)
3293:(2013)
3285:(2013)
3277:(2013)
3269:(2011)
3261:(2011)
3253:(2009)
3245:(2009)
3237:(2007)
3229:(2006)
3221:(2005)
3213:(2004)
3205:(2003)
3197:(2003)
3189:(2002)
3181:(2000)
3173:(2000)
3165:(1998)
3157:(1981)
3138:(2022)
3130:(2022)
3122:(2020)
3114:(2018)
3106:(2016)
3098:(2014)
3090:(2012)
3082:(2010)
3074:(2009)
3066:(2008)
3058:(2005)
3050:(2001)
3042:(1999)
3034:(1995)
3026:(1993)
3018:(1987)
3010:(1983)
3002:(1975)
2994:(1971)
2986:(1907)
2978:(1906)
2970:(1899)
2962:(1897)
2954:(1892)
2946:(1883)
2938:(1838)
2930:(1824)
2524:Groups
984:Issues
828:Ahimsa
680:
521:18 May
389:
334:Vigil.
139:Rakaia
66:Rakaia
3428:Satya
3146:Films
2911:Books
2733:Viva!
1366:Cases
1316:Other
294:Works
235:Vigil
2673:L214
1398:SHAC
678:ISBN
666:2020
623:2020
597:2020
571:2021
523:2012
491:2020
438:2020
387:ISBN
103:Poet
73:Died
53:Born
425:doi
186:by
144:née
3552::
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43:c.
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57:(
23:.
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