1356:
445:
1341:
788:
1270:
1285:
78:
1313:
744:
1325:
1297:
2702:
1076:
47:
523:, that were populated with Indians and maintained a separation from Spanish towns. The Jesuits were to "enjoy a tax holiday for ten years" which extended longer. This mission strategy continued for 150 years until the Jesuits were expelled in 1767. Fundamentally the purpose, as far as the government was concerned, was to safeguard the frontier with the reductions where Indians were introduced to European culture.
688:
Within two years, however, the financial situation of the missions was deteriorating and the Guaraní began leaving the missions seeking both freedom and higher wages. A decree in 1800 freed the Guaraní still in the missions from their communal obligation to labor. By 1840, the former missions were in ruins. While some Guaraní were employed outside the missions, many families were impoverished. A growing number of
593:
concluding in 1638 the
Jesuits moved the mission survivors still in residence, approximately 12,000 people, southwestward about 500 kilometres (310 mi) to an area under Spanish control that in the 21st century is divided among Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. There were already Jesuit missions in the area and the refugees from Guayrá were also joined by Guaraní refugees from Uruguay and Tapé (in present-day
561:
893:
270:
585:
the missions and killed thousands of the Guaraní. The congregation of the Guaraní into large settlements at the missions facilitated the spread of diseases. Nevertheless, the missions soon had 40,000 Guaraní in residence. Tens of thousands of Guaraní living in the same region remained outside the missions, living in their traditional manner and practicing their traditional religion.
31:
843:
617:
859:
and one roof served for perhaps a hundred families. The churches were of stone or fine wood, with lofty towers, elaborate sculptures and richly adorned altars, with statuary imported from Italy and Spain. The priests' quarters, the commissary, the stables, the armory, the workshop, and the hospital,
584:
The establishment of these missions was not without difficulty and danger. The Guaraní shamans resisted the imposition of a new religion and up to 7 Jesuits were killed by
Indians during the first few years after the missions were established. In 1618 the first of a series of epidemics spread among
876:
The
Jesuits marshaled their neophytes to the sound of music, and in procession to the fields, with a saint borne high aloft, the community each day at sunrise took its way. Along the way at stated intervals were shrines of saints where they prayed, and sang hymns between shrines. As the procession
628:
The immediate need of the Guaraní in the 1640s was to protect themselves from slavers. The
Jesuits began to arm them, producing guns and gunpowder in the missions. They also secured the Spanish Crown's permission, and some arms, to raise militias of Indians to defend the reductions against raids.
803:
The reductions were ruled by indigenous chiefs who served as the reductions' governors, but were controlled by the
Jesuits. There was a minimum of two Jesuits in a reduction, with more for larger ones. The social organization of the reductions has often been described as extremely efficient; most
592:
on the missions and non-mission Guaraní began in 1628. The
Bandeirantes destroyed many missions and decimated and scattered the mission population. They looked upon the reductions with their concentration of Guaraní as an opportunity to capture slaves more easily than usual. Beginning in 1631 and
854:
The ruins of several of the missions still remain. They were laid out in a uniform plan. The buildings were grouped about a central square, the church and store-houses at one end, and the dwellings of the natives, in long barracks, forming the other three sides. Each family had its own separate
816:
by indigenous artists. In reality the communities were economically successful, but hardly constituted any important source of income for the Jesuit order. The degree to which the
Jesuits controlled the indigenous population for which they had responsibility and the degree to which they allowed
687:
According to historian
Sarreal, most Guaraní initially welcomed the expulsion of the Jesuits. Spanish authorities made promises to Guaraní leaders and gained their support. The Guaraní leaders of one mission thanked the authorities who "liberated us from the bondage that we lived in as slaves".
667:
The reductions came to be considered a threat by the secular authorities and were caught up in the growing attack on the
Jesuits in Europe for unrelated reasons. The economic success of the reductions, which was considerable, although not as great as often described, combined with the Jesuits'
624:
At the new locations, the
Jesuits established 30 reductions, collectively often called the Rio de la Plata missions. By 1641, despite slavers and epidemics, the Guaraní population of the Rio de la Plata missions was 36,190. For nearly a century thereafter, the mission population increased to a
396:" in which the native peoples in the reductions, guided by the Jesuits, would remain autonomous and isolated from Spanish colonists and Spanish rule. A major factor attracting the natives to the reductions was the protection they afforded from enslavement and the forced labour of
472:
indigenous populations in larger communities called reductions in order to more effectively govern, tax, and evangelize them. Reductions generally were also construed as an instrument to make the Indians adopt European lifestyles and values. In Mexico the policy was called
824:
constructions made by trained indigenous craftsmen and often remain impressive after over two centuries of abandonment, though the elaborate carved wood interiors have vanished in these cases. The first buildings were usually made in wood, which was sometimes covered with
1340:
799:
At the height of the reductions, in 1740, about 30 different communities were home to more than 140,000 Guaraní. Another 50,000 more Tupi, Chiquitos, and members of diverse ethnic groups in the Llanos de Moxos were in Jesuit reductions in Bolivia.
2484:
716:
195:
812:(a herbal tea). Initially these were gathered from the wild, but later cultivated. A number of trades and skills were taught to some Indians, including even printing to produce mostly religious texts in indigenous languages, some illustrated by
804:
were self-supporting and even produced surpluses of goods, which they traded to outside communities, which laid the foundation of the belief that Jesuits were guarding immense riches acquired through Indian labour. The main traded products were
1355:
923:
Much emphasis was placed on education, as early training was regarded as the key to future success. Much of the instruction was conducted in Guaraní, which was still the prevailing language of the region, but Spanish was also taught.
834:(1694–1772), a Swiss Jesuit who was a leading figure in the reductions, was both an architect and a composer, and is usually given much of the credit for both the later architecture and the remarkable musical life of the reductions.
900:
Aside from the main farm, each man typically had his own garden, pursuing agriculture, stock raising, and the cultivation of yerba mate. Jesuits introduced many European trades and arts to their communities. Cotton weavers,
1269:
829:
decoration imitating stone Baroque architecture. Later, if resources allowed, actual stone buildings would follow, sometimes very large. The Bolivian missions have the best surviving wood and adobe churches. Father
564:
Map of the modern state of Paraná, Brazil, showing the Spanish Guayrá in brown. Jesuit missions are marked with crosses. All the missions were abandoned by 1638 and their inhabitants moved southwestward after the
298:
889:; work was then resumed until evening. After supper came the rosary and sleep. On rainy days they worked indoors. Frequent festivals with sham battles, fireworks, concerts, and dances enlivened the community.
3066:
409:, the reductions achieved a high degree of autonomy within the colonial empires. With the use of native labour, the reductions became economically successful. When the incursions of Brazilian
860:
also usually of stone, formed an inner square adjoining the church. The plaza itself was a level grass plot kept cropped by sheep. The native houses were sometimes of stone but more often of
2339:
637:. The militias would eventually number as many as 4,000 troops and their cavalry was especially effective, wearing European-style uniforms and carrying bows and arrows as well as muskets.
351:
552:
republic" as well as criticized for their "rigid, severe and meticulous regimentation" of the lives of the indigenous peoples they ruled with a firm hand through Guaraní intermediaries.
782:
664:, ended when a larger combined force of 3,000 Spanish and Portuguese troops crushed the revolt in 1756, with Guaraní losses. both in the battle and subsequent massacres, of over 1,500.
5635:
2372:
413:
slave-traders threatened the existence of the reductions, Indian militias were set up, which fought effectively against the Portuguese colonists. However, directly as a result of the
291:
142:
500:. Legally, under colonial rule, Indians were classified as minors, in effect children, to be protected and guided to salvation (conversion to Christianity) by European missionaries.
4603:
5630:
354:". Others have argued that "the Jesuits took away the Indians' freedom, forced them to radically change their lifestyle, physically abused them, and subjected them to disease".
648:, reductions now in Brazil, threatening to expose the Indians again to the more oppressive Portuguese system. The Jesuits complied, trying to relocate the population across the
2938:
421:. So ended the era of the Paraguayan reductions. The reasons for the expulsion related more to politics in Europe than to the activities of the Jesuit missions themselves.
703:, the largest city associated with the reductions, was atypical as a Spanish settlement that predated the Jesuits and functioned as a centre for the Jesuit presence, with a
5625:
4623:
2024:
1312:
1054:
913:, musicians and makers of musical instruments, painters, and turners could sometimes be found. They also had printers, and manuscripts were also produced by hand copying.
284:
5541:
343:
early in the 17th century and ended in the late 18th century after the expulsion of the Jesuit order from the Americas. The missions have been called an experiment in "
1538:
771:
707:
centre and a college that is now the local university. The Córdoba mission was taken over by the Franciscans in 1767. Many of the missions in ruins have been declared
53:
877:
advanced it became gradually smaller as groups of Indians dropped off to work the various fields and finally the priest and acolyte with the musicians returned alone.
581:
of Brazil, spread over an area of more than 100,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi). The total Native population of this area was probably about 100,000.
1284:
5088:
4583:
5655:
2332:
1324:
5650:
5546:
4633:
444:
4238:
424:
The Jesuit Río de la Plata reductions reached a maximum population of 141,182 in 1732 in 30 missions in Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. The reductions of the
511:, and therefore had to look to the frontiers of colonization for mission areas. The Jesuit reductions originated in the early seventeenth century when Bishop
5670:
3596:
2269:
548:(1986), whose story relates to the events of the 1750s on a miniature scale. The Jesuit reductions have been lavishly praised as a "socialist utopia" and a "
417:
in several European countries, including Spain, in 1767, the Jesuits were expelled from the Guaraní missions (and the Americas) by order of the Spanish king
2933:
629:
The Bandeirantes followed the reductions into Spanish territory, but in 1641 the Guaraní militia defeated an army of 1,500 or more Bandeirante slavers and
436:, also in Bolivia, reached a population of about 30,000 in 1720. In Chiquitos, the first reduction was founded in 1691 and in the Llanos de Moxos in 1682.
5473:
519:, the Spanish governor of Asunción made a deal with the Jesuit Provincial of Paraguay. The Jesuits agreed to set up hamlets at strategic points along the
5640:
385:). The objectives of the reductions were to impart Christianity and European culture. Secular as well as religious authorities created "reductions".
5585:
2757:
2681:
2669:
2570:
2325:
5680:
5645:
5453:
4557:
3235:
2479:
1382:
1060:
190:
684:
to assert more control over the American colonies. In total, 78 Jesuits departed from the missions leaving behind 89,000 Guaraní in 30 missions.
5675:
4537:
751:
The Jesuit success in the Rio de la Plata, Chiquitos, and Llanos de Moxos missions was not duplicated by missions among the populous and warlike
2614:
2377:
589:
147:
5665:
5311:
4273:
4142:
3769:
3765:
3422:
3133:
2812:
2256:
2228:
2182:
2113:
2092:
2071:
2047:
2008:
1522:
465:
4769:
2629:
1152:
35:
5406:
5401:
4175:
3818:
3271:
2870:
2787:
2752:
1402:
920:
and other markets under the supervision of the priests. The proceeds earned were divided among a common fund, the workers, and dependents.
468:, bringing Christianity to indigenous communities. The colonial governments and missionaries agreed on the strategy of gathering the often
1728:
Demographic Change and Ethnic Survival among the Sedentary Populations on the Jesuit Mission Frontiers of Spanish South America, 1609-1803
5468:
4588:
2417:
2367:
2291:
1431:
1296:
1022:
503:
The Jesuits, formally founded only in 1540, were relatively late arrivals in the New World, from about 1570, especially compared to the
414:
97:
4704:
3360:
5600:
5235:
4552:
4488:
4210:
4190:
3665:
3397:
3181:
2747:
2659:
2583:
2211:
1346:
Sepé Tiaraju, the leader of the Guaraní rebels, in the Rio Grande do Sul Epic Memorial, at the entrance of the Mercado Station of the
1186:
759:
foothills. A Jesuit mission amongst the Chiriguanos in 1767 had only 268 converts. Likewise, the Jesuits had little success among the
641:
3705:
3335:
2130:
5210:
4608:
4152:
2456:
2427:
2140:
2057:
2000:
1858:
1480:
1372:
171:
107:
5301:
4877:
3447:
3046:
2664:
2654:
2012:
1165:
1090:
5501:
4817:
4812:
4185:
3669:
2732:
2348:
1018:
62:
5017:
2022:
5438:
5230:
4366:
4316:
4301:
4200:
3887:
3789:
3061:
3041:
2382:
1191:
620:
Location of the most important Spanish Jesuit reductions (1631-1767) in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay with present-day borders
4872:
4613:
787:
5458:
5396:
5195:
4326:
4306:
4278:
4195:
4170:
4030:
3838:
3745:
3675:
3652:
3003:
2943:
2905:
2644:
2530:
2439:
2407:
2159:
461:
251:
137:
102:
5421:
5250:
5007:
4694:
1042:
5551:
5506:
5448:
5426:
5240:
5012:
4807:
4802:
4483:
4468:
3553:
3417:
3370:
2802:
2563:
2434:
433:
127:
5685:
5443:
5431:
5411:
4942:
4764:
4243:
3623:
3432:
3228:
2962:
2686:
2604:
2469:
2389:
1377:
1084:
712:
425:
185:
157:
5416:
5316:
4947:
4399:
4331:
3300:
3123:
3051:
2860:
2649:
2634:
2422:
2412:
2402:
2296:
2103:
680:(1759–88) expelled the Jesuits from the Spanish dominions in the Americas. The expulsion was part of an effort in the
122:
117:
92:
4867:
4774:
4714:
1048:
752:
2246:
872:
In the morning, children's hymns were followed by Mass and breakfast, after which the workers went to their tasks.
5690:
5351:
4734:
4689:
4361:
4248:
4160:
4132:
3759:
3729:
3365:
3138:
2865:
2742:
2737:
2722:
2362:
1095:
132:
3350:
3320:
5270:
5220:
5078:
4977:
4473:
4346:
4311:
4263:
4165:
3777:
3661:
3315:
2444:
1552:
Roehner, Bertrand M. (April 1997), "Jesuits and the State: A Comparative Study of their Expulsions (1590–1990)",
542:, no friend of the Catholic Church. Their story has continued to be the subject of romanticizing, as in the film
152:
3442:
3427:
5660:
5215:
5098:
4997:
4992:
4932:
4351:
4341:
4127:
3830:
3741:
3188:
3143:
3013:
2978:
2920:
2843:
2838:
2807:
2701:
2556:
2489:
696:
declared that all Indians were citizens of Paraguay and distributed the last of the missions' communal lands.
485:
200:
5058:
4857:
4759:
4674:
1201:
1120:
573:
in present-day Paraguay. For the next 22 years the Jesuits focused on founding 15 missions in the province of
2082:
5265:
5123:
4967:
4907:
4458:
4356:
4321:
4268:
3773:
3737:
3467:
3340:
3325:
3221:
2998:
2900:
2853:
2619:
2499:
2494:
1914:[A Current Description of the Province of the Society of Jesus in Paraguay with Neighboring Areas].
693:
588:
The reductions were within Portuguese-claimed territory and large-scale raids by the Bandeirante slavers of
544:
220:
205:
77:
5556:
5128:
5063:
4699:
4567:
4453:
4336:
4296:
3940:
3733:
3392:
3382:
3071:
2910:
2833:
2691:
2317:
1673:
Crocitti, John J. (2002), "The Internal Economic Organizations of the Jesuit Missions among the Guarani",
1140:
1100:
570:
3899:
5356:
5002:
4412:
4233:
4122:
4061:
3989:
3600:
3280:
3108:
3008:
2983:
2948:
2817:
2797:
2710:
2305:
1751:
1407:
1211:
1206:
1125:
1115:
1110:
743:
5536:
4937:
4847:
4724:
4684:
4643:
3612:
2925:
2277:
1472:
1064:
700:
5511:
5180:
5143:
5133:
5073:
5037:
4972:
4952:
4827:
4749:
4659:
4478:
3355:
3345:
3033:
2848:
2792:
2771:
1221:
1105:
677:
634:
453:
418:
393:
5580:
5336:
5326:
5321:
5205:
5185:
5138:
5118:
5027:
4922:
4917:
4862:
4832:
4598:
4223:
4180:
4137:
4066:
4035:
3806:
3785:
3751:
3657:
3627:
3558:
3402:
3375:
3275:
3174:
3155:
3090:
3018:
2888:
2727:
2591:
1130:
906:
792:
708:
645:
549:
516:
378:
4792:
5341:
5331:
5306:
5260:
5225:
5083:
4669:
4542:
4040:
4020:
3680:
3568:
3457:
3295:
3103:
3098:
2988:
2915:
1975:
Jackson, Robert H, "Power, Population, and the Colonizations of the Fringes of Spanish America,"
1532:
1347:
1251:
1216:
1196:
1079:
Mission church of San Miguel de Velasco, completed in 1760, Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos, Bolivia
605:
449:
274:
4664:
4593:
2302:
A Current Description of the Province of the Society of Jesus in Paraguay with Neighboring Areas
389:
1745:
864:
or cane, with home-made furniture and religious pictures often made by the natives themselves.
625:
maximum of 141,242 in 1732. Populations of individual reductions varied from 2,000 to 7,000.
5595:
5521:
5463:
5296:
5068:
5042:
5032:
5022:
4957:
4912:
4842:
4822:
4797:
4744:
4719:
3984:
3538:
3534:
3511:
3452:
3407:
3266:
3197:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3056:
3023:
2993:
2599:
2397:
2252:
2234:
2224:
2207:
2178:
2155:
2136:
2109:
2088:
2067:
2043:
2004:
1996:
1854:
1518:
1476:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1237:
1037:
902:
594:
578:
362:
316:
162:
2310:
5531:
5153:
5148:
5113:
5093:
4852:
4729:
4628:
4532:
3994:
3834:
3685:
3617:
3563:
3148:
2609:
2535:
2474:
2464:
2199:
1561:
1255:
1135:
1033:
847:
760:
482:
478:
370:
256:
180:
112:
1777:
Jackson, Robert H., "A Survey of Demographic Patterns in the Jesuit Missions of Paraguay",
1075:
892:
5346:
5286:
5200:
5108:
4982:
4962:
4927:
4709:
4679:
4618:
4228:
4218:
3999:
3891:
3848:
3608:
3516:
3387:
3202:
2675:
2520:
2028:
720:
681:
608:, Brazil. They were destroyed by Bandeirantes and revolts by the local indigenous people.
504:
493:
340:
332:
241:
210:
69:
5255:
724:
653:
520:
1275:
Church built by the Jesuits in the present territory of Uruguay, in the locality called
46:
5573:
5190:
5103:
4987:
4739:
4562:
4547:
4448:
4422:
4407:
4288:
3883:
3877:
3781:
3548:
3462:
3412:
3290:
3244:
2624:
2170:
1510:
661:
358:
5619:
4754:
3604:
3521:
3330:
3076:
2281:
1950:
831:
732:
649:
2061:
560:
5526:
5516:
5245:
4784:
4638:
4463:
3979:
3755:
3437:
3285:
2515:
2248:
The Hispanic labyrinth: tradition and modernity in the colonization of the Americas
1740:
917:
527:
410:
365:
adopted a strategy of gathering native populations into communities called "Indian
236:
4837:
3907:
2036:
5596:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
17:
4427:
4417:
4253:
3822:
910:
630:
531:
508:
269:
5291:
4025:
3695:
3305:
2525:
2238:
2063:
A Vanished Arcadia: Being Some Account of the Jesuits in Paraguay 1607 to 1767
1157:
809:
764:
526:
The reductions were considered by some philosophers as idyllic communities of
489:
397:
366:
246:
2286:
1976:
1815:
1778:
916:
The goods that were produced at the missions, including cattle, were sold in
692:
occupied what had formerly been mission lands. in 1848, Paraguayan president
515:
asked for missionaries for Paraguay. In 1609, acting under instructions from
4258:
4015:
3915:
3592:
3526:
2639:
813:
728:
704:
512:
347:
344:
320:
1565:
601:
574:
432:, reached a maximum population of 25,000 in 1766. Jesuit reductions in the
30:
2297:
Detailed description of the Jesuit reductions in Chiquitanía with pictures
1318:
Detail of adobe facade at San Javier, Ñuflo de Chávez, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
717:
Jesuit Missions of La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná and Jesús de Tavarangue
4432:
3542:
3310:
2579:
539:
328:
319:("Indians" or "Indios") in an area straddling the borders of present-day
2200:"On the Economics of the Socialist Theocracy of the Jesuits in Paraguay"
1912:"Paraguariae Provinciae Soc. Jesu cum Adiacentibg. Novissima Descriptio"
616:
5590:
5561:
4114:
4071:
4056:
3700:
2105:
Land Without Evil: Utopian Journeys Across the South American Watershed
1662:
Land Without Evil: Utopian Journeys Across the South American Watershed
1331:
882:
856:
842:
821:
805:
689:
600:
In the 1630s, the Jesuits also established short-lived missions in the
429:
406:
336:
2292:
Colonial Brazil: The Portuguese, the Tupi, and other indigenous tribes
2218:
1744:
652:
as the treaty allowed, but the Guaraní militia under the mission-born
4527:
4081:
4076:
3853:
1303:
886:
826:
324:
2548:
820:
The main buildings, especially the churches, were often substantial
2301:
1911:
5568:
3895:
3842:
3690:
3506:
2274:
1678:
1074:
891:
861:
841:
786:
756:
615:
559:
469:
443:
29:
3213:
388:
The missions among the Guaraní are often called collectively the
3911:
3903:
3826:
1705:, Volume 3, Part 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 25
1290:
Interior of the wooden church at Concepcion, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
699:
Some of the reductions have continued to be inhabited as towns.
644:, the Spanish ceded to the Portuguese territories including the
27:
17th to 18th-century Christian missions in central South America
5490:
5385:
4509:
4387:
4102:
3961:
3929:
3866:
3803:
3718:
3641:
3581:
3495:
3484:
3255:
3217:
2552:
2321:
456:, the first Jesuit that Ignacio de Loyola sent to the Americas
2287:
In-depth 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article on the Reductions
2220:
The Guaraní and Their Missions : A Socioeconomic History
2193:
Conquistador without sword. The life of Roque González, S.J.
1703:
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas
577:, corresponding to the western two-thirds of present-day
1469:
The Lost Paradise - The Jesuit Republic in South America
783:
Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
2349:
Spanish missions of the Catholic Church in the Americas
2038:
The lost paradise: the Jesuit Republic in South America
2311:
The Jesuit Missions of Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil
817:
indigenous culture to function is a matter of debate.
357:
In their newly acquired South American dominions, the
3559:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
2084:
The Guarani under Spanish Rule in the Rio de la Plata
1701:
Saloman, Frank and Schwarts, Stuart B., eds. (1996),
2019:
Art on the Jesuit Missions in Asia and Latin America
1361:
Remanescentes e ruínas da Igreja de São Miguel. (pt)
405:
Under the leadership of both the Jesuits and native
5279:
5173:
5166:
5051:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4783:
4652:
4576:
4520:
4441:
4398:
4287:
4209:
4151:
4113:
4049:
4008:
3972:
3089:
3032:
2961:
2887:
2826:
2770:
2709:
2590:
2508:
2455:
2355:
569:In 1609 three Jesuits began the first reduction in
2035:
1993:A history of Latin America: c. 1450 to the present
1853:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 278.
772:List of churches of the Jesuit Missions of Chaco
735:, and Portuguese, originated in the reductions.
597:, Brazil) who had suffered similar experiences.
2175:Christianity comes to the Americas: 1492 - 1776
2129:Haase, Wolfgang; Meyer, Reinhold, eds. (1994).
1814:Jackson,"A Survey of Demographic Patterns...",
5636:History of indigenous peoples of South America
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
795:by two Jesuits, printed at a reduction in 1724
3748:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
3229:
2564:
2333:
1515:Christianity comes to the Americas: 1492–1776
747:Location of the Chiquitos missions in Bolivia
477:, and also took the form of the hospitals of
392:missions. The Jesuits attempted to create a "
292:
8:
5631:1767 disestablishments in the Spanish Empire
3423:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
2108:(illustrated ed.). Verso. p. 202.
1865:Edited by Michael Meyer and William Beezley.
1593:Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, p. 11
1537:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1517:. New York: Paragon House. pp. 98–100.
2275:Indigenous Genocide in the Brazilian Amazon
2270:Article by Alan Rinding on Brazil's Indians
2154:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1432:"Reductions of Paraguay | Encyclopedia.com"
763:, several nomadic tribes who dominated the
5487:
5382:
5170:
4897:
4890:
4517:
4506:
4395:
4384:
4110:
4099:
3969:
3958:
3926:
3863:
3800:
3715:
3638:
3578:
3492:
3481:
3252:
3236:
3222:
3214:
2971:
2967:
2893:
2780:
2776:
2715:
2571:
2557:
2549:
2340:
2326:
2318:
1977:http://www.casahistoria.net/rhjackson2.htm
1932:, Durham: Duke University Press, pp. 15-16
1816:http://www.casahistoria.net/rhjackson6.htm
1779:http://www.casahistoria.net/rhjackson6.htm
668:independence, became a cause of concern.
460:In the 16th century, priests of different
299:
285:
76:
41:
5626:1609 establishments in the Spanish Empire
5542:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
1962:
1960:
1958:
1677:, Vol. 77, No. 1/2, p.3. Downloaded from
640:Over a century passed until, in the 1750
5547:Colonial universities in the Philippines
2132:The Classical Tradition and the Americas
1383:Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery
926:
742:
335:). The missions were established by the
4538:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
1886:
1874:
1827:
1802:
1509:Lippy, Charles H, Robert Choquette and
1454:
1423:
1265:
656:resisted. What came to be known as the
228:
170:
84:
61:
1951:Martin Schmid, architect and musician.
1898:
1714:
1689:
1639:
1602:
1577:
1530:
929:Total Population of Guaraní reductions
2169:Lippy, Charles H; Choquette, Robert;
1246:, founded in 1741 and known today as
1061:Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba
881:At noon each group assembled for the
7:
5651:Spanish colonization of the Americas
3819:Captaincy General of the Philippines
3311:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
2066:(etext). London: William Heinemann.
1790:
1591:Mission Culture on the Upper Amazon,
1403:Sculpture of the Misiones Orientales
1334:at San Miguel de Velasco, Santa Cruz
984:Reduced population due to epidemics
5671:Settlement schemes in South America
5522:Indochristian painting in New Spain
2418:List of missions in Spanish Florida
1675:International Social Science Review
1023:Spanish missions in Baja California
905:, carpenters, tailors, hat makers,
415:suppression of the Society of Jesus
5656:Governorate of the Río de la Plata
4489:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
2660:Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner
2204:The Political Economy of Theocracy
1995:, 2nd edn, 2004, Wiley-Blackwell,
1234:Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados
315:were a type of settlement for the
25:
5641:Spanish missions in South America
3463:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
2195:Chicago: Loyola University Press.
1930:Expecting Pears from an Elm Tree,
1373:Spanish missions in South America
973:Largest population of reductions
313:Jesuit missions among the Guaraní
5574:Criollos in the colonial society
5502:Spanish missions in the Americas
4624:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
2700:
2615:José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
2251:, Transaction Publishers, 1991,
1354:
1339:
1323:
1311:
1295:
1283:
1268:
1019:Jesuit missions in North America
885:, after which came dinner and a
268:
45:
5681:Settlement schemes in Argentina
5646:Jesuit history in South America
5601:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
1187:La Santisima Trinidad de Paraná
896:A Jesuit in 18th-century Brazil
5676:Settlement schemes in Paraguay
3653:Captaincy General of Guatemala
3361:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
530:, and were praised as such by
34:The Spanish Jesuit mission of
1:
5552:General Archive of the Indies
4813:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
4484:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
4469:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
3418:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
3371:War of the Spanish Succession
3336:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
2223:. Stanford University Press.
2217:Sarreal, Julia J. S. (2014).
2087:. Stanford University Press.
1244:Estancia del Rio de las Vacas
846:Church from the reduction of
715:in Bolivia, and the ruins of
5666:Spanish missions in Paraguay
3624:Captaincy General of Yucatan
3554:Union with Holy Roman Empire
3533:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
3448:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
2605:Governorate of New Andalusia
2191:McNaspy, Clement J. (1984).
1851:The Oxford History of Mexico
1378:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
1085:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
791:Title page of a book on the
713:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
426:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
4104:Administrative subdivisions
3301:War of the League of Cognac
2177:. New York: Paragon House.
2042:. New York: Seabury Press.
1726:Jackson, Robert H. (2015),
1467:Caraman Philip. SJ (1975).
1043:Nuestra Señora de Santa Ana
709:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
612:Reestablishment and success
5707:
4818:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
4803:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
4705:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
3603:), Western United States (
3366:Portuguese Restoration War
2245:de Ventós, Xavier Rubert,
2017:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander.
1082:
1016:
1013:Jesuit missions by country
780:
769:
5586:Slavery in Spanish Empire
5497:
5486:
5392:
5381:
4873:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
4614:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
4516:
4505:
4474:Barcelona Trading Company
4394:
4383:
4239:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
4109:
4098:
3968:
3957:
3936:
3873:
3814:
3746:Venezuela, part of Guyana
3725:
3648:
3599:, Central United States (
3588:
3502:
3491:
3480:
3331:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
3316:Expulsion of the Moriscos
3262:
3251:
3168:
2974:
2970:
2896:
2783:
2779:
2718:
2698:
1928:Langer, Erick D. (2009),
1849:Guedea, Virginia (2000).
1277:"Calera de las Huérfanas"
1248:"Calera de las Huérfanas"
962:Steady growth since 1647
496:reductions were known as
172:Missions in South America
85:Missions in North America
5527:Quito painting tradition
5517:Cusco painting tradition
4878:García López de Cárdenas
4868:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
4775:Felipe González de Ahedo
4695:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
3272:Conquest of the Americas
2788:Administrative divisions
2682:2000 coup d'état attempt
2670:1996 coup d'état attempt
2081:Ganson, Barbara (2003).
2058:Cunninghame Graham, R.B.
2034:Caraman, Philip (1976).
1049:Nuestra Señora de Loreto
753:Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
350:" or a rare example of "
5312:Comuneros (New Granada)
5089:Balearic Islands (1558)
4808:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
4735:Ruy López de Villalobos
4690:Miguel López de Legazpi
4604:García de Toledo Osorio
3468:Western Sahara conflict
3458:Independence of Morocco
3398:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
3341:Piracy in the Caribbean
3326:French Wars of Religion
2827:Legal system and issues
1746:"Guaraní Indians"
1170:São Francisco de Borgia
711:, including six of the
466:evangelize the Americas
448:The Spanish missionary
5557:Colonial Spanish Horse
5231:Colonia del Sacramento
4454:Spanish treasure fleet
4031:Royal Decree of Graces
2934:Science and technology
2150:Henning, John (1978).
2102:Gott, Richard (1993).
1991:Bakewell, Peter John,
1818:, accessed 26 Oct 2017
1781:, accessed 26 Oct 2017
1660:Gott, Richard (1993),
1566:10.1006/reli.1996.0048
1473:Sidgwick & Jackson
1153:São Miguel das Missões
1141:San Ignacio de Zamucos
1101:San Ignacio de Velasco
1080:
1006:Reductions in decline
897:
879:
851:
796:
748:
658:War of the Reductions,
621:
604:region of present-day
566:
457:
382:
374:
275:Catholicism portal
39:
36:São Miguel das Missões
4715:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
4675:Juan Sebastián Elcano
3990:Council of the Indies
3351:Spanish–Moro conflict
3321:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
3281:Treaty of Tordesillas
2692:2017 political crisis
2687:2012 political crisis
2306:World Digital Library
2135:. Walter de Gruyter.
1979:, accessed 5 Dec 2017
1916:World Digital Library
1766:Catholic Encyclopedia
1752:Catholic Encyclopedia
1664:, London: Verso, p. 8
1589:Block, David (1994),
1408:History of yerba mate
1202:Encarnacion de Itapua
1176:Santo Ângelo Custódio
1126:Santiago de Chiquitos
1121:San José de Chiquitos
1116:San Rafael de Velasco
1111:San Miguel de Velasco
1078:
895:
874:
845:
790:
770:Further information:
755:(Chiriguanos) of the
746:
619:
563:
550:Christian communistic
447:
375:reducciones de indios
33:
5512:Mesoamerican Codices
5236:Comuneros (Paraguay)
5074:Siege of Castelnuovo
4660:Christopher Columbus
4479:Consulate of the Sea
4459:Casa de Contratación
4050:Titles and positions
3443:Spanish–American War
3433:Liberal constitution
3276:Asia and the Pacific
2758:World Heritage Sites
2733:Environmental issues
2620:Carlos Antonio López
1730:Boston: BRILL, p. 63
1436:www.encyclopedia.com
1330:Detail of the altar
1106:Santa Ana de Velasco
1057:in Misiones Province
1055:Santa María la Mayor
1051:in Misiones Province
1045:in Misiones Province
868:Life at the missions
731:, based on Guaraní,
694:Carlos Antonio López
678:Charles III of Spain
538:(1748), and even by
394:state within a state
5686:Philip III of Spain
5241:Cartagena de Indias
4863:Diego de Mazariegos
4833:Pere Fages i Beleta
4700:Sebastián de Ocampo
4181:Provincias Internas
4153:Captaincies General
4067:Municipal president
4036:School of Salamanca
3807:Spanish East Indies
3786:Misiones Orientales
3658:Spanish West Indies
3622:, Central America (
3569:Pyrénées-Orientales
3522:Union with Portugal
3413:Napoleonic invasion
3393:War of Jenkins' Ear
3042:Freedom of religion
3019:List of Paraguayans
2645:February Revolution
1901:, pp. 153–160.
1889:, pp. 231–236.
1805:, pp. 271–273.
1192:Jesús de Tavarangue
1162:São Lourenço Martir
931:
855:apartment, but one
646:Misiones Orientales
633:auxiliaries at the
452:was, together with
5537:Academia Antártica
5492:Other civil topics
4858:Pánfilo de Narváez
4760:Sebastián Vizcaíno
4725:Andrés de Urdaneta
4685:Juan Ponce de León
4670:Ferdinand Magellan
4644:Bernardo de Gálvez
4543:Indian auxiliaries
4041:Trial of residence
4021:Laws of the Indies
3805:Asia and Oceania (
3666:Dominican Republic
3004:Indigenous peoples
2944:Telecommunications
2198:Nonneman, Walter.
2027:2018-07-12 at the
1768:, Ganson pp. 42-46
1348:Porto Alegre Metro
1306:in the same church
1252:Colonia Department
1236:, on the coast of
1222:Santa Rosa de Lima
1207:Santa Maria de Fey
1197:San Cosme y Damian
1081:
927:
898:
852:
797:
749:
701:Córdoba, Argentina
622:
606:Mato Grosso do Sul
567:
556:Failure and flight
458:
450:Joseph of Anchieta
363:Portuguese Empires
352:benign colonialism
40:
5691:Colonial Paraguay
5613:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5482:
5481:
5387:Spanish conquests
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5162:
5161:
4843:Pedro de Alvarado
4828:Gaspar de Portolà
4823:Pedro de Valdivia
4798:Francisco Pizarro
4750:Nicolás de Ovando
4745:Alonso de Ercilla
4720:Alonso de Salazar
4553:Ships of the line
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3925:
3924:
3882:Northern Africa (
3878:Equatorial Guinea
3862:
3861:
3799:
3798:
3714:
3713:
3637:
3636:
3628:Spanish Caribbean
3601:Spanish Louisiana
3577:
3576:
3512:Crown of Castille
3476:
3475:
3453:Spanish Civil War
3428:Adams–Onís Treaty
3408:Nootka Convention
3356:Thirty Years' War
3346:Eighty Years' War
3267:Catholic Monarchs
3257:Timeline–immersed
3211:
3210:
3164:
3163:
3085:
3084:
2957:
2956:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2813:Political parties
2803:Foreign relations
2766:
2765:
2546:
2545:
2313:Robert H. Jackson
2257:978-0-88738-301-4
2230:978-0-8047-9122-9
2184:978-1-55778-234-2
2115:978-0-86091-398-6
2094:978-0-8047-5495-8
2073:978-0-7126-1887-8
2049:978-0-8164-9295-4
2009:978-0-631-23160-8
1918:(in Latin). 1732.
1830:, pp. 32–33.
1793:, pp. 37–43.
1524:978-1-55778-234-2
1398:Mission (station)
1393:Indian Reductions
1388:Catholic missions
1238:Santa Lucia River
1212:San Ignacio Guazú
1131:San Juan Bautista
1038:Misiones Province
1010:
1009:
995:Jesuits expelled
909:, boat builders,
719:in Paraguay. Two
635:battle of Mbororé
595:Rio Grande do Sul
571:San Ignacio Guazú
536:L'Esprit des Lois
494:Portuguese Brazil
454:Manuel da Nóbrega
309:
308:
18:Jesuit reductions
16:(Redirected from
5698:
5488:
5454:Chibchan Nations
5383:
5352:Santiago de Cuba
5211:Guadalupe Island
5171:
4898:
4891:
4853:Diego de Almagro
4730:Antonio de Ulloa
4634:Ambrosio Spinola
4629:Pedro de Zubiaur
4599:Alfonso d'Avalos
4589:Antonio de Leyva
4533:Army of Flanders
4518:
4507:
4396:
4385:
4111:
4100:
3970:
3959:
3927:
3900:Peñón of Algiers
3864:
3801:
3716:
3639:
3621:
3579:
3493:
3482:
3403:Seven Years' War
3376:Queen Anne's War
3253:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3215:
3191:
3184:
3177:
2972:
2968:
2929:
2894:
2781:
2777:
2716:
2704:
2665:1989 coup d'état
2655:1954 coup d'état
2635:Second Civil War
2610:Jesuit reduction
2573:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2475:Circular Mission
2465:Jesuit reduction
2342:
2335:
2328:
2319:
2242:
2188:
2165:
2146:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2098:
2077:
2053:
2041:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1902:
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1890:
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1706:
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1671:
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1658:
1652:
1649:
1643:
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1631:
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1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1528:
1506:
1487:
1486:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1428:
1358:
1343:
1327:
1315:
1299:
1287:
1272:
1217:Santiago Apóstol
1173:São Luis Gonzaga
1158:São João Batista
1034:San Ignacio Mini
932:
848:San Ignacio Mini
793:Guaraní language
761:Guaycuru peoples
739:Other reductions
721:creole languages
642:Treaty of Madrid
479:Vasco de Quiroga
462:religious orders
301:
294:
287:
273:
272:
216:Eastern Missions
80:
63:Spanish missions
49:
42:
21:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5661:Colonial Brazil
5616:
5615:
5614:
5605:
5581:Old inquisition
5493:
5478:
5388:
5361:
5317:Trinidad (1797)
5287:La Noche Triste
5275:
5271:San Juan (1797)
5221:San Juan (1595)
5158:
5047:
4887:Notable battles
4882:
4848:Martín de Ursúa
4779:
4710:Alonso de Ojeda
4680:Juan de la Cosa
4665:Pinzón brothers
4648:
4619:John of Austria
4594:Martín de Goiti
4572:
4512:
4493:
4437:
4390:
4371:
4283:
4279:Terra Australis
4274:Río de la Plata
4219:Castilla de Oro
4205:
4147:
4143:Río de la Plata
4105:
4086:
4045:
4004:
4000:Santa Hermandad
3964:
3945:
3941:Terra Australis
3932:
3921:
3888:Spanish Morocco
3869:
3858:
3849:Northern Taiwan
3810:
3795:
3766:Río de la Plata
3721:
3710:
3644:
3643:Central America
3633:
3615:
3584:
3573:
3517:Crown of Aragon
3498:
3487:
3472:
3388:Bourbon Reforms
3258:
3247:
3242:
3212:
3207:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3160:
3124:Public holidays
3081:
3052:Catholic Church
3028:
2953:
2927:
2875:
2861:Law enforcement
2822:
2762:
2753:Protected areas
2705:
2696:
2676:Marzo paraguayo
2650:Third Civil War
2630:First Civil War
2586:
2577:
2547:
2542:
2521:Mission Indians
2504:
2451:
2368:Baja California
2351:
2346:
2316:
2266:
2231:
2216:
2185:
2171:Poole, Stafford
2168:
2162:
2149:
2143:
2128:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2080:
2074:
2056:
2050:
2033:
2029:Wayback Machine
1988:
1983:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1956:
1949:
1945:
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1936:
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1738:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1529:
1525:
1508:
1507:
1490:
1483:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1457:, pp. 6–7.
1453:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1307:
1302:Painted wooden
1300:
1291:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1230:
1183:
1149:
1087:
1073:
1030:
1025:
1015:
870:
840:
785:
779:
774:
741:
682:Bourbon Reforms
674:
614:
558:
442:
434:Llanos de Moxos
390:Río de la Plata
341:Catholic Church
333:triple frontier
305:
267:
242:Mission Indians
98:Baja California
70:Catholic Church
67:
65:in the Americas
64:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5704:
5702:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5618:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5397:Canary Islands
5393:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5251:Túpac Amaru II
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5196:Bogotá savanna
5193:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5104:Spanish Armada
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4998:White Mountain
4995:
4993:Cape Celidonia
4990:
4988:English Armada
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4765:Juan Fernández
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4740:Diego Columbus
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4568:Army of Africa
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4548:Spanish Armada
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4449:Manila galleon
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3966:
3965:
3963:Administration
3962:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3884:Western Sahara
3880:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3782:Banda Oriental
3763:
3749:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3597:Coastal Alaska
3589:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3245:Spanish Empire
3243:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2939:Stock Exchange
2936:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2748:National parks
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2625:Paraguayan War
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Guaraní people
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2509:Related topics
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:United States
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2378:Sonoran Desert
2375:
2370:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2280:2014-08-24 at
2272:
2265:
2264:External links
2262:
2261:
2260:
2243:
2229:
2214:
2212:978-0230613102
2196:
2189:
2183:
2166:
2160:
2147:
2141:
2126:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2078:
2072:
2054:
2048:
2031:
2015:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1968:
1954:
1943:
1934:
1921:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1877:, p. 115.
1867:
1859:
1841:
1832:
1820:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1770:
1758:
1755:. Vol. 7.
1732:
1719:
1707:
1694:
1682:
1666:
1653:
1644:
1632:
1616:
1607:
1595:
1582:
1570:
1560:(2): 165–182,
1544:
1523:
1511:Stafford Poole
1488:
1481:
1459:
1447:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1241:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1083:Main article:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1026:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
990:
986:
985:
982:
979:
975:
974:
971:
968:
964:
963:
960:
957:
953:
952:
950:
947:
943:
942:
939:
936:
869:
866:
839:
838:Mission layout
836:
778:
775:
740:
737:
676:In 1767, king
673:
670:
613:
610:
557:
554:
441:
438:
317:Guaraní people
307:
306:
304:
303:
296:
289:
281:
278:
277:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
254:
244:
239:
231:
230:
229:Related topics
226:
225:
224:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
175:
174:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
148:Sonoran Desert
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
87:
86:
82:
81:
73:
72:
59:
58:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5703:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:Tapada limeña
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5489:
5485:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5384:
5380:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Montes Claros
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5064:Vienna (1529)
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:Hernán Cortés
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4785:Conquistadors
4782:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:Juan de Ayala
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:Duke of Savoy
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
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4526:
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4523:
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4515:
4508:
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4490:
4487:
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4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
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4465:
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4460:
4457:
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4450:
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4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:Dollar (Peso)
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4382:
4368:
4367:Santo Domingo
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4244:New Andalusia
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:Santo Domingo
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
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4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4115:Viceroyalties
4112:
4108:
4101:
4097:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
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4019:
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3998:
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3993:
3991:
3988:
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3855:
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3847:
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3832:
3828:
3824:
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3817:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3791:
3787:
3783:
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3775:
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3764:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3720:South America
3717:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
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3654:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3640:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3605:Spanish Texas
3602:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3583:North America
3580:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:Franche-Comté
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
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3329:
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3309:
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3216:
3204:
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3179:
3176:
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3142:
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3137:
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3127:
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3122:
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3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3077:San La Muerte
3075:
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3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
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2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2872:
2871:Supreme Court
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2850:
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2845:
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2840:
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2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2457:South America
2454:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
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2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:North America
2354:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:archive.today
2279:
2276:
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2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2240:
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2222:
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2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2142:9783110115727
2138:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:0-631-23160-9
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1941:Bakewell, 259
1938:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1860:9780199731985
1856:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1839:de Ventos, 48
1836:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1742:
1741:Mooney, James
1736:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1717:, p. 38.
1716:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1692:, p. 32.
1691:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1642:, p. 35.
1641:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1614:Bakewell, 258
1611:
1608:
1605:, p. 31.
1604:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1580:, p. 53.
1579:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1526:
1520:
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1512:
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1489:
1484:
1482:9780283982125
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
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1456:
1451:
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1437:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1418:
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1370:
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1245:
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1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
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1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
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1184:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Santo Corazón
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
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1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
977:
976:
972:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
944:
940:
937:
934:
933:
930:
925:
921:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
894:
890:
888:
884:
878:
873:
867:
865:
863:
858:
849:
844:
837:
835:
833:
832:Martin Schmid
828:
823:
818:
815:
811:
807:
801:
794:
789:
784:
776:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
745:
738:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
685:
683:
679:
671:
669:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:Uruguay river
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
626:
618:
611:
609:
607:
603:
598:
596:
591:
586:
582:
580:
576:
572:
562:
555:
553:
551:
547:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:noble savages
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
471:
467:
463:
455:
451:
446:
439:
437:
435:
431:
428:, in eastern
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
400:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
302:
297:
295:
290:
288:
283:
282:
280:
279:
276:
271:
266:
265:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
233:
232:
227:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
177:
176:
173:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:The Carolinas
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
89:
88:
83:
79:
75:
74:
71:
66:
60:
56:
55:
48:
44:
43:
37:
32:
19:
5507:Architecture
5402:The Americas
5266:Newfoundland
5256:Túpac Katari
5246:Cuerno Verde
5181:Tenochtitlan
5013:Valenciennes
4770:Luis Fajardo
4639:Blas de Lezo
4584:Duke of Alba
4464:Spanish Road
4302:Buenos Aires
4211:Governorates
3980:Ayuntamiento
3973:Organization
3438:Carlist Wars
3286:Italian Wars
3189:Bibliography
3144:Coat of arms
2979:Demographics
2921:Central Bank
2844:Human rights
2839:Constitution
2674:
2516:Cargo system
2495:Nahuel Huapi
2373:Sierra Gorda
2247:
2219:
2203:
2192:
2174:
2151:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2104:
2083:
2062:
2037:
2018:
2013:google books
1992:
1986:Bibliography
1971:
1946:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1894:
1887:Sarreal 2014
1882:
1875:Sarreal 2014
1870:
1850:
1844:
1835:
1828:Sarreal 2014
1823:
1810:
1803:Henning 1978
1798:
1786:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1750:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1710:
1702:
1697:
1685:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1656:
1647:
1635:
1610:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1573:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1514:
1468:
1462:
1455:Sarreal 2014
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:
1426:
1276:
1247:
1243:
1233:
928:
922:
918:Buenos Aires
915:
911:silversmiths
899:
880:
875:
871:
853:
850:in Argentina
819:
802:
798:
777:Mission life
750:
725:Língua Geral
698:
686:
675:
666:
657:
654:Sepé Tiaraju
639:
627:
623:
599:
587:
583:
579:Paraná state
568:
543:
535:
525:
521:Paraná river
502:
497:
475:congregación
474:
459:
423:
404:
398:
387:
356:
337:Jesuit Order
312:
310:
237:Cargo system
215:
206:Nahuel Huapi
52:
5474:Philippines
5439:El Salvador
5059:Capo d'Orso
4943:St. Quentin
4918:Rome (1527)
4577:Strategists
4327:Guadalajara
4254:New Navarre
4249:New Castile
4234:La Luisiana
4186:Puerto Rico
4176:Philippines
4133:New Granada
3823:Philippines
3784:(Uruguay),
3780:(Bolivia),
3730:New Granada
3670:Puerto Rico
3616: [
3486:Territories
3306:Encomiendas
2999:Immigration
2901:Agriculture
2866:Nationality
1899:Ganson 2003
1715:Ganson 2003
1690:Ganson 2003
1640:Ganson 2003
1603:Ganson 2003
1578:Ganson 2003
1166:São Nicolau
662:Guaraní War
545:The Mission
532:Montesquieu
517:Phillip III
509:Franciscans
464:set out to
419:Charles III
411:Bandeirante
399:encomiendas
5620:Categories
5144:Somosierra
5134:Manila Bay
5008:Nördlingen
4948:Gravelines
4428:Columnario
4400:Currencies
4317:Concepción
4289:Audiencias
4264:New Toledo
4229:La Florida
4062:Corregidor
4026:Papal bull
3931:Antarctica
3839:Micronesia
3296:Golden Age
3109:Literature
3072:Mennonites
2928:(currency)
2911:Ecotourism
2834:Civil Code
2818:Presidents
2526:Reductions
2440:New Mexico
2408:California
2239:1198930385
2161:0674751078
2121:2010-03-10
1651:Haase, 412
1471:. London:
1441:2020-09-03
1414:References
1096:Concepción
1091:San Javier
1017:See also:
938:Population
814:engravings
810:yerba mate
781:See also:
765:Gran Chaco
505:Dominicans
490:California
483:Franciscan
379:Portuguese
367:reductions
247:Reductions
138:New Mexico
103:California
5449:Nicaragua
5427:Guatemala
5337:Pichincha
5322:Chacabuco
5261:Pensacola
5206:Mataquito
5186:Cajamarca
5167:New World
5139:Trafalgar
5043:Alhucemas
4923:Landriano
4908:Comuneros
4894:Old World
4838:Joan Orpí
4558:Royalists
4332:Guatemala
4259:New Spain
4196:Venezuela
4171:Guatemala
4128:New Spain
4123:Columbian
4016:Exequatur
3916:Cape Juby
3770:Argentina
3593:New Spain
3527:Gibraltar
3291:Habsburgs
3009:Languages
2984:Education
2949:Transport
2906:Companies
2798:Elections
2711:Geography
2640:Chaco War
2500:Río Bueno
2470:Chiquitos
2435:Louisiana
2428:Carolinas
1791:Gott 1993
1630:Gott, 29
1533:cite book
1419:Footnotes
1028:Argentina
941:Comments
729:Nheengatu
705:novitiate
672:Expulsion
590:São Paulo
513:Lizarraga
348:theocracy
345:socialist
321:Argentina
221:Río Bueno
186:Chiquitos
143:Querétaro
128:Louisiana
113:Chihuahua
5459:Colombia
5444:Honduras
5357:Asomante
5342:Ayacucho
5332:Carabobo
5307:Curalaba
5084:Ceresole
4978:Gembloux
4938:Mühlberg
4653:Mariners
4511:Military
4433:Doubloon
4418:Maravedí
4362:Santiago
4269:Paraguay
3995:Germania
3835:Caroline
3790:Malvinas
3774:Paraguay
3734:Colombia
3676:Trinidad
3543:Sardinia
3383:Bourbons
3198:Category
3034:Religion
2926:Guaraní
2849:Abortion
2808:Military
2793:Congress
2772:Politics
2584:articles
2580:Paraguay
2390:Trinidad
2304:, 1732,
2278:Archived
2173:(1992).
2152:Red Gold
2060:(1924).
2025:Archived
2021:, 1999.
1743:(1910).
1554:Religion
1513:(1992).
1367:See also
1181:Paraguay
806:cowhides
690:mestizos
540:Rousseau
486:Missions
481:and the
407:caciques
383:reduções
329:Paraguay
163:Virginia
158:Trinidad
54:a series
51:Part of
38:, Brazil
5591:Asiento
5562:Mustang
5422:Yucatán
5417:Chiapas
5297:Tucapel
5129:Passaro
5079:Algiers
5069:Preveza
5038:Tetouan
5033:Vitoria
5023:Bitonto
4963:Antwerp
4958:Lepanto
4913:Bicocca
4389:Economy
4312:Charcas
4307:Caracas
4201:Yucatán
4072:Regidor
4057:Alcalde
3985:Cabildo
3892:Tripoli
3831:Mariana
3778:Charcas
3754:(Peru,
3738:Ecuador
3701:Bonaire
3696:Curazao
3681:Jamaica
3609:Florida
3175:Outline
3156:Tourism
3134:Symbols
3104:Cuisine
3091:Culture
3062:Judaism
2963:Society
2889:Economy
2728:Climate
2592:History
2480:Córdoba
2423:Georgia
2413:Florida
2403:Arizona
2383:Yucatan
2202:, from
1332:retable
1262:Gallery
1256:Carmelo
1228:Uruguay
1071:Bolivia
1065:Córdoba
970:141,242
907:coopers
903:tanners
883:Angelus
857:veranda
822:Baroque
660:or the
534:in his
498:aldeias
470:nomadic
440:History
430:Bolivia
402:.
371:Spanish
359:Spanish
339:of the
191:Córdoba
123:Georgia
118:Florida
93:Arizona
68:of the
5569:Castas
5327:Boyacá
5302:Guiana
5292:Iguape
5216:Recife
5154:Mactan
5149:Annual
5114:Rocroi
5109:Leiden
5094:Djerba
5028:Bailén
4983:Ostend
4968:Azores
4563:Legión
4528:Tercio
4521:Armies
4423:Escudo
4352:Panamá
4347:Mexico
4342:Manila
4297:Bogotá
4082:Vecino
4077:Syndic
3908:Béjaïa
3868:Africa
3854:Tidore
3742:Panama
3706:Belize
3613:Mexico
3539:Sicily
3535:Naples
3497:Europe
3203:Portal
3139:Anthem
3099:Cinema
3047:Baháʼí
2989:Health
2916:Energy
2723:Cities
2582:
2536:Jesuit
2485:Itapúa
2398:Ajacán
2363:Mexico
2255:
2237:
2227:
2210:
2181:
2158:
2139:
2112:
2091:
2070:
2046:
2007:
1999:
1966:Graham
1857:
1521:
1479:
1304:relief
1147:Brazil
1003:45,637
992:88,864
981:73,910
959:86,173
949:36,190
887:siesta
827:stucco
602:Itatín
575:Guayrá
325:Brazil
257:Jesuit
211:Mainas
196:Itapúa
181:Chiloé
133:Mexico
5464:Chile
5432:Petén
5407:Aztec
5226:Bahia
5201:Penco
5191:Cusco
5119:Downs
5099:Tunis
5018:Ceuta
5003:Breda
4953:Malta
4933:Tunis
4928:Pavia
4442:Trade
4357:Quito
4322:Cusco
4161:Chile
3896:Tunis
3843:Palau
3760:Chile
3691:Aruba
3686:Haiti
3620:]
3549:Milan
3507:Spain
3182:Index
3129:Sport
3119:Music
3114:Media
3057:Islam
3024:Women
2994:Crime
2743:Flora
2738:Fauna
2531:Andes
2490:Moxos
2445:Texas
1679:JSTOR
1254:near
1250:, in
862:adobe
757:Andes
565:raids
492:. In
331:(the
252:Andes
201:Moxos
153:Texas
5469:Inca
5412:Maya
5347:Guam
5280:Lost
5052:Lost
4973:Mons
4413:Real
4337:Lima
4224:Cuba
4166:Cuba
4138:Perú
3914:and
3912:Ifni
3904:Oran
3827:Guam
3756:Acre
3752:Peru
3662:Cuba
3541:and
3149:Flag
3014:LGBT
2854:LGBT
2253:ISBN
2235:OCLC
2225:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2179:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2137:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2089:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1997:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1539:link
1519:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1021:and
1000:1801
989:1768
978:1740
967:1732
956:1700
946:1641
935:Year
808:and
733:Tupi
727:and
631:Tupi
507:and
361:and
327:and
311:The
5174:Won
4901:Won
4009:Law
3906:,
3626:),
3607:),
3067:LDS
1562:doi
1063:in
1036:in
488:of
369:" (
5622::
3910:,
3902:,
3898:,
3894:,
3890:,
3886:,
3841:,
3837:,
3833:,
3829:,
3825:,
3788:,
3776:,
3772:,
3758:,
3744:,
3740:,
3736:,
3668:,
3664:,
3618:es
3611:,
3537:,
3274:,
2233:.
2206:,
2011:,
2003:,
1957:^
1749:.
1619:^
1558:27
1556:,
1535:}}
1531:{{
1491:^
1475:.
1434:.
767:.
723:,
381::
377:,
373::
323:,
57:on
3918:)
3845:)
3821:(
3809:)
3792:)
3768:(
3762:)
3732:(
3672:)
3660:(
3630:)
3595:(
3545:)
3237:e
3230:t
3223:v
2572:e
2565:t
2558:v
2341:e
2334:t
2327:v
2259:.
2241:.
2187:.
2164:.
2145:.
2124:.
2097:.
2076:.
2052:.
1863:.
1564::
1541:)
1527:.
1485:.
1444:.
1240:.
300:e
293:t
286:v
20:)
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