671:
581:, 60:3). Another midrash (Tanhuma Bechukotai 7) asserts that if Jephthah had read the laws of vows in the Torah, he would not have lost his daughter. The rabbis also ascribe Jephthah's death to his actions, as punishment: "Jephthah’s penalty consists of the shedding of his limbs, which are buried in numerous places, as is learned from Jud. 12:7: 'Then Jephthah the Gileadite died and he was buried in the towns of Gilead.' One limb would slough away and be buried in one location, and then another would fall off somewhere else and be buried there."
466:. Jephthah tears his clothes and cries, "Alas, my daughter! You have brought me very low!" but is bound by his vow: "I have opened my mouth to the Lord, and I cannot take back my vow". The girl asks for two months' grace, "...that I may go up and down on the mountains and weep for my virginity". And so Jephthah "did with her according to his vow that he had made". The story ends by recounting how "the daughters of Israel went year by year to lament the daughter of Jephthah, the Gileadite, four days in the year".
434:, east of Gilead. "Outlaws collected around Jephthah and went raiding with him." The elders of Gilead ask him to be their leader in the campaign against the Ammonites, but he holds out for a more permanent and a broader position, and the elders agree that, provided Jephthah succeeds in defeating Ammon, he will be their permanent chieftain. On behalf of Israel as a whole and in reliance on the might of God the Judge, Jephthah challenges the Ammonites. Jephthah swears an oath:
514:
825:(1689) challenging the divine right of kings, using Jephthah to demonstrate his "appeal to heaven" for changing government by the use of force in the absence of an earthly authority to petition to. See Book II, section 21. This concept is extremely important in first amendment jurisprudence, and is one of the strongest arguments against temporary restraining orders that enjoin speech, also known as a
1739:
554:). David Janzen argued that the story was an integral part of the Deuteronomist picture of moral decline through adoption of non-Israelitic practices such as child sacrifice. Solomon Landers believed that the absence of express judgement implies that the sacrifice was not acceptable to God, notwithstanding the fact that the sacrifice nevertheless happened.
613:(1288–1344), have taken fulfilment of Jephthah's vow as meaning that he only kept her in seclusion. This view is put forward also by Christian scholars from the 14th century and continues to be propounded today, as by Solomon Landers, who considers it most likely that the fate of Jephthah's daughter was perpetual virginity or solitary confinement.
68:
689:
been first written down in the 8th century BCE, when the
Northern kingdom of Israel (Samaria) began to collect its heroic tales, royal stories, and foundation myths. Finkelstein has also suggested that the story of Jephthah's vow may have been added into the story as late as the Hellenistic period.
623:
I will offer it up as a burnt offering"). As he explains the Hebrew prefix "ו" that is translated in the above passage as "and" is often used as a disjunctive, and means "or", when there is a second proposition. Indeed, this rendering is suggested in the margin of the A.V. Bullinger goes on to give
589:
saying that he was punished for not going to the high priest to get the vow annulled and was afflicted with an illness that caused his limbs to decompose off of his body at which point it would be buried where it fell thereby explaining the verse that said he was buried in the cities as opposed to
688:
has suggested that behind multiple and large-scale
Deuteronomistic and post-Deuteronomistic additions and redactions, there may lie an oral story which reflects a conflict on the boundary between Israelite and Ammonite settlements in Transjordan, around the towns of Gilead and Mizpah. It may have
632:
In any case, it should have been unlawful, and repugnant to
Jehovah, to offer a human being to Him as a burnt-offering, for His acceptance. Such offerings were common to heathen nations at that time, but it is noteworthy that Israel stands out among them with this great peculiarity, that human
959:
is based on the story of
Jephthah's daughter; Judges 11:34 is quoted in the foreword, and the plot follows the story of a girl in a Bronze Age Middle Eastern–inspired society whose father promises to sacrifice to his god the first person who congratulates him on his wife's recovery from an
624:
examples from the Bible where the same word has been translated as "or". According to him, the right translation of this passage is: "whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the people of Ammon, shall surely be the Lord's,
704:. Idomeneus had asked the gods to calm a storm, promising in return that he would sacrifice the first living thing he saw upon his return, which turned out to be his son. The similarity has caused some to wonder if they share a common ancestor.
641:) used in reference to Jephthah and his daughter in Judges 11:31 is also used in other Biblical stories alluding to human sacrifice, such as the story of Abraham and Isaac (Genesis 22) and Mesha of Moab and his son (2 Kings 3:27). Moreover, an
569:
held that God allowed
Jephthah to kill his daughter in order to prevent similar rash vows being made in the future and that it was for that purpose that the annual bewailing of the event took place as a constant reminder.
645:
in the Hebrew Bible exemplifies a pure gift to the deity. Thus, Jephthah is not stating an alternative between dedicating something to God and offering it up as a burnt offering, but clearly linking the two.
564:
gives a name for
Jephthah's daughter, Seila. Her character is elaborated and emphasized; "the author has done his utmost to put this woman on the same level as the patriarchs, in this case especially Isaac."
419:. The Israelites "again did what was evil in the sight of the Lord ... they forsook the Lord and did not serve him. So the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of the
473:, who refused to aid him in his struggle against the Ammonites. The story is remembered for the killing of the fugitive Ephraimites who were identified by their accent; they said the Hebrew word
619:, looks at the word "and" in Jephthah's vow (Judges 11:31: "whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the people of Ammon, shall surely be the Lord's,
168:. His father's name is also given as Gilead, and, as his mother is described as a prostitute, this may indicate that his father might have been any of the men of that area. Jephthah led the
1246:
199:
because of the length of the biblical narrative referring to him, but his story also shares features with those of the minor judges, such as his short tenure—only six years—in office.
1536:
628:
I will offer it up as a burnt offering." Jephthah's daughter, being the first that came out of the house, was thus, according to
Bullinger, dedicated to God. He also says:
1832:
1649:
1721:
1152:
577:
One midrash characterizes
Yiftach (Jephthah) as a person of poor judgment, who makes "unfitting" vows without proper consideration for consequences (
969:
1817:
670:
590:
city of Gilead. According to some rabbinical commentators, Phineas also sinned by failing to address the needs of relieving
Jephthah of his
1353:
157:
1519:
1415:
1690:
539:
was about to perform a divinely ordered sacrifice of his son, when an angel of God directly intervened and stopped the sacrifice.
852:
394:
655:
has an exposition of the issues at stake in this passage and contends that the vow
Jephthah made was not as rash as it sounds.
74:
1842:
1822:
438:". . . and whatever comes out from the doors of my house to meet me when I return in peace from the Ammonites shall be the L
1628:
1552:
594:
to sacrifice his daughter. As consequence, the high priesthood was taken from him and temporarily given to the offspring of
1827:
1367:
1170:
817:
616:
521:
574:
cited the story as an example of how it is "sometimes contrary to duty to fulfill a promise, or to keep an oath".
862:
659:
443:
1265:
801:
430:
Jephthah, having been born illegitimately, is driven out by his half-brothers and takes up his dwelling in
874:
697:
508:
491:
463:
312:
181:
551:
362:
1743:
806:
785:
387:
79:
1754:
708:
513:
210:
30:
This article is about a character in the Book of Judges. For the character in Book of Genesis, see
937:, Polonius tells Hamlet "If you call me Jephthah, my lord, I have a daughter I love passing well."
1461:
1049:
1014:
956:
810:
773:
685:
605:
Since at least the 12th or 13th century, Jewish scholars, among them the compiler and summarizer
306:
39:
881:
1769:
1609:
1572:
1478:
1411:
1349:
1344:
941:
913:
778:
678:
184:
was the first to come out of the house, he immediately regretted the vow, which bound him to
692:
Some observers have noted the similarities between Jephthah and the mythical Cretan general,
1640:
1390:
1041:
993:
896:
869:
744:
528:
114:
43:
35:
1749:
1326:
1837:
1791:
1653:
1586:
988:
826:
794:
731:
712:
566:
532:
380:
352:
185:
141:
1591:
1521:
The Library of Apollodorus; with an English translation by Sir James George Frazer. v.2
1314:
840:
578:
424:
408:
337:
270:
250:
232:
196:
153:
1811:
983:
964:
906:
734:(1506–1582) called Jephthah's daughter "Iphis", obviously alluding to Iphigenia, and
586:
332:
1773:
557:
546:, which forbade human sacrifice; and that there are several other examples of rash
1157:
1665:
650:
606:
599:
420:
542:
Some writers have observed that the Israelites of the time widely disrespected
1394:
1290:
1228:
822:
610:
543:
475:
169:
67:
1604:
Levi-Naḥum, Yehuda (1986). "The graves of the fathers and of the righteous".
1134:
1613:
1209:
Pieter Van der Horst (1989), "Portraits of Biblical Women in Pseudo-Philo's
886:
723:
719:
693:
416:
412:
1723:
The Old Jephthah Tale in Judges: Geographical and Historical Considerations
1428:
847:
1738:
1644:
948:
by Matan Ben-Cnaan was inspired by the story of Jephthah and his daughter.
637:
However, in the Hebrew Bible, the same word for 'burnt offering' (Hebrew,
180:
to sacrifice whatever would come out of the door of his house first. When
1429:"Did Jephthah really sacrifice his daughter? An analysis of Judges 11:31"
1150:"Why the Deuteronomist Told about the Sacrifice of Jephthah's Daughter",
739:
1445:
1629:"Killing the daughter: Judges' Jephthah and The Jew of Malta's Barabas"
1053:
790:
718:
The story of Jephthah's daughter is also sometimes compared to that of
595:
571:
536:
470:
295:
290:
280:
31:
17:
1608:(in Hebrew). Ḥolon, Israel: Mifʻal ḥaśifat ginze Teman. p. 253.
933:
757:
735:
527:
Jephthah's sacrifice of his daughter stands in stark contrast to the
367:
342:
300:
260:
165:
1666:"Jephtha (Hewitt, John Hill) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download"
1045:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
451:
1799:
1066:
669:
591:
582:
512:
484:
462:
The victorious Jephthah is met on his return by his only child, a
327:
241:
173:
161:
100:
768:
The story of Jephthah has influenced a number of literary works.
1784:
1032:
Hauser, Alan J. (1975). "The "Minor Judges" – A Re-evaluation".
317:
285:
90:
1574:
The Renaissance Bible: Scholarship, Sacrifice, and Subjectivity
756:
According to an early Jewish tradition, Jephthah was buried in
547:
431:
189:
177:
129:
1183:
Philip Alexander (1988), "Retelling the Old Testament", in
132:
123:
550:, some with similarly terrible consequences (for instance
120:
912:
The story of Jephthah and his daughter is the subject of
1704:
227:
indicate individuals not explicitly described as judges
829:, because of how dangerous they are. See for example
176:
and, in exchange for defeating the Ammonites, made a
126:
1381:
Staves, Susan (2008). "Jephtha's Vow Reconsidered".
1365:"Did Jephthah Kill his Daughter?", Solomon Landers,
1168:Solomon Landers "Did Jephthah Kill his Daughter?",
117:
96:
86:
51:
1251:, Book I, chapter 50: p. 141 in Schaff's edition.
483:. "At that time 42,000 of the Ephraimites fell" (
748:, based on Buchanan's play, uses the same name.
469:Later, Jephthah was forced to fight against the
630:
1480:The Builder: A Journal for the Masonic Student
831:Milk Wagon Drivers v. Meadowmoor Dairies, Inc.
42:. For the community in the United States, see
1524:. Harvard University Press. pp. 394–395.
388:
8:
1468:. Studylight.org. Accessed 17 February 2021.
1452:, Vol. 56, Fasc. 1 (Jan., 2006), pp. 125–37.
1726:, vol. 97, Biblical Studies on the Web
1553:"Pseudo-Plutarch, De fluviis, IX. MAEANDER"
1505:
1493:
1760:
1266:"Jephthah's Daughter: Midrash and Aggadah"
1153:Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
395:
381:
206:
66:
48:
1833:Human sacrifice in folklore and mythology
1259:
1257:
1185:It Is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture
1446:"ʿōlāh: The Rhetoric of Burnt Offerings"
970:Wormwood: Curious Stories from the Bible
905:, a one-act opera by based on the story
195:Traditionally, Jephthah ranks among the
1215:Journal for the Study of Pseudepigrapha
1187:, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge.
1005:
973:) is inspired by the story of Jephthah.
728:Jephthas sive votum – Jeptha or the Vow
351:
269:
249:
231:
209:
1691:"BP Portrait Award 2015 - First Prize"
407:The story of Jephthah is found in the
1408:Great Cloud of Witnesses in Hebrew 11
730:, the Scottish scholar and dramatist
38:. For the oratorio by Carissimi, see
7:
1606:Sefer ṣohar le-ḥasifat ginzei teiman
164:). According to Judges, he lived in
821:, A political and theological book
490:Jephthah is referenced once in the
145:
1348:(Westminster John Knox Press 2012
702:Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil
633:sacrifices were unknown in Israel.
442:'s, and I will offer it up for a
34:. For the oratorio by Handel, see
25:
1198:Pseudo-Philo: Rewriting the Bible
813:in Dutch of the play by Buchanan.
1737:
760:, a town in present-day Jordan.
192:. Jephthah carried out his vow.
113:
1342:Carol Ann Newsom et al. (eds),
75:Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum
1818:12th-century BCE Hebrew people
1040:(2). Alan J. Hauser: 190–200.
1034:Journal of Biblical Literature
963:The song "Burn, Baby Burn" by
1:
1211:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
1015:"Daughter of Jephthah: Bible"
920:(1957), English translation,
853:Michel Pignolet de Montéclair
562:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
156:as a judge who presided over
1720:Finkelstein, Israel (2016),
1383:Huntington Library Quarterly
59:
1693:. National Portrait Gallery
1538:Vergilii carmina comentarii
1368:Biblical Archaeology Review
1270:Jewish Women's Encyclopedia
1248:On the Duties of the Clergy
1171:Biblical Archaeology Review
818:Two Treatises of Government
617:Ethelbert William Bullinger
522:Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini
160:for a period of six years (
1859:
1229:"Homily 14 on the Statues"
1114:, English Standard Version
1102:, English Standard Version
1090:, English Standard Version
1069:, English Standard Version
506:
211:Judges in the Hebrew Bible
29:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1763:
1705:National Portrait Gallery
1395:10.1525/hlq.2008.71.4.651
1196:Frederick Murphy (1993),
926:Jephthah and His Daughter
660:Order of the Eastern Star
423:and into the hand of the
215:
65:
58:
1627:Hanusa, Ruth L. (1999).
1345:Women's Bible Commentary
1013:Bohmbach, Karla (2009).
833:312 U.S. 287,293 (1941).
675:The Daughter of Jephthah
456:English Standard Version
940:The 2015 winner of the
922:Jephta and His Daughter
918:Jefta und seine Tochter
662:refers to her as Adah.
27:Judge of ancient Israel
1571:Debora Kuller Shuger,
1518:Frazer, James (1921).
1466:Adam Clarke Commentary
1139:Catholic Encyclopaedia
1019:Jewish Women's Archive
875:George Frideric Handel
802:Jeptha of Offerbelofte
707:A similar story about
698:Servius the Grammarian
682:
635:
524:
492:Epistle to the Hebrews
460:
1843:Filicide in mythology
1823:Book of Judges people
1291:"Vayikra Rabbah 37:4"
1156:, Sage Publications,
916:'s historical novel,
673:
518:The Return of Jephtha
516:
503:Sacrifice of daughter
436:
1746:at Wikimedia Commons
1535:Honoratus, Servius.
807:Joost van den Vondel
786:Jephthes, sive Votum
353:First Book of Samuel
1828:Hebrew Bible judges
1755:Jewish Encyclopedia
1645:10.1093/nq/46-2-199
1541:(in Latin). 11.264.
1331:Jewish Encyclopedia
1200:, New York: Oxford.
509:Jephthah's daughter
1652:2021-08-24 at the
1217:, 5, 29–46, at 42.
967:(from their album
957:Gail Carson Levine
774:Historia di Jephta
764:Cultural influence
686:Israel Finkelstein
683:
525:
172:in battle against
40:Jephte (Carissimi)
1806:
1805:
1797:Succeeded by
1770:Tribe of Manasseh
1742:Media related to
1633:Notes and Queries
1450:Vetus Testamentum
1327:"Jephthah (יפתח)"
946:Annabelle and Guy
942:BP Portrait Award
914:Lion Feuchtwanger
873:, an oratorio by
861:, an oratorio by
779:Giacomo Carissimi
777:, an oratorio by
679:Alexandre Cabanel
405:
404:
152:) appears in the
106:
105:
80:Guillaume Rouillé
16:(Redirected from
1850:
1782:Preceded by
1761:
1741:
1727:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1601:
1595:
1584:
1578:
1577:, 1998, page 136
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1509:
1506:Finkelstein 2016
1503:
1497:
1494:Finkelstein 2016
1491:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1459:
1453:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1425:
1419:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1378:
1372:
1363:
1357:
1354:978-0-66423707-3
1340:
1334:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1224:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1166:
1160:
1148:
1142:
1132:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1010:
994:Binding of Isaac
928:, published 1958
924:, also known as
696:, as related by
666:Possible origins
611:Levi Ben Gershon
609:(1160–1235) and
585:also quotes the
579:B'reishit Rabbah
529:Binding of Isaac
441:
397:
390:
383:
219:
217:
207:
188:his daughter to
147:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
70:
49:
44:Jeptha, Kentucky
36:Jephtha (Handel)
21:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1792:Judge of Israel
1787:
1777:
1766:
1734:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1654:Wayback Machine
1626:
1625:
1621:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1587:George Buchanan
1585:
1581:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1460:
1456:
1444:
1440:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1406:
1402:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1364:
1360:
1341:
1337:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1295:www.sefaria.org
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1264:Kadari, Tamar.
1263:
1262:
1255:
1244:
1240:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1178:
1167:
1163:
1149:
1145:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1046:10.2307/3265729
1031:
1030:
1026:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1002:
989:Biblical judges
980:
951:The 2008 novel
895:an oratorio by
882:Jephtas Gelübde
839:, a tragedy by
827:prior restraint
795:George Buchanan
766:
754:
732:George Buchanan
713:Pseudo-Plutarch
668:
567:John Chrysostom
552:2 Samuel 21:6–9
533:Book of Genesis
511:
505:
500:
439:
401:
372:
347:
214:
213:
205:
116:
112:
82:
61:
54:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1747:
1733:
1732:External links
1730:
1729:
1728:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1682:
1657:
1639:(2): 199–200.
1619:
1596:
1579:
1564:
1544:
1527:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1470:
1454:
1438:
1420:
1400:
1373:
1371:, August 1991.
1358:
1335:
1319:
1315:Genesis rabbah
1307:
1282:
1253:
1238:
1233:Church fathers
1219:
1202:
1189:
1176:
1174:, August 1991.
1161:
1143:
1127:
1116:
1104:
1092:
1080:
1071:
1059:
1024:
1004:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
991:
986:
979:
976:
975:
974:
961:
949:
938:
929:
910:
900:
897:John H. Hewitt
890:
885:, an opera by
878:
866:
863:Maurice Greene
856:
851:, an opera by
844:
841:Charles Piroye
834:
814:
798:
782:
765:
762:
753:
750:
726:. In his play
667:
664:
602:and his sons.
598:, essentially
504:
501:
499:
496:
459:
458:
444:burnt offering
409:Book of Judges
403:
402:
400:
399:
392:
385:
377:
374:
373:
371:
370:
365:
359:
356:
355:
349:
348:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
277:
274:
273:
271:Book of Judges
267:
266:
265:
264:
254:
253:
251:Book of Joshua
247:
246:
245:
244:
236:
235:
233:Book of Exodus
229:
228:
221:
220:
204:
201:
154:Book of Judges
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
72:Portrait from
71:
63:
62:
56:
55:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1855:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:Sacred Dramas
1588:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1496:, p. 15.
1495:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1416:0-8254-2247-7
1413:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1389:(4): 651–69.
1388:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1235:. New advent.
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1141:, New advent.
1140:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:Judges 10:6–7
1063:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1006:
999:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Abel-cheramim
982:
981:
977:
972:
971:
966:
965:The Residents
962:
958:
954:
950:
947:
943:
939:
936:
935:
930:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
908:
907:Colin McAlpin
904:
901:
898:
894:
891:
888:
884:
883:
879:
876:
872:
871:
867:
864:
860:
857:
854:
850:
849:
845:
842:
838:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:
815:
812:
808:
804:
803:
799:
796:
792:
788:
787:
783:
780:
776:
775:
771:
770:
769:
763:
761:
759:
751:
749:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
690:
687:
680:
676:
672:
665:
663:
661:
656:
654:
653:'s Commentary
652:
647:
644:
640:
634:
629:
627:
622:
618:
614:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
588:
587:Midrash Rabba
584:
580:
575:
573:
568:
563:
559:
555:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
523:
519:
515:
510:
502:
497:
495:
493:
488:
486:
485:Judges 12:5–6
482:
478:
477:
472:
467:
465:
457:
453:
449:
448:
447:
445:
435:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
398:
393:
391:
386:
384:
379:
378:
376:
375:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
358:
357:
354:
350:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
308:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
276:
275:
272:
268:
263:
262:
258:
257:
256:
255:
252:
248:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
234:
230:
226:
223:
222:
212:
208:
202:
200:
198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
137:
110:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:
69:
64:
57:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1790:
1774:Tribe of Gad
1768:
1753:
1722:
1714:Bibliography
1695:. Retrieved
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1669:
1660:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1605:
1599:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1547:
1537:
1530:
1520:
1513:
1508:, p. 7.
1501:
1489:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1407:
1403:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1366:
1361:
1343:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:
1247:
1241:
1232:
1227:Chrysostom.
1222:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1197:
1192:
1184:
1179:
1169:
1164:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1124:Judges 11:40
1119:
1112:Judges 11:39
1107:
1100:Judges 11:37
1095:
1088:Judges 11:35
1083:
1074:
1062:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1018:
1008:
968:
952:
945:
932:
925:
921:
917:
902:
892:
880:
868:
858:
846:
836:
830:
816:
805:, a play by
800:
784:
772:
767:
755:
743:
727:
722:'s daughter
717:
711:is given by
706:
701:
691:
684:
674:
657:
649:
648:
642:
638:
636:
631:
625:
620:
615:
604:
576:
561:
558:Pseudo-Philo
556:
541:
526:
517:
489:
480:
474:
468:
461:
455:
452:Judges 11:31
437:
429:
406:
322:
305:
259:
224:
197:major judges
194:
182:his daughter
149:
111:(pronounced
108:
107:
73:
1078:Judges 11:3
651:Adam Clarke
607:David Kimhi
535:, in which
471:Ephraimites
421:Philistines
413:chapters 11
162:Judges 12:7
87:Predecessor
1812:Categories
1558:2023-08-19
1356:), p. 136.
1000:References
823:John Locke
809:(1659), a
544:Mosaic law
507:See also:
498:Commentary
476:shibboleth
170:Israelites
78:(1553) by
1765:Jephthah
1670:imslp.org
1462:Judges 11
1245:Ambrose,
887:Meyerbeer
811:reworking
724:Iphigenia
720:Agamemnon
694:Idomeneus
481:sibboleth
425:Ammonites
307:Abimelech
186:sacrifice
97:Successor
1750:Jephthah
1744:Jephthah
1650:Archived
1614:15417732
1135:"Jephte"
978:See also
960:illness.
740:oratorio
738:'s 1751
464:daughter
323:Jephthah
146:יִפְתָּח
109:Jephthah
53:Jephthah
1697:18 June
1675:Sep 19,
1483:. 1922.
1410:(1911)
1300:Sep 19,
1275:20 July
1054:3265729
909:(1915).
903:The Vow
899:(1846).
893:Jephtha
889:(1812).
877:(1751).
870:Jephtha
865:(1737).
859:Jephtha
855:(1732).
843:(1703).
797:(1554).
791:tragedy
745:Jephtha
709:Meander
700:in his
681:(1879).
596:Ithamar
572:Ambrose
537:Abraham
531:in the
494:11:32.
296:Deborah
291:Shamgar
281:Othniel
225:Italics
218:
32:Japheth
18:Jephtha
1838:Gilead
1612:
1414:
1352:
1317:, 60,3
1052:
934:Hamlet
848:Jephté
837:Jephté
758:Ajloun
752:Burial
736:Handel
427:...".
368:Samuel
343:Samson
301:Gideon
261:Joshua
216:שופטים
166:Gilead
158:Israel
150:Yīftāḥ
142:Hebrew
1800:Ibzan
1050:JSTOR
677:, by
643:ʿōlāh
639:ʿōlāh
583:Rashi
520:, by
338:Abdon
328:Ibzan
242:Moses
203:Story
174:Ammon
101:Ibzan
1785:Jair
1699:2015
1677:2020
1610:OCLC
1412:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1302:2020
1277:2018
1158:p. 7
953:Ever
789:, a
658:The
548:vows
333:Elon
318:Jair
313:Tola
286:Ehud
91:Jair
60:יפתח
1772:or
1752:in
1641:doi
1433:JBA
1391:doi
1213:",
1042:doi
955:by
931:In
793:by
621:and
600:Eli
592:vow
560:'s
487:).
479:as
440:ORD
432:Tob
363:Eli
190:God
178:vow
1814::
1703:,
1668:.
1637:46
1635:.
1631:.
1589:,
1464:.
1448:,
1431:.
1387:71
1385:.
1329:,
1293:.
1268:.
1256:^
1231:.
1137:,
1048:.
1038:94
1036:.
1017:.
944:,
742:,
715:.
626:or
454:,
446:.
417:12
411:,
148:,
144::
140:;
121:dʒ
1701:.
1679:.
1647:.
1643::
1616:.
1561:.
1435:.
1418:.
1397:.
1393::
1333:.
1304:.
1279:.
1056:.
1044::
1021:.
781:.
450:—
415:–
396:e
389:t
382:v
136:/
133:ə
130:θ
127:f
124:ɛ
118:ˈ
115:/
46:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
