3275:
4263:
234:
2807:). (Beginning grammars for foreigners sometimes inaccurately call the first two "past and present tenses".) There is also an imperative and a continuing or progressive construction. Lack of a modal marker indicates either the affirmative completive aspect (if there is a subject and no object) or the singular affirmative imperative (if there is no subject). There is a special modal marker,
1012:
is generally unimportant in Zarma. According to Abdou Hamani (1980), two-syllable words are stressed on their first syllable unless that syllable is just a short vowel: a-, i- or u-. Three-syllable words have stress on their second syllable. The first consonant of a stressed syllable is pronounced a
2696:
on the noun phrase. The singular definite enclitic is -ǒ or -ǎ. Some authors always write the ending with a rising tone mark even if it is not ambiguous and even if it is not truly a rising tone. The other endings are in the table below. The definite and the demonstrative endings replace any final
2661:فَيَنْكَ كُلُ نࣷ سِ اَدَمَيْزٜيْ نْدَ ݘَرٜ غَمٜ رَ اِ بُرݘِنْتَرَ نْدَ اِ اَلحَقٜيْ ݘٜدِرَوْ كَيَنْدِیَݞْ فࣷنْدࣷ رَ دَ اِ نَ اِ حَيْ. اِ غࣷنْدَ لَكَّلْ، نْدَ لَاسَابُ، كَݞْ غَ نَݞْ اِ مَ بَافُنَيْ ٽَيْزٜتَرَيْ حَالِ رَ.
3064:. The object is normally placed before the verb but may be placed after the verb for emphasis, and a few common verbs require the object after them. Unlike English, which places prepositions before a noun, Zarma has
1076:
Latin alphabet came to be used for Zarma and other indigenous languages of the region in the beginning of the 19th century with the arrival of
European Christian Missionaries and colonial administrators.
3001:, which is similar in meaning to the past participle in English. It can also be added to quantities to form ordinal numbers and to some nouns to form adjectives. A sort of gerund can be formed by adding
2651:
Fayanka kulu no si adamayzey nda care game ra i burcintara nda i alhakey ce-diraw kayandiyaŋ fondo ra da i na i hay. I gonda lakkal, nda laasaabu, kaŋ ga naŋ i ma baafunay ɲayzetaray haali ra.
2958:) is not a verb (White-Kaba, 1994, calls it a "verboid") and has no aspect; it means "exist" and usually links a noun phrase to a descriptive term, such as a place, a price or a participle:
2692:
Nouns may be singular or plural. There are also three "forms" that indicate whether the noun is indefinite, definite or demonstrative. "Form" and number are indicated conjointly by an
2697:
vowel. See Hamani (1980) for a discussion on when to add -ǒ or -ǎ as well as other irregularities. See Tersis (1981) for a discussion of the complex changes in tone that may occur.
3443:
446:
The majority of people who speak Zarma live in
Southwestern Niger. It is also spoken in other parts of Niger and in neighbouring countries. Cities where Zarma is spoken include
1002:
Zarma is a tonal language with four tones: high, low, fall and rise. In Dosso, some linguists (such as Tersis) have observed a dipping (falling-rising) tone for certain words:
1013:
bit more strongly, and the vowel in the preceding syllable is weakened. Only emphasized words have a stressed syllable. There is no change of tone for a stressed syllable.
2966:
means "it is", "they are", etc. and is one of the most common words in Zarma. It has no aspect or negative form and is placed after a noun phrase, sometimes for emphasis:
2764:
means "Give me some oranges." Usually, the singular forms are used if the plurality is indicated by a number or other contextual clue, especially for the indefinite form:
2643:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
3326:
3470:
3664:
2815:, according to the dialect, to indicate the completive aspect with emphasis on the subject. Different markers are used to indicate a negative sentence.
1462:
928:
3785:
1049:
have been written in Arabic alphabet for centuries. The tradition of writing in Arabic dates back to the arrival of Islam via merchants of the
2783:
can mean "he", "she", "it", "her", "him", "his", "hers", "its", "one" or "one's", according to the context and its position in the sentence.
2631:
3433:
2275:
1375:
891:
3304:. Département de linguistique et des langues nationales, Institut de Recherches en Sciences Humaines, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey
990:
All consonants may be short, and all consonants except /c/, /h/, /f/ and /z/ may be long. (In some dialects, long /f/ exists in the word
2165:
1236:
898:
1556:("to be better": rising tone). However, the meaning is almost always unambiguous in the context so the words are usually all written
3463:
1925:
1755:
1155:
424:, which is spoken in south-central Niger. With over 6 million speakers, Zarma is easily the most widely spoken Songhay language.
3325:
Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of
African Studies.
3657:
3095:("your father"). All other modifiers of a noun (adjectives, articles, numbers, demonstratives etc.) are placed after the noun:
2095:
1427:
1182:
1173:
837:
356:
3415:
3061:
1945:
1905:
1705:
1348:
1321:
844:
438:
Alternative names for Zarma are Djerma, Jerma, Dyabarma, Dyarma, Dyerma, Adzerma, Zabarma, Zarbarma, Zarmaci or Zerma.
4287:
3778:
3456:
2245:
1775:
1209:
1200:
855:
3079:
When two nouns are placed together, the first noun modifies the second, showing possession, purpose or description:
4292:
3828:
3714:
3681:
3650:
2795:
for verbs that are indicated by a modal word before the verb and any object nouns. The aspects are the completive (
2315:
1985:
1685:
1665:
1451:
1384:
1357:
1330:
1137:
905:
760:
753:
132:
3005:, which transforms the verb into a noun. There are many other suffixes that can make nouns out of verbs, but only
3913:
2015:
1885:
1835:
1795:
1469:
1393:
871:
767:
4020:
3968:
3870:
1525:
1366:
568:
366:
3886:
3881:
3024:
implies that the second verb is a result of the first or that the first is the reason or cause of the second:
3020:, not to be confused with the incompletive aspect marker or the emphasized completive marker.) The connector
3855:
2145:
2115:
1965:
1815:
1645:
1227:
1164:
1146:
799:
792:
774:
4266:
4187:
4108:
4077:
3963:
3850:
3771:
3727:
3274:
1725:
1503:
1436:
1218:
984:
980:
976:
972:
806:
660:
656:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
312:
121:
4192:
4000:
3737:
2205:
2185:
1855:
1497:
1339:
1294:
1245:
953:
716:
709:
262:
4222:
4217:
3908:
3823:
3575:
2333:
2313:
2293:
2273:
2243:
2225:
2223:
2203:
2183:
2163:
2143:
2113:
2093:
2073:
2055:
2053:
2033:
2013:
1983:
1963:
1943:
1923:
1903:
1883:
1853:
1833:
1813:
1793:
1773:
1753:
1723:
1703:
1683:
1663:
1643:
1623:
1615:
1523:
1495:
1479:
1460:
1449:
1434:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1292:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1009:
816:
723:
596:
554:
Outside Niger, Nigeria and Mali, communities of speakers are found in the following other countries:
4233:
3747:
1066:
1050:
303:
3844:
3479:
2792:
2075:
1617:
1537:
1312:
730:
3298:
4183:
4132:
4113:
3984:
3953:
3938:
3699:
3673:
3631:
3539:
1034:
785:
696:
686:
535:
401:
336:
253:
239:
156:
127:
4243:
4213:
4163:
4147:
4127:
4122:
4103:
4067:
4062:
4025:
4015:
3989:
3973:
3958:
3943:
3860:
3833:
3704:
3626:
3611:
3595:
3554:
3544:
3299:"Arrêté n°0215/MEN/SP-CNRE du 19 octobre 1999 fixant l'orthographe de la langue soŋay-zarma"
681:
676:
655:
is phonemically distinctive. There are a number of combinations of a vowel with a semivowel
583:
280:
3341:
3028:, "come (in order to) eat." A large number of idiomatic expressions are expressed with it:
1502:. Long vowels are sometimes but inconsistently written with double letter. In older works,
4237:
4208:
4197:
4142:
4052:
4046:
4030:
4005:
3948:
3903:
3839:
3808:
3742:
3694:
3621:
3616:
3534:
3514:
3493:
1026:
945:
703:
691:
321:
174:
113:
1540:
is not written unless the word is ambiguous. Then, the standard IPA diacritics are used:
4173:
4153:
4137:
4118:
4087:
4082:
4041:
3994:
3979:
3732:
3722:
3590:
3580:
3549:
3529:
3524:
3239:"If one bird sings, and another doesn't sing, they won't know which voice is sweetest."
1587:. Otherwise, the two orthographies are the same, especially in how vowels are written.
1046:
1022:
920:
509:
505:
490:
421:
345:
289:
187:
167:
2938:
There are several words in Zarma to translate the
English "to be". The defective verb
223:
4281:
4228:
4178:
4168:
4072:
3818:
3794:
3585:
3519:
3065:
1042:
746:
4010:
3865:
2335:
2295:
2035:
1625:
1062:
1058:
1030:
652:
572:
564:
524:
474:
451:
432:
405:
391:
178:
94:
70:
3091:(the door of a house). The same construction occurs with a pronoun before a noun:
1423:
may be used in a few words of foreign origin, but many Zarma cannot pronounce it.
1065:
has its own unique characteristics across various languages that differ from the
4158:
3933:
1070:
885:
648:
592:
587:
498:
413:
233:
84:
979:
usually have some palatal quality to them and may even be interchangeable with
3923:
3918:
3689:
3267:
520:
494:
271:
17:
3411:
Cawyan Zarma sanni, an instructional course in Zarma, in
English, in progress
3360:
2680:
There are many suffixes in Zarma. There are very few prefixes, and only one (
431:, using French orthography, but it is usually now 'Zarma', the form that the
420:, is located. Zarma is the second-most common language in the country, after
4035:
3928:
3813:
3438:
3287:
This map is based on classification from
Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
826:
447:
216:
200:
3262:
2791:
Verbs do not have tenses and are not conjugated. There are at least three
207:
2986:
are much rarer and usually express ideas, such as the subjunctive, which
2935:. Some say that it is high before a low tone and low before a high tone.
2779:
There is no gender or case in Zarma so the third-person singular pronoun
606:
374:
362:
1568:
Table below illustrates the Arabic (Ajami) alphabet for Zarma, based on
651:
counterparts. There is slight variation, both allophonic and dialectal.
404:. It is the leading indigenous language of the southwestern lobe of the
3875:
3398:
Economie d’un système: unités et relations syntaxiques en zarma (Niger)
740:
470:
370:
183:
74:
1085:
Table below illustrates the letters used in the Zarma Latin alphabet:
1053:, as early as the 12th century. The tradition of Arabic script in the
4248:
3509:
3448:
3233:
3229:
3192:
3147:
2760:
The indefinite plural -yáŋ ending is often used like
English "some".
2693:
1573:
1569:
463:
459:
455:
417:
3642:
3763:
3188:
3162:
3158:
2942:
is used to equate two noun phrases, with the emphasized completive
1572:
report on standardization of Arabic script in published in 1987 in
1580:
1054:
1038:
611:
578:
559:
486:
409:
62:
3423:
4057:
1584:
600:
516:
66:
3767:
3646:
3452:
1426:
Most of the letters are pronounced with the same values as the
3343:
Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for
African languages
3384:
La structure grammaticale du zarma: Essai de systématisation
3243:
That means that "you need to hear both sides of the story".
395:
3211:
1415:), but many current works write the tilde over the vowel (
373:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1420:
3428:
3410:
2970:("It's to your house I'm going"). Other words, such as
3379:. Paris: Agence de coopération culturelle et technique
1403:
Nasal vowels are written with a tilde or a following
1589:
4096:
3896:
3801:
3713:
3680:
3604:
3568:
3502:
3486:
3386:. 2 volumes. Université de Paris VII. Dissertation.
1411:. Officially, the tilde should go under the vowel (
214:
198:
193:
164:
150:
110:
100:
90:
80:
58:
32:
3225:da curo fo hẽ, a-fo mana hẽ, i si jinde kaan-a bay
3391:De l’oralité à l’écriture: le zarma s’écrit aussi
3377:Dictionnaire zarma-français (République du Niger)
3107:Da curo fo hẽ, afo mana hẽ, i si jinde kaana bay.
1490:Long consonants are written with double letters;
1477:but more palatalized. The palatal nasal ⟨
538:are spoken, Zarma is also simply referred to as
3099:("My father's gold lion heads", Tersis, 1981).
2757:means "this morning" (demonstrative singular).
485:, they are located in bordering States such as
3779:
3658:
3464:
3375:Bernard, Yves & White-Kaba, Mary. (1994)
2753:means "the morning" (definite singular); and
8:
3297:Hamidou, Seydou Hanafiou (19 October 1999).
627:There are ten vowels: the five oral vowels (
1057:and Sub-Saharan Africa came to be known as
47:
3786:
3772:
3764:
3665:
3651:
3643:
3471:
3457:
3449:
3361:https://www.omniglot.com/writing/zarma.htm
2997:Participles can be formed with the suffix
2684:before adjectives and numbers) is common.
670:
232:
29:
3335:
3333:
3321:
3319:
2630:Below is a sample text, Article 1 of the
1579:Arabic alphabet for Songhay languages in
1073:tradition of Southeast Asia for example.
663:, the semivowel being initial or final.
2962:("She's in the house"). The predicative
2817:
2699:
2636:
2479:
2344:
1552:("to want" or "even": falling tone) and
1087:
1037:, and other indigenous languages of the
3252:
3012:Two verbs can be related with the word
2950:("My name is Yakuba"). The existential
2931:Linguists do not agree on the tone for
2749:means "morning" (indefinite singular);
1473:⟩ is approximately like English
504:The name Zabarmawa is derived from the
427:In earlier decades, Zarma was rendered
367:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1522:are pronounced as a labiodental nasal
519:, where they are located in bordering
396:
27:Songhay language of southwestern Niger
3424:Peace Corps – Niger: Zarma Dictionary
3258:
3256:
2632:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2481:Vowel at the middle or end of a word
1583:differs in 5 characters from that of
1428:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
1089:Zarma Songhay Latin Alphabet (Niger)
1021:Zarma is primarily written in either
149:
7:
3052:means "to purposely ..." and so on.
3048:means "it's been awhile since ...",
3068:, which are placed after the noun:
2776:("in both of these catastrophes").
2768:("There are a lot of mosquitoes");
508:word for the Zarma people and the
25:
2346:Vowel at the beginning of a word
1478:
1468:
952:
927:
904:
897:
890:
870:
854:
843:
836:
815:
805:
798:
791:
773:
766:
759:
752:
729:
722:
715:
708:
4262:
4261:
3273:
3444:Zarma language lessons, and MP3
3416:Songhai / Zarma Language Page,
2101:
2021:
2001:
1971:
1951:
1931:
1821:
1781:
1761:
1691:
1591:Zarma Arabic alphabet (Niger)
987:in the speech of many people.
527:, the name is usually spelled
1:
3418:Handbook of African languages
3340:Kew, Jonathan (2 June 2003).
3232:-one NEG.COMPL cry, they NEG.
3060:Zarma's normal word order is
3040:means "to have already ...",
1467:(a flap). The letter ⟨
3102:Here is a proverb in Zarma:
1544:("to be a lot": high tone),
534:In countries where no other
416:flows and the capital city,
3044:means "to be about to ...,
477:are usually referred to as
397:زَرْمَ ݘِينٜ / زَرْمَ سَنِّ
50:زَرْمَ ݘِينٜ / زَرْمَ سَنِّ
4309:
3429:Zarma language and culture
3016:. (In many dialects it is
1033:). Zarma as well as other
48:
4257:
3097:Ay baaba wura muusu boŋey
3076:(in front of the house).
3036:means "to begin to ...",
2904:
2893:
2882:
2871:
2852:
2833:
2823:
2660:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2573:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2502:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2367:
2323:
2303:
2283:
2263:
2233:
2213:
2193:
2173:
2153:
2133:
2103:
2083:
2063:
2043:
2023:
2003:
1973:
1953:
1933:
1913:
1893:
1873:
1843:
1823:
1803:
1783:
1763:
1743:
1713:
1693:
1673:
1653:
1633:
1605:
944:
919:
884:
825:
739:
702:
673:
353:
231:
49:
42:
37:
1548:("to share": low tone),
577:Urban Areas in Northern
44:Zarma ciine, zarma sanni
3396:Tersis, Nicole. (1981)
2803:) and the subjunctive (
2658:
2570:
2506:
2435:
2371:
1445:but more palatalized),
1441:(approximately English
1430:, the exceptions being
998:Lexical tone and stress
442:Geographic distribution
435:use in their language.
106:6.0 million (2021)
3389:Hamani, Abdou. (1982)
3382:Hamani, Abdou. (1980)
3009:works with all verbs.
2853:Emphasized completive
355:This article contains
2799:), the incompletive (
2774:hasaraw hinko kulu ra
2772:("my two children");
3974:Marwari (Rajasthani)
3439:Webster's Dictionary
2640:English Translation
1483:⟩ is spelled
329: Zarma language
3605:Immigrant languages
3236:voice good-DEF know
3062:subject–object–verb
2820:
2482:
2347:
1592:
1090:
1051:Trans-Saharan trade
497:and communities in
304:Tondi Songway Kiini
4288:Languages of Niger
3503:National languages
3480:Languages of Niger
3087:(drinking water),
2968:Ni do no ay ga koy
2948:Ay ma ka ti Yakuba
2818:
2805:afiri ŋwaaray nufa
2480:
2345:
1590:
1512:⟨ty⟩
1508:⟨ky⟩
1492:⟨rr⟩
1485:⟨ny⟩
1088:
958:⟨rr⟩
245:Northwest Songhay:
4293:Songhay languages
4275:
4274:
3761:
3760:
3674:Songhay languages
3640:
3639:
3487:Official language
3400:. Paris: SURUGUE.
3271:(26th ed., 2023)
3228:if bird one cry,
2929:
2928:
2743:
2742:
2668:
2667:
2623:
2622:
2478:
2477:
2343:
2342:
2331:
2311:
2291:
2271:
2258:
2241:
2221:
2201:
2181:
2161:
2141:
2128:
2111:
2091:
2071:
2051:
2031:
2011:
1998:
1981:
1961:
1941:
1921:
1901:
1881:
1868:
1851:
1831:
1811:
1791:
1771:
1751:
1738:
1721:
1701:
1681:
1661:
1641:
1613:
1600:
1532:⟨f⟩
1520:⟨m⟩
1516:⟨n⟩
1458:⟨r⟩
1447:⟨y⟩
1432:⟨j⟩
1409:⟨ŋ⟩
1405:⟨n⟩
1401:
1400:
1035:Songhay languages
971:The combinations
969:
968:
933:⟨r⟩
910:⟨y⟩
811:⟨j⟩
536:Songhai languages
402:Songhay languages
388:Zarma Ciine/Sanni
381:
380:
363:rendering support
359:phonetic symbols.
337:Songhoyboro Ciine
240:Songhay languages
157:Songhoyboro Ciine
16:(Redirected from
4300:
4265:
4264:
3795:Arabic alphabets
3788:
3781:
3774:
3765:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3644:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3450:
3434:Zarma Dictionary
3393:. Niamey: INDRAP
3363:
3359:Omniglot, Zarma
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3337:
3328:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3260:
3235:
3231:
3213:
3194:
3190:
3164:
3160:
3149:
3072:(in the house),
2821:
2700:
2664:
2662:
2656:Arabic Alphabet
2637:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2348:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1593:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1487:in older works.
1486:
1482:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1433:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1091:
986:
982:
978:
974:
959:
956:
934:
931:
911:
908:
901:
894:
874:
865:
858:
847:
840:
833:
819:
812:
809:
802:
795:
788:
777:
770:
763:
756:
749:
733:
726:
719:
712:
671:
662:
658:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
584:Savanes District
400:) is one of the
399:
398:
343:
334:
328:
319:
310:
301:
295:Eastern Songhay:
287:
278:
269:
260:
251:
236:
226:
210:
203:
170:
116:
54:
53:
51:
30:
21:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4253:
4198:Koyraboro Senni
4092:
3969:Ottoman Turkish
3892:
3871:Ottoman Turkish
3797:
3792:
3762:
3757:
3743:Koyraboro Senni
3709:
3676:
3671:
3641:
3636:
3600:
3569:Other languages
3564:
3498:
3482:
3477:
3407:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3223:
3215:
3204:
3196:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3152:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3083:(Fati's book),
3058:
2994:cannot handle.
2789:
2690:
2678:
2673:
2659:
2648:Latin Alphabet
2628:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2572:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1566:
1564:Arabic alphabet
1531:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1491:
1484:
1457:
1446:
1431:
1408:
1404:
1083:
1027:Arabic alphabet
1019:
1000:
957:
932:
909:
863:
831:
810:
784:
745:
669:
625:
620:
552:
444:
361:Without proper
349:
348:
341:
339:
332:
330:
326:
324:
322:Koyraboro Senni
317:
315:
308:
306:
299:
292:
285:
283:
276:
274:
267:
265:
258:
256:
249:
242:
222:
206:
199:
186:
182:
171:
166:
146:
117:
114:Language family
112:
103:
102:Native speakers
46:
38:Djerma, Zabarma
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4306:
4304:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3876:Serbo-Croatian
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3856:Dobrujan Tatar
3853:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3647:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3581:Chadian Arabic
3578:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3413:
3406:
3405:External links
3403:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3352:
3329:
3315:
3289:
3280:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3216:
3205:
3197:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3153:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3057:
3054:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2819:Modal Markers
2801:daahir gasu si
2788:
2785:
2770:ay zanka hinkǎ
2762:Ay no leemuyaŋ
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2711:Demonstrative
2709:
2706:
2703:
2689:
2686:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2591:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2341:
2340:
2320:
2300:
2280:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2230:
2210:
2190:
2170:
2150:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2100:
2080:
2060:
2040:
2020:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1970:
1950:
1930:
1910:
1890:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1840:
1820:
1800:
1780:
1760:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1710:
1690:
1670:
1650:
1630:
1602:
1565:
1562:
1399:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1082:
1081:Latin alphabet
1079:
1023:Latin alphabet
1018:
1015:
1006:("the name").
999:
996:
981:/ɟe/,/ɟi/,/ce/
973:/ɡe/,/ɡi/,/ke/
967:
966:
964:
962:
960:
950:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
935:
925:
923:
917:
916:
914:
912:
902:
895:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
875:
868:
866:
860:
859:
852:
850:
848:
841:
834:
829:
823:
822:
820:
813:
803:
796:
789:
781:
780:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
737:
736:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
665:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
609:
603:
597:Savanes Region
590:
581:
575:
562:
551:
548:
510:Songhai people
506:Hausa language
443:
440:
379:
378:
365:, you may see
351:
350:
340:
331:
325:
316:
307:
298:
284:
275:
266:
257:
248:
237:
229:
228:
220:
212:
211:
204:
196:
195:
194:Language codes
191:
190:
172:
168:Writing system
165:
162:
161:
160:
159:
152:
148:
147:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
120:
118:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
60:
59:Native to
56:
55:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
18:Jerma language
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4305:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4268:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:Swahili Ajami
4227:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:Crimean Tatar
3849:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3784:
3782:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Humburi Senni
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3663:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3300:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3140:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3066:postpositions
3063:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3030:sintin ga ...
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:Incompletive
2870:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2745:For example,
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2613:
2605:
2592:
2579:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2503:Short Vowels
2501:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2368:Short Vowels
2366:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2321:
2317:
2301:
2297:
2281:
2277:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2231:
2227:
2211:
2207:
2191:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2151:
2147:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2097:
2081:
2077:
2061:
2057:
2041:
2037:
2017:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1967:
1947:
1927:
1911:
1907:
1891:
1887:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1841:
1837:
1817:
1801:
1797:
1777:
1757:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1711:
1707:
1687:
1671:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1499:
1494:is a trilled
1488:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1464:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:tradition or
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1005:
997:
995:
993:
988:
965:
963:
961:
955:
951:
949:
947:
943:
940:
938:
936:
930:
926:
924:
922:
918:
915:
913:
907:
903:
900:
896:
893:
889:
887:
883:
880:
878:
876:
873:
869:
867:
862:
861:
857:
853:
851:
849:
846:
842:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
821:
818:
814:
808:
804:
801:
797:
794:
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
776:
772:
769:
765:
762:
758:
755:
751:
748:
744:
742:
738:
735:
732:
728:
725:
721:
718:
714:
711:
707:
705:
701:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
672:
666:
664:
654:
650:
622:
617:
613:
610:
608:
604:
602:
598:
594:
591:
589:
585:
582:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
563:
561:
557:
556:
555:
549:
547:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
441:
439:
436:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
393:
389:
385:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
358:
352:
347:
338:
323:
314:
313:Humburi Senni
305:
297:
296:
291:
282:
273:
264:
255:
247:
246:
241:
235:
230:
225:
221:
219:
218:
213:
209:
205:
202:
197:
192:
189:
185:
180:
176:
173:
169:
163:
158:
155:
154:
153:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
125:
123:
119:
115:
109:
105:
99:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4202:
4193:Koyra Chiini
3838:Circassian (
3752:
3738:Koyra Chiini
3559:
3417:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3370:Bibliography
3355:
3342:
3306:. Retrieved
3292:
3283:
3266:
3242:
3238:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3198:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3157:
3154:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:A go fuwo ra
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2894:Progressive
2883:Subjunctive
2864:
2857:
2845:
2838:
2826:Affirmative
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2766:Soboro ga ba
2765:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2629:
2595:◌ِيـ / ◌ِـيـ
2582:◌ٜيـ / ◌ٜـيـ
2550:Long Vowels
2415:Long Vowels
1578:
1570:UNESCO.BREDA
1567:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1506:was spelled
1489:
1474:
1442:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1084:
1075:
1067:Perso-Arabic
1020:
1008:
1003:
1001:
991:
989:
970:
653:Vowel length
647:) and their
626:
573:Burkina Faso
565:Sahel Region
553:
543:
539:
533:
528:
525:Kidal Region
514:
503:
482:
478:
475:Zarma people
473:, where the
468:
445:
437:
433:Zarma people
428:
426:
412:, where the
406:West African
387:
383:
382:
354:
294:
293:
263:Koyra Chiini
244:
243:
238:Location of
227: Zarma
215:
137:
122:Nilo-Saharan
71:Burkina Faso
43:
4223:Tawellemmet
4218:Air Tamajeq
4174:Serer Ajami
4159:Hausa Ajami
4143:Fuuta Tooro
4138:Fuuta Jalon
4088:Xiao'erjing
3909:Azerbaijani
3824:Azerbaijani
3748:Tondi Kiini
3576:Air Tamajeq
3085:haŋyaŋ hari
2905:Imperative
2834:Completive
2797:daahir gasu
2705:Indefinite
2626:Sample text
1017:Orthography
886:Approximant
593:Kara Region
588:Ivory Coast
550:Communities
499:Niger State
414:Niger River
369:instead of
85:West Africa
4282:Categories
4119:Fula Ajami
3924:Burushaski
3919:Buri Wolio
3829:Belarusian
3690:Tadaksahak
3268:Ethnologue
3247:References
3050:haw ga ...
3046:gay ga ...
3038:ban ga ...
2954:(negative
2671:Morphology
2616:◌ُو / ◌ُـو
2608:◌ࣷو / ◌ࣷـو
2600:◌ِي / ◌ِـي
2587:◌ٜي / ◌ٜـي
2574:◌َا / ◌َـا
2455:اِيـ / اِي
2447:اٜيـ / اٜي
667:Consonants
569:Est Region
521:Gao Region
495:Yobe State
408:nation of
272:Tadaksahak
4104:Afrikaans
4053:Sulat Sug
4047:Kohistani
4036:Shahmukhi
3964:Malayalam
3929:Cham Jawi
3887:Yaña imlâ
3882:İske imlâ
3845:Kabardian
3814:Aljamiado
3308:22 August
3081:Fati tirǎ
3074:fuwo jine
3042:ba ga ...
3034:sintin ka
3026:ka ga ŋwa
2908:Singular
2829:Negative
2722:-ǒ or -ǎ
2716:Singular
2708:Definite
1419:). Also,
832:voiceless
827:Fricative
747:voiceless
649:nasalized
618:Phonology
605:Northern
558:Northern
483:Zabarmawa
448:Tillaberi
217:Glottolog
201:ISO 639-3
91:Ethnicity
4267:Category
4234:Wadaad's
4179:Shimaore
4114:Comorain
4021:Rohingya
3985:Sarikoli
3939:Kashmiri
3809:Albanian
3715:Southern
3700:Korandje
3682:Northern
3632:Japanese
3545:Tassawaq
3520:Fulfulde
3093:ni baaba
3089:fu meeyo
2946:, as in
2694:enclitic
1041:such as
607:Cameroon
493:Road in
375:Help:IPA
254:Korandje
224:zarm1239
151:Dialects
133:Southern
4188:Humburi
4184:Songhay
4164:Kanembu
4154:Kibushi
4148:Maasina
4133:Nigeria
4128:Bagirmi
4123:Adamawa
4068:Turkmen
4063:Torwali
4042:Gilgiti
4040:Shina (
4026:Saraiki
4016:Persian
4001:Parkari
3990:Shughni
3980:Munjani
3978:Pamir (
3954:Kurdish
3914:Balochi
3880:Tatar (
3834:Chechen
3705:Tasawaq
3627:Chinese
3612:English
3596:Tamahaq
3555:Tamajeq
3540:Songhai
3234:INCOMPL
3193:INCOMPL
3070:fuwo ra
2919:Plural
2793:aspects
2747:súsúbày
2730:Plural
2676:General
2663:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2576:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2326:
2306:
2286:
2266:
2257:(Latin)
2236:
2216:
2196:
2176:
2156:
2136:
2127:(Latin)
2106:
2086:
2066:
2046:
2026:
2006:
1997:(Latin)
1976:
1956:
1936:
1916:
1896:
1876:
1867:(Latin)
1846:
1826:
1806:
1790:(Kh kh)
1786:
1766:
1746:
1737:(Latin)
1716:
1696:
1676:
1656:
1636:
1608:
1599:(Latin)
1530:before
1514:. Both
741:Plosive
697:Glottal
687:Palatal
544:Songhay
540:Songhai
489:, near
479:Zabarma
471:Nigeria
371:Unicode
281:Tasawaq
184:Braille
128:Songhay
75:Nigeria
52:
4249:Yoruba
4238:Somali
4214:Tuareg
4209:Sorabe
4109:Berber
4097:Africa
4078:Uyghur
4031:Sindhi
4006:Pashto
3959:Kyrgyz
3949:Khowar
3944:Kazakh
3904:Arabic
3861:Kazakh
3840:Adyghe
3802:Europe
3695:Tagdal
3622:Arabic
3617:French
3550:Toubou
3535:Kanuri
3515:Buduma
3510:Arabic
3494:French
3207:kaan-a
3056:Syntax
2925:wà sí
2900:si ga
2889:mà sí
2755:súsúbô
2751:súsúbǎ
2254:Arabic
2124:Arabic
1994:Arabic
1864:Arabic
1734:Arabic
1612:( - )
1596:Arabic
1574:Bamako
1413:so̰ho̰
1010:Stress
864:voiced
786:voiced
682:Dental
677:Labial
623:Vowels
529:Djerma
464:Agadez
460:Tahoua
456:Niamey
429:Djerma
418:Niamey
344:
342:
335:
333:
327:
320:
318:
311:
309:
302:
300:
290:Tagdal
288:
286:
279:
277:
270:
268:
261:
259:
252:
250:
175:Arabic
81:Region
4244:Wolof
4203:Zarma
4083:Uzbek
4058:Tamil
4011:Pegon
3995:Wakhi
3753:Zarma
3733:Kaado
3723:Dendi
3591:Kaado
3560:Zarma
3530:Hausa
3525:Gurma
3347:(PDF)
3302:(PDF)
3263:Zarma
3210:good-
3202:voice
3199:jinde
3163:COMPL
2999:-ànté
2944:ka/ga
2897:go ga
2867:màná
2863:mǎn
2848:màná
2844:mǎn
2787:Verbs
2733:-yáŋ
2688:Nouns
2682:a-/i-
2338:]
2334:[
2330:( - )
2318:]
2314:[
2310:(W w)
2298:]
2294:[
2290:( - )
2278:]
2274:[
2270:(W w)
2248:]
2244:[
2240:(H h)
2228:]
2224:[
2220:(Ɲ ɲ)
2208:]
2204:[
2200:(N n)
2188:]
2184:[
2180:(M m)
2168:]
2164:[
2160:(L l)
2148:]
2144:[
2140:(K k)
2118:]
2114:[
2110:(K k)
2098:]
2094:[
2090:(F f)
2078:]
2074:[
2070:(Ŋ ŋ)
2058:]
2054:[
2050:(G g)
2038:]
2034:[
2030:( - )
2018:]
2014:[
2010:(Z z)
1988:]
1984:[
1980:(T t)
1968:]
1964:[
1960:(D d)
1948:]
1944:[
1940:(S s)
1928:]
1924:[
1920:(Š š)
1908:]
1904:[
1900:(S s)
1888:]
1884:[
1880:(Z z)
1858:]
1854:[
1850:(R r)
1838:]
1834:[
1830:(Z z)
1818:]
1814:[
1810:(D d)
1798:]
1794:[
1778:]
1774:[
1770:(H h)
1758:]
1754:[
1750:(C c)
1728:]
1724:[
1720:(J j)
1708:]
1704:[
1700:(S s)
1688:]
1684:[
1680:(T t)
1668:]
1664:[
1660:(P p)
1648:]
1644:[
1640:(B b)
1628:]
1624:[
1620:]
1616:[
1581:Niger
1528:]
1524:[
1500:]
1496:[
1465:]
1461:[
1454:]
1450:[
1439:]
1435:[
1396:]
1392:[
1387:]
1383:[
1378:]
1374:[
1369:]
1365:[
1360:]
1356:[
1351:]
1347:[
1342:]
1338:[
1333:]
1329:[
1324:]
1320:[
1315:]
1311:[
1306:]
1302:[
1297:]
1293:[
1248:]
1244:[
1239:]
1235:[
1230:]
1226:[
1221:]
1217:[
1212:]
1208:[
1203:]
1199:[
1194:]
1190:[
1185:]
1181:[
1176:]
1172:[
1167:]
1163:[
1158:]
1154:[
1149:]
1145:[
1140:]
1136:[
1063:Ajami
1059:Ajami
1055:Sahel
1047:Hausa
1039:Sahel
1031:Ajami
992:goffo
946:Trill
704:Nasal
692:Velar
612:Sudan
579:Ghana
560:Benin
491:Nguru
487:Kebbi
452:Dosso
422:Hausa
410:Niger
392:Ajami
384:Zarma
346:Dendi
188:Latin
179:Ajami
138:Zarma
95:Zarma
63:Niger
33:Zarma
4169:Maba
4073:Urdu
3934:Jawi
3897:Asia
3819:Avar
3586:Daza
3310:2019
3221:know
3180:they
3172:cry,
3155:mana
3150:-one
3144:a-fo
3139:cry,
3123:bird
3120:curo
3007:-yàŋ
3003:-yàŋ
2990:and
2984:bárà
2982:and
2980:tíyà
2976:cíyà
2972:gòró
2739:-êy
2736:-ěy
1585:Mali
1538:Tone
1518:and
1417:sõhõ
1287:Z z
1130:M m
1071:Jawi
1045:and
1043:Fula
985:/ci/
983:and
977:/ki/
975:and
921:Flap
601:Togo
595:and
567:and
523:and
517:Mali
462:and
67:Mali
3866:Lak
3265:at
3230:NFP
3218:bay
3212:DEF
3189:NEG
3169:hẽ,
3159:NEG
3148:NFP
3136:hẽ,
3131:one
3032:or
2914:sí
2878:sí
2856:ka
2837:∅
2811:or
2725:-ô
2719:-∅
2567:uu
2471:اُو
2463:اࣷو
2432:Uu
1756:t͡ʃ
1510:or
1504:/c/
1407:or
1284:Y y
1281:W w
1278:U u
1275:T t
1272:S s
1269:R r
1266:P p
1263:O o
1260:Ŋ ŋ
1257:Ɲ ɲ
1254:N n
1156:t͡ʃ
1127:L l
1124:K k
1121:J j
1118:I i
1115:H h
1112:G g
1109:F f
1106:E e
1103:D d
1100:C c
1097:B b
1094:A a
1025:or
994:.)
661:/j/
659:or
657:/w/
645:/u/
641:/o/
637:/i/
633:/e/
629:/a/
542:or
515:In
481:or
469:In
357:IPA
208:dje
4284::
3332:^
3318:^
3255:^
3185:si
3128:fo
3115:if
3112:da
3022:ká
3018:gá
3014:ká
2992:tí
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