158:
provided him with funds. He encouraged
Sutherland to take his story to the press, although Sutherland rejected this advice at the time. Fontaine has asserted that "the Tories took advantage of Aboriginal individuals who weren't all that involved in political issues or political life", and argued that the incident was symptomatic of the way aboriginal voters are sometimes treated by mainstream parties.
103:
mitigate erosion damages caused by Hydro development and enforce its jurisdiction over its traditional territory. The constitutional process mandated the First Nation's Law-Making
Assembly to pass two important pieces of legislation in relation to the Hydro Accord: the Process Law and Conservation Law. He was a supporter of local gambling rights, and launched a private prosecution against the
321:
He published "Our Hearts Are as One Fire," UBC Press (2020), a manuscript that focused on the leadership of
Pontiac (1763), Tecumseh (1812) and Shingwauk (1812 & 1850) and the Three Fires Confederacy. A second manuscript, "Di-bayn-di-zi-win (To Own Ourselves): Embodying Objibway-Anishinabe Ways,"
193:
During the 1998 leadership contest, Fontaine was served with a $ 100,000 lawsuit from Wing
Construction Limited, which had previously received a contract for school construction in Sagkeeng. Wing Construction argued that the Sagkeeng council had not turned over promised funds, and asserted that the
157:
ruled that these organizers had induced at least one candidate, Darryl
Sutherland, to run. The FPP was not implicated in this scandal. In the year the scandal broke, Fontaine informed the media that Sutherland had approached him late in the 1995 campaign to acknowledge that Conservative organizers
122:
The FPP was created following a 1993 resolution of the
Assembly of Manitoba chiefs that advocated a political party focused on aboriginal issues. The party argued that all native peoples in Canada have an inherent right to self-government and that the country's traditional political parties were not
102:
Fontaine became chief of the
Sagkeeng First Nation three years later, and led the community until 1998. During his tenure as Chief, Sagkeeng developed the First Nation's constitutional declaration. This declaration facilitated the Manitoba Hydro Accord, a process that enabled the community to
205:
Separate from the Wing
Construction controversy, some members of the Sagkeeng first nation accused Fontaine of inadequate on-reserve housing in 1998. He resigned as chief following a series of protests, saying that he needed to devote all of his attention to the leadership contest. He later
198:, and the company was forced into bankruptcy protection in 2000. Fontaine characterized the personal lawsuit as "frivolous", and was later described as saying that the company had overstated the value of its work. Others have disputed this, and Alan Isfeld of the
260:
In 2005, Fontaine served as an adviser to AFN leader Phil
Fontaine and promoted education within Canada's aboriginal communities. He has argued that Aboriginal communities should have control over First Nations post-secondary institutions.
594:
350:
1124:
174:
and Graham Dixon. Fontaine emphasized that he was not a protest candidate, and his campaign did not focus exclusively on aboriginal issues. Initially regarded as the frontrunner, he lost to former
322:
co-authored with Don McCaskill, published by
Dundurn Press (2022), focused on Indigenous self-determination and indigenization of the academy.(UBC Press, August 2020; Dundurn Press, February 2022}
587:
343:
580:
1215:
336:
194:
company was left to sustain a loss of three million dollars. The federal government later determined that the Wing contract had not been formally approved by the
1116:
166:
Fontaine rejoined the Manitoba Liberal Party after the FPP's dissolution, and became a candidate for the party's leadership in 1998 following the resignation of
1205:
1012:
659:
445:
150:
86:
as a Liberal. The Liberal Party was a weak electoral force in Manitoba during this period, and Fontaine received 959 votes (11.33%). The winner was
1220:
1035:
202:
argued that the collapse of Wing Construction created a potentially destructive precedent for aboriginal/non-aboriginal partnerships in Canada.
1225:
265:
119:(FPP) later in the year and was generally recognized as the nascent party's leader, although it is not clear if he held an official position.
195:
107:
pulp mill in 1995 for violations of the Water Rights Act. By his own admission, he destroyed his Liberal Party membership in 1994 when the
242:
400:
135:
123:
addressing aboriginal concerns. Fontaine emphasized that the FPP was open to all Manitobans, not simply those of aboriginal background.
607:
268:, a federal party similar to the FPP, in 2005. He continues to serve as FPNP president as of 2006. Fontaine was an administrator at
996:
225:
During the period 2003-2005, Fontaine became active in the development of the Treaty 1 Protection Office that included the following
287:
142:
1143:
918:
760:
636:
395:
91:
75:
1210:
83:
602:
358:
275:
While in the capacity of Director of Indigenous Initiatives, Fontaine also served as Sessional Lecturer. (Algoma University,
182:
127:
79:
36:
131:
170:. He was 42 years old at the time. His candidacy was organized by Ernie Gilroy, and won support from figures such as
115:
relaxed anti-pollution standards in the area near his community. Fontaine became a prominent spokesman for Manitoba's
199:
280:
230:
51:
218:. During this period, he facilitated negotiations between the Pine Falls Paper Company (PFPC) and participating
1235:
146:
215:
206:
defended his financial record against what he described as a "continued siege by government and media alike".
153:
organizers to take votes from the New Democratic Party in marginal constituencies. A commission led by Judge
234:
1230:
682:
421:
299:
250:
71:
40:
785:
556:
1177:
805:
315:
276:
246:
28:
1028:
1120:
303:
175:
104:
130:, all of whom were defeated. Fontaine ran a credible campaign in the vast northern constituency of
826:
469:
291:
238:
181:
by 1336 votes to 832 in a mail-in ballot open to all party members. He was not a candidate in the
116:
108:
32:
1187:
804:. Expenditure entries refer to individual candidate expenses. Fontaine was elected Chief of the
1158:
871:
801:
307:
1117:
First Peoples National Party of Canada: Interim Executive, Minutes of the October 20th meeting
269:
167:
44:
768:
311:
112:
67:
222:
in the development of a partnership agreement between the PFPC and the Anishinabe Nations.
1147:
1128:
1039:
1000:
989:
922:
1140:
915:
947:
889:
664:
641:
295:
87:
134:, but received only 541 votes (12.22%) for a fourth-place finish against New Democrat
1199:
1169:
967:, 18 October 1998, A1; Kuxhaus, "Fontaine feels he can mend fractured Liberal party".
154:
55:
254:
171:
363:
219:
178:
20:
1103:
Anne Kyle, "First Nations should control their own education: national chief",
786:
Statement of Votes for the 37th Provincial General Election, September 21, 1999
557:
Statement of Votes for the 37th Provincial General Election, September 21, 1999
843:, 26 June 1993, City Page ; Kevin Rollason, "Sagkeeng chief charges mill",
627:
383:
226:
24:
138:, who is also aboriginal. The FPP ceased to exist after the election.
856:
David Kuxhaus, "Fontaine feels he can mend fractured Liberal party",
934:
Paul Samyn, "Prominent native leader tells of discussions in 1995",
875:, 29 November 1994, A4; Lett, "Liberals grooming aboriginal leader".
145:
raised allegations that a separate aboriginal-issues party called
916:"The 1999 Michener Award Winner", The Michener Awards Foundation
1051:
Stevens Wild, "Sit-in at Sagkeeng protests lack of houses",
902:
Kelly Taylor, "Native North shops for any port in a storm",
990:
Paul Barnsley, "Partners battle over school construction",
43:
in 1998. He was the director of Indigenous Initiatives at
948:"Filmon to testify at alleged election-rigging inquiry",
272:, where he worked as Director of Indigenous Initiatives.
214:
From 1998-2003, Fontaine served as Senior Advisor to the
1161:. Expenditures refer to individual candidate expenses.
887:"Aboriginal party in Manitoba would be open to all",
869:David Roberts, "Manitoba natives form own party",
976:Kuxhaus, "Liberal leader hopeful faces lawsuit",
824:Dan Lett, "Liberals grooming aboriginal leader",
963:Kuxhaus, "Grits pick Gerrard as their saviour",
39:, and was an unsuccessful candidate to lead the
1064:Rollason, "Chief's quitting heartens protest",
1077:Jerry Fontaine, "Sagkeeng siege unwarranted",
588:
344:
8:
883:
881:
1216:Candidates in Manitoba provincial elections
1163:
784:Manitoba. Chief Electoral Officer (1999).
595:
581:
573:
555:Manitoba. Chief Electoral Officer (1999).
351:
337:
329:
264:He was chosen as interim president of the
257:). Treaty 1 was signed on August 3, 1871.
1157:All electoral information is taken from
800:All electoral information is taken from
839:Randy Turner, "Gamblers swarm palace",
817:
791:(Report). Winnipeg: Elections Manitoba.
562:(Report). Winnipeg: Elections Manitoba.
266:First Peoples National Party of Canada
126:The party ran three candidates in the
74:in 1976. He first campaigned for the
7:
808:in 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995 and 1997.
1206:Academic staff of Algoma University
1013:Alan Isfeld, Letter to the Editor,
14:
1141:Algoma University: Administration
288:Master of Business Administration
143:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
141:In 1998, an investigation by the
76:Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
1221:Indigenous leaders in Manitoba
1094:, 15 April 2005, 04:11 report.
603:1986 Manitoba general election
359:1995 Manitoba general election
27:, Canada. He was chief of the
1:
1226:University of Manitoba alumni
98:Sagkeeng chief and FPP leader
196:Department of Indian Affairs
1131:, accessed 12 October 2006.
1029:"Government manipulation",
906:, 24 April 1995, City Page.
847:, 28 April 1995, City Page.
617:
373:
200:Waywayseecappo First Nation
162:Liberal leadership campaign
31:from 1989 to 1998, led the
1252:
738:Eligible voters / Turnout
626:
623:
620:
528:Eligible voters / turnout
387:
382:
379:
376:
281:Shingwauk Kinoomaage Gamig
50:Fontaine is the nephew of
1184:
1174:
1166:
1150:, accessed 11 March 2007.
893:, 30 November 1994, p. 6.
776:
767:
759:
737:
722:
702:
614:
576:
547:
527:
512:
492:
370:
332:
294:, Paris, France) (2000),
149:(INV) had been set up by
52:Assembly of First Nations
1090:"Aboriginal-Education",
660:Progressive Conservative
446:Progressive Conservative
216:Pine Falls Paper Company
183:1999 provincial election
151:Progressive Conservative
147:Independent Native Voice
128:1995 provincial election
80:1986 provincial election
37:1995 provincial election
1123:, Sault Ste. Marie, ON
1068:, 2 September 1998, A6.
1211:Canadian Ojibwe people
300:University of Manitoba
72:University of Manitoba
41:Manitoba Liberal Party
1178:Sagkeeng First Nation
1055:, 27 August 1998, A3.
980:, 2 October 1998, A1.
806:Sagkeeng First Nation
316:Peterborough, Ontario
277:Laurentian University
29:Sagkeeng First Nation
1121:Shingwauk University
1107:, 15 April 2005, A5.
1081:, 12 March 2001, A7.
860:, 25 April 1998, A6.
830:, 24 April 1998, A1.
286:Fontaine received a
176:Member of Parliament
92:New Democratic Party
66:Fontaine received a
1079:Winnipeg Free Press
1066:Winnipeg Free Press
1053:Winnipeg Free Press
978:Winnipeg Free Press
965:Winnipeg Free Press
936:Winnipeg Free Press
904:Winnipeg Free Press
858:Winnipeg Free Press
845:Winnipeg Free Press
841:Winnipeg Free Press
827:Winnipeg Free Press
470:First Peoples Party
292:European University
220:Anishinaabe Nations
117:First Peoples Party
109:Canadian government
33:First Peoples Party
1159:Elections Manitoba
1146:2011-07-06 at the
1127:2007-09-28 at the
1105:Regina Leader-Post
1038:2006-05-17 at the
999:2005-10-27 at the
952:, 18 November 1998
938:, 3 July 1998, A4.
921:2005-03-14 at the
872:The Globe and Mail
802:Elections Manitoba
703:Total valid votes
493:Total valid votes
308:Indigenous Studies
1194:
1193:
1185:Succeeded by
1017:, 28 January 2004
798:
797:
569:
568:
270:Algoma University
189:Wing Construction
168:Ginny Hasselfield
45:Algoma University
1243:
1167:Preceded by
1164:
1151:
1138:
1132:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1042:, accessed 2006.
1026:
1020:
1019:, accessed 2006.
1010:
1004:
1003:, accessed 2006.
987:
981:
974:
968:
961:
955:
954:, accessed 2006.
945:
939:
932:
926:
925:, accessed 2006.
913:
907:
900:
894:
885:
876:
867:
861:
854:
848:
837:
831:
822:
792:
790:
753:
748:
743:
733:
728:
718:
713:
708:
629:
610:
597:
590:
583:
574:
563:
561:
543:
538:
533:
523:
518:
508:
503:
498:
385:
366:
353:
346:
339:
330:
326:Electoral record
312:Trent University
70:degree from the
68:Bachelor of Arts
47:from 2004-2008.
1251:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1236:Sagkeeng people
1196:
1195:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1155:
1154:
1148:Wayback Machine
1139:
1135:
1129:Wayback Machine
1115:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1040:Wayback Machine
1027:
1023:
1015:Grassroots News
1011:
1007:
1001:Wayback Machine
988:
984:
975:
971:
962:
958:
946:
942:
933:
929:
923:Wayback Machine
914:
910:
901:
897:
886:
879:
868:
864:
855:
851:
838:
834:
823:
819:
814:
794:
793:
788:
783:
780:
751:
746:
741:
731:
726:
716:
711:
706:
606:
601:
571:
565:
564:
559:
554:
551:
541:
536:
531:
521:
516:
506:
501:
496:
362:
357:
328:
298:(MA) from the (
229:First Nations (
212:
191:
164:
100:
64:
12:
11:
5:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1153:
1152:
1133:
1109:
1096:
1092:Broadcast News
1083:
1070:
1057:
1044:
1033:, January 2001
1021:
1005:
982:
969:
956:
940:
927:
908:
895:
890:Financial Post
877:
862:
849:
832:
816:
815:
813:
810:
796:
795:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
771:
766:
761:New Democratic
758:
755:
754:
749:
744:
739:
735:
734:
729:
724:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
700:
699:
696:
693:
690:
688:Jerry Fontaine
685:
680:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
665:Darren Praznik
662:
657:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:Clarence Baker
639:
637:New Democratic
634:
631:
630:
625:
622:
619:
616:
612:
611:
600:
599:
592:
585:
577:
567:
566:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
525:
524:
519:
514:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
475:Jerry Fontaine
472:
467:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
443:
440:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
419:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
398:
396:New Democratic
393:
390:
389:
386:
381:
378:
375:
372:
368:
367:
356:
355:
348:
341:
333:
327:
324:
296:Master of Arts
211:
208:
190:
187:
163:
160:
99:
96:
88:Clarence Baker
63:
60:
23:politician in
17:Jerry Fontaine
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1248:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Living people
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1176:Chief of the
1171:
1170:Ken Courchene
1165:
1162:
1160:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
993:
986:
983:
979:
973:
970:
966:
960:
957:
953:
951:
950:The Manitoban
944:
941:
937:
931:
928:
924:
920:
917:
912:
909:
905:
899:
896:
892:
891:
884:
882:
878:
874:
873:
866:
863:
859:
853:
850:
846:
842:
836:
833:
829:
828:
821:
818:
811:
809:
807:
803:
787:
775:
772:
770:
765:
762:
757:
756:
750:
745:
740:
736:
730:
725:
721:
715:
710:
705:
701:
697:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
678:
674:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:
651:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
632:
613:
609:
608:Lac du Bonnet
604:
598:
593:
591:
586:
584:
579:
578:
575:
572:
558:
546:
540:
535:
530:
526:
520:
515:
511:
505:
500:
495:
491:
487:
484:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
441:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:
413:
410:
407:
404:
402:
401:Eric Robinson
399:
397:
394:
392:
391:
388:Expenditures
369:
365:
360:
354:
349:
347:
342:
340:
335:
334:
331:
325:
323:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:) (2009) and
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
209:
207:
203:
201:
197:
188:
186:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
161:
159:
156:
155:Alfred Monnin
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
136:Eric Robinson
133:
129:
124:
120:
118:
114:
113:Jean Chrétien
110:
106:
97:
95:
93:
89:
85:
84:Lac du Bonnet
82:, contesting
81:
77:
73:
69:
61:
59:
57:
56:Phil Fontaine
53:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1188:Ron Fontaine
1175:
1156:
1136:
1119:held at the
1112:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1008:
994:, April 2000
991:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
949:
943:
935:
930:
911:
903:
898:
888:
870:
865:
857:
852:
844:
840:
835:
825:
820:
799:
763:
687:
570:
488:$ 14,852.48
474:
450:Eric Kennedy
438:$ 25,182.52
414:$ 22,077.00
320:
290:(MBA) from (
285:
274:
263:
259:
243:Roseau River
224:
213:
204:
192:
172:Terry Duguid
165:
140:
125:
121:
101:
65:
62:Early career
49:
16:
15:
1031:Windspeaker
992:Windspeaker
462:$ 8,427.91
364:Rupertsland
179:Jon Gerrard
132:Rupertsland
21:Anishinaabe
1200:Categories
1182:1989-1998
618:Candidate
426:Harry Wood
374:Candidate
235:Long Plain
231:Brokenhead
210:Since 1998
105:Pine Falls
812:Footnotes
779:Source(s)
723:Rejected
550:Source(s)
513:Rejected
255:Swan Lake
251:Sandy Bay
1144:Archived
1125:Archived
1036:Archived
997:Archived
919:Archived
782:Source:
698:–
553:Source:
247:Sagkeeng
227:Treaty 1
25:Manitoba
732:–
717:–
712:–
683:Liberal
652:-16.38
542:–
522:–
507:–
502:–
485:–
422:Liberal
90:of the
78:in the
54:leader
35:in the
742:11,469
615:Party
605::
371:Party
361::
239:Peguis
19:is an
789:(PDF)
769:Swing
747:73.94
707:8,463
695:11.33
675:5.05
672:42.55
669:3,601
649:46.12
646:3,903
621:Votes
560:(PDF)
537:44.83
532:9,924
497:4,427
482:12.22
459:-5.90
456:13.98
435:-7.69
432:23.00
429:1,018
408:50.80
405:2,249
377:Votes
304:Ph.D.
764:hold
752:3.61
411:1.37
279:and
253:and
692:959
479:541
453:619
318:).
306:in
111:of
1202::
880:^
727:17
628:±%
517:22
384:±%
314:,
283:)
249:,
245:,
241:,
237:,
233:,
185:.
94:.
58:.
624:%
596:e
589:t
582:v
380:%
352:e
345:t
338:v
310:(
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