336:
346:
747:
60:
406:
556:
38:
379:
No species have wings with sound-producing structures; moreover, evidently none has structures it could use to hear sound. This contrasts with true crickets and katydids, who use their wings to produce sounds and have hearing organs to sense sounds of others. Jerusalem crickets seem unable to hiss by
392:
do. Instead, the few
Jerusalem crickets that do make sound rub their hind legs against the sides of the abdomen, producing a rasping, hissing noise. This hiss may serve to deter predators rather than to communicate with other crickets. For such purposes, Jerusalem crickets rely on substrate
590:
D.B. Weissman, A.G. Vandergast, H. Song, S. Shin, D.D. McKenna, N. Ueshima (2021) Generic relationships of New World
Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of
420:
Several hypotheses attempt to explain the origin of the term "Jerusalem cricket". One suggests the term originated from a mixing of Navajo and
Christian terminology, resulting from the strong connection
327:
282:, as presently delimited (with 13 more of uncertain status and potentially not valid), though the genus was formerly much larger, including most of the species now placed in the genus
425:
priests had with the
Navajos in developing their dictionary and vocabulary. Such priests may have heard the Navajos speak of a "skull insect" and took this as a reference to
326:
325:
20:
796:
723:
696:
671:
830:
608:
Milne, Lorus and
Margery (1980) The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects & Spiders. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc, pp. 437.
257:
but can also eat other insects. Their highly adapted feet are used for burrowing beneath moist soil to feed on decaying root plants and
613:
625:
L. Desutter-Grandcolas (2003). "Phylogeny and the evolution of acoustic communication in extant
Ensifera (Insecta, Orthoptera)".
59:
414:
250:
1490:
1485:
288:, which contains 20 additional species. The family Stenopelmatidae and subfamily Stenopelmatinae contain several
823:
335:
1425:
46:
381:
215:
1380:
816:
1336:
644:
54:
713:
1457:
1344:
1032:
995:
961:
792:
719:
692:
667:
627:
609:
1024:
1016:
1003:
982:
974:
919:
763:
636:
405:
357:
297:
230:
555:
441:
394:
345:
223:
141:
131:
1388:
1372:
1284:
1276:
1225:
1133:
1040:
254:
1479:
1393:
1363:
1297:
1230:
1199:
1176:
1166:
1069:
1061:
935:
640:
532:
278:
206:
173:
648:
1462:
1448:
1305:
1255:
1245:
1240:
1217:
1207:
1153:
1138:
927:
883:
784:
313:
284:
246:
200:
166:
296:) are referred to as Jerusalem crickets. Other families in the same superfamily (
1349:
1263:
1212:
1189:
1170:
1158:
1148:
940:
305:
37:
1323:
1315:
1181:
1143:
1117:
911:
840:
422:
111:
808:
309:
1235:
1125:
1108:
1096:
953:
871:
859:
434:
389:
301:
293:
289:
242:
238:
234:
91:
71:
268:, they can emit a foul smell and are capable of inflicting a painful bite.
768:
1442:
899:
877:
121:
426:
373:
865:
853:
576:
385:
365:
331:
The
Jerusalem cricket's song features a characteristic drumming sound
219:
192:
101:
81:
1419:
691:. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CABI Publishing. pp. 351–375.
554:
404:
369:
344:
334:
323:
265:
258:
196:
662:
Robinson, DJ; Hall, MJ (2002). "Sound
Signalling in Orthoptera".
361:
1423:
1093:
896:
812:
748:"Sö ́sö'öpa—Jerusalem Cricket: An Important Insect in the Hopi
292:
229:
Despite their common names, these insects are neither true
360:, each species of Jerusalem cricket produces a different
19:"Child of the earth" redirects here. For other uses, see
316:. They are similar to stenopelmatines in many respects.
276:
There are 19 species recognized as valid in the genus
1072:(katydids, bush-crickets or long-horned grasshoppers)
689:
The
Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies
1432:
1371:
1362:
1335:
1314:
1296:
1275:
1254:
1198:
1116:
1107:
1060:
1015:
994:
973:
952:
910:
712:Weissman, DB; Vandergast, AG; Ueshima, N (2008).
1326:(grouse locusts, pygmy locusts or groundhoppers)
1220:(monkey grasshoppers or matchstick grasshoppers)
789:Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America
368:. This song takes the form of a characteristic
586:
584:
985:(cave, camel and spider crickets; cave wetas)
824:
547:
541:
8:
741:
739:
737:
735:
520:
510:
486:
470:
454:
437:near the place where Jesus was crucified.
237:) nor true bugs (which belong to the order
1420:
1368:
1113:
1104:
1090:
907:
893:
831:
817:
809:
791:. New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 84.
535:
36:
27:
767:
413:n. sp. "mahogany") next to a 2.4 cm
397:located in all six of the insect's legs.
1006:(dune crickets or splay-footed crickets)
718:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 2054–2061.
664:Advances in Insect Physiology, Volume 29
569:
7:
214:. The former genus is native to the
599:4917. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4917.1.1
191:) are a group of large, flightless
444:names refer to the insect's head:
14:
264:While Jerusalem crickets are not
222:, while the latter genus is from
1035:(Cooloola monster and relatives)
746:Stoffolano JG, Wright B (2005).
641:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00142.x
210:, together comprising the tribe
58:
559:Jerusalem cricket in its burrow
666:. Elsevier. pp. 151–278.
372:in which the insect beats its
1:
409:Mahogany Jerusalem cricket (
233:(which belong to the family
16:Type of cricket-like animals
546:("child of the earth") and
540:("shiny bug"), the Spanish
472:Chʼosh bitsiitsʼiin łichíʼí
1507:
715:Encyclopedia of Entomology
380:forcing air through their
253:to feed primarily on dead
241:), nor are they native to
18:
1103:
1089:
906:
892:
848:
249:insects use their strong
162:
157:
55:Scientific classification
53:
44:
35:
30:
531:Other names include the
1128:(grasshoppers, locusts)
1043:(leaf-rolling crickets)
536:
1266:(bladder grasshoppers)
1027:(wetas, king crickets)
560:
548:
542:
521:
511:
488:Tsiitsʼiin łichíʼítsoh
487:
471:
455:
417:
353:
342:
332:
1396:(pygmy mole crickets)
1184:(lubber grasshoppers)
756:American Entomologist
687:Weissman, DB (2001).
558:
408:
349:Idahoan "potato bug"
348:
338:
330:
216:western United States
21:Children of the earth
1287:(gaudy grasshoppers)
1051:(Jerusalem crickets)
376:against the ground.
1161:(toad grasshoppers)
769:10.1093/ae/51.3.174
481:c’ic’in lici’ I coh
393:vibrations felt by
351:Ammopelmatus fuscus
340:Ammopelmatus fuscus
47:Ammopelmatus fuscus
1337:Trigonopterygoidea
962:Prophalangopsidae
561:
552:("child's face").
456:Tsiitsʼiin łichíʼí
418:
354:
343:
333:
185:Jerusalem crickets
31:Jerusalem cricket
1491:Orthoptera tribes
1473:
1472:
1426:Taxon identifiers
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1384:
1381:Cylindrachetidae
1358:
1357:
1345:Trigonopterygidae
1327:
1288:
1267:
1221:
1185:
1162:
1129:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1025:Anostostomatidae
1007:
1004:Schizodactylidae
996:Schizodactyloidea
986:
983:Rhaphidophoridae
975:Rhaphidophoroidea
965:
944:
931:
923:
798:978-0-618-15310-7
725:978-1-4020-6242-1
698:978-0-85199-408-6
673:978-0-12-024229-0
628:Zoologica Scripta
543:niño de la tierra
493:) "big red-skull"
477:) "red-skull bug"
328:
182:
181:
1498:
1486:Stenopelmatoidea
1466:
1465:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1421:
1395:
1382:
1369:
1325:
1286:
1265:
1219:
1183:
1160:
1127:
1114:
1105:
1091:
1071:
1050:
1049:Stenopelmatidae
1042:
1034:
1026:
1017:Stenopelmatoidea
1005:
984:
963:
942:
941:Myrmecophilidae
929:
921:
908:
894:
833:
826:
819:
810:
803:
802:
783:Eaton, Eric R.;
780:
774:
773:
771:
743:
730:
729:
709:
703:
702:
684:
678:
677:
659:
653:
652:
622:
616:
606:
600:
588:
579:
574:
551:
545:
539:
527:) "skull insect"
525:
524:
522:Yaaʼ tsiitsʼiiní
515:
514:
491:
490:
475:
474:
465:c’os bic’ic lici
459:
458:
395:subgenual organs
356:Similar to true
329:
298:Stenopelmatoidea
63:
62:
40:
28:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1428:
1418:
1401:
1354:
1331:
1310:
1292:
1285:Pyrgomorphidae
1277:Pyrgomorphoidea
1271:
1250:
1194:
1099:
1077:
1056:
1041:Gryllacrididae
1011:
990:
969:
948:
930:(mole crickets)
928:Gryllotalpidae
902:
888:
844:
837:
807:
806:
799:
782:
781:
777:
745:
744:
733:
726:
711:
710:
706:
699:
686:
685:
681:
674:
661:
660:
656:
624:
623:
619:
607:
603:
589:
582:
575:
571:
566:
519:
509:
485:
469:
453:
429:(also known as
403:
324:
322:
274:
224:Central America
142:Stenopelmatinae
132:Stenopelmatidae
57:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1454:
1438:
1436:
1434:Stenopelmatini
1430:
1429:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:Tridactylidae
1391:
1389:Ripipterygidae
1386:
1377:
1375:
1373:Tridactyloidea
1366:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:Euschmidtiidae
1223:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1164:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1134:Dericorythidae
1131:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:Tettigoniidae
1066:
1064:
1062:Tettigonioidea
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1000:
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
979:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
958:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
943:(ant crickets)
938:
933:
925:
916:
914:
904:
903:
897:
890:
889:
887:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
849:
846:
845:
838:
836:
835:
828:
821:
813:
805:
804:
797:
775:
762:(3): 174–179.
731:
724:
704:
697:
679:
672:
654:
635:(6): 525–561.
617:
601:
580:
568:
567:
565:
562:
529:
528:
512:Wóó tsiitsʼiin
494:
478:
462:
402:
399:
321:
318:
273:
272:Classification
270:
255:organic matter
212:Stenopelmatini
180:
179:
178:
177:
170:
160:
159:
155:
154:
152:Stenopelmatini
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1503:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1383:(sandgropers)
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Tridactylidea
1361:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1298:Tanaoceroidea
1295:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Mastacideidae
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1218:Eumastacidae
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1200:Eumastacoidea
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1177:Pyrgacrididae
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:Pamphagodidae
1165:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
972:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
951:
945:
939:
937:
936:Mogoplistidae
934:
932:
926:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
895:
891:
885:
881:
879:
875:
873:
869:
867:
863:
861:
857:
855:
851:
850:
847:
842:
834:
829:
827:
822:
820:
815:
814:
811:
800:
794:
790:
786:
779:
776:
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
751:
742:
740:
738:
736:
732:
727:
721:
717:
716:
708:
705:
700:
694:
690:
683:
680:
675:
669:
665:
658:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
621:
618:
615:
614:0-394-50763-0
611:
605:
602:
598:
594:
593:Stenopelmatus
587:
585:
581:
578:
573:
570:
563:
557:
553:
550:
544:
538:
534:
526:
523:
516:
513:
506:
502:
498:
495:
492:
489:
482:
479:
476:
473:
466:
463:
461:) "red-skull"
460:
457:
450:
447:
446:
445:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
412:
407:
400:
398:
396:
391:
387:
383:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
352:
347:
341:
337:
320:Communication
319:
317:
315:
314:king crickets
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:
281:
280:
279:Stenopelmatus
271:
269:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
218:and parts of
217:
213:
209:
208:
207:Stenopelmatus
203:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
175:
174:Stenopelmatus
171:
169:
168:
164:
163:
161:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1433:
1306:Tanaoceridae
1264:Pneumoridae
1256:Pneumoroidea
1246:Thericleidae
1241:Proscopiidae
1208:Chorotypidae
1159:Pamphagidae
1154:Ommexechidae
1139:Lathiceridae
1048:
1033:Cooloolidae
884:Orthopterida
882:Superorder:
876:Infraclass:
788:
785:Kenn Kaufman
778:
759:
755:
749:
714:
707:
688:
682:
663:
657:
632:
626:
620:
604:
596:
592:
572:
549:cara de niño
530:
518:
508:
504:
500:
496:
484:
480:
468:
464:
452:
449:c’ic’in lici
448:
439:
430:
419:
411:Ammopelmatus
410:
378:
355:
350:
339:
308:include the
285:Ammopelmatus
283:
277:
275:
263:
228:
211:
205:
201:Ammopelmatus
199:
188:
184:
183:
172:
167:Ammopelmatus
165:
151:
45:
25:
1350:Xyronotidae
1324:Tetrigidae
1316:Tetrigoidea
1213:Episactidae
1190:Tristiridae
1182:Romaleidae
1171:Charilaidae
1149:Lithidiidae
497:wo se c’ini
390:cockroaches
306:New Zealand
189:potato bugs
138:Subfamily:
1480:Categories
1449:Q108911626
1144:Lentulidae
1126:Acrididae
1118:Acridoidea
922:(crickets)
920:Gryllidae
912:Grylloidea
870:Subclass:
860:Arthropoda
841:Orthoptera
564:References
505:yo sic’ini
433:) outside
431:Skull Hill
423:Franciscan
384:, as some
118:Suborder:
112:Orthoptera
92:Arthropoda
1236:Morabidae
1169:(synonym
1109:Acrididea
1097:Caelifera
1095:Suborder
954:Hagloidea
898:Suborder
872:Pterygota
852:Kingdom:
752:Pantheon"
501:rositsini
435:Jerusalem
382:spiracles
302:Australia
294:New World
290:Old World
251:mandibles
247:nocturnal
243:Jerusalem
239:Hemiptera
235:Gryllidae
78:Kingdom:
72:Eukaryota
1443:Wikidata
900:Ensifera
878:Neoptera
858:Phylum:
854:Animalia
843:families
787:(2007).
649:85659457
577:BugGuide
537:qalatötö
440:Several
370:drumming
358:crickets
266:venomous
245:. These
231:crickets
128:Family:
122:Ensifera
88:Phylum:
82:Animalia
68:Domain:
964:(grigs)
866:Insecta
864:Class:
839:Extant
750:Katsina
597:ZooTaxa
427:Calvary
415:quarter
386:beetles
374:abdomen
364:during
195:in the
193:insects
158:Genera
148:Tribe:
108:Order:
102:Insecta
98:Class:
795:
722:
695:
670:
647:
612:
442:Navajo
366:mating
259:tubers
220:Mexico
197:genera
1463:8PSSN
645:S2CID
401:Names
300:) in
793:ISBN
720:ISBN
693:ISBN
668:ISBN
610:ISBN
533:Hopi
388:and
362:song
312:and
310:wētā
304:and
204:and
187:(or
1458:CoL
764:doi
637:doi
503:or
499:or
1482::
1460::
1445::
760:51
758:.
754:.
734:^
643:.
633:32
631:.
595:.
583:^
261:.
226:.
1173:)
832:e
825:t
818:v
801:.
772:.
766::
728:.
701:.
676:.
651:.
639::
517:/
507:(
483:(
467:(
451:(
23:.
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