597:, the son of Abraham Habib, the chief Rabbi of Benghazi and Tripoli. He moved to Malta in his 20s, soon to start a successful trade in sugar, coffee, and olive oil. Habib established the Lafayette House in Zachary Street, Valletta, upon the franchise of Paris' Galeries Lafayette, dealing in ready-made ladies' fashion, the first such shop in Malta, later expanding in Britannia Street and in Tower Road, Sliema. He is credited (together with the Pace brothers) to have introduced cinema in Malta and to have created the first recordings of Maltese folklore music in 1931, when he accompanied local folk singers, including Is-Semenza and Ix-xudi, to
601:; 15 titles were recorded there for the German Polyphon label and sold in Malta and to the Maltese communities in Tunis, Alexandria and beyond, via the "Bembaron and Cie" shop. His daughter, Daphne Habib, became a leading concert pianist. Fortunato Habib took over from Achille Tayar as head of the Jewish community during World War II in 1944, leading it till his death in 1963. He is remembered for having helped several other Jewish refugee families, including the Eder, settle in Malta during and after the war; he rests at the Jewish cemetery in Kalkara.
249:
357:
144:(870-1090 CE). In nearby Sicily, under the same Arab rule, Jews and Christians lived peacefully. There is no trace of Jewish presence during Norman rule starting in 1091. Only in 1241 do the chronicles of Gilibertus Abbate report as few as 25 Jewish families in Malta and 8 in Gozo compared to 681 Muslim and 1047 Christian families in Malta, and 155 and 203 respectively in Gozo, although the interpretation of these numbers is contested.
705:
346:
80:
37:
585:
2227:
826:
2215:
1430:"Qabar (Kabar) tal-Lhud" Cemetery: The Jewish cemetery is still called Kibur el Lhud (Burial Place of the Jews), from Moslem times. Newly discovered catacombs attest to a Jewish community on Malta as early as the 3rd century B.C." World Guide for the Jewish Traveler; by Warren Freedman, E.P. Dutton Inc, NY 1984. Extracted by Bernard Kouchel; JGS of Broward Co., Florida; March 1994.
812:
126:
478:
In 1953, the World Jewish
Congress counted 56 Jews in Malta, represented in the Jewish Community of Malta, headed by Fortunato Habib with George D. Tayar as secretary. The guide states that "The representation of the community is recognized by the Government. Its five-men Working Committee is elected
426:
In 1863 Sion Attias became the new rabbi after the death of Josef Tajar. Rabbi Fragi Nimni followed in 1878. An 1881 report noted 79 British Jewish residents, 48 Ottomans, 9 Italians, 4 Portuguese, 3 Tunisians and 2 Germans. In the 1890s, with the backing of the achibishopry, a pamphlet was published
769:
fund for ransoming Hebrew slaves, at its own expense, for the burial of the dead of its race". The site was likely an earlier burial place for non-Christians on the island. It contains today twelve identifiable graves from burials in 1820–1834, and other gravestones and fragments. It was refurbished
225:
forced all Jews to leave
Spanish territory. Because they made up such a large portion of the island's population, the Spanish Crown forced them even to pay compensation for the tax losses caused by their own expulsion. It is not clear where the Jews of Malta went, but they may have joined the
422:
and to the
Rabbinate of London. A report from 1851 notes that the community was led by Jacob Abeasis, Raffaele Bismot and Riccardo Pariente. The wealthiest families were the Borges da Silva and Sonnino. Many Jews were occupied in commerce or finance, as agents and brokers, while others were
1278:, a Jewish leader in California and Nevada in the US, said in a statement in Nevada that he believed the Catholic Church in Malta was not serious about sharing the minority religious viewpoint and that he was disappointed that they did not want to discuss issues of religious equality with
71:, and a community could only re-establish itself after 1798 under British rule. In the 19th and 20th century, the Jewish community in Malta welcomed refugees from Italy and Central Europe, escaping Nazi rule. Today, a small community remains well established on the islands.
210:), the column for "la Giudecca" (the Jewish quarter of Mdina) lists 57 conscripted Jewish men. This leads to an estimate of up to 350 Jews in Malta at the time. Families had typical Jewish surnames such as Meyr/Mejr, Melj, Nefus, Levi, Catalanu, de Marsala.
575:
and glorified a biography of Hitler that he had written, claiming that Hitler was unaware of that atrocities that had been committed during World War II. In response, an anonymous member of the local Jewish community filed a police report against Bugeja.
502:
The
Maltese Jews found themselves without a synagogue when the building in Spur St. was demolished in 1979. In 1984 a new synagogue was opened at 182 Strada San Orsola, but it had to close down in 1995 as the building was collapsing. In 2000, a new
619:
with their children to Malta in 1938. With the start of the war, they were interned with other German, Austrian and
Italian citizens; they were released after three months. The following year they were interned again in the old convent of
482:
In 2019 the Jewish community in Malta gathered around 150 persons, slightly more than the 120 (of which 80 were active) estimated in 2003, and mostly elderly. Many among the newer generations decided to settle abroad, including
632:, which were quite popular among the first ones to sell ready-made women's clothes. The first was in Britannia St in Valletta, later managed by their daughter Lisl Berger. They also owned the Le Roy Hotel in Qui-Si-Sana,
113:(each with a dozen tombs) indicate that Jews lived side by side with Christians and pagans in Malta during the 4th and 5th centuries, during late Roman and then Byzantine times. The community, led by a council of elders (
474:
From 1915 till 1944, the Jewish
Community was led by Achille Tayar. He was succeeded by Fortunato Habib in 1944–1963, George Tayar in 1963–1994, and then by Abraham Hayim Ohayon, the son of rabbi Nissim Ohayon.
399:. The teacher Abraham A. Correa arrived in Malta from England in 1809, becoming in 1832 the Hon. Secretary of the British Jews Committee, with Jacob Borges da Silva as president. In 1835, Judith and
643:
trade unionist, Bela
Lowinger (1906-1994), traveled via Trieste and Naples to find refuge in Malta in 1939. His family ran a small shop in Main Street, Rabat, where they were known as the
800:
The cemetery is still in use by the Jewish community of Malta, and hosts tombs of Jews from Spain, Central Europe and Russia, as well as from places as far away as
Australia and Shangai.
691:
and introduced it in Malta with Berti Mizzi. Gita Tayar pioneered knitting-at-home in the late 1960s, introducing the textile industry to Gozo with the
Levison-Tayar firm. The street in
314:. Those free Jews who wished to visit the islands had to receive special permission from the Grand Master of the Order and had to enter Valletta's walls through one small port near the
278:
Malta was frequently mentioned for its large enslaved Jewish population in Jewish literature of the period. The
Knights would capture Jews and Muslims during corsairing raids against
310:
and given a Christian name, to be freed by their master only on deathbed. Those Jews, particularly women, who peddled their services as healers and diviners would often face the
1635:
669:
in the 1960s-1970s, before moving to the United Kingdom in 1988. Their son Dorian was an accomplished pianist. Another son, Robert, moved to the United Kingdom and later to
2267:
612:. Hammus died in 1941, and his son Menasse was killed in 1942 during the bombing of the Regent Cinema in Valletta. Their other sons and grandchildren remained in Malta.
1246:
914:
Buhagiar Mario, Essays on the Archaeology and Ancient History of the Maltese Islands - Bronze Age to Byzantine. Midsea Books Ltd. 2014. Mentioned by Martin Morana,
1313:
2041:
1763:
1451:
DAVIS, DEREK. “The Jewish Cemetery at Kalkara, Malta.” Transactions & Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England), vol. 28, 1981, pp. 145–70. JSTOR,
1693:
1220:
750:, the Jewish community, for use as a cemetery. A Hebrew-language tombstone, found on site, was dedicated to Rach, spouse of Yeshu’a; it is now preserved at
684:, who worked at the Kingsway Pharmacy, and Margot Tayar in the 1960s and 1970s run the "Tayar's Sportex and Tweed " textile shop in Palace Square, Valletta.
1360:
1588:
1043:
67:
spans two millennia. A Jewish community is attested on the islands by the 4th-5th century. Jews prospered in Malta under Arab and Norman rule. They were
1579:
1531:
418:, several impoverished Jewish families from Hungary, France and Germany found refuge in Malta; to cater for their needs, the community appealed to the
1900:
1713:
1738:
1628:
588:
British servicemen and women hosted by Maltese Jewish families, 1940–41. Sitting on the floor: Fortunato Habib, George Tayar (talking), Marco Aroyo.
1910:
202:, being granted in exchange a monopoly on apothecaries and dyers. In the Militia List of 1419-1420 (a register of male adults in Malta, excluding
1998:
1950:
1825:
1820:
1349:
326:
431:
against the Jews. The police quickly intervened to ban it. The Jewish community remained very small and in some periods did not have a rabbi.
1011:
962:
937:
1603:
1955:
1785:
1551:
1179:
1960:
1621:
2257:
2252:
2034:
1885:
1855:
1815:
1795:
1775:
1678:
195:
1140:
302:. It would be up to Jewish Societies for the Redemption of Captives to raise such amounts from Jewish communities across Europe ("
2247:
1988:
1790:
1993:
1940:
1915:
1870:
1865:
1840:
1698:
1983:
1905:
1895:
1845:
1805:
1758:
1753:
1743:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1703:
1688:
1683:
1673:
1668:
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1234:
1527:", Transactions & Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England), Vol. 28 (1981-1982), pp. 145–170 (26 pages),
1408:
1001:
1284:
267:, who ruled the island until 1798. During these three centuries, the islands had no free Jewish population. Those Sicilian
2262:
2027:
2003:
1945:
1890:
1880:
1860:
1850:
1835:
1830:
1810:
1780:
1748:
1733:
1708:
1644:
844:
272:
260:
2205:
1920:
1875:
1770:
893:
839:
674:
1475:
Cecil Roth – The Jews of Malta. Page 245. March 28, 1929 addressing in London the Jewish historical Society of England.
1597:
1064:
1031:
2008:
518:
1397:
864:
777:; it was used until 1891. The Jewish cemetery includes around 120 tombs, mostly in Sefardi-style horizontal slabs.
222:
1978:
568:
In 2013 the Chabad Jewish Center in Malta was founded by Rabbi Haim Shalom Segal and his wife, Haya Moshka Segal.
793:
334:
187:
1442:
The Jewish Cemetery of Kalkara, by Lawrence Attard Bezzina (angelfire.com/al/AttardBezzinaLawrenc/Cemetery.html)
512:
388:
rule after that. From 1805 Jews were the targets of campaigns by the Maltese directed against all foreigners.
1576:
110:
84:
410:
to become the first rabbi since 1492. The synagogue, initially in the Tajar residence at 155 Strada Reale,
248:
1275:
781:
774:
732:
728:
709:
176:
2076:
1556:
364:
The majority of the contemporary Maltese Jewish community originates in Jewish immigration from England,
2155:
2143:
2187:
2114:
628:
had been destroyed by Nazi bombing. After the war, they slowly built a chain of five clothing outlets,
356:
315:
2087:
2070:
2182:
2126:
2082:
2050:
1571:
307:
1122:
479:
by the membership. Efforts are being made to arrange for regular Jewish and religious instruction."
2192:
657:
Another prominent Maltese Jewish family, Marco and Clare Aroyo, arrived in Malta in the 1930s from
609:
415:
264:
1371:
2177:
2065:
171:, Book of the Sign. In 2003, the presumed remains of Abulafia and of other Jewish Maltese of the
1566:
2120:
1279:
1007:
958:
933:
688:
562:
141:
1096:
2160:
2149:
797:
572:
522:
400:
243:
148:
129:
106:
30:
687:
George and Gita Tayar were another prominent family; George Tayar was a big shareholder of
2098:
2093:
2019:
1583:
789:
773:
A second burial place for the Maltese Jews was established circa 1836 in a section of the
717:
539:
218:
214:
140:
There are no archeological or documentary findings of Jewish presence in Malta during the
68:
1338:
98:, whose ship according to the legend foundered there in 62 CE. Paul went on to introduce
17:
345:
333:
and the ownership of a building in Strada Mercanti, Valletta, which from 1773 owned the
79:
2219:
2109:
1385:
817:
704:
594:
558:
407:
385:
303:
279:
95:
1484:
1419:
2241:
987:
915:
605:
330:
2231:
831:
785:
755:
751:
713:
681:
621:
468:
448:
439:-raised Nissim Ohayon was appointed as the last rabbi in 1934, serving until 1956.
369:
306:"), including Livorno, London and Amsterdam. Failing rescue, Jews would be sold as
99:
88:
36:
692:
584:
508:
1613:
1541:
Shelley Tayar, “Shalom: An Account of Malta's Jewish Community Since 1800.” 2009
428:
311:
172:
565:
to intervene to ensure that Malta treats all religions equally before the law.
125:
1502:
807:
604:
Hammus and Hannah Reginiano moved to Malta, where he worked as a tailor, from
496:
1314:"Police report filed against Maltese author of a glorifying Hitler biography"
1285:"Pope Disappoints members of the Hindu and Jewish Community - ChakraNews.com"
901:
271:
who had moved to Malta, attracted by the Knights' liberal policy towards the
1604:
Will foreigners looking for tax breaks revive Malta's tiny Jewish community?
1271:
504:
492:
392:
365:
1072:
391:
The first Jewish families to move to Malta were the Abeasis (Abiaziz) from
1247:"Hindus seek Pope's intervention to bring equality of religions in Malta"
872:
666:
658:
648:
640:
550:
526:
436:
411:
396:
373:
322:
291:
253:
231:
152:
49:
1524:
1506:. Paper read to the Jewish Historical Society of England, 28 March 1928
1452:
1301:
766:
762:
724:
484:
456:
432:
349:
295:
156:
647:. In 1948 he served as an interpreter during the trip to Malta of the
743:
670:
652:
633:
616:
488:
452:
381:
377:
299:
227:
160:
133:
1561:
1203:
738:
In 1372 King Fredrick III granted a piece of land at Tabia (today's
1511:
How Shall We Sing?: A Mediterranean Journey Through a Jewish Family
406:
By 1846, the community was large enough to invite Josef Tajar from
865:"The Apostle Paul's Shipwreck | Evidence and Paul's Journeys"
703:
625:
598:
583:
534:
464:
460:
355:
344:
287:
247:
203:
183:
124:
78:
63:
41:
35:
554:
207:
59:
45:
2023:
1617:
571:
In 2023, author Ronald Bugeja appeared on national broadcaster
198:(today's Triq il-Fosos); Jews paid a special tax to the town's
624:. Once released a year later, they found their hat factory in
282:
merchant ships and coastal towns and keep them hostage in the
955:
Ancient Jewish art and archaeology in the diaspora, Volume 35
1274:, president of the Universal Society of Hinduism, and Rabbi
414:, later moved to Spur St (9, Strada Sperone). Following the
94:
Traditionally, the first Jew to have set foot on Malta was
1532:
The Jewesses of Malta: Slaves, Peddlers, Healers, Diviners
651:
football club. He later opened a carpet shop in Tower Rd,
325:, Giuseppe Antonio Cohen, revealed to the authorities the
695:
where they used to live is now called Triq George Tayar.
467:(Reginiano family). Numerous Maltese Jews fought in the
360:
Tayar's textile shop in St George Square, Valletta, 1917
275:, had to continue practicing their religion in secrecy.
1221:
World Jewish Congress, Map, and Guide, June 1953, p. 29
680:
Among the descendants of the first rabbi Jacob Tajar,
529:
brings up to 300 Israeli tourists to Malta each time.
511:
with donations from the United States and the UK. The
2203:
234:
to remain in the country, as did many Sicilian Jews.
83:
Menorah indicating the presence of Jewish burials in
557:
but not as a religion in Malta. In 2010, Jewish and
230:. It is also likely that several dozen Maltese Jews
155:, after being expelled from the Jewish community of
2170:
2136:
2058:
1969:
1931:
1651:
1091:
1089:
403:visited Malta, finding only five Jewish families.
40:Cabinet photo of the family of Jacob Israel, from
1059:
1057:
1055:
1003:Between Scylla and Charybdis: The Jews in Sicily
329:. For his deed, he was granted a pension of 500
159:, retired to live his last years in solitude on
930:Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe, Volume 1
796:, thanks to donations from Jewish English Sir
665:textile shop in Britannia St c/w Zachary St.,
2035:
1629:
194:, was the street along the north side of the
8:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1129:. December 2005. Accessed December 28, 2006.
580:Jewish families in Malta in the 20th century
932:. Cambridge University Press. p. 223.
515:now manages it along with a Jewish Center.
2042:
2028:
2020:
1636:
1622:
1614:
1230:
1228:
673:with his wife Preeti; their two sons were
117:), could have gathered up to 300 persons.
1518:The Jews of Malta in the Late Middle Ages
615:Hirsch Herman and Helene Eder moved from
29:For the play by Christopher Marlowe, see
2268:History of the Jews in Europe by country
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1117:
1115:
1113:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
593:Fortunato Habib (1885-1963) was born in
2210:
1513:, Pan Macmillan/Picador Australia, 2000
1409:MaltaandInternationalFootballCollection
1027:
1025:
1023:
856:
723:Jewish cemeteries in Malta include the
675:killed in a bomb attack in Gaza in 1971
1438:
1436:
1141:"Houses in Merchants Street, Valletta"
521:have been friendly since the former's
327:1749 Muslim slave revolt plot in Malta
318:, still known as the Jews' Sallyport.
1525:The Jewish cemetery at Kalkara, Malta
1381:
1379:
792:, and opened in 1887 adjacent to the
761:A Jewish cemetery was established in
491:. Most contemporary Maltese Jews are
7:
1552:Jewish residents in Malta since 1800
1453:http://www.jstor.org/stable/29778925
1204:"The Jews of Malta - Beit Hatfutsot"
1099:. Jewish Virtual Library. 2013-10-15
213:In 1479 Malta and Sicily came under
163:, where he taught and perhaps wrote
1520:, Midsea Books Limited, Malta, 1985
1097:"Malta Virtual Jewish History Tour"
44:, and his wife Zula Zenzouri, from
894:"Notable Dates in Malta's History"
455:came to Malta, in particular from
175:were symbolically reburied in the
136:from 1285 to his death in the 1291
25:
1557:Malta Virtual Jewish History Tour
765:(Strada Rinella) in 1784 "by the
196:Cathedral of the Assumption, Gozo
2225:
2213:
898:Department of Information, Malta
824:
810:
788:was built in 1879 to designs of
988:Malta and the Jewish Connection
916:Malta and the Jewish Connection
121:Fatimids, Normans and Aragonese
1645:History of the Jews in Europe
770:by the Local Council in 2003.
716:, built in 1879 to designs of
1:
1577:Malta's lengthy Jewish legacy
1536:Studi sull’ Oriente Cristiano
1302:Chabad Jewish Centre of Malta
1182:, Jewish Residents since 1800
845:History of the Jews in Europe
519:Malta's relations with Israel
395:and the Borges da Silva from
261:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
105:Six burial sites with carved
1318:The European Jewish Congress
840:Murder of the Aroyo children
1509:TAYAR, Aline P’nina Tayar,
384:rule from 1798 to 1800 and
380:during the short period of
147:In 1285, the Jewish mystic
2284:
1139:Denaro, Victor F. (1958).
1123:The Jewish Traveler: Malta
1000:Simonsohn, Shlomo (2011).
727:cemetery (1784-1833), the
700:Jewish cemeteries in Malta
513:Jewish Foundation of Malta
241:
226:Sicilian community in the
102:to the island population.
28:
2258:Jews and Judaism in Malta
2253:Jewish history by country
1455:. Accessed 31 Mar. 2024.
953:Hachlili, Rachel (1998).
794:Turkish Military Cemetery
423:shopkeepers and traders.
232:converted to Christianity
18:Jewish Community of Malta
1593:newyorkjewishtravelguide
1572:Jewish Cemetery, Kalkara
1048:newyorkjewishtravelguide
167:, "Words of Beauty", or
2248:Social history of Malta
1350:Alamango, linstant-m.tn
525:. A direct flight from
451:, several Jews fleeing
341:British colonial period
1694:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1600:, by Meir Halevi Gover
1465:jewish-heritage-europe
1372:geni - Fortunato Habib
1034:, by Meir Halevi Gover
957:. Brill. p. 383.
720:
589:
538:) and the traditional
532:The local flat bread (
361:
353:
256:
177:Jewish Cemetery, Marsa
137:
91:
53:
1589:Jewish Heritage Malta
1044:Jewish Heritage Malta
1006:. BRILL. p. 49.
904:on November 25, 2009.
748:Universitate Judeorum
733:Marsa Jewish Cemetery
731:(1836-1891), and the
707:
587:
559:Hindu groups in Malta
553:, is recognized as a
499:prayer book is used.
359:
348:
251:
128:
82:
39:
2263:Immigration to Malta
2051:Immigration to Malta
1516:WETTINGER, Godfrey,
1276:Jonathan B. Freirich
549:Judaism, along with
546:) are both kosher.
447:In the years before
263:, gave Malta to the
252:Jews' Sally Port in
85:St. Paul's Catacombs
1932:States with limited
1291:. 19 February 2010.
928:Noy, David (2005).
775:Ta' Braxia Cemetery
729:Ta' Braxia Cemetery
443:Contemporary period
416:revolutions of 1848
308:indentured servants
265:Knights Hospitaller
2053:(2011 census data)
1582:2021-02-26 at the
1282:and denominations.
1280:minority religions
1180:maltafamilyhistory
721:
590:
362:
354:
316:Auberge de Bavière
257:
138:
92:
54:
2201:
2200:
2017:
2016:
1598:Jewish Malta Yok?
1562:The Jews of Malta
1503:The Jews of Malta
1127:Hadassah Magazine
1032:Jewish Malta Yok?
1013:978-90-04-20361-7
964:978-90-04-10878-3
939:978-0-521-61977-6
689:Marks and Spencer
563:Pope Benedict XVI
427:which recast the
223:Catholic Monarchs
142:Fatimid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
2275:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2021:
1970:Dependencies and
1911:Northern Ireland
1652:Sovereign states
1638:
1631:
1624:
1615:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1251:Timesofmalta.com
1243:
1237:
1232:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1200:
1183:
1177:
1156:
1155:
1148:Melita Historica
1145:
1136:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1071:. Archived from
1061:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1018:
1017:
997:
991:
984:
969:
968:
950:
944:
943:
925:
919:
912:
906:
905:
900:. Archived from
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
871:. Archived from
861:
834:
829:
828:
827:
820:
815:
814:
813:
798:Moses Montefiore
573:Television Malta
471:during the war.
401:Moses Montefiore
352:from Malta, 1807
244:Slavery in Malta
238:Knights of Malta
149:Abraham Abulafia
130:Abraham Abulafia
69:expelled in 1492
31:The Jew of Malta
21:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2166:
2132:
2054:
2048:
2018:
2013:
1971:
1965:
1951:Northern Cyprus
1933:
1927:
1826:North Macedonia
1647:
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1608:Times of Israel
1584:Wayback Machine
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1530:Cassar Carmel,
1523:DAVIS, Derek, "
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782:Jewish Cemetery
735:(opened 1887).
718:Webster Paulson
710:Jewish Cemetery
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661:. They ran the
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608:following the
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335:Monte di PietĂ
304:pidyon shvuyim
273:Jews of Rhodes
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188:Jewish quarter
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286:(prisons) of
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1961:Transnistria
1800:
1607:
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1495:Bibliography
1480:
1471:
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1447:
1426:
1415:
1404:
1393:
1367:
1356:
1345:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1317:
1308:
1297:
1288:
1267:
1257:13 September
1255:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1216:
1207:
1151:
1147:
1134:
1126:
1101:. Retrieved
1077:. Retrieved
1073:the original
1068:
1047:
1039:
1002:
995:
954:
948:
929:
923:
910:
902:the original
897:
888:
877:. Retrieved
873:the original
868:
859:
832:Malta portal
779:
772:
760:
756:Domvs Romana
747:
740:Qbur il-Lhud
739:
737:
722:
662:
644:
629:
570:
567:
548:
543:
540:Maltese loaf
533:
531:
523:independence
517:
501:
481:
477:
473:
469:British Army
449:World War II
446:
425:
419:
405:
390:
370:North Africa
363:
320:
298:, to extort
283:
277:
268:
258:
212:
199:
191:
182:In medieval
181:
168:
165:Imrei Shefer
164:
146:
139:
114:
104:
100:Christianity
93:
89:Rabat, Malta
57:
55:
52:, circa 1900
26:
1999:Isle of Man
1934:recognition
1886:Switzerland
1821:Netherlands
1386:Malta Today
780:Finally, a
663:Swiss House
429:Blood Libel
312:Inquisition
192:il-Giudecco
173:1st century
48:, taken in
2242:Categories
2193:Pakistanis
2077:Bulgarians
1856:San Marino
1816:Montenegro
1796:Luxembourg
1776:Kazakhstan
1679:Azerbaijan
1103:2015-12-22
1079:2015-12-22
990:, Aug 2020
918:, Aug 2020
879:2015-12-22
851:References
321:In 1749 a
242:See also:
200:Universita
169:Sefer haOt
2178:Filipinos
2156:Nigerians
2144:Eritreans
2066:Armenians
1989:Gibraltar
1791:Lithuania
1272:Rajan Zed
1208:bh.org.il
1154:(3): 161.
1065:"Message"
746:) to the
693:San Ä wann
509:Ta' Xbiex
505:synagogue
497:Ashkenazi
393:Gibraltar
366:Gibraltar
269:conversos
132:lived on
75:Antiquity
2188:Lebanese
2115:Russians
2099:Italians
2009:Svalbard
1994:Guernsey
1941:Abkhazia
1916:Scotland
1871:Slovenia
1866:Slovakia
1841:Portugal
1699:Bulgaria
1580:Archived
804:See also
667:Valletta
659:Bulgaria
649:Vasas SC
645:ungerizi
641:Budapest
551:Hinduism
527:Tel Aviv
493:Sephardi
437:Portugal
412:Valletta
397:Portugal
374:Portugal
323:converso
292:Valletta
259:In 1530
254:Valletta
153:Zaragoza
115:gerousia
107:menorahs
50:Valletta
2220:Judaism
2206:Portals
2183:Indians
2163:(1,041)
2161:Somalis
2150:Libyans
2088:Germans
2073:(6,615)
2071:British
1906:England
1896:Ukraine
1846:Romania
1806:Moldova
1764:Ireland
1759:Iceland
1754:Hungary
1744:Germany
1739:Georgia
1729:Finland
1724:Estonia
1719:Denmark
1704:Croatia
1689:Belgium
1684:Belarus
1674:Austria
1669:Armenia
1664:Andorra
1659:Albania
1538:. 2013.
1324:21 June
767:Leghorn
763:Kalkara
725:Kalkara
595:Tripoli
485:England
457:Austria
435:-born,
433:Morocco
408:Tripoli
386:British
350:Ketubah
296:Senglea
280:Ottoman
221:by the
157:Palermo
109:in the
2137:Africa
2127:Swedes
2094:Greeks
2083:French
2059:Europe
2004:Jersey
1946:Kosovo
1891:Turkey
1881:Sweden
1861:Serbia
1851:Russia
1836:Poland
1831:Norway
1811:Monaco
1781:Latvia
1749:Greece
1734:France
1709:Cyprus
1610:, 2019
1010:
961:
936:
744:Mtarfa
682:Ondina
671:Israel
653:Sliema
634:Sliema
617:Vienna
561:urged
489:Israel
453:Nazism
420:Pidion
382:French
378:Turkey
300:ransom
284:bagnos
228:Levant
186:, the
161:Comino
134:Comino
2232:Malta
2152:(403)
2146:(548)
2129:(499)
2123:(541)
2121:Serbs
2117:(603)
2110:Poles
2101:(950)
2090:(745)
2079:(850)
1979:Ă…land
1921:Wales
1876:Spain
1801:Malta
1771:Italy
1485:Marsa
1144:(PDF)
786:Marsa
752:Rabat
714:Marsa
626:Msida
622:Rabat
599:Tunis
535:ftira
465:Libya
461:Italy
331:scudi
288:Birgu
204:Birgu
184:Mdina
151:from
64:Malta
42:Corfu
2171:Asia
2105:Jews
1326:2024
1259:2018
1008:ISBN
959:ISBN
934:ISBN
708:The
630:Haro
555:cult
544:Ħobż
487:and
463:and
376:and
208:Gozo
206:and
60:Jews
56:The
46:Sfax
1125:in
784:in
754:'s
712:in
294:or
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542:(
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20:)
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