2878:(p. 236) FINANCE ... we found that it was impossible, whatever boundaries we might recommend, to set up an Arab State which should be self-supporting.... deficits of ÂŁP.610,000 per annum for the Arab State (including Trans- Jordan) and of ÂŁP.460,000 per annum for the Mandated Territories, but a surplus of ÂŁP.600,000 per annum for the (p. 237) Jewish State. We have found that it is not possible to call upon the Jewish State for a direct subvention to the Arab State, and neither practicable nor equitable to set up an Arab State with a budget so very far from being balanced. We conclude that, if partition is to be carried out, there is no alternative but that Parliament should be asked to provide, in some form, sufficient assistance to enable the Arab State to balance its budget. (p. 246) ... CONCLUSION ... The question whether partition is practicable involves considerations of two kinds: practical and political. The former concern chiefly finance and economics;.... But the financial and economic difficulties, ..., are of such a nature that we can find no possible way to overcome them within our terms of reference. ... we have proposed, ... a modification of partition which, ... seems to us, subject to certain reservations, to form a satisfactory basis of settlement, if His Majesty's Government are prepared to accept the very considerable financial liability involved. There remain the political difficulties. ... But there is still the possibility that both sides may be willing to accept a reasonable compromise.
1952:, who had immigrated there that year, was appointed its leader, as which she continued until her death. The constituent assembly was voted upon in 1920, and 14 women were elected out of the three hundred and fourteen delegates. As well as the increase in the number of women filling public positions, the rate of women participating in the labor force increased steadily during the British mandate period in the Yishuv. With that being said, the employment opportunities at the beginning of the mandate period were very limited and women were mainly restricted to typical female occupations because the only other option would be to work in construction, which only pioneer women committed to as part of their feminist-nationalist outlook because those roles were considered inappropriate for women. Women were consistently more unemployed when compared to their male counterparts, regardless of
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on
American economic aid, the British refused, claiming that they were experiencing too much resistance from the Arabs and Jews already in Palestine and feared what would happen if more were allowed to enter. The refusal to remove the white paper policy angered and radicalized the Yishuv. The Yishuv's militia groups set out to sabotage the British infrastructure in Palestine and continue in their illegal immigration efforts. In 1946, the British responded to the Yishuv's efforts and began a two-week search for Jews suspected of anti-British activities, arresting many of the Haganah's leaders. While the British were busy looking for the Haganah, the Irgun and
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among the Jewish communities. The
British accepted the proposal but on a much smaller scale than the Jewish agency had hoped. They only took Jewish parachutists who were recent immigrants from certain targeted countries that they wanted to infiltrate. The British Special Forces and military intelligence both consented to the volunteers' dual role as British agents and Jewish emissaries. 110 Yishuv members were trained; however only 32 were deployed. Many of them succeeded in helping the POWs and uprisings in the Jewish communities, while others were caught.
176:
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British government had already ruled out). With dissent from some of its members, the
Commission instead recommended a plan that would leave the Galilee under British mandate, but emphasised serious problems with it that included a lack of financial self-sufficiency of the proposed Arab State. The British Government accompanied the publication of the Woodhead Report by a statement of policy rejecting partition as impracticable due to "political, administrative and financial difficulties".
1375:
2157:, the likelihood of a German invasion from the south became a real possibility, causing great anxiety in the Yishuv and prompting plans to be drawn for its defense. Knowing that Nazi control of Palestine meant certain annihilation of the Yishuv, a debate raged among Yishuv leadership whether, in the event Nazi occupation was to take place, the inhabitants of the Yishuv should evacuate together with British forces eastwards towards British possessions in Iraq and India or undertake a
275:
1968:, left the Yishuv's Assembly of Representatives. That year, an official declaration was made (ratified by the mandate government in 1927) confirming "equal rights to women in all aspects of life in the yishuv – civil, political, and economic." In 1935, the establishment of the national organization of religious pioneer women emerged. Its main goal was to improve the material status and spiritual welfare of the religious women workers and gain admittance to the
2203:, the site of the British military command and the British Criminal Investigation Division. This location was chosen because a few weeks before a large quantity of documents was confiscated from the Haganah and brought there. Despite being warned by the Yishuv and told to evacuate the building the British officials decided not to cave in to the pressure. The Yishuv attacked anyway, resulting in 91 deaths, 28 of who were British and 17 who were
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1939:
optimism that existed in the beginning of the
British mandate soon diminished due to continued hardships in the Yishuv. Most of the European funds that supported the Jewish settlements before World War I ended. The Arabs, opposed to the Balfour Declaration and the Mandate, instigated riots against the Jews. The British limited immigration through yearly quotas; only those who received "certificates" could make Aliyah.
74:
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2013:, which stated that Palestine after economic development could support only 20,000 more immigrant families without infringing on the Arab population's placement and employment. It therefore attempted to curtail immigration to Palestine. Upon Jewish criticism of this policy, it was clarified that immigration would not be stopped entirely but would be restricted by quotas.
2046:(AHC). It declared a national strike in support of three basic demands: cessation of Jewish immigration, an end to all further land sales to the Jews, and the establishment of an Arab national government. The Arabs threatened that if the British didn't comply with their demands then they would join the adversaries of the British. This concerned the British for
1931:. The British Mandate was formalized in 1922 based on the Balfour Declaration. The British were supposed to help the Jews build a national home and promote the creation of self-governing institutions. The mandate provided for an agency in which the Jews could represent Jewish interests and promote Jewish immigration. It was called the
2067:
Arab agricultural boycott that began in 1936 forced the Jewish economy into even greater self-sufficiency. The
Haganah during this period changed from being a small clandestine militia to a large military force. The British security forces at this time cooperated with the Haganah to respond to the Arabs.
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For the 400 years of
Ottoman rule in Jerusalem there was a Jewish community living inside the walls of the Old City. The community, which we call the "Old Yishuv", was not a single, cohesive unit. Until the early 19th century the community consisted mainly of Sephardic Jews, descendants of the exiles
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from coming into effect, began to attack and besiege the Jews. The
British sided with the Arabs in an attempt to prevent the Yishuv from arming themselves. Jerusalem was held under a siege with no access to weapons, food or water. The Provisional Government seemed helpless until it received a large
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The Arab Revolt broke out again in the autumn of 1937. The
British ended the revolt using harsh measures, deporting many Palestinian Arab leaders and shutting down the AHC. In the Yishuv, the Arab Revolt reinforced the already firm belief in the need for a strong Jewish defence network. Finally, the
1959:
Not only were non-religious women fighting for equality, but so were religious women. Female religious
Zionists were faced with double the amount of barriers of non-religious female Zionists because they were rejected from religious society because of their gender and they were rejected from secular
2252:
During the Jaffa riots in 1921, thousands of Jewish residents of Jaffa fled for Tel Aviv and were temporarily housed in tent camps on the beach. Tel Aviv, which had previously been lobbying for independent status, became a separate city due in part to the riots. However Tel Aviv was still dependent
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Hundreds of thousands of
Holocaust survivors were being held in Displaced Persons Camp (DP Camps) aching to go to Mandatory Palestine. The British received much international pressure, specifically from U.S. president Harry Truman, to change their policy on immigration. Despite Britain's dependence
1992:
after the fourth Aliyah – 133 Jews were killed by Arab mobs during the 1929 riots. The Arabs claimed that Jewish immigration and land purchases were displacing them and taking their jobs away. These riots were also instigated by false rumours that the Jews were planning on building a synagogue near
2230:
This operation's success helped Harry S. Truman recognize that the Jews would be able to protect themselves. The United States decided therefore, it would support the establishment of a Jewish state. On May 14, 1948, the Jews proclaimed the independent state of Israel and the British withdrew from
2210:
By 1947 the British had 100,000 troops in Palestine trying to maintain order and protect themselves. The British mandate was a major expense to the Exchequer, forcing them to present the Palestine problem to the United Nations on May 15, 1947. The United Nations proposed a partition of the British
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The Yishuv wanted to help their fellow Jews, who were being murdered by the Nazis in Europe. Many Jews from Europe were prevented from fleeing to Mandatory Palestine by strict immigration quotas established by the white papers. The Jewish Agency organized illegal immigration from 1939 through 1942
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in 1948. The term came into use in the 1880s, when there were about 25,000 Jews living in that region, and continued to be used until 1948, by which time there were some 630,000 Jews there. The term is still in use to denote the pre-1948 Jewish residents in Palestine, corresponding to the southern
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The Yishuv also wanted to help on the front lines in Europe to try to save Jews from the Nazi atrocities. In 1942 the Jewish agency turned to the British to offer their assistance by sending Jewish volunteers to Europe as emissaries of the Yishuv to organize local resistance and rescue operations
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reported, in July 1937, that the British obligations to the Arabs and Zionists were irreconcilable and the mandate unworkable. It suggested the partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states, with the British mandate governing over Nazareth, Bethlehem, and Jerusalem along with a corridor from
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term was coined by members of the 'New Yishuv' in the late 19th century to distinguish themselves from the economically dependent and generally earlier Jewish communities, who mainly resided in the four holy cities, and unlike the New Yishuv, had not embraced land ownership and agriculture. Apart
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to detail the plan. The Woodhead Commission considered three different plans, one of which was based on the Peel plan. Reporting in 1938, the Commission rejected the Peel plan primarily on the grounds that it could not be implemented without a massive forced transfer of Arabs (an option that the
1938:
Along with a Jewish agency there was to be a general self-governing institution created in Palestine including Jews and Arabs. The Yishuv feared such an institution due to the Arab majority, but none was created in the end due to the Arabs' refusal to cooperate with the Jews or the British. The
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Despite the reports of Nazi atrocities and the desperation of Jews needing a safe haven the British kept the gates of Palestine almost closed to Jewish immigration. The Zionist leaders met at the Biltmore Hotel in New York in May 1942 and called for unrestricted Jewish immigration and the
1972:. This organization grew from eight-hundred members in 1935 to six-thousand members in 1948. Women gained rights with the establishment of the religious kibbutz movement by participating in Torah studies with men and by taking part in the co-ed activities that the Kibbutz offered.
1947:
Many women who immigrated to Israel came out of national Zionist motives; they wanted the same rights as men and wanted to rebuild their land. In 1919 the first nationwide women's party in the New Yishuv (the Union of Hebrew Women for Equal Rights in Eretz Israel) was created, and
1903:, who were to fight on the front of Palestine. They helped in the British capture of Ottoman Syria (including Palestine), leading to the Turkish surrender. The members of the Zion Mule Corps later made up the Yishuv's defence groups that would fight against the British.
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1822:
was the very beginning of the creation of the New Yishuv. More than 25,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine. The immigrants were inspired by the notion of creating a national home for Jews. Most of the Jewish immigrants came from Russia, escaping the
2016:
There were many Jewish immigrants that arrived throughout the 1930s in the fifth Aliyah, despite the immigration quotas. Many who came were fleeing persecution in Eastern Europe. Those that came from Nazi Germany were able to come because of the
1895:, was established to pass information to the British in the hope of defeating the Ottomans and ending their rule over Palestine. The purpose and members of the Nili were discovered. All involved were executed by the Ottomans except its founder,
1899:, who escaped to Egypt. During World War I, the Jewish population in Palestine diminished by a third due to deportations, immigration, economic trouble and disease. During World War I, there were two British battalions of Jews, called the
1265:
Jews who had emigrated from Europe in the 18th and early 19th centuries. A third wave was constituted by Yishuv members who arrived in the late 19th century. The Old Yishuv was thus generally divided into two independent communities – the
2029:
The increasing numbers of Jewish immigrants and land purchases, unchallenged by the British Mandate, angered and radicalized many Arabs. In April 1936, Arabs attacked a Jewish bus, leading to a series of incidents that escalated into a
1787:
The Ottoman government was not supportive of the new settlers from the First and Second Aliyah, as the Ottoman government officially restricted Jewish immigration. The Yishuv relied on money from abroad to support their settlements.
532:
refers to those who adopted a new approach, based on economic independence and various national ideologies, rather than strictly religious reasons for settling in the "Holy Land". The precursors began building homes outside the
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There were two periods during the war when the Yishuv faced a direct threat from Nazi forces. The first occurred following Germany's conquest of France in 1940, since the pro-Nazi Vichy regime controlled the northern
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from Spain with Ashkenazi (Hassidic and Mitnagdim) and Mizrahi Jews in minority representation. Beginning with the mid-18th century Ashkenazi Jews begin to settle in the city, but not for extended periods.
1883:, the conditions for the Jews in the Ottoman Empire worsened. All those Jews who were of an enemy nationality were exiled and others were drafted into the Ottoman army. Many of those exiled fled to
2240:
1956:. The wages for working women were consistently lower than the wages of their male counterparts, and throughout the Yishuv period, the average wage for women were 50 to 70 percent of male's wage.
2316:, which was responsible for education, local government, welfare, security and defense. It also voted on the budgets proposed by the Jewish National Council and the Rabbinical Council.
1807:, a Zionist self-defence group, was created to protect the Jewish settlements. Labor organizations were created along with health and cultural services, all later coordinated by the
2058:
Jerusalem to the coast. The Jews accepted the general principle of a partition while the Arabs refused any partition plan. The British government sent a technical team called the
2211:
Mandate for Palestine into 2 states—Arab and Jewish (UN Resolution 181). The Jews accepted it, while the Arabs stated that they would do everything in their power to prevent it.
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Vichy forces for control of Syria and Lebanon, thus removing the threat of invasion from the north, at least as long as German armies in Eastern Europe could be held back by the
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2125:. Compared with the number of attempts, few ships actually arrived successfully to Mandatory Palestine, but tens of thousands of Jews were saved by the illegal immigration.
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Statement by His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of His Majesty November, 1938.
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2090:. It allowed for a total of only 75,000 Jews to enter Palestine over a five-year period. During this time the Yishuv entered a period of relative peace with the Arabs.
1891:. Those who remained in the Ottoman ruled Palestine faced hard economic times. There was disagreement whether to support the British or the Turks. A clandestine group,
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1799:, for land acquisition, agricultural settlement and training, and later for urban expansion. The first Hebrew high schools were opened in Palestine as well as the
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1222:) for living, as opposed to the later Zionist aliyah and the New Yishuv, who were more socialist-leaning and secular, emphasizing labor and self-sufficiency.
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2078:(SNS) that were composed mostly of Haganah members. SNS used the element of surprise in night raids to protect the Jewish settlements and attack the Arabs.
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2021:. This allowed Jews to escape from Germany to Palestine in return for paying a ransom to the Reich. By then, the Yishuv had a population of about 400,000.
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2260:, which left 133 Jews dead, the Jewish community members of Gaza and Hebron were ordered to evacuate by the British forces, in fear of their security.
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shipment of arms from Czechoslovakia. The Haganah started fighting offensively from April through May. The Haganah mounted a full-scale military plan,
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2892:"Policy statement/ Advice against partition - UK Secretary of State for the Colonies - UK documentation CMD. 5893/Non-UN document (11 November 1938)"
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The 1920 Nabi Musa riots left four Arabs and five Jews killed, with 216 Jews and 23 Arabs wounded. The majority of the victims were members of the
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2042:, a radical splinter group, launched a campaign of attacks against Arabs. A coalition of recently formed Arab political parties formed the
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and activated for some ten months, until August, 1946. The alliance coordinated acts of sabotage and attacks against British authorities.
2034:. The British were caught by surprise and were unable to prevent the deaths of thousands of Arabs and hundreds of Jews in the revolt. The
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2103:. This was a dangerous operation, for these illegal immigrants arrived by boat and had to be careful not to be caught by the British or
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Great Britain, 1930: Report of the Commission on the disturbances of August 1929, Command paper 3530 (Shaw Commission report), p. 65.
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1988:. The Arabs tried to show the British the instability of Palestine and that a Jewish homeland was ungovernable. Riots increased in
2173:, thus lifting the threat of invasion from the south. The anxious time leading to the Nazi loss at El Alamein became known as the
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of 1882, followed by the founding of neighbourhoods and villages until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.
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on Jaffa, which supplied it with food and services, and was the place of employment for most residents of the new city.
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also immigrated during the first Aliyah. Ben-Yehuda took it upon himself to revive the Hebrew language, and along with
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Brief History of Palestine, Israel and the Israeli Palestinian Conflict (Arab-Israeli conflict, Middle East Conflict)
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Kaniel, Yehoshua (1981). "The Terms 'Old Yishuv' and 'New Yishuv': Problems of Definition". In Levine, Lee I. (ed.).
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1927:. There was a hope that British control would allow the creation of a Jewish national homeland as promised in the
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were ousted from the city by local Arab residents. The same fate was forced on the ancient Jewish community of
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and the consolidation of the New Yishuv by the end of World War I in 1918 and the establishment of the British
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469:) of 1882, and to their descendants until 1948. The Old Yishuv residents were religious Jews, living mainly in
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from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, the siege of Jerusalem was broken, allowing supplies to be brought into the city.
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513:. In the final centuries before modern Zionism, a large part of the Old Yishuv spent their time studying the
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1831:. Hovevei Zion purchased land from Arabs and other Ottoman subjects and created various settlements such as
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1334:, although established in 1878 by the Old Yishuv, nevertheless was also supported by the arriving Zionists.
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and thus unable to easily advance towards the Near East from the north. In 1942 however, as Erwin Rommel's
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During the Second Aliyah, between 1903 and 1914, there were 35,000 new immigrants, primarily from Russia.
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2161:-like last stand in Palestine, likely doing so in a fortified zone to be hastily constructed around the
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with the help of the Haganah. Those who arrived illegally to Israel during this time were part of the
1997:. These riots led to the evacuation of Hebron's indigenous – largely non-Zionist – Jewish population.
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2312:, elected on 25 January, was sworn in. The Assembly met once a year to elect the executive body, the
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1989:
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2169:. Fortunately for the Yishuv, the advance of German forces eastwards in Egypt was halted during the
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The Assembly of Representatives was the elected parliamentary assembly of the Jewish community in
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World War I ended, along with the Ottoman Empire. Britain gained control of Palestine through the
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NA 59/8/353/84/867n, 404 Wailing Wall/279 and 280, Archdale Diary and Palestinian Police records.
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2308:. It was established on 19 April 1920, and functioned until 13 February 1949, the day before the
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The Old Yishuv developed after a period of severe decline in Jewish communities of the Southern
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1811:. By 1914, the old Yishuv was a minority, and the New Yishuv began to express itself and its
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Caplan, N. (2019). The Israel-Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories. United States: Wiley.
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A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel,
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2137:, from which an invasion of Palestine could take place. However, in 1941 British forces
1855:. These agricultural settlements were supported by philanthropists from abroad, chiefly
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One a day: an anthology of Jewish historical anniversaries for every day of the year
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List of villages depopulated during the Arab-Israeli conflict § Jewish villages
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started a school for teaching Hebrew, later on founding the first Hebrew newspaper.
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carried out attacks on British forces. The most famous of their attacks was on the
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1214:. The Old Yishuv had continuously resided in Palestine and was largely made up of
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2633:"The Complex Identity of Religious-Zionist Women in Pre-State Israel, 1921–1948"
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The British worked with their Arab allies to bring a halt to the AHC riots. The
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the Jewish (for HaYehudi) / Hebrew (for HaIvri) Community in the Land of Israel
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1827:, while some arrived from Yemen. Many of the immigrants were affiliated with
459:. The Old Yishuv refers to all the Jews living in Palestine before the first
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walls of Jerusalem in the 1860s, followed soon after by the founders of the
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of Judaism, which had flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; and the
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1233:, and was composed of three clusters. The oldest group consisted of the
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2249:. About 300 Jews from the Old City were evacuated following the riots.
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1961:
1812:
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from the Old Yishuv centres in the four holy cities of Judaism, namely
1271:
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864:
689:
538:
518:
506:
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1282:, whose immigration from Europe was primarily since the 18th century.
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Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel: Life History, Politics, and Culture
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was just beginning and they knew they would need Middle Eastern oil.
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2838:"Religious Zionist Movements in Palestine | Jewish Women's Archive"
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Kark, Ruth; Shilo, Margalit; Hasan-Rokem, Galit (15 March 2009).
2494:
From Empire To Empire: Jerusalem Between Ottoman and British Rule
3125:
2734:"Second Aliyah: Women's Experience and Their Role in the Yishuv"
1892:
604:
420:
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2753:"Timeline of Women and Women's Issues in the Yishuv and Israel"
2463:
Imperial Designs: War, Humiliation & the Making of History
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67:
26:
2235:
Evacuations and expulsions of Jews under the British Mandate
3055:
Pre-State Israel (Palestine/Eretz Israel) Table of Contents
1919:
into French-ruled Syria and Lebanon and British-controlled
3080:
315:
Palestine (Ottoman Syria, OETA South, Mandatory Palestine)
2810:
Pioneers and Homemakers: Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel
2086:
The British suppressed the Arab revolt and published the
2784:"Women in the Yishuv Workforce | Jewish Women's Archive"
2107:. Many of these ships sank or were caught, such as the
1342:
in 1882, could be considered the true beginning of the
1198:
The Old Yishuv were the Jewish communities of southern
2496:, Abigail Jacobson, Syracuse University Press, page 51
2223:. After much fighting and the crucial construction of
2505:
Destruction and Reconstruction – the Jewish Quarter.
1253:
who settled in Eretz Yisrael in the Ottoman and late
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98:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2932:
1960:society because of their religiosity In 1926, the
2285:Assembly of Representatives (Mandatory Palestine)
2005:The British responded to the Arab riots with the
1964:, who preferred not to face the possibility of a
3471:Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America
3004:Assembly of Representatives (Assefat Hanivharim)
2631:Rosenberg-Friedman, Lilach (18 September 2006).
2441:Ethnicity, Religion and Class in Israeli Society
3501:International Fellowship of Christians and Jews
3491:Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland
3060:Israel - The Jewish Community under the Mandate
3016:The origins and challenges of Israeli democracy
2165:. This military operation was officially named
2716:"Searching for the banner of the Hebrew woman"
2616:Baron Edmond De Rothschild 86. August 20, 1931
2363:The most notable Jewish paramilitaries in the
1791:In 1908, the Zionist Organization founded the
3096:
2868:
2866:
2618:. JTA Archive, The Global Jewish News Source.
2038:protected the Yishuv's settlements while the
1803:, the first institution for higher learning.
1768:
1179:
447:A distinction is sometimes drawn between the
8:
260:
2982:Palestine Through History: A Chronology (I)
2626:
2624:
404:
61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3527:
3466:Women's International Zionist Organization
3103:
3089:
3081:
2585:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1775:
1761:
1353:
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2383:, those organizations joined to form the
1739:Demographic history of Palestine (region)
1734:History of the Jews in the Land of Israel
243:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
158:Learn how and when to remove this message
2381:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
2186:establishment of a Jewish commonwealth.
183:This article includes a list of general
3032:History of the Jewish Agency for Israel
2432:
1705:
1649:
1579:
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1412:Jews who remained in the Land of Israel
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1350:Beginning of modern Aliyah (New Yishuv)
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2575:. Vol. 1. Jerusalem. p. 235.
2531:Princeton University Press, 2008 p.104
2439:Eliezer Ben-Rafael and Stephen Sharo,
2421:Violent conflicts involving the Yishuv
2267:of 1936–1939, the Jewish residents of
1338:, the first settlement founded by the
1306:, smaller communities also existed in
3782:Jews and Judaism in Ottoman Palestine
3575:Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict
2915:
2807:Bernstein, Deborah (1 January 1992).
2190:Mandatory Palestine post World War II
325:Hebrew, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, Yiddish
7:
3560:UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86
2999:
2997:
2443:, Cambridge University Press, pages
485:. There were smaller communities in
310:Regions with significant populations
96:adding citations to reliable sources
3777:Jews and Judaism in Ottoman Galilee
3767:Demographics of Mandatory Palestine
3555:UN General Assembly Resolution 3379
401:HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el
385:
366:
3807:Words and phrases in Modern Hebrew
1688:Ministry of Aliyah and Integration
427:prior to the establishment of the
189:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3570:Israeli–Palestinian peace process
2406:Jewish exodus from Arab countries
2153:with the intent of capturing the
1257:. A second group was composed of
1218:dependent on external donations (
42:This article has multiple issues.
3496:Institute for Zionist Strategies
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3361:Zionist Organization of America
2939:. Metropolitan Books. pp.
2544:, KTAV Publishing House, 1987,
2379:. In October, 1945, during the
2214:The AHC, determined to prevent
1115:Applicability of religious laws
455:
83:needs additional citations for
50:or discuss these issues on the
3711:Zionism as settler colonialism
3366:Zionist Organization of Canada
3196:Revival of the Hebrew language
1588:Revival of the Hebrew language
1417:Homeland for the Jewish people
1:
3797:Society of the Ottoman Empire
3792:Jews from Mandatory Palestine
3772:Demographics of Ottoman Syria
3446:Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)
3371:Religious Zionists of America
3356:Zionist Federation of Germany
1206:, up to the onset of Zionist
1098:History of Palestine (region)
675:Hebron massacre (August 1834)
232:Jews in Palestine before 1948
3706:Progressive except Palestine
2874:"Woodhead commission report"
2387:. It was established by the
2365:British Mandate of Palestine
2279:Parliamentary representation
1861:Alphonse James de Rothschild
1744:Historical Jewish population
670:Plunder of Safed (June 1834)
3701:Muslim supporters of Israel
2298:Assembly of Representatives
2171:Second Battle of El Alamein
1933:Jewish Agency for Palestine
1598:Hebraization of place names
3823:
3787:Jews in the Land of Israel
3721:Zionist political violence
3686:Jewish political movements
3456:Jewish Resistance Movement
3346:World Zionist Organization
3211:Zionism, race and genetics
3041:Retrieved on 27 April 2012
3030:Jewish Agency for Israel,
2385:Jewish Resistance Movement
2348:
2282:
2238:
1907:During the British Mandate
1857:Edmond James de Rothschild
1658:World Zionist Organization
726:Abraham ben Eliezer Halevi
660:Revival of Tiberias (1563)
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521:), donated by Jews in the
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3481:American Zionist Movement
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2659:– via Project MUSE.
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3386:Jewish Agency for Israel
3201:Hebraization of surnames
3191:Negation of the Diaspora
2649:10.2979/ISR.2006.11.3.83
2416:Palestine Final Fortress
2181:The Biltmore declaration
2167:Palestine Final Fortress
1982:riots throughout 1920–21
1668:Jewish Agency for Israel
1593:Hebraization of surnames
266:
3391:Jewish National Council
3351:Zionist General Council
2991:The Palestine Chronicle
2935:One Palestine, Complete
2314:Jewish National Council
2025:The 1936–39 Arab revolt
1809:Jewish National Council
1021:Great Academy of Paris
665:Sack of Tiberias (1660)
517:and lived off charity (
376:'settlement'),
204:more precise citations.
3736:Conservatism in Israel
3451:Jewish Party (Romania)
2738:Jewish Women's Archive
2675:Jewish Women's Archive
2569:The Jerusalem Cathedra
2301:
2009:. It was based on the
1942:
1469:Aliyah in modern times
690:Moshavot establishment
645:Manuel I decree (1496)
640:Alhambra decree (1492)
566:
3486:Am Yisrael Foundation
2292:
2044:Arab Higher Committee
1984:in opposition to the
1954:cyclical fluctuations
1913:Sykes–Picot Agreement
1698:Am Yisrael Foundation
1545:from the Soviet Union
1518:from Muslim countries
1212:Mandate for Palestine
560:
399:settlement'), or
340:Related ethnic groups
3741:Liberalism in Israel
3716:Zionist antisemitism
3540:Chronology of Aliyah
3426:World Agudath Israel
3376:Jewish National Fund
2751:Reinharz, Shulamit.
2604:A History of Zionism
2258:1929 Palestine riots
2076:Special Night Squads
2032:major Arab rebellion
1970:Ha-Po'el ha-Mizrachi
1915:, which partitioned
1663:Jewish National Fund
935:Mishkenot Sha'ananim
509:, and until 1779 in
92:improve this article
3681:Jewish emancipation
3565:Timeline of Zionism
3550:Balfour Declaration
3181:Gathering of Israel
2320:Paramilitary forces
2306:Mandatory Palestine
2139:successfully fought
2094:During World War II
2088:White Paper of 1939
2082:White Paper of 1939
2060:Woodhead Commission
2011:Hope Simpson Report
2007:White Paper of 1939
1986:Balfour Declaration
1929:Balfour Declaration
1678:Mossad LeAliyah Bet
1395:Gathering of Israel
1216:ultra-Orthodox Jews
1147:Haredim and Zionism
720:Obadiah MiBartenura
685:Jerusalem expansion
680:Safed attack (1838)
442:Mandatory Palestine
262:
3545:History of Zionism
3069:2008-12-03 at the
3037:2012-03-17 at the
2987:2012-02-12 at the
2671:"Rosa Welt-Straus"
2540:Abraham P. Bloch,
2515:2013-04-01 at the
2302:
2221:Operation Nachshon
1867:Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
1572:from Latin America
1488:during World War I
1122:History of Zionism
1061:Johanan ben Zakai
798:Haim Aharon Valero
584:Pre-Zionist Aliyah
567:
463:immigration wave (
440:in 1917–1920, and
3749:
3748:
3676:Jewish Autonomism
3583:
3582:
3535:History of Israel
3511:Birthright Israel
2950:978-0-8050-4848-3
2820:978-0-7914-0905-3
2701:978-1-58465-808-5
2550:978-0-88125-108-1
2473:978-1-61234-624-3
2466:. Potomac Books.
2401:History of Israel
2345:British Palestine
2325:Ottoman Palestine
2175:200 days of dread
2019:Haavara Agreement
1785:
1784:
1441:Pre-Modern Aliyah
1231:early Middle Ages
1196:
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1132:Pre-Modern Aliyah
1104:History of Israel
817:Etrog cultivation
634:Nachmanides Aliya
607:community in the
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279:Jewish yishuv in
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16:(Redirected from
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3726:Zio (pejorative)
3696:Muscular Judaism
3666:New antisemitism
3646:List of Zionists
3600:Independence Day
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2458:Tripathi, Deepak
2454:
2448:
2437:
2300:, September 1944
2296:at the Yishuv's
2205:Palestinian Jews
2201:King David Hotel
2163:Carmel Mountains
2070:In 1938 Captain
1980:There were Arab
1950:Rosa Welt-Straus
1793:Palestine Office
1777:
1770:
1763:
1637:Development town
1620:One Million Plan
1377:
1354:
1276:Four Holy Cities
1251:Musta'arabi Jews
1239:Sephardic Jewish
1188:
1181:
1174:
1154:Edah HaChareidis
1110:Four Holy Cities
1089:Related articles
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1077:Tifereth Israel
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656:massacres (1517)
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289:Total population
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3071:Wayback Machine
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1897:Aaron Aaronsohn
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1729:Jewish refugees
1693:Nefesh B'Nefesh
1625:Immigrant camps
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762:Yehuda he-Hasid
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378:HaYishuv HaIvri
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917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
895:
892:
891:
887:
886:
884:
883:
882:
881:
874:
862:
856:
853:
852:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
813:
810:
809:
805:
804:
802:
801:
795:
789:
786:Aaron Hershler
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
732:Levi ibn Habib
729:
723:
717:
711:
704:
701:
700:
696:
695:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
647:
642:
637:
630:
627:
626:
622:
621:
609:Land of Israel
603:
595:
594:
571:
568:
554:
551:
444:in 1920–1948.
353:
352:
342:
341:
337:
336:
332:
331:
327:
326:
322:
321:
317:
316:
312:
311:
307:
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299:
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291:
290:
286:
285:
278:
270:
269:
256:
251:
250:
231:
228:
227:
182:
180:
173:
166:
165:
80:
78:
71:
66:
40:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3819:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3742:
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3734:
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3729:
3727:
3724:
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3714:
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3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3656:The Holocaust
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Jerusalem Day
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Yom HaZikaron
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
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3536:
3533:
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3526:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3323:Organizations
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3278:Proto-Zionism
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Promised Land
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Law of Return
3159:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2898:on 2013-11-03
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2800:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2765:on 2015-06-13
2761:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:(3): 83–107.
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2389:Jewish Agency
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:first Knesset
2307:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2149:swept across
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Ottoman Syria
1914:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:United States
1886:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Nissim Bechar
1868:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:Rishon LeZion
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:Arthur Ruppin
1794:
1789:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1650:Organizations
1648:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Youth village
1613:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:from Ethiopia
1560:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1432:Law of Return
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:Promised Land
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Rishon LeZion
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:Sephardi Jews
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Mamluk period
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:Ottoman Syria
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
936:
932:
929:
925:
924:
923:
920:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
879:
875:
872:
868:
867:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
854:
849:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
812:
811:
806:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
768:Haim Abulafia
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:Moses Galante
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
710:
706:
705:
703:
702:
697:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
655:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
635:
632:
631:
629:
628:
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
597:
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
569:
564:
559:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
452:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
434:Ottoman Syria
430:
426:
423:residents in
422:
402:
398:
392:
383:
379:
373:
364:
360:
351:
347:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
282:
281:Rishon Lezion
276:
271:
264:
255:
247:
244:
235:
224:
221:
213:
203:
199:
193:
192:
186:
181:
172:
171:
162:
159:
151:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109: –
108:
104:
103:Find sources:
97:
93:
87:
86:
81:This article
79:
75:
70:
69:
64:
62:
55:
54:
49:
48:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
3671:Not one inch
3661:Antisemitism
3651:Anti-Zionism
3610:Yom HaAliyah
3406:Habonim Dror
3336:Hovevei Zion
3273:Post-Zionism
3165:
3156:Jewish state
3026:
3018:
3011:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2934:
2923:
2916:Segev (1999)
2911:
2900:. Retrieved
2896:the original
2885:
2877:
2856:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:
2809:
2802:
2791:. Retrieved
2787:
2778:
2767:. Retrieved
2760:the original
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2690:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2640:
2636:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2568:
2561:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2523:
2506:
2501:
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2462:
2452:
2440:
2435:
2411:Mizrahi Jews
2362:
2359:Lehi (group)
2328:
2303:
2262:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2229:
2213:
2209:
2193:
2184:
2151:North Africa
2147:Afrika Korps
2131:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2097:
2085:
2074:created the
2072:Orde Wingate
2069:
2065:
2052:
2048:World War II
2028:
2015:
2004:
2001:White papers
1995:Western Wall
1979:
1958:
1946:
1937:
1910:
1878:
1875:
1865:
1829:Hovevei Zion
1820:First Aliyah
1817:
1790:
1786:
1749:Yom HaAliyah
1713:
1673:Youth Aliyah
1567:from Romania
1343:
1340:Hovevei Zion
1286:
1284:
1247:Judeo-Arabic
1224:
1197:
899:Musta'arabim
851:Philanthropy
792:Jacob Saphir
707:Nachmanides
580:Ottoman Jews
561:Jews at the
553:Ottoman rule
547:First Aliyah
529:
527:
464:
454:
448:
446:
436:until 1918,
400:
377:
358:
356:
257:Ethnic group
254:
239:
234:
216:
210:October 2023
207:
188:
154:
148:October 2023
145:
135:
128:
121:
114:
102:
90:Please help
85:verification
82:
58:
51:
45:
44:Please help
41:
3521:History and
3288:Non-Zionism
3283:Neo-Zionism
3248:Revisionist
3206:Judaization
2265:Arab revolt
2263:During the
2231:Palestine.
1925:Transjordan
1881:World War I
1557:from Poland
1550:post-Soviet
1332:Petah Tikva
1229:during the
1142:Three Oaths
1003:Petah Tikva
928:Mea Shearim
890:Communities
878:Judah Touro
744:Joseph Nasi
738:Jacob Berab
699:Key figures
543:Petah Tikva
419:) were the
386:הישוב העברי
202:introducing
3756:Categories
3401:Bnei Akiva
3381:Poale Zion
3308:Yiddishist
3230:Ideologies
3186:Settlement
2929:Segev, Tom
2902:2014-11-11
2847:2016-12-13
2793:2016-12-13
2769:2016-12-13
2479:10 January
2427:References
2247:old Yishuv
2239:See also:
2225:a new road
2155:Suez Canal
2101:Aliyah Bet
1966:plebiscite
1849:Nes Tziona
1837:Rosh Pinna
1580:Absorption
1508:Aliyah Bet
1455:Old Yishuv
1344:New Yishuv
1287:Old Yishuv
1237:-speaking
1012:Synagogues
998:Shefa-'Amr
993:Kafr Yasif
871:Montefiore
822:Winemaking
780:Haim Farhi
625:Key events
592:Old Yishuv
576:Old Yishuv
570:Old Yishuv
530:New Yishuv
456:New Yishuv
450:Old Yishuv
438:OETA South
350:New Yishuv
346:Old Yishuv
185:references
118:newspapers
47:improve it
3630:Rabin Day
3615:Herzl Day
3523:timelines
3331:Histadrut
3303:Canaanism
3298:Christian
3258:Religious
3150:proposals
2720:TheMarker
2657:144067471
2581:cite book
2554:M1 p. 278
2367:were the
2331:Bar-Giora
1921:Palestine
1642:Austerity
1630:Ma'abarot
1292:Jerusalem
1259:Ashkenazi
1249:speaking
922:Jerusalem
904:Sephardim
800:(d. 1923)
794:(d. 1886)
788:(d. 1873)
782:(d. 1820)
776:(d. 1788)
770:(d. 1744)
764:(d. 1700)
758:(d. 1696)
752:(d. 1689)
746:(d. 1579)
740:(d. 1546)
734:(d. 1545)
728:(d. 1528)
722:(d. 1515)
716:(d. 1507)
528:The term
471:Jerusalem
425:Palestine
395:'the
320:Languages
53:talk page
3588:Holidays
3396:Mizrachi
3263:Cultural
3146:Homeland
3119:Concepts
3067:Archived
3035:Archived
2985:Archived
2931:(1999).
2876:. 1938.
2694:. UPNE.
2606:, p. 153
2513:Archived
2460:(2013).
2395:See also
2339:Hashomer
2143:Red Army
2122:Bulgaria
1887:and the
1853:Rechovot
1805:Hashomer
1801:Technion
1795:, under
1460:Perushim
1405:Negation
1400:Diaspora
1382:Concepts
1359:a series
1357:Part of
1300:Tiberias
1274:and the
1245:and the
1127:Timeline
953:Tiberias
909:Perushim
842:Textiles
832:Printing
709:(d.1270)
535:Old City
523:Diaspora
479:Tiberias
453:and the
432:part of
330:Religion
107:"Yishuv"
3802:Zionism
3461:Palmach
3416:Haganah
3268:Federal
3238:General
3148: (
3112:Zionism
3019:Haaretz
2941:173–190
2842:jwa.org
2788:jwa.org
2369:Haganah
2351:Haganah
2335:Hamagen
2273:Peki'in
2036:Haganah
1976:History
1962:haredim
1879:During
1825:pogroms
1815:goals.
1813:Zionist
1610:Kibbutz
1538:Lebanon
1533:Morocco
1422:Zionism
1328:Shfaram
1316:Peki'in
1272:Galilee
1263:Hasidic
1243:Galilee
1220:Halukka
1202:in the
1063:(1600s)
1055:(1570s)
1039:(1490s)
1037:Abuhav
1029:Ramban
983:Shechem
973:Peki'in
914:Hasidim
865:Halukka
827:Banking
808:Economy
617:Ottoman
565:, 1870s
539:moshava
519:halukka
507:Shfaram
495:Peki'in
461:Zionist
408:
393:
374:
335:Judaism
305:630,000
198:improve
132:scholar
3762:Yishuv
3476:Aytzim
3253:Reform
3166:Yishuv
3141:Yerida
3136:Aliyah
2947:
2817:
2698:
2655:
2548:
2470:
2371:, the
2357:, and
2159:Masada
2135:Levant
2116:Struma
2110:Patria
1859:. and
1841:Gedera
1724:Yerida
1714:Yishuv
1513:Bricha
1498:Fourth
1483:Second
1367:Aliyah
1324:Nablus
1296:Hebron
1235:Ladino
1227:Levant
1208:aliyah
1159:ShaDaR
1079:(1872)
1071:(1700)
1069:Hurva
1047:(1540)
1031:(1267)
1023:(1258)
958:Biriya
943:Hebron
860:Kollel
650:Hebron
636:(1263)
613:Mamluk
611:under
605:Jewish
582:, and
503:Nablus
483:Hebron
481:, and
466:aliyah
421:Jewish
397:Hebrew
382:Hebrew
363:Hebrew
359:Yishuv
297:25,000
283:, 1882
261:Yishuv
187:, but
134:
127:
120:
113:
105:
3731:Ulpan
3436:Betar
3431:Irgun
3313:Golus
3293:Green
3243:Labor
2763:(PDF)
2756:(PDF)
2653:S2CID
2573:(PDF)
2373:Irgun
2355:Irgun
2105:Nazis
2040:Irgun
1885:Egypt
1719:Sabra
1683:El Al
1603:Ulpan
1523:Yemen
1503:Fifth
1493:Third
1478:First
1312:Haifa
1308:Jaffa
1304:Safed
968:Haifa
963:Jaffa
948:Safed
654:Safed
563:Kotel
515:Torah
491:Haifa
487:Jaffa
475:Safed
294:1880s
139:JSTOR
125:books
3441:Lehi
3341:Bilu
3126:Zion
2945:ISBN
2815:ISBN
2696:ISBN
2587:link
2546:ISBN
2481:2021
2468:ISBN
2447:–27.
2377:Lehi
2375:and
2329:See
2269:Akko
2197:Lehi
2119:and
1993:the
1990:1929
1923:and
1893:Nili
1851:and
1818:The
1528:Iraq
1326:and
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1302:and
1285:The
1261:and
1053:Ari
988:Gaza
978:Acco
652:and
619:rule
615:and
511:Gaza
499:Acre
405:lit.
391:lit.
372:lit.
367:ישוב
357:The
302:1948
267:ישוב
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