904:
77:
932:
783:
918:
121:
1320:
1052:
1306:
4004:
104:
4047:
92:
334:
592:
769:
903:
1114:
76:
797:
755:
606:
2005:, despite being the associated religion of the oblast's titular ethnoreligious group, is practiced by just 1% of the population, which is only slightly higher than the national average and is close to that of communities in other federal subjects. In addition, 35% of the population identify as "spiritual but not religious", and 22% profess
3783:№40-ОЗ 8 октября 1997 г. «Устав Еврейской автономной области», в ред. Закона №819-ОЗ от 25 ноября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в статью 19 Устава Еврейской автономной области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Биробиджанская звезда", №125 (15577), 4 ноября 1997 г.
713:, the committee for the agricultural settlement of Jews. The Soviet government entertained the idea of resettling all Jews in the USSR in a designated territory where they would be able to pursue a lifestyle that was "socialist in content and national in form". The Russians also wanted to offer an alternative to
856:, especially the Cossacks. The status of this region was defined shrewdly as an autonomous district, not an autonomous republic, which meant that no local legislature, high court, or government post of ministerial rank was permitted. It was an autonomous area, but a bare frontier, not a political center."
870:
Birobidzhan had a harsh geography and climate: it was mountainous, covered with virgin forests of oak, pine and cedar, and also swamplands, and any new settlers would have to build their lives from scratch. To make colonization more enticing, the Soviet government allowed private land ownership. This
1095:
of the JAO from 2002 to 2011, who said that, at the time the article was published, Jewish culture was enjoying a religious and cultural resurgence. By 2010, according to data provided by the
Russian Census Bureau, there were only approximately 1,600 people of Jewish descent remaining in the JAO (1%
859:
On 28 March 1928, the
Presidium of the General Executive Committee of the USSR passed the decree "On the attaching for Komzet of free territory near the Amur River in the Russian Far East for settlement of the working Jews." The decree meant "a possibility of establishment of a Jewish administrative
1825:
According to an article published in 2000, Birobidzhan has several state-run schools that teach
Yiddish, a Yiddish school for religious instruction and a kindergarten. The five- to seven-year-olds spend two lessons a week learning to speak Yiddish, as well as being taught Jewish songs, dance, and
1099:
According to an article published in 2000, Birobidzhan has several state-run schools that teach
Yiddish, a Yiddish school for religious instruction and a kindergarten. The five- to seven-year-olds spend two lessons a week learning to speak Yiddish, as well as being taught Jewish songs, dance, and
851:
writes about the government's rationale behind picking the area in the Far East: "The establishment of the Jewish
Autonomous Oblast in Birobidzhan in 1928 was ordered by Stalin only as an effort to strengthen the Far Eastern border region with an outpost, not as a favour to the Jews. The area was
1437:
The region's well-developed transportation network consists of 530 km (330 mi) of railways, including the
Tsarist-era Trans-Siberian Railway; 600 km (370 mi) of waterways along the Amur and Tunguska rivers; and 1,900 km (1,200 mi) of roads, including 1,600 km
1187:, titled, "Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage", examined the current status of the city and suggested that, even though the Jewish Autonomous Region in Russia's far east is now barely 1% Jewish, officials hope to woo back people who left after Soviet collapse.
944:
In the 1930s, a Soviet promotional campaign was created to entice more Jewish settlers to move there. The campaign partly incorporated the standard Soviet promotional tools of the era, including posters and
Yiddish-language novels describing a socialist utopia there. In one instance, leaflets
453:
removed, Jews made up 4% of its population. By 2010, according to census data, there were only approximately 1,600 people of Jewish descent remaining in the JAO (or just under 1% of the total population of the JAO and around 1% of Jews in the country), while ethnic
Russians made up 93% of its
708:
In 1924, the unemployment rate among Jews exceeded 30 percent, as a result of USSR policies against private property ownership, which prohibited them from being craftspeople and small businessmen as many had been prior to the revolution. With the goal of getting Jews back to work to be more
2156:Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г.
1752:
population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population. The census of 1959 found that the Jewish population of the JAO had declined by approximately 50%, down to 14,269 persons. In 1987, the reformist Soviet government led by
2807:
1013:
After the war ended in 1945, there was renewed interest in the idea of
Birobidzhan as a potential home for Jewish refugees. The Jewish population in the region peaked at around 46,000–50,000 Jews in 1948, around 25% of the entire population of the JAO.
1138:
According to an article published in 2010, Yiddish is the language of instruction in only one of
Birobidzhan's 14 public schools. Two schools, representing a quarter of the city's students, offer compulsory Yiddish classes for children aged 6 to 10.
729:
were gaining followers at that time, and Zionism was the favored ideology in the world's political economy to the Yiddish interpretations, which were essentially incompatible with the USSR because of the Yiddish movement's growing opposition (e.g.
931:
823:, in what is now the JAO, was chosen by the Soviet leadership as the site for the Jewish region. The choice of this area was a surprise to Komzet; the area had been chosen for military and economic reasons. This area was often infiltrated by
874:
In the spring of 1928, 654 Jews arrived to settle in the area; however, by October 1928, 49.7% of them had left because of the severe conditions. In the summer of 1928, there were torrential rains that flooded the crops and an outbreak of
1769:. However, by that time, most of the Jews had emigrated from the Soviet Union and the remaining Jews constituted fewer than 2% of the local population. In early 1996, 872 people, or 20% of the Jewish population at that time, emigrated to
1073:. However, by that time, most of the Jews had emigrated from the Soviet Union and the remaining Jews constituted fewer than 2% of the local population. In early 1996, 872 people, or 20% of the Jewish population at that time, emigrated to
3450:[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].
5607:
1428:
The largest companies in the region include Kimkano–Sutarsky Mining and Processing Plant (with revenues of $ 116.55 million in 2017), Teploozersky Cement Plant ($ 29.14 million) and Brider Trading House ($ 24 million).
1761:. According to the 1989 Soviet Census, there were 8,887 Jews living in the JAO, or 4% of the total JAO population of 214,085. In 1991, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast became the
782:
3557:
3029:
5073:
2249:
917:
3447:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров
3715:
3114:
3825:
669:, most local inhabitants were farmers. The only industrial enterprise was the Tungussky timber mill, although gold was mined in the Sutara River, and there were some small railway workshops.
2174:Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР.
1203:. The proposals led to protests, and were rejected by residents, as well as the Jewish community of Russia. There were also questions as to whether a merger would be allowed pursuant to the
3970:
1349:
974:
5597:
1472:. The bridge opened in 2021 and transports more than 3 million tonnes (3.3 million short tons; 3.0 million long tons) of cargo and 1.5 million passengers per year.
852:
constantly penetrated by Chinese and White Russian resistance groups, and the idea was to shield the territory by establishing a settlement whose inhabitants would be hostile to
5066:
3993:
3057:
2829:
2009:, making the Jewish Autonomous Oblast one of the least religious regions in Russia. A total of 5% of the population follows other religions or declined to answer the question.
555:. Between 1858 and 1882, many settlements consisting of wooden houses were founded. It is estimated that as many as 40,000 men from the Russian military moved into the region.
215:
1010:
The Jewish population of JAO reached a pre-war peak of 20,000 in 1937. According to the 1939 population census, 17,695 Jews lived in the region (16% of the total population).
5612:
5330:
2245:
1773:
via chartered flights. As of 2002, 2,357 Jews were living in the JAO. A 2004 article stated that the number of Jews in the region "was now growing". An April 2007 article in
482:
1135:. In addition to being a history of the creation of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, the film features scenes of contemporary Birobidzhan and interviews with Jewish residents.
5284:
3961:
1319:
4003:
5567:
4871:
4167:
1359:
282:
3546:
3018:
2510:
The Russians on the Amur: its discovery, conquest, and colonization, with a description of the country, its inhabitants, productions, and commercial capabilities ...
103:
5059:
2546:
5474:
120:
1077:
via chartered flights. As of 2002, 2,357 Jews were living in the JAO. A 2004 article stated that the number of Jews in the region "was now growing". As of 2005,
5587:
4031:
3317:
449:
population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population. By 1959, its Jewish population had fallen by half, and by 1989, with
3235:
2584:
883:
5443:
4021:
1438:(1,000 mi) of paved roads. The most important road is the Khabarovsk-Birobidzhan-Obluchye-Amur Region highway with ferry service across the Amur. The
3297:
3169:
945:
promoting Birobidzhan were dropped from an airplane over a Jewish neighborhood in Belarus. In another instance, a government-produced Yiddish film called
5484:
4848:
2487:
3723:
3122:
4046:
1051:
977:, a Jewish Communist organization in North America, successfully encouraged the immigration of some US residents, such as the family of the future spy
882:
On 7 May 1934, the Presidium of the General Executive Committee accepted the decree on its transformation into the Jewish Autonomous Region within the
5632:
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4795:
4443:
3672:
3519:
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3480:
2609:
2429:
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1787:
of the JAO from 2002 to 2011, who said that, at the time the article was published, Jewish culture was enjoying a religious and cultural resurgence.
630:. The project produced a large influx of new settlers and the foundation of new settlements. Between 1908 and 1912, stations opened at Volochayevka,
3638:
3254:
223:
108:
5458:
91:
5301:
5293:
492:
435:
131:
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4114:
2955:
1156:
352:
3601:
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3343:
3193:
5348:
4263:
4160:
2371:
1363:
1305:
746:) were formed in Crimea and three in south Ukraine. However, an alternative scheme, perceived as more advantageous, was put into practice.
3214:
5627:
5150:
5622:
5251:
5233:
4066:
3809:
1367:
445:
The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934. At its height, in the late 1940s, the
2322:
1261:, located in the Bureya Range, is the highest point of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. The southern and eastern section is part of the
5562:
5489:
5309:
5270:
5103:
3947:
2777:
2747:
2683:
2638:
3631:
2253:
5387:
5215:
5187:
2021:
1606:
The population of JAO has declined by over 40% since 1989 due to massive exodus in 1989–1996, with the numbers recorded being
450:
96:
3402:
824:
4153:
3872:
How the Back-to-the-Soil Movement Began: Two Years of Blazing the New Jewish "Covered Wagon" Trail Across the Russian Prairies.
3043:
2810:. Birobidjan, RU: The Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS. August 31, 2004. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014
2012:
Archbishop Ephraim (Prosyanka) (2015) is the head of the Russian Orthodox Eparchy (Diocese) of Birobidzhan (established 2002).
1043:. According to the 1989 Soviet Census, there were 8,887 Jews living in the JAO, or 4% of the total JAO population of 214,085.
5540:
5504:
5422:
5145:
4841:
4670:
1998:
1757:
pardoned many political prisoners and told the American Jewish community that it would allow the emigration of 11,000 Jewish
1039:
pardoned many political prisoners and told the American Jewish community that it would allow the emigration of 11,000 Jewish
5277:
3837:
The Jew and Communism: The Story of Early Communist Victories and Ultimate Defeats in the Jewish Community, USA, 1919–1941.
3454:(in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики . 1989 – via
3427:
3095:
2411:
2246:"Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)"
994:; a theatre troupe was created; and streets being built in the new city were named after prominent Yiddish authors such as
5377:
5172:
5125:
4891:
4660:
4176:
4094:
1022:
The census of 1959 found that the Jewish population of the JAO had declined by approximately 50%, down to 14,269 persons.
651:
488:
2553:
1025:
A synagogue was opened at the end of World War II, but it closed in the mid-1960s after a fire left it severely damaged.
5354:
5167:
4876:
4811:
4805:
4801:
4527:
4502:
2050:
1439:
1337:
1217:
1127:
740:
was initially considered in the early 1920s, when it already had a significant Jewish population. Two Jewish districts (
701:'s policy of atheism and their crackdown on organized Jewish communities by closing synagogues and harassing believers,
575:
508:
462:
178:
46:
5509:
5400:
4881:
4781:
4646:
4492:
1939:
1456:
The Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge is a 2.215 km (1.38 mi) long, $ 355 million bridge that links
1383:
190:
173:
3321:
2844:
5415:
5160:
5155:
4906:
4791:
4709:
4190:
3893:
Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928–1996.
3075:
2926:
2594:
1762:
1066:
559:
403:
251:
185:
3918:
Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928–1996
5602:
5448:
5314:
5120:
5108:
4924:
4896:
4834:
4655:
3219:
520:
4557:
2870:
2301:"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"
5582:
5572:
5197:
5177:
5140:
5113:
5098:
5015:
4680:
1058:
3470:
3046:. Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS. March 10, 2005. Archived from the original on February 4, 2009.
1822:
Yiddish is taught in three of the region's schools, but the community is almost exclusively Russian-speaking.
1118:
3572:"Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022"
2391:
1148:
continues to publish 2 or 3 pages per week in Yiddish and one local elementary school still teaches Yiddish.
5192:
4995:
4665:
4016:
2109:
2077:
1990:
1461:
623:
3939:
5499:
5182:
4313:
2849:
2589:
2504:
2348:
2038:
1894:
1371:
1333:
1204:
682:
619:
458:
3147:
1131:, a documentary on Stalin's creation of the Jewish Autonomous Region and its settlement, was released by
5479:
5410:
4076:
4036:
3983:
3602:"Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022"
2045:
1465:
1399:
835:. At the time, there were only about 30,000 inhabitants in the area, mostly descendants of Trans-Baikal
718:
654:. The railway construction finished in October 1916 with the opening of the 2,590-metre (8,500 ft)
431:
2161:
On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District
5395:
4886:
4026:
3761:
2216:
1828:
1258:
1241:, the film features scenes of life in contemporary Birobidzhan and interviews with Jewish residents.
1144:
1102:
990:
947:
563:
532:
3934:
558:
Expeditions of scientists, including geographers, ethnographers, naturalists, and botanists such as
5438:
4785:
4532:
4522:
4453:
3552:
3494:
3024:
1617:
1442:, in the center of the region, connects Birobidzhan with Khabarovsk and outlying district centers.
507:
Prior to 1858, the area of what is today the Jewish Autonomous Oblast was ruled by a succession of
228:
1997:
of other church jurisdictions or Orthodox believers who are not members of any church, and 9% are
454:
population. According to the 2021 census, there were only 837 ethnic Jews left in the JAO (0.6%).
5592:
5000:
4750:
4512:
4323:
4248:
4233:
4213:
3851:
Where the Jews Aren’t: The Sad and Absurd Story of Birobidzhan, Russia’s Jewish Autonomous Region
3351:
3302:
3174:
3080:
3001:
2769:
Where the Jews Aren't: The Sad and Absurd Story of Birobidzhan, Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region
1780:
1775:
1609:
1391:
1088:
1083:
666:
1421:
Agriculture is the Jewish Autonomous Oblast's main economic sector owing to fertile soils and a
1151:
According to a 2012 article, "only a very small minority, mostly seniors, speak Yiddish", a new
853:
705:
also wanted to appease minority groups to gain their support and provide examples of tolerance.
647:
591:
333:
3908:
3886:
Dreams of Nationhood: American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project, 1924–1951.
2523:
2275:
1832:
stated that Yiddish is taught in the schools, a Yiddish radio station is in operation, and the
1106:
stated that Yiddish is taught in the schools, a Yiddish radio station is in operation, and the
768:
5020:
4383:
4199:
3928:
SOVIET ZION: The New Musical Drama - a contemporary opera set in the Jewish Autonomous Region.
3805:
3431:
3099:
3051:
2951:
2941:
2910:
2890:
2823:
2773:
2743:
2718:
2679:
2634:
2628:
2508:
2415:
2396:
1994:
1878:
1862:
1754:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1036:
722:
678:
655:
2793:
2658:
2300:
951:
told the story of a Jewish family from overseas making a new life for itself in Birobidzhan.
5405:
4964:
4857:
4694:
4636:
4616:
4438:
4423:
4413:
4288:
4218:
3699:
3695:
2483:
2131:
2097:
2092:
1989:
According to a 2012 survey, 23% of the population of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast adhere to
1457:
1394:. The oblast's mineral and building and finishing material resources are in demand on the
1226:
1132:
848:
844:
840:
411:
376:
328:
3609:
3579:
2159:(President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000
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4378:
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4333:
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4223:
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2698:
Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatolii Sudoplatov, with Jerrold L. Schecter and Leona P. Schecter,
2220:
2032:
1909:
1766:
1415:
1238:
1196:
1070:
995:
985:
959:
887:
832:
828:
567:
528:
415:
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2026:
1288:
monsoon, and cold, dry, windy conditions prevailing in the winter months courtesy of the
597:
Map of the Trans-Siberian Railroad: original route in red, Baikal-Amur Mainline in green.
3935:
Meeting of the Frontiers: The Birobidzhan Album (1920s–1930s photographs of Birobidzhan)
3922:
3643:
1065:
In 1991, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast became the
966:, which was the center of Jewish settlement south of Birobidzhan from 1929 to 1939, and
17:
5262:
5225:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4934:
4631:
4626:
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4601:
4562:
4467:
4428:
4373:
4298:
4293:
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4238:
4228:
4134:
3375:Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО
3273:
3198:
2739:
1411:
1250:
1225:'s creation of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and its partial settlement by thousands of
702:
611:
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast with the administrative center of Birobidzhan underscored.
524:
515:, including the territory of today's Jewish Autonomous Oblast, was split away from the
319:
3799:
5556:
4741:
4542:
4472:
4408:
4388:
4368:
4358:
4353:
4303:
4278:
4253:
2699:
1289:
1222:
552:
544:
981:, which arrived in 1932. Some 1,200 non-Soviet Jews chose to settle in Birobidzhan.
5533:
5207:
5090:
4393:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4283:
4268:
4129:
4084:
3668:
3239:
2763:
1699:
1278:
1254:
1183:
1096:
of the total population), while ethnic Russians made up 93% of the JAO population.
999:
978:
731:
726:
635:
571:
516:
423:
2945:
2767:
2673:
2347:
Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the
547:
to protect the south-east boundary of Siberia and communications on the Amur and
465:. It is one of two officially Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being
5362:
5325:
5040:
4980:
4914:
4403:
4398:
4328:
4208:
4061:
3988:
3520:"'Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland"
3274:"In Eastern Russia, the Idea of a Jewish Autonomy Is Being Brought Back to Life"
2610:"'Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland"
2430:"'Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland"
2178:
1784:
1407:
1262:
1200:
1092:
1055:
864:
820:
734:) to the very ethno-nationalism which constituted and structured Soviet states.
627:
439:
419:
200:
3445:
1779:
claimed that the Jewish population had grown to about 4,000. The article cited
1087:
claimed that the Jewish population had grown to about 4,000. The article cited
681:, the territory of the future Jewish Autonomous Oblast became the scene of the
4985:
4699:
4596:
4507:
4119:
2732:
2121:
1958:
1660:
698:
659:
512:
309:
298:
3096:"Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region In Siberia 'Ready' To House European Jews"
2412:"Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region In Siberia 'Ready' To House European Jews"
146:
133:
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5243:
5030:
4621:
4567:
4537:
4487:
4124:
4099:
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3832:
New York: American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan, 1936.
3293:
3165:
2276:"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"
1758:
1285:
1040:
967:
3298:"Film Review; When Soviet Jews Sought Paradise in Siberian Swamps and Snow"
3170:"Film Review; When Soviet Jews Sought Paradise in Siberian Swamps and Snow"
796:
3792:
On Amending Article 19 of the Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3373:
2891:
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581–1990
5025:
4990:
4919:
4577:
4552:
4517:
4497:
4482:
4477:
4145:
3879:
Soviet and Kosher: Jewish Popular Culture in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939.
3790:, as amended by the Law #819-OZ of November 25, 2015
1770:
1647:
1422:
1074:
1029:
955:
836:
631:
543:
In December 1858, the Russian government authorized the formation of the
342:
2911:
Russian Political Atlas – Political Situation, Elections, Foreign Policy
1249:
The northern and western section of the oblast is mountainous, with the
1113:
5035:
5010:
4732:
4547:
4109:
4089:
3865:
The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival: Volume 1.
3278:
2998:"Birobidzhan Journal;A Promised Land in Siberia? Well, Thanks, but ..."
2181:
of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995
2006:
2002:
1954:
1924:
1281:
1274:
1230:
1175:
1155:-sponsored synagogue opened at the 14a Sholom-Aleichem Street, and the
1078:
963:
876:
754:
714:
694:
643:
639:
470:
324:
3255:"Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage"
2700:
Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness – A Soviet Spymaster
2675:
The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival, Volume 1
5367:
4689:
4462:
4104:
3403:"First cross-river railway bridge between China and Russia completed"
2183:
Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions
1712:
1686:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1152:
737:
710:
548:
466:
407:
166:
3194:"Despite Predictions, Jewish Homeland in Siberia Retains Its Appeal"
890:, the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR) was included in its structure.
843:. The Soviet government wanted to increase settlement in the remote
605:
4826:
2370:
Eran Laor Cartographic Collection. The National Library of Israel.
1849:
Religion in Jewish Autonomous Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)
3318:"Еврейская автономная область - Географическое положение и рельеф"
1469:
1390:
involves roads, rail and water ways. Although landlocked, it is a
1355:
1237:. As well as relating the history of the creation of the proposed
1112:
1050:
839:
resettled there by tsarist authorities, Koreans, Kazakhs, and the
427:
362:
988:
on the region. The settlers established a Yiddish newspaper, the
27:
Federal subject of the Russian Federation in the Russian Far East
5372:
4731:
Considered by most of the international community to be part of
4572:
2947:
The Jews of the Soviet Union: the History of a national minority
2250:
Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography
1749:
1673:
1494:
1325:
Proportion of Jews in the general population of the JAO by year.
1215:
JAO and its history have been portrayed in the documentary film
1170:
every few weeks, a Sunday school functions, and there is also a
871:
led to many non-Jews settling in the oblast to get a free farm.
446:
5608:
Countries and territories where Russian is an official language
5266:
5055:
4830:
4149:
3943:
923:
A menorah dominates the front of Birobidzhan's railway station.
3547:"Jewish enclave created in Siberia by Stalin stages a revival"
3019:"Jewish enclave created in Siberia by Stalin stages a revival"
2976:
2974:
2613:
1234:
1081:
had a small active Jewish community. An April 2007 article in
4771:
Non-constitutional official divisions by various institutions
3927:
3350:. Kommersant. Publishing House. March 5, 2004. Archived from
2794:"Stalin's forgotten Zion: the harsh realities of Birobidzhan"
1814:
Total — 66.12 years (male — 61.73, female — 70.58)
847:, especially along the vulnerable border with China. General
3749:
1489:
1284:, with warm, wet, humid summers due to the influence of the
3826:
American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan
3764:. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017.
3671:[The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian).
618:
In 1899, construction began on the regional section of the
2808:"A Jew Receives State Award in Jewish Autonomous Republic"
2659:"Birobidzhan – the Almost Soviet Jewish Autonomous Region"
1207:
and whether a merger would require a national referendum.
802:
A Yiddish-Russian sign on the JAO government headquarters.
709:
productive members of society, the government established
551:
rivers. This military colonization included settlers from
3905:
3830:
Birobidjan: The Jewish Autonomous Territory in the USSR.
3215:"Why some Jews would rather live in Siberia than Israel"
2235:
Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article 22
2203:
Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article 15
2185:, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
1350:
Administrative divisions of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
975:
Organization for Jewish Colonisation in the Soviet Union
3794:. Effective as of the official publication date.).
3750:"Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"
2360:
Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article 4
2194:
Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Article 5
2093:[jɪˈvrʲejskəjəɐftɐˈnomnəjəˈobləsʲtʲ(ˌje‿ˌa‿ˈo)]
3142:
3140:
1191:
2013 proposals to merge the JAO with adjoining regions
3475:[2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]
2488:"Birobidzhan: Frustrated Dreams of a Jewish Homeland"
2213:
2114:
2082:
2702:, Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co., 1994, p. 289.
2547:"Nation Making in Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast"
1631:
Ethnicities in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in 2021
1195:
In 2013, there were proposals to merge the JAO with
984:
As the Jewish population grew, so did the impact of
386:
5518:
5467:
5431:
5386:
5341:
5300:
5242:
5224:
5206:
5089:
4973:
4905:
4864:
4708:
4679:
4645:
4586:
4452:
4198:
4075:
4054:
4009:
3895:
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998.
2630:
Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union
860:territorial unit on the territory of said region".
483:
History of the Jews in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
469:. It is also the only territory in the world where
382:
372:
361:
351:
341:
318:
307:
296:
288:
278:
270:
262:
257:
247:
239:
234:
221:
211:
206:
196:
184:
172:
162:
63:
58:
37:
3545:
3428:"Work Starts On First China-Russia Highway Bridge"
3017:
2731:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2212:Official website of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.
1418:are the most highly developed industrial sectors.
1354:The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is divided into five
3839:New York: Trade Union Sponsoring Committee, 1959.
3745:
3743:
3741:
3472:Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1
2864:
2862:
2860:
1765:of Russia and thus was no longer subordinated to
1069:of Russia and thus was no longer subordinated to
81:A wintery Tunguska River near Nikolaevka village.
3906:Official website of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3881:Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2006.
3056:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2828:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2734:The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia
1257:, among others. At 1,421 metres (4,662 ft)
1221:. Released in 2002, the film tells the story of
1035:In 1987, the reformist Soviet government led by
831:also wanted Russia to lose the provinces of the
2920:
2918:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2327:Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
894:Growth of Jewish communities in the early 1930s
5475:Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia
3846:New York: American Birobidjan Committee, 1946.
3236:"A Railway Sign In Yiddish? – Only in Siberia"
3187:
3185:
2499:
2497:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
5598:Jewish settlement schemes in the Soviet Union
5278:
5067:
4842:
4161:
3955:
3781:
3452:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года
3044:"Remote Far East Village Mobilizes for Purim"
2991:
2989:
2172:
2154:
2070:
958:, dating from 1928, which included the first
741:
689:Soviet policies regarding minorities and Jews
8:
3844:The Jews in the Soviet Union and Birobidjan.
2980:
2132:[ˈjɪdɪʃəavtɔˈnɔmə(ɔɪtɔˈnɔmə)ˈɡɛɡn̩t]
1480:
1386:; it has industry and agriculture and its
1382:The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is part of the
884:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
3874:Philadelphia: United Jewish Campaign, 1925.
2950:. Cambridge University Press. p. 272.
2223:, Governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
863:The new territory was initially called the
5613:States and territories established in 1934
5485:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
5285:
5271:
5263:
5074:
5060:
5052:
4849:
4835:
4827:
4765:
4184:
4168:
4154:
4146:
3962:
3948:
3940:
3867:New York: New York University Press, 1988.
3673:Federal State Statistics Service of Russia
3469:Russian Federal State Statistics Service.
2678:. New York University Press. p. 283.
1479:
582:Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway
332:
34:
3716:"Soviet-era Jewish homeland struggles on"
3115:"Soviet-era Jewish homeland struggles on"
2578:
2576:
2574:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2524:Anniversary of the Battle of Volochayevka
1836:newspaper includes a section in Yiddish.
1452:Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge
1446:Tongjiang-Nizhneleninskoye railway bridge
1265:, with only a few small residual ridges.
1110:newspaper includes a section in Yiddish.
3639:Russian Federal State Statistics Service
3192:David M. Herszenhorn (October 3, 2012).
3069:
3067:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2652:
2650:
2392:"In Russia's Far East, a Jewish Revival"
1629:
1028:In 1980, a Yiddish school was opened in
32:Autonomous oblast in Far Eastern, Russia
5568:1934 establishments in the Soviet Union
3788:Charter of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3786:(#40-OZ October 8, 1997
2593:. Encyclopaedia Judaica. Archived from
2147:
2062:
1336:provides that the JAO is Russia's only
503:Annexation of the Amur Region by Russia
493:History of the Jews in the Soviet Union
461:provides that the JAO is Russia's only
381:
371:
340:
317:
256:
243:36,271 km (14,004 sq mi)
233:
205:
195:
161:
126:
117:
85:
73:
62:
57:
52:
5083:Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
3856:Ber Boris Kotlerman and Shmuel Yavin,
3798:Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990).
3560:from the original on January 12, 2022.
3049:
3032:from the original on January 12, 2022.
2821:
2163:. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
909:Market near the village of Nikolaevka.
788:A monument to the Volochaevsky battle.
3888:Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2010.
2130:
2103:ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע (אױטאָנאָמע) געגנט
2091:
1460:in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast with
1402:, engineering, metalworking, and the
1157:Sholem Aleichem Amur State University
886:. In 1938, with the formation of the
350:
306:
295:
287:
277:
269:
261:
246:
238:
220:
210:
183:
171:
7:
5588:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
5294:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
3923:A 1939 Soviet pamphlet about the JAO
3253:Walker, Shaun (September 27, 2017).
2738:. W.W. Norton Company, Inc. p.
2633:. Frank Cass & Co. p. 193.
1311:Life expectancy at birth in the JAO.
511:. In 1858, the northern bank of the
3714:Steen, Michael (January 13, 2000).
3113:Steen, Michael (January 13, 2000).
3074:Haviv Rettig Gur (April 17, 2007).
2927:"A Visit to the 'Soviet Jerusalem'"
2871:"Birobidzhan: A Remnant of History"
2845:"George Koval: Atomic Spy Unmasked"
2372:"Map of Manchuria and region, 1942"
2101:
3669:"Демографический ежегодник России"
3544:Julius Strauss (August 17, 2004).
3016:Julius Strauss (August 17, 2004).
2608:Masha Gessen (September 7, 2016).
2303:. Federal State Statistics Service
2126:Йидише автономе (ойтономе) гегнт,
2072:Еврейская автономная область (ЕАО)
954:Early Jewish settlements included
25:
5490:Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
5310:The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
4749:Administratively subordinated to
4740:Administratively subordinated to
3801:Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin
3696:"A Promised Land in the U.S.S.R."
3694:Gal Beckerman (August 31, 2016).
3633:Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости
2942:"The Post-Stalin period, 1953–83"
2116:Yidishe avtonome (oytonome) gegnt
1366:; the oblast has one other town (
774:The Chapel of St. Dmitry Donskoy.
697:as a religion ran counter to the
523:and became incorporated into the
5633:Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
4796:Ministry of Economic Development
4045:
4002:
3636:[Total fertility rate].
3499:Federal State Statistics Service
3481:Federal State Statistics Service
3401:Lilit Marcus (August 20, 2021).
3213:Alfonso Daniels (June 7, 2010).
3076:"Yiddish returns to Birobidzhan"
2280:Federal State Statistics Service
2022:Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
1318:
1304:
930:
916:
902:
795:
781:
767:
753:
604:
590:
119:
102:
90:
75:
3860:Tel Aviv: Bauhaus Center, 2009.
3495:"Национальный состав населения"
3148:"Jewish life revived in Russia"
2925:Ben G. Frank (April 15, 2012).
2390:David Holley (August 7, 2005).
578:promoted research in the area.
5541:The Black Book of Soviet Jewry
5423:Joseph Stalin and antisemitism
3762:2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps
3272:Ilan Goren (August 24, 2013).
2657:Arthur Rosen (February 2004).
2084:Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast
1826:traditions. A 2006 article in
1799:Deaths: 2,272 (14.8 per 1,000)
1100:traditions. A 2006 article in
1:
5618:1934 establishments in Russia
5378:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
4892:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
3234:Ben G. Frank (May 27, 2015).
2996:James Brook (July 11, 1996).
2214:Alexander Borisovich Levintal
1796:Births: 1,430 (9.3 per 1,000)
1290:Siberian high-pressure system
1162:According to a 2015 article,
665:During this time, before the
489:History of the Jews in Russia
5578:Far Eastern Federal District
5459:Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking
5355:Jewish Communist Youth Union
4877:Far Eastern Federal District
3642:(in Russian). Archived from
2869:Henry Srebrnik (July 2006).
2513:Trübner and co. p. 156.
2051:Proposals for a Jewish state
1804:Total fertility rate (2022):
1440:Birobidzhan Yuzhniy Airfield
576:Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov
360:
54:Еврейская автономная область
5401:Night of the Murdered Poets
4882:Far Eastern economic region
2115:
2083:
1940:Spiritual but not religious
1384:Far Eastern Economic Region
1358:, including Birobidzhan, a
1181:A November 2017 article in
1166:meat arrives by train from
1006:Stalin era and World War II
962:established in the oblast,
760:A child playing in the JAO.
717:, the establishment of the
271: • Estimate
59:Other transcription(s)
5649:
5628:Federal subjects of Russia
5416:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
3344:"Jewish Autonomous Region"
2843:Michael Walsh (May 2009).
2329:(in Russian). June 3, 2011
1791:Vital statistics for 2022:
1449:
1347:
560:Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov
509:Chinese imperial dynasties
486:
480:
414:of the country, bordering
5623:Yiddish culture in Russia
5449:1970s Soviet Union aliyah
5331:Jewish history in the JAO
5315:Jewish autonomy in Crimea
4925:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
4897:Eastern Military District
4777:
4768:
4764:
4727:
4187:
4183:
4043:
4000:
3981:
3911:January 14, 2017, at the
3782:
3220:Christian Science Monitor
2940:Pinkus, Benjamin (1990).
2173:
2155:
2102:
2071:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1908:
1903:
1892:
1887:
1876:
1871:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1599:
1507:—
1218:L'Chayim, Comrade Stalin!
1159:offers a Yiddish course.
1128:L'Chayim, Comrade Stalin!
1117:Memorial for Jewish poet
473:is an official language.
127:
118:
86:
74:
68:ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט
67:
53:
44:
5563:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
5320:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
5016:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
4930:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3975:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3971:Administrative divisions
3632:
3471:
3451:
3446:
3374:
2981:Doder & Branson 1990
2225:(in Russian and Yiddish)
1807:1.62 children per woman
1344:Administrative divisions
1119:Isaac Leibovich Bronfman
879:that killed the cattle.
396:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
39:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
18:Jewish autonomous oblast
5510:Jackson–Vanik amendment
3858:Bauhaus in Birobidzhan.
2505:Ravenstein, Ernst Georg
2323:"Об исчислении времени"
2219:April 17, 2021, at the
2001:or generic Christians.
1811:Life expectancy (2021):
1748:In the late 1940s, the
867:Jewish National Raion.
451:emigration restrictions
5519:Media and publications
5468:International activism
5444:Anti-Zionist Committee
5349:Jewish Communist Party
4177:Subdivisions of Russia
4077:Urban-type settlements
3884:Henry Felix Srebrnik,
2730:Richard Overy (2004).
2590:Jewish Virtual Library
2349:Constitution of Russia
2039:In Search of Happiness
1388:transportation network
1372:urban-type settlements
1334:Constitution of Russia
1205:Constitution of Russia
1122:
1062:
742:
721:as a Jewish homeland.
683:Battle of Volochayevka
620:Trans-Siberian Railway
459:Constitution of Russia
292:4.1/km (11/sq mi)
5480:Soviet Jewry movement
5411:Rootless cosmopolitan
3984:Administrative center
2046:Boris Kaufman (rabbi)
1736:Ethnicity not stated
1481:Historical population
1466:Heilongjiang Province
1400:Nonferrous metallurgy
1116:
1054:
937:Vladimirovka village.
854:white Russian émigrés
539:Military colonization
432:administrative center
197:Administrative center
5396:1931 Menshevik Trial
4887:Far Eastern Republic
4558:North Ossetia–Alania
3870:James N. Rosenberg,
3434:. December 25, 2016.
3324:on December 20, 2021
3296:(January 31, 2003).
3168:(January 31, 2003).
3152:The Washington Times
2929:. CrownHeights.info.
2627:Yaacov Ro'i (2004).
2597:on January 16, 2017.
2559:on September 2, 2016
1973:Other and undeclared
1834:Birobidzhaner Shtern
1829:The Washington Times
1273:The territory has a
1259:Mount Studencheskaya
1174:on Friday night and
1145:Birobidzhaner Shtern
1108:Birobidzhaner Shtern
1103:The Washington Times
991:Birobidzhaner Shtern
948:Seekers of Happiness
888:Khabarovsk Territory
719:Mandate of Palestine
677:In 1922, during the
564:Leopold von Schrenck
533:Convention of Peking
289: • Density
216:Legislative Assembly
64: • Yiddish
5439:Soviet anti-Zionism
5388:Soviet antisemitism
5136:Kabardino-Balkarian
4806:Ministry of Defence
4523:Karachay-Cherkessia
3726:on January 13, 2017
3553:The Daily Telegraph
3354:on November 4, 2011
3125:on January 13, 2017
3102:. January 20, 2016.
3025:The Daily Telegraph
2672:Nora Levin (1990).
2486:(October 9, 2014).
2418:. January 20, 2016.
2256:on February 9, 2022
1995:Orthodox Christians
1632:
1600:Source: Census data
1482:
1370:) and a further 11
1047:Post-Soviet history
658:across the Amur at
229:Rostislav Goldstein
143: /
5001:Komsomolsk-on-Amur
4812:Judicial districts
4802:Military districts
4751:Arkhangelsk Oblast
4513:Kabardino-Balkaria
3804:. London: Futura.
3649:on August 10, 2023
3303:The New York Times
3175:The New York Times
3154:. January 7, 2006.
3081:The Jerusalem Post
3002:The New York Times
2042:, 2005 documentary
1781:Mordechai Scheiner
1776:The Jerusalem Post
1725:Other ethnicities
1630:
1610:1989 Soviet census
1392:free economic zone
1332:Article 65 of the
1123:
1089:Mordechai Scheiner
1084:The Jerusalem Post
1063:
1059:arriving in Israel
723:Socialist Zionists
457:Article 65 of the
373:Official languages
263: • Total
240: • Total
147:48.600°N 132.200°E
5550:
5549:
5495:Cleveland Council
5260:
5259:
5151:Karachay-Cherkess
5049:
5048:
5021:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4782:Federal districts
4760:
4759:
4710:Autonomous oblast
4647:Autonomous okrugs
4143:
4142:
3891:Robert Weinberg,
3877:Anna Shternshis,
3432:Radio Free Europe
3348:Kommersant Moscow
3100:Radio Free Europe
2957:978-0-521-38926-6
2416:Radio Free Europe
2397:Los Angeles Times
2113:
2081:
1991:Russian Orthodoxy
1985:
1984:
1863:Russian Orthodoxy
1755:Mikhail Gorbachev
1746:
1745:
1604:
1603:
1404:building material
1338:autonomous oblast
1037:Mikhail Gorbachev
679:Russian Civil War
673:Russian Civil War
656:Khabarovsk Bridge
545:Amur Cossack Host
463:autonomous oblast
392:
391:
279: • Rank
248: • Rank
212: • Body
47:Autonomous oblast
16:(Redirected from
5640:
5603:Russian Far East
5287:
5280:
5273:
5264:
5252:Gorno-Badakhshan
5234:Nagorno-Karabakh
5076:
5069:
5062:
5053:
4965:Zabaykalsky Krai
4907:Federal subjects
4872:Cities and towns
4858:Russian Far East
4851:
4844:
4837:
4828:
4792:Economic regions
4766:
4695:Saint Petersburg
4191:Federal subjects
4185:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4147:
4049:
4006:
3994:Rural localities
3964:
3957:
3950:
3941:
3835:Melech Epstein,
3815:
3785:
3784:
3769:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3722:. Archived from
3711:
3705:
3704:
3700:The New Republic
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3612:on March 2, 2023
3608:. Archived from
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3582:on March 2, 2023
3578:. Archived from
3568:
3562:
3561:
3549:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3456:Demoscope Weekly
3442:
3436:
3435:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3320:. Archived from
3314:
3308:
3307:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3121:. Archived from
3110:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3047:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3021:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2993:
2984:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2913:
2908:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2866:
2855:
2854:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2827:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2737:
2727:
2721:
2719:Behind Communism
2716:
2703:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2580:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2552:. Archived from
2551:
2543:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2484:Asya Pereltsvaig
2480:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2387:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2252:. Archived from
2242:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2067:
1846:
1845:
1818:Languages spoken
1633:
1621:
1613:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1458:Nizhneleninskoye
1412:light industrial
1322:
1308:
1142:As of 2012, the
1133:The Cinema Guild
1061:, 23 March 1993.
934:
920:
906:
849:Pavel Sudoplatov
845:Russian Far East
841:Tungusic peoples
799:
785:
771:
757:
745:
608:
594:
527:pursuant to the
336:
174:Federal district
158:
157:
155:
154:
153:
148:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
123:
106:
94:
79:
69:
35:
21:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5583:Jewish polities
5573:East Asian Jews
5553:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5527:Am Yisrael Chai
5514:
5463:
5427:
5382:
5337:
5296:
5291:
5261:
5256:
5238:
5220:
5202:
5104:Checheno-Ingush
5085:
5080:
5050:
5045:
5006:Blagoveshchensk
4969:
4960:Sakhalin Oblast
4940:Khabarovsk Krai
4901:
4860:
4855:
4825:
4816:
4773:
4756:
4723:
4704:
4675:
4641:
4582:
4448:
4314:Nizhny Novgorod
4194:
4179:
4174:
4144:
4139:
4071:
4050:
4041:
4007:
3996:
3977:
3968:
3913:Wayback Machine
3902:
3842:Henry Frankel,
3822:
3820:Further reading
3812:
3797:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3739:
3729:
3727:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3015:
3014:
3010:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2896:
2889:
2885:
2878:Jewish Currents
2873:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2820:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2706:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2582:
2581:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2482:
2481:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2389:
2388:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:Wayback Machine
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2171:
2167:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2127:
2120:
2088:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2033:East Asian Jews
2018:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1965:
1946:
1931:
1916:
1901:
1885:
1869:
1842:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1767:Khabarovsk Krai
1763:federal subject
1628:
1616:150,453 (
1615:
1608:215,937 (
1607:
1478:
1454:
1448:
1435:
1416:food industries
1380:
1364:district status
1352:
1346:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1298:
1271:
1247:
1239:Jewish homeland
1213:
1197:Khabarovsk Krai
1193:
1071:Khabarovsk Krai
1067:federal subject
1049:
1020:
1008:
996:Sholom Aleichem
986:Yiddish culture
960:collective farm
942:
941:
940:
939:
938:
935:
926:
925:
924:
921:
912:
911:
910:
907:
896:
833:Soviet Far East
817:
812:
807:
806:
805:
804:
803:
800:
791:
790:
789:
786:
777:
776:
775:
772:
763:
762:
761:
758:
699:Bolshevik party
691:
675:
667:1917 revolution
616:
615:
614:
613:
612:
609:
600:
599:
598:
595:
584:
568:Karl Maximovich
541:
531:(1858) and the
529:Treaty of Aigun
505:
500:
495:
485:
479:
416:Khabarovsk Krai
404:federal subject
186:Economic region
152:48.600; 132.200
151:
149:
145:
142:
137:
134:
132:
130:
129:
114:
113:
112:
111:
100:
99:
82:
49:
40:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5646:
5644:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5555:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5505:Freedom Sunday
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5267:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5230:
5228:
5226:Azerbaijan SSR
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5216:South Ossetian
5212:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5188:North Ossetian
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5056:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4974:Largest cities
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4950:Primorsky Krai
4947:
4945:Magadan Oblast
4942:
4937:
4935:Kamchatka Krai
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4799:
4789:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4746:
4745:
4737:
4736:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4681:Federal cities
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4196:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4150:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4135:Volochayevka-2
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4017:Birobidzhansky
4013:
4011:
4008:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3901:
3900:External links
3898:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3849:Masha Gessen,
3847:
3840:
3833:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:978-0708849408
3810:
3795:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3754:
3752:. Sreda, 2012.
3737:
3706:
3686:
3660:
3623:
3593:
3563:
3536:
3511:
3486:
3479:(in Russian).
3461:
3437:
3419:
3393:
3365:
3335:
3309:
3285:
3264:
3245:
3226:
3205:
3199:New York Times
3181:
3157:
3136:
3105:
3087:
3063:
3035:
3008:
2985:
2983:, p. 195.
2970:
2956:
2932:
2914:
2894:
2883:
2856:
2835:
2799:
2785:
2778:
2755:
2748:
2722:
2704:
2691:
2684:
2664:
2646:
2639:
2619:
2600:
2583:Kipnis, Mark.
2570:
2527:
2516:
2493:
2446:
2421:
2403:
2377:
2362:
2353:
2340:
2314:
2292:
2267:
2237:
2228:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2165:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2017:
2014:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1819:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1627:
1624:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1474:
1450:Main article:
1447:
1444:
1434:
1433:Transportation
1431:
1396:Russian market
1379:
1376:
1348:Main article:
1345:
1342:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1270:
1267:
1251:Lesser Khingan
1246:
1243:
1212:
1209:
1192:
1189:
1056:Birobidzhaners
1048:
1045:
1019:
1016:
1007:
1004:
936:
929:
928:
927:
922:
915:
914:
913:
908:
901:
900:
899:
898:
897:
895:
892:
816:
813:
811:
808:
801:
794:
793:
792:
787:
780:
779:
778:
773:
766:
765:
764:
759:
752:
751:
750:
749:
748:
703:Vladimir Lenin
690:
687:
674:
671:
610:
603:
602:
601:
596:
589:
588:
587:
586:
585:
583:
580:
540:
537:
525:Russian Empire
504:
501:
499:
496:
481:Main article:
478:
475:
422:in Russia and
390:
389:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
369:
366:
359:
358:
355:
353:License plates
349:
348:
345:
339:
338:
322:
316:
315:
312:
305:
304:
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176:
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125:
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116:
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107:
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95:
89:
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83:
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72:
71:
65:
61:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
45:
42:
41:
38:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5645:
5634:
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5609:
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5409:
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5406:Doctors' plot
5404:
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5399:
5397:
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5342:Organizations
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4772:
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4763:
4752:
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4742:Tyumen Oblast
4739:
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4734:
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4716:
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4707:
4701:
4698:
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4693:
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4688:
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4682:
4678:
4672:
4671:Yamalo-Nenets
4669:
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4473:Bashkortostan
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3720:Utusan Online
3717:
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3119:Utusan Online
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2796:. Swarthmore.
2795:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2779:9780805242461
2775:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2764:Gessen, Masha
2759:
2756:
2751:
2749:9780393020304
2745:
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2151:
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2069:Russian:
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2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2041:
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2036:
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2031:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1898:
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1626:Ethnic groups
1625:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1423:moist climate
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1373:
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1357:
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1343:
1341:
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1307:
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1276:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:Joseph Stalin
1220:
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1210:
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1202:
1198:
1190:
1188:
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1177:
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1080:
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1068:
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1033:
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1023:
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992:
987:
982:
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933:
919:
905:
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878:
872:
868:
866:
861:
857:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:Establishment
814:
810:Early history
809:
798:
784:
770:
756:
747:
744:
739:
735:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
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700:
696:
688:
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684:
680:
672:
670:
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663:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
607:
593:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
553:Transbaikalia
550:
546:
538:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:territory of
518:
514:
510:
502:
497:
494:
490:
484:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
388:
385:
378:
375:
367:
364:
356:
354:
346:
344:
343:ISO 3166 code
335:
330:
326:
323:
321:
313:
311:
308: •
302:
300:
297: •
291:
284:
281:
273:
265:
253:
250:
242:
230:
227:
225:
222: •
217:
214:
202:
199:
192:
189:
187:
180:
177:
175:
168:
165:
156:
128:Coordinates:
122:
110:
105:
98:
93:
78:
66:
48:
43:
36:
30:
19:
5539:
5534:Jews on Land
5532:
5525:
5319:
5208:Georgian SSR
5146:Kara-Kirghiz
5130:
5091:Russian SFSR
4929:
4770:
4718:
4661:Khanty-Mansi
4189:
4130:Teploozyorsk
4037:Smidovichsky
3987:
3974:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3863:Nora Levin,
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3800:
3791:
3787:
3757:
3728:. Retrieved
3724:the original
3719:
3709:
3698:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3644:the original
3637:
3626:
3616:February 21,
3614:. Retrieved
3610:the original
3605:
3596:
3586:February 21,
3584:. Retrieved
3580:the original
3575:
3566:
3551:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3523:
3514:
3504:December 30,
3502:. Retrieved
3489:
3464:
3455:
3440:
3422:
3410:. Retrieved
3406:
3396:
3384:. Retrieved
3382:(in Russian)
3379:
3368:
3358:December 22,
3356:. Retrieved
3352:the original
3347:
3338:
3328:December 20,
3326:. Retrieved
3322:the original
3312:
3301:
3288:
3277:
3267:
3259:The Guardian
3258:
3248:
3240:Jewish Press
3229:
3218:
3208:
3197:
3173:
3160:
3151:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:the original
3118:
3108:
3090:
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3011:
3000:
2963:February 18,
2961:. Retrieved
2946:
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2814:February 18,
2812:. Retrieved
2802:
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2595:the original
2588:
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2554:the original
2519:
2509:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:
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2406:
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2331:. Retrieved
2326:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2295:
2285:September 1,
2283:. Retrieved
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2254:the original
2240:
2231:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2182:
2168:
2160:
2150:
2065:
2037:
2027:Beit T'shuva
2011:
1999:unaffiliated
1988:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1790:
1789:
1774:
1747:
1700:Azerbaijanis
1605:
1476:Demographics
1455:
1436:
1427:
1420:
1381:
1353:
1331:
1279:anticyclonic
1272:
1255:Bureya Range
1248:
1216:
1214:
1194:
1184:The Guardian
1182:
1180:
1161:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1124:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1082:
1064:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1012:
1009:
1000:I. L. Peretz
989:
983:
979:George Koval
972:
953:
946:
943:
881:
873:
869:
862:
858:
819:Eventually,
818:
736:
732:Emma Goldman
727:Ber Borochov
707:
692:
676:
664:
617:
572:Gustav Radde
557:
542:
517:Qing Chinese
506:
456:
444:
426:province in
424:Heilongjiang
399:
395:
393:
109:Coat of arms
29:
5363:Yevsektsiya
5326:Birobidzhan
5173:Komi-Zyryan
5168:Kara-Kalpak
5126:Gorno-Altai
5041:Birobidzhan
4981:Vladivostok
4915:Amur Oblast
4637:Zabaykalsky
4617:Krasnoyarsk
4324:Novosibirsk
4249:Kaliningrad
4234:Chelyabinsk
4214:Arkhangelsk
4115:Nikolayevka
4062:Birobidzhan
4027:Obluchensky
3989:Birobidzhan
3730:January 12,
3529:October 15,
3386:October 20,
3129:January 12,
2850:Smithsonian
2563:January 13,
2439:October 15,
2333:January 19,
2307:January 23,
2179:Gosstandart
1785:Chief Rabbi
1642:Percentage
1618:2021 Census
1408:woodworking
1263:Amur valley
1201:Amur Oblast
1093:Chief Rabbi
865:Birobidzhan
821:Birobidzhan
628:Vladivostok
622:connecting
440:Birobidzhan
420:Amur Oblast
201:Birobidzhan
191:Far Eastern
179:Far Eastern
150: /
5557:Categories
4986:Khabarovsk
4700:Sevastopol
4607:Khabarovsk
4508:Ingushetia
4444:Zaporozhye
4384:Sverdlovsk
4120:Priamursky
4095:Izvestkovy
4032:Oktyabrsky
3653:August 10,
3294:Kehr, Dave
3166:Kehr, Dave
2260:August 29,
2142:References
2122:cyrillized
1959:irreligion
1895:Christians
1759:refuseniks
1661:Ukrainians
1639:Population
1636:Ethnicity
1406:, forest,
1362:which has
1296:Government
1286:East Asian
1041:refuseniks
660:Khabarovsk
652:Tikhonkaya
513:Amur River
498:Background
487:See also:
387:www.eao.ru
258:Population
207:Government
5593:Manchuria
5454:Refusenik
5244:Tajik SSR
5031:Ussuriysk
4786:President
4632:Stavropol
4627:Primorsky
4612:Krasnodar
4602:Kamchatka
4568:Tatarstan
4538:Khakassia
4488:Chuvashia
4454:Republics
4439:Yaroslavl
4424:Volgograd
4414:Ulyanovsk
4289:Leningrad
4219:Astrakhan
4125:Smidovich
4100:Khingansk
4010:Districts
3675:(Rosstat)
2110:romanized
2078:romanized
2029:synagogue
1993:, 6% are
1462:Tongjiang
1356:districts
1275:monsoonal
1245:Geography
1233:speaking
1125:In 2002,
968:Smidovich
693:Although
521:Manchuria
320:Time zone
5161:Karachay
5156:Cherkess
5026:Nakhodka
4991:Ulan-Ude
4920:Buryatia
4656:Chukotka
4578:Udmurtia
4553:Mordovia
4518:Kalmykia
4498:Dagestan
4483:Chechnya
4478:Buryatia
4434:Voronezh
4419:Vladimir
4379:Smolensk
4364:Sakhalin
4334:Orenburg
4319:Novgorod
4309:Murmansk
4274:Kostroma
4259:Kemerovo
4224:Belgorod
4067:Obluchye
4022:Leninsky
3909:Archived
3766:Archived
3558:Archived
3412:July 14,
3052:cite web
3030:Archived
2824:cite web
2766:(2016).
2585:"Komzet"
2507:(1861).
2217:Archived
2016:See also
1879:Orthodox
1840:Religion
1771:Tel Aviv
1648:Russians
1368:Obluchye
1253:and the
1199:or with
1075:Tel Aviv
1030:Valdgeym
1018:Cold War
956:Valdgeym
837:Cossacks
827:, while
725:such as
632:Obluchye
535:(1860).
412:far east
368:99000000
224:Governor
138:132°12′E
5432:Zionism
5302:History
5121:Chuvash
5109:Chechen
5036:Magadan
5011:Yakutsk
4733:Ukraine
4548:Mari El
4533:Karelia
4528:Luhansk
4503:Donetsk
4429:Vologda
4374:Saratov
4299:Magadan
4294:Lipetsk
4264:Kherson
4244:Ivanovo
4239:Irkutsk
4229:Bryansk
4200:Oblasts
4110:Londoko
4090:Birakan
3973:of the
3853:, 2016.
3776:Sources
3679:June 1,
3606:ROSSTAT
3576:ROSSTAT
3524:NPR.org
3279:Haaretz
2434:NPR.org
2112::
2105:
2098:Yiddish
2007:atheism
2003:Judaism
1977:
1964:
1955:Atheism
1945:
1930:
1925:Judaism
1915:
1900:
1884:
1868:
1652:133,625
1592:150,453
1581:176,558
1570:190,915
1559:215,937
1548:190,219
1537:172,449
1526:162,856
1518:+206.4%
1515:108,900
1464:in the
1378:Economy
1282:climate
1269:Climate
1231:Yiddish
1227:Russian
1211:Culture
1176:Shabbat
1079:Amurzet
964:Amurzet
877:anthrax
715:Zionism
695:Judaism
644:Londoko
640:Birakan
477:History
471:Yiddish
434:is the
410:in the
402:) is a
383:Website
377:Russian
274:162,014
266:150,453
163:Country
135:48°36′N
70:
5368:Komzet
5357:(EKSM)
5351:(EKP)
5322:(JAO)
5198:Udmurt
5178:Khakas
5141:Kalmyk
5131:Jewish
5114:Ingush
5099:Adyghe
4865:Topics
4719:Jewish
4690:Moscow
4666:Nenets
4493:Crimea
4463:Adygea
4409:Tyumen
4389:Tambov
4369:Samara
4359:Ryazan
4354:Rostov
4304:Moscow
4279:Kurgan
4254:Kaluga
4105:Kuldur
3808:
3647:(XLSX)
2954:
2776:
2746:
2682:
2637:
1893:Other
1877:Other
1783:, the
1750:Jewish
1739:10,774
1713:Tajiks
1687:Tatars
1655:88.8%
1595:−14.8%
1573:−11.6%
1562:+13.5%
1551:+10.3%
1529:+49.5%
1504:35,540
1414:, and
1172:minyan
1168:Moscow
1164:kosher
1153:Chabad
1091:, the
743:raiony
738:Crimea
711:Komzet
650:, and
574:, and
549:Ussuri
467:Israel
447:Jewish
430:. Its
408:Russia
347:RU-YEV
331:
325:UTC+10
167:Russia
5500:Nativ
5193:Tuvan
4996:Chita
4955:Sakha
4597:Altai
4588:Krais
4563:Sakha
4468:Altai
4394:Tomsk
4349:Pskov
4344:Penza
4339:Oryol
4284:Kursk
4269:Kirov
4055:Towns
3477:(XLS)
2874:(PDF)
2557:(PDF)
2550:(PDF)
2057:Notes
1910:Islam
1742:7.2%
1731:1.8%
1728:2,712
1720:0.2%
1707:0.3%
1694:0.3%
1681:0.6%
1668:0.9%
1665:1,292
1622:;
1584:−7.5%
1540:+5.9%
1470:China
829:Japan
825:China
624:Chita
428:China
363:OKTMO
329:MSK+7
314:29.2%
310:Rural
303:70.8%
299:Urban
5373:OZET
5183:Mari
4804:(by
4794:(by
4784:(by
4622:Perm
4573:Tuva
4543:Komi
4456:(24)
4404:Tver
4399:Tula
4329:Omsk
4209:Amur
4202:(48)
4085:Bira
3806:ISBN
3732:2017
3681:2022
3655:2023
3618:2023
3588:2023
3531:2022
3506:2022
3414:2022
3388:2018
3380:СБИС
3360:2011
3330:2021
3131:2017
3058:link
2965:2009
2952:ISBN
2830:link
2816:2009
2774:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2680:ISBN
2635:ISBN
2565:2017
2441:2022
2335:2019
2309:2019
2287:2022
2262:2023
2128:IPA:
2089:IPA:
1957:and
1674:Jews
1614:and
1589:2021
1578:2010
1567:2002
1556:1989
1545:1979
1534:1970
1523:1959
1512:1939
1501:1926
1490:Pop.
1486:Year
1360:town
1235:Jews
1229:and
998:and
973:The
636:Bira
626:and
491:and
436:town
418:and
394:The
283:80th
252:61st
235:Area
97:Flag
4712:(1)
4683:(3)
4649:(4)
4590:(9)
3407:CNN
2740:567
2614:NPR
1968:22%
1949:35%
1904:10%
1872:23%
1717:371
1704:411
1691:431
1678:837
1468:of
438:of
406:of
400:JAO
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