309:(ECU) may be either analog or digital, and the system may or may not have closed-loop lambda control. The system is based on the K-Jetronic mechanical system, with the addition of an electro-hydraulic actuator, essentially a fuel injector inline with the fuel return. Instead of injecting fuel into the intake, this injector allows fuel to bypass the fuel distributor, which varies the fuel pressure supplied to the mechanical injection components based on several inputs (engine speed, air pressure, coolant temperature, throttle position, lambda etc.) via the ECU. With the electronics disconnected, this system will operate as a K-Jetronic system.
391:. The ECU was much cheaper to produce due to more modern components, and was more standardised than the L-Jetronic ECUs. As per L-Jetronic, a vane-type airflow sensor is used. Compared with L-Jetronic, the fuel injectors used by LE-Jetronic have a higher impedance. Three variants of LE-Jetronic exist: LE1, the initial version. LE2 (1984–), featured cold start functionality integrated in the ECU, which does not require the cold start injector and thermo time switch used by older systems. LE3 (1989–), featuring miniaturised ECU with hybrid technology, integrated into the junction box of the mass airflow meter.
1027:
248:, which in turn is determined by the volume of air passing the vane, and by the control pressure. The control pressure is regulated with a mechanical device called the control pressure regulator (CPR) or the warm-up regulator (WUR). Depending on the model, the CPR may be used to compensate for altitude, full load, and/or a cold engine. The injectors are simple spring-loaded
844:
1039:
503:
Mono-Jetronic is different from all other known single-point systems, in that it only relies on a throttle position sensor for judging the engine load. There are no sensors for air flow, or intake manifold vacuum. Mono-Jetronic always had adaptive closed-loop lambda control, and due to the simple
101:
to perform all of the processing. Two important factors that led to the ultimate failure of the
Electrojector system: the use of paper-wrapped capacitors unsuited to heat-cycling and amplitude modulation (tv/ham radio) signals to control the injectors were superseded. The still present lack of
77:
in the late 1950s. Rather than choosing to eradicate the various reliability issues with the
Electrojector system, Bendix instead licensed the design to Bosch. With the role of the Bendix system being largely forgotten D-Jetronic became known as the first widely successful precursor of modern
240:, which divides the single fuel supply line from the tank into smaller lines, one for each injector. The fuel distributor is mounted atop a control vane through which all intake air must pass, and the system works by varying fuel volume supplied to the injectors based on the angle of a
379:, the world's first production fuel injected motorcycle. Despite physical similarity between L-Jetronic components and those produced under license by other manufacturers, the non-Bosch systems should not be called L-Jetronic, and the parts are usually incompatible.
78:
electronic common rail systems; it had constant pressure fuel delivery to the injectors and pulsed injections, albeit grouped (2 groups of injectors pulsed together) rather than sequential (individual injector pulses) as on later systems.
471:
architecture) and 32 kB programme memory based on the 27C256 chip. LH-Jetronic 2.4 has adaptive lambda control, and support for a variety of advanced features; including fuel enrichment based on
113:
fuel delivery, the fuel pressure was not modulated by manifold pressure, and the injectors were fired only once per 2 revolutions on the engine (with half of the injectors being fired each revolution).
324:
Analog fuel injection. L-Jetronic was often called Air-Flow
Controlled (AFC) injection to further separate it from the pressure-controlled D-Jetronic — with the 'L' in its name derived from
149:. Commonly called 'Continuous Injection System (CIS) in the USA. K-Jetronic is different from pulsed injection systems in that the fuel flows continuously from all injectors, while the
594:
62:, in order to calculate the duration of fuel injection pulses. Originally, this system was called Jetronic, but the name D-Jetronic was later created as a
999:
102:
processing power and the unavailability of solid-state sensors meant that the vacuum sensor was a rather expensive precision instrument, rather like a
1085:
911:
864:
546:
Robert Bosch GmbH (1985). Electronically
Controlled Gasoline Fuel-Injected System with Lambda Closed-Loop Control - KE-Jetronic.
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679:
647:
290:
190:
332:, meaning 'air'. In the system, air flow into the engine is measured by a moving vane (indicating engine load) known as the
371:, and others produced similar fuel injection systems for Asian car manufacturers. L-Jetronic manufactured under license by
252:
with nozzles; once fuel system pressure becomes high enough to overcome the counterspring, the injectors begin spraying.
109:
Although conceptually similar to most later systems with individual electrically controlled injectors per cylinder, and
1042:
161:). The volume of air taken in by the engine is measured to determine the amount of fuel to inject. This system has no
496:
Digital fuel injection. This system features one centrally positioned fuel injection nozzle. In the US, this kind of
1080:
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1004:
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injection was marketed as 'throttle body injection' (TBI, by GM), or 'central fuel injection' (CFI, by Ford).
333:
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480:). Some later (post-1995) versions contain hardware support for first generation diagnostics according to
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Volvo enthusiasts. The site mostly focuses on 240-series cars with the Bosch K-Jet fuel injection systems
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control, also named Ku-Jetronic, the letter u denominating USA. The system was developed to comply with
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designed timing mechanism and Lucas labels super-imposed on some components) on the Jaguar V12 engine (
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38:. There are several variations of the technology offering technological development and refinement.
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Baggeroer, Artgur B. L-Jetronic fuel injection. July 1985. General OneFile. Web. 23 July 2012.
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engine load sensing, it is heavily dependent on the lambda sensor for correct functioning.
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respectively, but with closed-loop lambda control. Initially designed for the US market.
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car manufacturers, and by sports and luxury cars produced in small quantities, such as
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Commonly known as 'CIS-E' in the USA. The later KE3 (CIS-E III) variant features
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automobiles. The final car to use K-Jetronic was the 1994 Porsche 911 Turbo 3.6.
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motorcycles. Licensing some of Bosch's L-Jetronic concepts and technologies,
1021:¹Now integrated into other Bosch divisions or business groupings ²Sold
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is measured using a pressure sensor located in, or connected to the
514:, usually with 16 KB of programme memory and without advanced
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Fuel is pumped from the tank to a large control valve called a
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Digital fuel injection, introduced for
California bound 1982
169:
T in
January 1973, and was later installed into a number of
34:
from the 1960s onwards. Bosch licensed the concept to many
451:. The most common variants are LH 2.2, which uses an
336:(VAF) — referred to in German documentation as the
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Electronically controlled mechanical fuel injection. The
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loop or lambda control. K-Jetronic debuted in the 1973.5
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D-Jetronic was essentially a further refinement of the
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to distinguish it from subsequent
Jetronic iterations.
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Fuel injection technology for automotive petrol engines
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LE1-Jetronic, LE2-Jetronic, LE3-Jetronic (1981–1991)
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exhaust emission regulations, and later replaced by
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518:(OBD-II became a requirement in model-year 1996.)
467:80535 microcontroller (a variant of Intel's 8051/
463:programme memory, and LH 2.4, which uses a
443:2) by Bosch. The LH-Jetronic was mostly used by
387:This is a simplified and more modern variant of
153:pressurises the fuel up to approximately 5
81:As in the Electrojector system, D-Jetronic used
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565:Lee Thompson, John De Armond (22 June 1993).
8:
344:, resulting in a simpler and more reliable
1000:Robert Bosch Foundation Fellowship Program
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137:Mechanical fuel injection, 'K' stands for
351:L-Jetronic was used heavily in 1980s-era
459:) microcontroller, and usually a 4
340:or LMM. L-Jetronic used custom-designed
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395:LU1-Jetronic, LU2-Jetronic (1983–1991)
73:fuel delivery system developed by the
46:Analogue fuel injection, 'D' is from
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620:"About Opel fuel injection systems"
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912:Digifant engine management system
431:technology used to determine the
117:The system was last used (with a
1086:Automotive technology tradenames
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842:
648:History of the D-Jetronic System
373:Japan Electronic Control Systems
877:Japan Electronic Control System
488:) and immobiliser functions.
291:California Air Resources Board
1:
435:of air into the engine. This
348:(ECU) than the D-Jetronic's.
865:Broadcast Television Systems
419:models. The 'LH' stands for
30:, developed and marketed by
478:Volvo B204GT/B204FT engines
365:Hitachi Automotive Products
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26:technology for automotive
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840:
492:Mono-Jetronic (1988–1995)
441:Hitzdrahtluftmassenmesser
599:www.bosch-automotive.com
260:First introduced on the
129:) from 1975 until 1979.
54:meaning pressure. Inlet
36:automobile manufacturers
411:LH-Jetronic (1982–1998)
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301:KE-Jetronic (1985–1993)
1066:Fuel injection systems
856:of these are no longer
752:Bosch Security Systems
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377:1980 Kawasaki Z1000-H1
334:volume air flow sensor
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320:L-Jetronic (1974–1989)
316:sensing capabilities.
268:in 1981. A variant of
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133:K-Jetronic (1973–1994)
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42:D-Jetronic (1967–1979)
1010:Robert Bosch Stiftung
984:Robert-Bosch-Hospital
425:"Luftmasse-Hitzdraht"
111:pulse-width modulated
22:is a trade name of a
829:Telex Communications
624:www.users.telenet.be
516:on-board diagnostics
346:engine control unit
342:integrated circuits
307:engine control unit
256:K-Jetronic (Lambda)
85:circuitry, with no
854:shareholdings (any
852:Joint ventures and
786:Former and defunct
757:Bosch Solar Energy
429:hotwire anemometer
375:was fitted to the
75:Bendix Corporation
24:manifold injection
1081:Engine technology
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891:, disbanded)
698:subsidiaries
629:23 September
627:. Retrieved
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604:23 September
602:. Retrieved
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577:. Retrieved
567:"L-Jetronic"
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498:single-point
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445:Scandinavian
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405:LE2-Jetronic
401:LE1-Jetronic
399:The same as
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357:BMW K-Series
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288:California's
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250:check valves
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889:Samsung SDI
883:SB LiMotive
579:17 November
474:exhaust gas
449:Porsche 928
369:NipponDenso
295:KE-Jetronic
274:closed-loop
242:moving vane
191:Rolls-Royce
167:Porsche 911
157:(73.5
99:transistors
1060:Categories
938:Anna Bosch
907:Bosch 1886
887:(50% with
570:(archived
534:References
509:Intel 8051
389:L-Jetronic
270:K-Jetronic
175:Volkswagen
147:continuous
145:, meaning
979:Gerlingen
793:Blaupunkt
772:Worcester
417:Volvo 240
151:fuel pump
104:barometer
1032:Category
922:Motronic
917:Jetronic
900:Products
805:Indramat
718:Gaggenau
574:message)
528:Motronic
522:See also
484:(a.k.a.
482:ISO 9141
353:European
83:analogue
64:retronym
20:Jetronic
1044:Commons
871:Fernseh
799:Fernseh
705:Current
465:Siemens
244:in the
215:Renault
207:Peugeot
203:Ferrari
195:Bentley
171:Porsche
52:"Druck"
967:Places
931:People
885:
762:Dremel
739:Pitsos
572:usenet
486:OBD-II
469:MCS-51
457:MCS-48
455:8049 (
427:- the
421:German
326:German
281:U.S.A.
277:lambda
262:PRV V6
211:Nissan
163:lambda
139:German
93:, the
48:German
993:Other
777:Zexel
732:Balay
689:Bosch
453:Intel
361:Lucas
314:knock
284:state
272:with
219:Volvo
199:Lotus
119:Lucas
823:Skil
767:ETAS
725:NEFF
631:2017
606:2017
581:2009
433:mass
403:and
330:luft
231:Ford
229:and
223:Saab
179:Audi
127:XJ-S
125:and
123:XJ12
89:nor
286:of
227:TVR
183:BMW
159:psi
155:bar
95:ECU
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597:.
461:kB
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681:e
674:t
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608:.
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