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24:
257:
are called balisht, which is the same as dinar among us. If these pieces of paper become tattered from handling they take them to a house which is like our mint and receive new ones instead. The new pieces are not given against payment of any kind, for those in charge of this work receive regular salaries from the Sultan. The amir in charge of that house is one of the most important. If anyone goes to the bazaar with a silver dirham or a dinar intending to buy something with it, it is not accepted and he is disregarded until he pays with a balisht and buys what he wants.
1456:
487:
138:. Jiaochao initially had an expiration period of seven years upon issue but in 1189 this was abolished, giving notes an indefinite lifespan. Like other early Chinese paper currencies, it was a victim of overprinting which led to runaway inflation. In 1214, due to severe hyperinflation, the government began printing notes worth up to 1000
256:
The people of China do not do business for dinars and dirhams. In their country all the gold and silver they acquire they melt down into ingots, as we have said. They buy and sell with pieces of paper the size of the palm of the hand which are stamped with the Sultan's stamp. Twenty-five such pieces
286:
attempted to introduce paper money in his khanate, which imitated the notes issued by the Yuan dynasty so closely that they even had
Chinese words printed on them. However, the experiment proved to be a complete failure, and Gaykhatu was assassinated shortly afterward.
194:'s rule, he issued two different Jiaochao notes. The first in July was backed by silk but was unsuccessful. The second was in October which used the silver standard. It was the first paper currency to be used as the predominant circulating medium in the
554:
1710:
222:. They too suffered from devaluation and hyperinflation. In 1350 the final series of banknotes, the Zhizheng Jiaochao (至正交鈔) was issued. Unlike earlier notes, this was a
547:
2167:
1527:
1297:
762:
970:
120:, a sequence in Chinese history that has never happened before or since. Jiaochao came in ten denominations. Small bills came in 100, 200, 300, 500, and 700
583:
540:
1608:
1449:
1703:
1014:
1736:
1433:
146:
in 1234, the state kept releasing new types of banknotes which were rejected by the public who were only willing to accept transactions in silver.
2222:
965:
854:
206:
after that city was established the same decade. Regional capitals were sometimes authorized to print money as well. The money of the various
1696:
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2285:
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1945:
938:
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143:
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1602:
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142:. The following year, Jiaochao was replaced with a new paper currency the Baoquan (寶泉) which suffered the same fate. Up until the
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1731:
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849:
780:
517:
456:. (1976) A Social and Economic History of the Near East in the Middle Ages. Londen: W. Collins & Co. Ltd. p. 257.
362:
154:
Jin and Song notes continued to circulate in territories conquered by the
Mongols. In 1227, during the last year of
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2000 ff. © Ulrich
Theobald - ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
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1315:
1132:
1118:
960:
728:
715:
683:
453:
175:
167:
130:. Like previous Chinese notes, there was a fee for redeeming them for copper coins: 15
93:
69:
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by 1142. Initially they did not have a unique currency of their own but reused the
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The journey of
William of Rubruck to the eastern parts of the world, 1253-55
279:
203:
198:. The primary press was the Imperial Mint established in 1260, probably in
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1902:
1872:
1480:
1237:
275:
207:
65:
1259:
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77:
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Jiaochao was described by the a number of foreign visitors, including
1955:
1647:
283:
55:
315:(Bilingual ed.). Beijing: The China Finance Publishing House.
1967:
1306:
179:
22:
2075:
1201:
1166:
1692:
1279:
744:
536:
116:
issued the
Jiaochao banknotes three years before minting their
389:"The Invention of Paper Money - History of Chinese Currency"
414:
van
Rubroeck, Willem; Rockhill, William Woodville (1900).
311:
The Inner
Mongolian Numismatic Research Institute (1992).
313:
A Compilation of
Pictures of Chinese Ancient Paper Money
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676:
571:
472:
The
Travels of Ibn Battuta, AD 1325-1354, Volume IV
420:. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society. p.
96:swept control over northern China, conquering the
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300:
274:Later in 1294, in order to control the treasury,
254:
210:of the Yuan were also separately known, as the
1704:
1291:
756:
548:
126:while large bills were in 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10
8:
971:Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty
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1298:
1284:
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763:
749:
741:
555:
541:
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1737:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription
1434:Banknotes of the Ta-Ching Government Bank
296:
966:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
158:'s life, he had silk-backed imitation
513:Economic history of China before 1912
7:
441:
18:Banknote in Jin China and Yuan China
393:Kallie Szczepanski (for ThoughtCo.)
363:"Trade and Currency under the Yuan"
68:first used for the currency of the
636:Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty
144:Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty
14:
2022:Manufacturing and casting process
337:"Paper Money in Premodern China."
1454:
1448:
1161:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
1024:Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns
485:
31:) with its printing plate (1287)
1827:Paper money of the Qing dynasty
1800:Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)
1419:Paper money of the Qing dynasty
886:Second Mongol invasion of Burma
701:Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)
182:for their occupational armies.
2223:Special administrative regions
911:Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
202:. It was certainly located in
60:
51:
43:
1:
2100:Charms and amulets (Yansheng)
1790:Southern Song dynasty coinage
1194:The Story of the Western Wing
1065:Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
789:Division of the Mongol Empire
110:Southern Song dynasty coinage
1880:Yuan of the Red Army Command
1070:Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)
821:conquest of the Song dynasty
1732:History of Chinese currency
1090:Jinan Great Southern Mosque
518:History of Chinese currency
190:In 1260, the first year of
2307:
1680:List of Chinese inventions
976:Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia
855:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
2244:
1848:Historical money of Tibet
1676:
1446:
891:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
579:Alliance Conducted at Sea
226:and was widely rejected.
27:Yuan dynasty banknote (2
2003:Great Qing Treasure Note
1998:Great Ming Treasure Note
1424:Great Qing Treasure Note
1401:Great Ming Treasure Note
1005:Goryeo under Mongol rule
811:Mongol conquest of China
64:) is a Chinese word for
2286:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
1752:By period (before 1912)
1742:Ancient Chinese coinage
1664:Triple Stimulus Voucher
1080:Pagoda of Bailin Temple
901:1344 Yellow River flood
896:War of the Two Capitals
806:Kublai Khan's campaigns
722:Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka
631:1194 Yellow River flood
564:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
1180:The Injustice to Dou E
1085:Temple of Azure Clouds
1015:Science and technology
872:Battle of Ngasaunggyan
816:anti-Mongol fortresses
523:Chinese banknote seals
267:
237:of the travels of the
32:
1775:Southern Tang coinage
916:Battle of Lake Poyang
906:Red Turban Rebellions
470:Gibb, H.A.R. (2010),
178:issued various paper
26:
2110:Vault protector coin
1822:Qing dynasty coinage
1817:Ming dynasty coinage
1812:Yuan dynasty coinage
1780:Liao dynasty coinage
1760:Zhou dynasty coinage
1659:ROC consumer voucher
508:Yuan dynasty coinage
118:own distinct coinage
2276:Medieval currencies
2271:Currencies of China
2093:Historical exonumia
1795:Western Xia coinage
1770:Xin dynasty coinage
1765:Han dynasty coinage
1719:Currencies of China
1099:Society and culture
826:Battle of Xiangyang
106:coinage of the Liao
48:traditional Chinese
2281:Banknotes of China
1464:Privately produced
1187:The Orphan of Zhao
956:Imperial Preceptor
706:Huining Prefecture
624:Treaty of Shaoxing
444:, p. 890-891.
246:William of Rubruck
40:simplified Chinese
33:
2258:
2257:
2164:New Taiwan dollar
2156:Chinese gold yuan
2151:Old Taiwan dollar
2143:Customs gold unit
2135:Republic of China
1841:Other territories
1686:
1685:
1672:
1671:
1520:New Taiwan dollar
1444:
1443:
1273:
1272:
738:
737:
599:Jingkang incident
164:Sorghaghtani Beki
76:and later by the
2298:
2250:Economy of China
2231:Hong Kong dollar
1713:
1706:
1699:
1690:
1651:stimulus coupons
1644:
1538:Hong Kong dollar
1458:
1452:
1321:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1243:ʼPhags-pa script
1173:The Chalk Circle
1154:Zhongyuan Yinyun
1041:Shiyi Dexiaofang
799:Kaidu–Kublai war
794:Toluid Civil War
765:
758:
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218:of the reign of
196:history of China
100:and half of the
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2236:Macanese pataca
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2017:
1961:Kaiyuan Tongbao
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1304:
1274:
1269:
1249:History of Yuan
1216:
1147:Wenxian Tongkao
1112:History of Liao
1094:
1075:Miaoying Temple
1053:
1009:
927:
923:Ispah rebellion
775:
769:
739:
734:
672:
567:
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502:History of Yuan
491:
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454:Ashtor, Eliyahu
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395:. March 8, 2017
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369:. June 17, 2014
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212:Zhongtong notes
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1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
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1868:Xinjiang coins
1865:
1863:Mengjiang yuan
1860:
1858:Manchukuo yuan
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1850:
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1834:
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1785:Da Shu coinage
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1375:Yuan dynasties
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1316:Imperial China
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1133:Shilin Guangji
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1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
1000:
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988:
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961:Zhongshu Sheng
958:
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783:
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776:
770:
768:
767:
760:
753:
745:
736:
735:
733:
732:
729:History of Jin
725:
718:
716:Yanqing Temple
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
692:
691:
684:Jurchen people
680:
678:
674:
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671:
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530:
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510:
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343:. May 10, 2016
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2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:Silver dollar
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Zhaona Xinbao
2113:
2111:
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2043:
2035:
2034:Ancestor coin
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2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2013:Silver Dragon
2011:
2009:
2008:Hubu Guanpiao
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
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1957:
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1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Ant-nose coin
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
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224:fiat currency
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216:Zhiyuan notes
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197:
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185:
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177:
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150:Mongol Empire
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30:
25:
21:
16:
2291:Yuan dynasty
2120:Bamboo tally
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
1992:
1898:Cowrie shell
1607:
1590:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1411:Qing dynasty
1393:Ming dynasty
1382:
1343:Song dynasty
1325:Tang dynasty
1247:
1221:Other topics
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
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1140:Menggu Ziyun
1138:
1131:
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1117:
1110:
1058:Architecture
1046:
1039:
1029:
1022:
772:Yuan dynasty
727:
720:
695:
500:
493:Money portal
471:
464:Bibliography
449:
437:
425:. Retrieved
416:
409:
397:. Retrieved
392:
383:
371:. Retrieved
366:
357:
345:. Retrieved
340:
331:
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273:
255:
228:
215:
211:
189:
186:Yuan dynasty
156:Genghis Khan
153:
139:
135:
131:
127:
121:
114:Wanyan Liang
102:Song dynasty
98:Liao dynasty
91:
82:Yuan dynasty
59:
35:
34:
20:
15:
2045:Near modern
2029:Mother coin
1973:Flying cash
1923:Spade money
1913:Knife money
1333:Flying cash
1309:paper money
1106:Yuan poetry
944:family tree
689:Wanyan clan
656:Sanfengshan
646:Dachangyuan
399:February 6,
347:February 6,
263:Ibn Battuta
250:Ibn Battuta
231:Rustichello
220:Kublai Khan
192:Kublai Khan
176:Möngke Khan
168:Ögedei Khan
112:. In 1154,
88:Jin dynasty
74:Jin dynasty
2265:Categories
2248:See also:
2105:Horse coin
2060:Candareen
1941:Cash coins
1678:See also:
1638:Joss paper
1528:5th series
1471:Zhuangpiao
932:Government
528:Fiat money
291:References
242:Marco Polo
172:Güyük Khan
84:of China.
1951:Ban Liang
1918:Ying Yuan
1648:Taiwanese
1255:Khanbaliq
996:Dpon-chen
986:Manchuria
951:Empresses
442:Gibb 2010
280:Ilkhanate
270:Ilkhanate
248:, and by
204:Khanbaliq
162:printed.
2179:Renminbi
1993:Jiaochao
1933:Imperial
1903:Tong Bei
1873:Hongqian
1832:Shengbao
1725:Overview
1630:Exonumia
1481:Renminbi
1383:Jiaochao
1238:Borjigin
1048:Nong Shu
1030:Jiaochao
981:Mongolia
939:Emperors
840:Sakhalin
696:Jiaochao
677:See also
651:Daohuigu
641:Yehuling
609:Yancheng
594:Timeline
584:Military
479:See also
427:July 27,
373:July 27,
276:Gaykhatu
260:—
239:Venetian
94:Jurchens
66:banknote
61:jiāochāo
36:Jiaochao
2213:Digital
2078:(liǎng)
1946:Strings
1890:Ancient
1307:Chinese
1260:Shangdu
1228:Mongols
1212:Fashion
1035:Coinage
850:Vietnam
781:History
711:Zhongdu
666:Caizhou
661:Kaifeng
614:Tangdao
572:History
278:of the
235:account
233:in his
200:Yanjing
70:Jurchen
2181:series
2070:(qián)
1983:Guanzi
1978:Jiaozi
1956:Wu Zhu
1620:$ 1000
1483:series
1356:Guanzi
1351:Jiaozi
774:topics
619:Caishi
566:topics
319:
284:Persia
180:scrips
174:, and
78:Mongol
58::
56:pinyin
50::
42::
2125:Token
2076:Tael
2068:Mace
2062:(fēn)
2054:(wén)
2052:Cash
1988:Huizi
1968:Sycee
1615:$ 500
1609:$ 150
1603:$ 100
1361:Huizi
1207:Islam
991:Tibet
877:Pagan
867:Burma
845:Japan
831:Yamen
367:Lumen
244:, by
160:Huizi
80:-led
72:-led
2147:Fabi
2084:Yuan
1598:$ 50
1592:$ 25
1586:$ 20
1581:$ 10
1373:and
1202:Semu
1167:Zaju
1126:Song
429:2019
401:2018
375:2019
349:2018
317:ISBN
214:and
208:eras
140:guàn
136:guàn
134:per
128:guàn
92:The
29:guàn
2208:5th
2203:4th
2198:3rd
2193:2nd
2188:1st
2168:5th
1575:$ 5
1568:$ 1
1561:10¢
1510:5th
1505:4th
1500:3rd
1495:2nd
1490:1st
1371:Jin
1119:Jin
422:201
282:in
132:wén
123:wén
108:or
2267::
1554:5¢
1547:1¢
391:.
365:.
339:.
299:^
252:.
170:,
166:,
54:;
52:交鈔
46:;
44:交钞
2170:)
2166:(
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1285:v
764:e
757:t
750:v
556:e
549:t
542:v
431:.
403:.
377:.
351:.
325:.
38:(
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