53:
645:
2602:
442:
3798:
3818:
564:
3808:
2374:
877:
2316:
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2278:
784:
was sent as ambassador extraordinary to the court, intending to establish more satisfactory commercial relations between China and Great
Britain. The Amherst Embassy proved a failure as a result of Amherst's refusal to perform a kowtow to the Emperor, but would prove to have a significant impact on
734:
official of his father. Heshen was charged with corruption and abuse of power, stripped of his titles, had his property confiscated, and ordered to commit suicide. Heshen's daughter-in-law, Princess Hexiao, a half-sister of the
Jiaqing Emperor, was spared from punishment and given a few properties
884:
The
Jiaqing Emperor commissioned printed compendia of courtly collections, which are an important source for our present understanding of Qing court art. He was a keen scholar of the Confucian classics (to which he devoted much of his time in the early years of his reign when the Qianlong Emperor
742:
Heshen was described as the 'primary evil' effecting the Empire, and after his removal the
Emperor pursued a series of reforms of the court, civil service and treasury. He was a traditionalist in terms of his role as an ethnic Manchu leader, taking parts in imperial hunts, inspection tours, and
761:(1795–1806) rebellions, as well as an empty imperial treasury. The Jiaqing Emperor engaged in the pacification of the empire and the quelling of rebellions, although this came at a steep fiscal cost. He endeavored to bring China back to its 18th-century prosperity and power.
668:
in his name was changed from the more common 永 to the less common 顒. This novelty was introduced by the
Qianlong Emperor, who believed that it was not proper to have a commonly used Chinese character in an emperor's personal name due to the longstanding practice of
695:
The
Qianlong Emperor originally had two other sons in mind for succeeding him, but both of them died early from diseases, hence in December 1773 he secretly chose Yongyan as his successor. In 1789, the Qianlong Emperor instated Yongyan as "Prince Jia
772:, with the intention of assassinating the Emperor upon his return from a hunting trip. The Jiaqing Emperor was intrigued by the leader of the rising, Lin Qing, and summoned him to a private interrogation. Lin was later executed by slicing.
708:
In
October 1795, the 60th year of his reign, the Qianlong Emperor announced his intention to abdicate in favour of Prince Jia. He made this decision because he felt that it was disrespectful for him to rule longer than his grandfather, the
52:
814:
includes one statute titled "Prohibitions
Concerning Sorcerers and Sorceresses" (禁止師巫邪術). In 1811, a clause was added to it with reference to Christianity. It was modified in 1815 and 1817, settled in its final form in 1839 under the
717:"Jiaqing" in February 1796, hence he is historically known as the Jiaqing Emperor. For the next three years, however, the Jiaqing Emperor was emperor in name and rite only because decisions were still made by his father, who became a
2695:
636:
into China. Assessments of his reign are mixed, either seen as the "beginning of the end" of the Qing dynasty, or as a period of moderate reform that presaged the intellectual movements of the 1860s.
3465:
2860:
743:
upholding strict court protocol. As part of this traditionalist approach, the
Jiaqing Emperor promoted ministers on the basis of their commitment to a 'purist' approach to Confucian rule.
3049:
3403:
3378:
3009:
3004:
2726:
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1846:
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644:
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3783:
3778:
3540:
2837:
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who had criticised the policies of the
Qianlong Emperor and Heshen, instead exiling him to a remote part of northern China and pardoning him altogether in 1800.
3560:
3044:
2781:
3373:
3368:
3089:
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3635:
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3618:
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as having 'relied on rhetoric more than specific policies to cleanse his empire', with Heshen's clique soon replaced by other bureaucratic factions.
4207:
3535:
3430:
2222:
3515:
2719:
2471:
2353:
2216:
911:
did not record a cause of death. Some have alleged that he died after being struck by lightning, but others prefer the theory that he died of a
4197:
4192:
3485:
2675:
4187:
3545:
3520:
3440:
2173:
2073:
726:
After the death of the Qianlong Emperor in the beginning of February 1799, the Jiaqing Emperor took control of the government and prosecuted
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2647:
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60:
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1864:
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3801:
3708:
3590:
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2905:
2712:
3495:
3490:
3114:
781:
798:
2063:
3723:
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3450:
2900:
1107:
939:
765:
3840:
3445:
3134:
3094:
2940:
462:
2040:
Gao Hao. “The Amherst Embassy and British Discoveries in China.” History, vol. 99, no. 4 (337), 2014, pp. 568–87, here p.568
1841:
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476:
849:
3393:
2464:
1069:
2822:
3738:
3698:
3525:
2378:
1774:
2323:
Life among the Chinese: with characteristic sketches and incidents of missionary operations and prospects in China
2092:
Life among the Chinese: with characteristic sketches and incidents of missionary operations and prospects in China
3678:
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3059:
2910:
2892:
2852:
2814:
2738:
577:
3703:
3628:
3575:
3019:
2804:
2743:
2623:
1188:
824:
758:
581:
3348:
3343:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4125:
3640:
3585:
3109:
2615:
1137:
898:
265:
159:
3079:
3034:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2619:
2457:
660:. His personal name, "Yongyan" (永琰), was later changed to "Yongyan" (顒琰) when he became the emperor. The
4040:
3963:
3455:
3261:
3129:
3099:
3074:
2651:
2627:
2611:
1783:
1483:
1200:
915:, as the emperor was quite obese. He was succeeded by his second son, Mianning, who became known as the
907:
811:
754:
441:
4110:
2827:
4182:
4177:
3645:
3505:
3408:
3338:
3064:
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396:
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4015:
4010:
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2704:
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3753:
3383:
2794:
1398:
4120:
3928:
3817:
1049:
259:
3773:
3748:
3688:
3652:
3312:
3287:
3204:
2999:
2935:
2832:
2799:
2789:
2763:
1829:
1647:
951:
923:
747:
677:
428:
320:
193:
175:
4105:
4050:
4035:
3958:
3933:
3923:
2982:
4156:
3886:
3189:
2967:
2875:
2556:
2169:
2069:
2049:
1366:
1010:
661:
653:
632:
of his father and attempted to restore order within the empire while curbing the smuggling of
542:
534:
239:
218:
137:
4146:
3832:
2347:
827:
among Han Chinese and Manchus. Christians who would not repent their conversion were sent to
4020:
3953:
3901:
3891:
3878:
3768:
3733:
3718:
3662:
3613:
3069:
3039:
2925:
2920:
2870:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2441:
2430:
2423:
1807:
1424:
1091:
973:
916:
816:
793:
746:
The impact of the Jiaqing Emperor's reforms are questionable, with the Emperor described by
714:
621:
609:
499:
435:
418:
247:
98:
88:
78:
4151:
4141:
3693:
3398:
3292:
3194:
3029:
3024:
3014:
2994:
2952:
2947:
2586:
2581:
2546:
2524:
820:
585:
571:
375:
352:
332:
311:
292:
31:
2096:
520:
4005:
3743:
3713:
3623:
3317:
3297:
3054:
2977:
2957:
2551:
1834:
1792:
1758:
1340:
769:
753:
At the time, the Qing Empire faced internal disorder, most importantly the large-scale
719:
710:
342:
Shoutian Xingyun Fuhua Suiyou Chongwen Jingwu Guangyu Xiaogong Qinjian Duanmin Yingzhe
3307:
2201:
Ricarda Brosch, "The Jiaqing Emperor" in Jessica Harrison-Hall and Julia Lovell (eds)
2188:
Ricarda Brosch, "The Jiaqing Emperor" in Jessica Harrison-Hall and Julia Lovell (eds)
2001:
Ricarda Brosch, "The Jiaqing Emperor" in Jessica Harrison-Hall and Julia Lovell (eds)
1962:
Ricarda Brosch, "The Jiaqing Emperor" in Jessica Harrison-Hall and Julia Lovell (eds)
1949:
Ricarda Brosch, "The Jiaqing Emperor" in Jessica Harrison-Hall and Julia Lovell (eds)
1923:
Ricarda Brosch, "The Jiaqing Emperor" in Jessica Harrison-Hall and Julia Lovell (eds)
735:
from Heshen's estates. The Jiaqing Emperor commuted the death sentence of the scholar
4171:
3948:
3683:
3256:
3163:
2326:
2307:
2288:
713:, who was on the throne for 61 years. Prince Jia ascended the throne and adopted the
689:
685:
792:'s request to change his country's name to Nam Việt. He changed the name instead to
3989:
3938:
3863:
3475:
3363:
3333:
2989:
2532:
2528:
2521:
changed the dynastic name to "Great Qing" in 1636 and claimed the title of emperor.
2514:
2484:
736:
670:
617:
613:
506:
408:
4070:
1278:
1219:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4055:
3973:
3914:
3470:
3358:
3353:
3302:
3266:
2393:
1889:
1797:
1167:
681:
598:
366:
2449:
2090:
4115:
4075:
3728:
3608:
3500:
3220:
2541:
2518:
2505:
1245:
of the Second Rank (慧安和碩公主; 31 December 1786 – June/July 1795), fifth daughter
1033:
876:
253:
4085:
4030:
4025:
3943:
3240:
3235:
1087:
of the Second Rank (莊敬和碩公主; 30 January 1782 – 4 April 1811), third daughter
984:
of the First Rank (莊靜固倫公主; 20 October 1784 – 27 June 1811), fourth daughter
731:
629:
2346:
1128:
of the First Rank (慧愍固倫公主; 18 February 1811 – 28 June 1815), ninth daughter
2373:
768:, led by a millenarian Buddhist sect that launched a failed attack on the
3230:
3225:
3184:
1094:
991:
832:
789:
3388:
2500:
1112:
1044:
1028:
1015:
927:
902:
657:
403:
391:
163:
141:
17:
1171:(華妃) of the Hougiya clan (侯佳氏; ? – 3 August 1808), personal name
3199:
2203:
Creators of Modern China: 100 Lives from Empire to Republic 1796–1912
2190:
Creators of Modern China: 100 Lives from Empire to Republic 1796–1912
2003:
Creators of Modern China: 100 Lives from Empire to Republic 1796–1912
1964:
Creators of Modern China: 100 Lives from Empire to Republic 1796–1912
1951:
Creators of Modern China: 100 Lives from Empire to Republic 1796–1912
1925:
Creators of Modern China: 100 Lives from Empire to Republic 1796–1912
1815:
1194:
1160:
1132:
956:
912:
865:
828:
727:
697:
625:
1080:
of the Second Rank (穆郡王; 4 February 1780 – 10 June 1780), first son
1073:(和裕皇貴妃) of the Liugiya clan (劉佳氏; 9 January 1761 – 27 April 1834)
4065:
3271:
2972:
988:
875:
643:
633:
676:
Yongyan was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. His mother was
3179:
2591:
2325:, by Robert Samuel Maclay, a publication from 1861, now in the
1205:(信妃) of the Liugiya clan (劉佳氏; 26 April 1783 – 26 November 1822)
836:
3836:
2708:
2453:
684:
official whose family had been long integrated into the Manchu
1262:
1090:
Married Sodnamdorji (索特納木多布濟; ? – 1825) of the Mongol
1255:(淳嬪) of the Donggiya clan (董佳氏; ? – 30 November 1819)
764:
In 1813, the Jiaqing Emperor also faced the threat of the
597:(13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his
987:
Married Manibadala (瑪尼巴達喇; ? – 1832) of the Mongol
802:
contains the diplomatic correspondence over the naming.
2495:
Later Jin rulers posthumously regarded as Qing emperors
2287:, by Ernst Faber, a publication from 1897, now in the
977:(道光帝; 16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), second son
930:, in the Chang (昌; lit. "splendid") mausoleum complex.
905:, where the imperial court was in summer quarters. The
1238:(遜嬪) of the Shen clan (沈氏; ? – 31 December 1786)
3010:
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
897:
On 2 September 1820, the Jiaqing Emperor died at the
539:
525:
511:
2164:
Brunnert, H. S.; Hagelstrom, V. V. (15 April 2013).
1056:(瑞懷親王; 9 March 1805 – 27 September 1828), fourth son
673:
in the imperial family during ancient China period.
4134:
3998:
3982:
3910:
3876:
3661:
3599:
3421:
3326:
3280:
3249:
3213:
3172:
3156:
3147:
2891:
2851:
2813:
2780:
2762:
2753:
533:
519:
505:
498:
493:
475:
461:
452:
434:
424:
414:
402:
390:
365:
331:
303:
284:
238:
182:
169:
147:
122:
118:
110:
105:
94:
84:
74:
66:
59:
41:
3085:1998 attacks on Christians in southeastern Gujarat
3050:Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era
3005:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany
2883:Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam
1898:) seal used for calligraphy and handwritten works.
1040:(惇恪親王; 6 August 1795 – 18 January 1838), third son
656:, 8 km (5 mi) northwest of the walls of
788:The Jiaqing Emperor refused the Vietnamese ruler
3120:2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka
1144:(惠端親王; 8 March 1814 – 9 January 1865), fifth son
1097:on 24 December 1801 and had issue (one daughter)
823:. It sentenced Europeans to death for spreading
2838:Destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
901:(熱河行宫), 230 km (140 mi) northeast of
680:, the daughter of Wei Qingtai (魏清泰), an ethnic
309:Jiaqing (嘉慶): 9 February 1796 – 2 February 1821
835:, to be given as slaves to Muslim leaders and
3848:
2720:
2465:
1887:
889:ruler), with 15,267 poems attributed to him.
785:British views of China and the Qing dynasty.
481:
467:
8:
3090:1998 attacks on Christians in Dangs district
922:The Jiaqing Emperor was interred amidst the
2166:Present Day Political Organization of China
2065:Chinese History in Geographical Perspective
1018:(鈕祜祿氏; 20 November 1776 – 23 January 1850)
3855:
3841:
3833:
3153:
2759:
2727:
2713:
2705:
2472:
2458:
2450:
2384:
2068:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 67–.
1322:
723:(emperor emeritus) after his abdication.
648:Jiaqing as a Child with Empress Xiaoyichun
490:
38:
3125:2021 anti-Christian violence in Karnataka
2359:United States Government Printing Office
2223:Taipei Municipal University of Education
2121:Qin ding da Qing hui dian (Jiaqing chao)
926:, 120 km (75 mi) southwest of
616:and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over
2306:, a publication from 1896, now in the
2062:Jeff Kyong-McClain; Yongtao Du (2013).
1916:
1876:
582:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
208: 1774; died 1797)
3924:Prince Li ** Prince Xun ** Prince Kang
1842:Lord Jiaqing and The Journey to Taiwan
1796:(2006), a historical fantasy novel by
1554:
1550:
1540:
1441:
1331:
1327:
959:(喜塔臘氏; 2 October 1760 – 5 March 1797)
864:) to the descendants of Tang essayist
847:The Jiaqing Emperor granted the title
541:
449:
281:
270:Princess Zhuangjing of the Second Rank
1707:
1704:
1694:
1682:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1652:
1646:
1636:
1624:
1614:
1610:
1598:
1595:
1585:
1572:
1562:
1558:
1537:
1527:
1514:
1504:
1500:
1488:
1482:
1472:
1459:
1449:
1445:
1429:
1423:
1413:
1397:
1387:
1383:
1371:
1365:
1355:
1339:
1335:
273:Princess Zhuangjing of the First Rank
7:
3983:Demoted but non-downgrading peerages
3807:
3105:2007 Christmas violence in Kandhamal
2354:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
2321:This article incorporates text from
2302:This article incorporates text from
2283:This article incorporates text from
2252:National Museum of Taiwan Literature
2205:(Thames & Hudson, 2023) pp14 -16
2192:(Thames & Hudson, 2023) pp14 -16
2005:(Thames & Hudson, 2023) pp14 -16
1966:(Thames & Hudson, 2023) pp14 -16
1953:(Thames & Hudson, 2023) pp14 -16
1927:(Thames & Hudson, 2023) pp14 -16
1115:(鈕祜祿氏; 28 May 1787 – 23 April 1860)
1865:Chinese emperors family tree (late)
1281:(瓜爾佳氏; 1 March 1785 – 29 July 1837)
3709:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
2906:1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari
624:. During his reign, he prosecuted
70:9 February 1796 – 2 September 1820
27:Emperor of China from 1796 to 1820
25:
4213:Anti-Christian sentiment in China
3115:2008 Kandhamal nun gang rape case
1888:
819:, and repealed in 1870 under the
782:William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst
700:" (嘉親王; or simply "Prince Jia").
3816:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3724:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
2600:
2372:
2314:
2295:
2276:
2095:. Carlton & Porter. p.
1823:Lord Jiaqing's Journey to Taiwan
1804:Lord Jiaqing's Journey to Taiwan
1228:(14 May 1780 – 24 November 1783)
1181:(2 August 1789 – June/July 1790)
1121:(8 March 1805 – 14 January 1806)
965:(2 June 1780 – 6 September 1783)
562:
440:
266:Prince Huiduan of the First Rank
260:Prince Ruihuai of the First Rank
51:
4208:Chinese critics of Christianity
2901:Constantinople massacre of 1821
2304:The Chinese recorder, Volume 27
2149:徐錫麟 ; 錢泳 (10 September 2014).
1108:Imperial Noble Consort Gongshun
940:Consorts of the Jiaqing Emperor
227:
205:
3949:Prince Chengze (Prince Zhuang)
3095:1998 Ramgiri-Udaygiri violence
2843:Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305)
2168:. Routledge. pp. 493–94.
1751:In fiction and popular culture
1024:(2 August 1793 – 16 July 1795)
880:Emperor Jiaqing in Court dress
860:
855:
540:
526:
512:
482:
468:
254:Prince Dunke of the First Rank
1:
4198:19th-century Chinese monarchs
4193:18th-century Chinese monarchs
3779:Eastern Catholics in the USSR
2963:Great Famine of Mount Lebanon
2931:Tự Đức's Catholic persecution
2660:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2285:China in the light of history
2089:Robert Samuel Maclay (1861).
1781:Portrayed by Tang Jiatong in
899:Rehe (Jehol) Traveling Palace
620:. He was the 15th son of the
290:Aisin-Gioro Yongyan (愛新覺羅·顒琰)
4188:Emperors of the Qing dynasty
1222:(關佳氏; ? – 14 May 1780)
1197:(王佳氏; ? – 9 March 1811)
106:Prince Jia of the First Rank
2029:The Search for Modern China
2016:The Search for Modern China
1990:The Search for Modern China
1977:The Search for Modern China
1938:The Search for Modern China
1538:Jiaqing Emperor (1760–1820)
1271:(榮嬪) of the Liang clan (梁氏)
1070:Imperial Noble Consort Heyu
1000:Miscarriage at three months
872:Personal life and interests
61:Emperor of the Qing dynasty
4249:
3939:Prince Zheng (Prince Jian)
3739:Saints of the Cristero War
3699:Saint Martyrs of Jasenovac
3130:2010 Manila hostage crisis
2153:. 朔雪寒 . GGKEY:J62ZFNAA1NF.
2138:. 朔雪寒 . GGKEY:ESB6TEXXDCT.
2108:mohammedan slaves to beys.
1772:Portrayed by Shaun Tam in
1552:
1435:
1329:
937:
806:Opposition to Christianity
315:
29:
4203:Persecution of Christians
3792:
3679:Massacre of the Innocents
3060:Maluku sectarian conflict
2739:Persecution of Christians
2609:
2598:
2491:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2414:
2387:
2134:王士禎 (3 September 2014).
1940:(Norton, 1990), pp143-144
1811:
1765:Portrayed by Xin Baiqing
1688:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1630:
1612:
1604:
1579:
1560:
1556:
1521:
1502:
1494:
1466:
1447:
1443:
1407:
1385:
1377:
1349:
1333:
1311:First Class Attendant Hui
994:in November/December 1802
554:
489:
457:
372:
338:
308:
289:
280:
50:
3911:Non-downgrading peerages
3629:Violence against Mormons
2805:Diocletianic Persecution
2744:Anti-Christian sentiment
1756:Portrayed by Yu Yang in
652:Yongyan was born in the
463:Traditional Chinese
30:Not to be confused with
4233:Qianlong Emperor's sons
3944:Prince Su (Prince Xian)
3110:2008 Kandhamal violence
2215:Lai, Shu Chuan (2005).
766:Eight Trigrams uprising
704:Accession to the throne
602:Emperor Renzong of Qing
477:Simplified Chinese
346:(受天興運敷化綏猷崇文經武光裕孝恭勤儉端敏英哲
3870:s (first-rank princes)
3734:North American Martyrs
3080:Maspero demonstrations
3035:Mountain War (Lebanon)
2823:Homs revolts (854–855)
2244:"臺語文學發展年表 (1980-1989)"
1063:Imperial Noble Consort
881:
649:
570:This article contains
355:: Sunggiyen hūwangdi (
114:1789 – 9 February 1796
3349:Tomás Garrido Canabal
3344:Plutarco Elías Calles
3262:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
3100:1999 Ranalai violence
3075:Boko Haram insurgency
2916:1860 Lebanon conflict
2513:Enthroned in 1626 as
2343:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
2329:in the United States.
2310:in the United States.
2291:in the United States.
2123:. 1818. p. 1084.
2031:(Norton, 1990), p168
1992:(Norton, 1990), p166
1979:(Norton, 1990), p166
1784:Story of Yanxi Palace
1484:Empress Xiaoshengxian
1305:First Class Attendant
908:Draft History of Qing
879:
812:Great Qing Legal Code
647:
314:: Saicungga fengšen (
3999:Downgrading peerages
3409:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
3339:Mwanga II of Buganda
3065:Nag Hammadi massacre
2866:Revolt in the Vendée
2394:House of Aisin-Gioro
2381:at Wikimedia Commons
2018:(Norton, 1990), p168
1163:(完顏氏; ? – 1792)
325:ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ
3784:21 Martyrs of Libya
3764:522 Spanish Martyrs
3759:498 Spanish Martyrs
3754:233 Spanish Martyrs
2795:Persecution in Lyon
2527:began to rule over
1460:Lingzhu (1664–1754)
1399:Empress Xiaogongren
323:: Сайшаалт ерөөлт (
3915:"iron-cap" princes
3774:Martyrs of Daimiel
3749:Vietnamese Martyrs
3689:Carthusian Martyrs
3288:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
3157:Early Christianity
3000:Red Terror (Spain)
2936:Hamidian massacres
2833:Bashmurian revolts
2828:Martyrs of Córdoba
2800:Decian persecution
2790:Great Fire of Rome
2764:Early Christianity
1648:Empress Xiaoyichun
952:Empress Xiaoshurui
924:Western Qing Tombs
882:
678:Noble Consort Ling
650:
429:Empress Xiaoyichun
194:Empress Xiaoshurui
176:Western Qing tombs
4165:
4164:
4135:Posthumous titles
3830:
3829:
3636:Oriental Orthodox
3417:
3416:
3190:Septimius Severus
3143:
3142:
2973:Assyrian genocide
2968:Armenian genocide
2876:Kakure Kirishitan
2861:French Revolution
2702:
2701:
2448:
2447:
2438:Succeeded by
2377:Media related to
2175:978-1-135-79795-9
2075:978-0-7391-7230-8
2027:Jonathan Spence.
2014:Jonathan Spence.
1988:Jonathan Spence.
1975:Jonathan Spence.
1936:Jonathan Spence.
1767:Legend of Jiaqing
1747:
1746:
1367:Yongzheng Emperor
1142:of the First Rank
1054:of the First Rank
1038:of the First Rank
1011:Empress Xiaoherui
776:Foreign relations
698:of the First Rank
662:Chinese character
654:Old Summer Palace
578:rendering support
558:
557:
550:
549:
500:Standard Mandarin
448:
447:
386:
385:
219:Empress Xiaoherui
174:Chang Mausoleum,
16:(Redirected from
4240:
4021:Prince Duanzhong
3954:Prince Shuncheng
3857:
3850:
3843:
3834:
3820:
3810:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3769:Martyrs of Turon
3719:Martyrs of Japan
3672:
3619:Eastern Orthodox
3602:persecuted group
3154:
3135:Genocide by ISIL
3070:Kosheh massacres
3040:Beer Hall Putsch
2926:Kucheng massacre
2921:Tianjin Massacre
2871:Martyrs of Japan
2760:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2604:
2537:
2531:, replacing the
2497:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2451:
2442:Daoguang Emperor
2431:Emperor of China
2424:Qianlong Emperor
2420:Preceded by
2410:
2409:2 September 1820
2403:
2402:13 November 1760
2389:Jiaqing Emperor
2385:
2376:
2362:
2350:
2348:"Yung-yen"
2318:
2317:
2299:
2298:
2280:
2279:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2161:
2155:
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2140:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1850:
1838:
1813:
1425:Qianlong Emperor
1323:
1022:Seventh daughter
1002:(18 August 1785)
974:Daoguang Emperor
917:Daoguang Emperor
893:Death and burial
862:
857:
843:Chinese nobility
817:Daoguang Emperor
799:Đại Nam thực lục
757:(1796–1804) and
622:Qianlong Emperor
608:, was the sixth
604:, personal name
584: instead of
566:
565:
546:
545:
544:
529:
528:
515:
514:
491:
485:
484:
471:
470:
450:
444:
419:Qianlong Emperor
381:
360:
326:
317:
298:
282:
248:Daoguang Emperor
231:
229:
209:
207:
157:(嘉慶二十五年 七月 二十五日)
154:
151:2 September 1820
138:Imperial Gardens
133:13 November 1760
132:
130:
99:Qianlong Emperor
89:Daoguang Emperor
79:Qianlong Emperor
55:
46:
39:
21:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4130:
4061:Prince Chun (淳)
4046:Prince Chun (純)
4016:Prince Ying (英)
4011:Prince Ying (穎)
3994:
3978:
3912:
3906:
3872:
3861:
3831:
3826:
3788:
3694:Chinese Martyrs
3666:
3665:
3657:
3601:
3595:
3423:
3413:
3399:Abubakar Shekau
3322:
3293:Tokugawa Ieyasu
3276:
3245:
3209:
3195:Maximinus Thrax
3168:
3149:
3139:
3030:Damour massacre
3025:Chouf massacres
3015:Istanbul pogrom
2995:Shusha massacre
2983:İzmit massacres
2953:Boxer Rebellion
2948:Candia massacre
2887:
2847:
2809:
2776:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2733:
2703:
2698:
2605:
2596:
2525:Shunzhi Emperor
2522:
2511:
2493:
2487:
2478:
2444:
2434:
2426:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2379:Jiaqing Emperor
2369:
2341:
2338:
2336:Further reading
2333:
2315:
2296:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2101:
2099:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1861:
1844:
1839:(Tân A-lân) in
1832:
1753:
1748:
1320:
1119:Eighth daughter
1111:(恭順皇貴妃) of the
1014:(孝和睿皇后) of the
963:Second daughter
955:(孝淑睿皇后) of the
942:
936:
895:
874:
845:
821:Tongzhi Emperor
808:
778:
748:Jonathan Spence
706:
642:
595:Jiaqing Emperor
591:
590:
589:
586:Manchu alphabet
576:Without proper
567:
563:
453:Jiaqing Emperor
379:
374:
358:
356:
351:
333:Posthumous name
324:
319:
316:ᠰᠠᡳᠴᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡝᠩᡧᡝᠨ
310:
296:
291:
276:
234:
233:
230: 1790)
225:
221:
211:
203:
199:
196:
178:
160:Mountain Estate
158:
156:
152:
136:
134:
128:
126:
44:
43:
42:Jiaqing Emperor
35:
32:Jiajing Emperor
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4246:
4244:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4228:1810s in China
4225:
4223:1800s in China
4220:
4218:1790s in China
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4170:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4132:
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4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4006:Prince Jingjin
4002:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
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3931:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3877:Absorbed into
3874:
3873:
3862:
3860:
3859:
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3837:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3804:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3744:Uganda Martyrs
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3714:Korean Martyrs
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
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3578:
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3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3541:Ottoman Empire
3538:
3533:
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3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
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3414:
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3406:
3401:
3396:
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3381:
3376:
3371:
3369:Vladimir Lenin
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3318:Queen Jeongsun
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3214:Late Antiquity
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Sumgait pogrom
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Black Thursday
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2978:Greek genocide
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Adana massacre
2955:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
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2717:
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2599:
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2549:
2544:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2492:
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2476:
2469:
2462:
2454:
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2445:
2439:
2436:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2415:Regnal titles
2412:
2411:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2368:
2367:External links
2365:
2364:
2363:
2345:, ed. (1943).
2337:
2334:
2332:
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2312:
2293:
2273:
2271:
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2235:
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2141:
2126:
2112:
2081:
2074:
2054:
2052:, p. 120.
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2020:
2007:
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1857:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1826:
1801:
1793:Throne of Jade
1788:
1779:
1775:Succession War
1770:
1763:
1759:War and Beauty
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1341:Kangxi Emperor
1338:
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1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1292:Noble Lady Yun
1283:
1282:
1279:Gūwalgiya clan
1272:
1269:Concubine Rong
1266:
1256:
1253:Concubine Chun
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:First daughter
1216:Concubine Jian
1207:
1206:
1198:
1190:Consort Zhuang
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1179:Sixth daughter
1164:
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1103:
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770:Forbidden City
720:Taishang Huang
711:Kangxi Emperor
705:
702:
641:
638:
628:, the corrupt
580:, you may see
568:
561:
560:
559:
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531:
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527:Chia-ch'ing Ti
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494:Transcriptions
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155:(aged 59)
149:
145:
144:
135:(乾隆二十五年 十月 六日)
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3257:Al-Mutawakkil
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2772:New Testament
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2327:public domain
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2050:Woodside 1971
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2017:
2011:
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1828:Portrayed by
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1821:Portrayed in
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1705:Lady Yanggiya
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1298:Noble Lady Yu
1296:
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1264:
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1236:Concubine Xun
1234:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:Guangiya clan
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1195:Wanggiya clan
1192:
1191:
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1123:
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1095:Borjigin clan
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992:Borjigin clan
990:
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796:. Gia Long's
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688:as part of a
687:
686:Eight Banners
683:
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83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
49:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4111:Prince Cheng
4031:Prince Xiang
3990:Prince Cheng
3896:
3867:
3864:Qing dynasty
3561:Soviet Union
3551:Saudi Arabia
3476:Nazi Germany
3379:Adolf Hitler
3364:Three Pashas
3334:Ranavalona I
3281:Early modern
3173:Roman Empire
3045:Eastern Bloc
2990:Cristero War
2853:Early modern
2782:Roman Empire
2648:N. Dynasties
2644:S. Dynasties
2566:
2533:Ming dynasty
2529:China proper
2512:
2510:
2494:
2485:Qing dynasty
2429:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2352:
2324:
2320:
2305:
2301:
2286:
2282:
2255:. Retrieved
2247:
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2217:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2135:
2129:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2100:. Retrieved
2091:
2084:
2064:
2057:
2045:
2036:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1895:
1883:
1879:
1840:
1822:
1803:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1766:
1757:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1277:(安嬪) of the
1275:Concubine An
1274:
1268:
1261:(恩嬪) of the
1259:Concubine En
1258:
1252:
1242:
1235:
1225:
1218:(簡嬪) of the
1215:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1193:(莊妃) of the
1189:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1159:(恕妃) of the
1156:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1113:Niohuru clan
1106:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1021:
1016:Niohuru clan
1009:
999:
981:
972:
968:
962:
950:
944:
943:
921:
906:
896:
886:
883:
861:Wǔjīng Bóshì
859:
848:
846:
809:
797:
787:
779:
763:
752:
745:
741:
737:Hong Liangji
725:
718:
707:
694:
675:
671:naming taboo
665:
651:
618:China proper
614:Qing dynasty
605:
601:
594:
592:
569:
507:Hanyu Pinyin
378:: Žindzung (
373:Renzong (仁宗)
347:
343:
339:
295:: Yong yan (
153:(1820-09-02)
36:
4183:1820 deaths
4178:1760 births
4152:Prince Huai
4147:Prince Duan
4142:Prince Rong
4096:Prince Rong
4091:Prince Ding
4081:Prince Xian
4066:Prince Lian
4056:Prince Heng
4041:Prince Gong
3974:Prince Qing
3969:Prince Chun
3964:Prince Gong
3887:Prince Yong
3729:New Martyrs
3653:Protestants
3609:Anabaptists
3536:North Korea
3431:Afghanistan
3394:Kim Il-sung
3359:Enver Hoxha
3354:Bai Chongxi
3303:Tipu Sultan
3267:Hulagu Khan
3250:Middle Ages
2911:1850 Aleppo
2815:Middle Ages
2640:16 Kingdoms
2257:1 September
2248:臺灣文學館線上資料平臺
2228:1 September
2218:嘉慶君遊臺灣故事之研究
1845: [
1833: [
1830:Chen Ya Lan
1798:Naomi Novik
1650:(1727–1775)
1486:(1692–1777)
1427:(1711–1799)
1401:(1660–1723)
1369:(1678–1735)
1343:(1654–1722)
1202:Consort Xin
1168:Consort Hua
1161:Wanyan clan
1157:Consort Shu
957:Hitara clan
825:Catholicism
755:White Lotus
682:Han Chinese
640:Early years
599:temple name
397:Aisin-Gioro
367:Temple name
101:(1796–1799)
75:Predecessor
4172:Categories
4157:Prince Zhe
4126:Prince Hui
4121:Prince Rui
4116:Prince Dun
4101:Prince Zhi
4076:Prince Guo
3929:Prince Rui
3902:Prince Zhi
3897:Prince Jia
3892:Prince Bao
3516:Madagascar
3441:Azerbaijan
3404:Xi Jinping
3384:Mao Zedong
3221:Diocletian
3150:persecutor
2941:Diyarbekir
2632:3 Kingdoms
2519:Hong Taiji
2435:1796–1820
2221:. Taipei:
1906:References
1286:Noble Lady
1085:Zhuangjing
982:Zhuangjing
971:(旻寧), the
938:See also:
831:cities in
690:Han Banner
521:Wade–Giles
513:Jiāqìng Dì
129:1760-11-13
4106:Prince Yi
4086:Prince He
4071:Prince Lü
4051:Prince Li
4036:Prince Yu
4026:Prince An
3959:Prince Yi
3934:Prince Yu
3879:the Crown
3641:Armenians
3614:Catholics
3486:Indonesia
3308:Minh Mạng
3241:Athanaric
3236:Shapur II
3164:Agrippa I
2557:Yongzheng
1911:Citations
1818:folklore
1816:Taiwanese
1515:Lady Peng
1241:Princess
1210:Concubine
1124:Princess
1083:Princess
980:Princess
885:remained
780:In 1816,
732:favourite
357:ᠰᡠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ
321:Mongolian
304:Era dates
258:Mianxin,
252:Miankai,
85:Successor
3802:Category
3576:Thailand
3546:Pakistan
3521:Malaysia
3451:Cambodia
3231:Galerius
3226:Maximian
3205:Valerian
3185:Domitian
2756:incident
2592:Xuantong
2577:Xianfeng
2572:Daoguang
2562:Qianlong
2481:Emperors
1859:See also
1318:Ancestry
1263:Uya clan
1092:Khorchin
887:de facto
833:Xinjiang
794:Việt Nam
790:Gia Long
715:era name
630:favorite
264:Mianyu,
183:Consorts
3868:qinwang
3812:Commons
3663:Martyrs
3624:Mormons
3586:Vietnam
3556:Somalia
3531:Nigeria
3511:Lebanon
3436:Algeria
3424:country
3389:Pol Pot
2587:Guangxu
2582:Tongzhi
2567:Jiaqing
2547:Shunzhi
2542:Taizong
2506:Taizong
2483:of the
2270:Sources
1896:Chénhàn
1884:Chenhan
1808:Chinese
1596:Qingtai
1573:Jiuling
1151:Consort
1140:Huiduan
1138:Prince
1076:Prince
1052:Ruihuai
1050:Prince
1045:Mianxin
1034:Prince
1029:Miankai
969:Minning
945:Empress
928:Beijing
903:Beijing
658:Beijing
612:of the
610:emperor
606:Yongyan
404:Dynasty
359:ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ
340:Emperor
297:ᠶᠣᠩ ᠶᠠᠨ
232:
224:
210:
202:
198:
142:Beijing
18:Jiaqing
3822:Portal
3581:Turkey
3526:Mexico
3466:France
3327:Modern
3313:Tự Đức
3298:Kangxi
3200:Decius
2893:Modern
2672:W. Xia
2552:Kangxi
2405:
2319:
2300:
2281:
2172:
2102:6 July
2072:
1852:(2022)
1825:(1980)
1812:嘉慶君遊臺灣
1810::
1787:(2018)
1778:(2018)
1769:(2005)
1762:(2004)
1243:Hui'an
1173:Liuniu
1136:(綿愉),
1133:Mianyu
1126:Huimin
1048:(綿忻),
1032:(綿愷),
934:Family
913:stroke
866:Han Yu
850:Wujing
829:Muslim
728:Heshen
626:Heshen
572:Manchu
425:Mother
415:Father
380:ᡰᡳᠨᡯᡠᠩ
376:Manchu
353:Manchu
312:Manchu
293:Manchu
170:Burial
111:Tenure
95:Regent
3646:Copts
3591:Yemen
3571:Sudan
3566:Spain
3501:Japan
3481:India
3461:Egypt
3456:China
3446:Burma
3272:Timur
2616:Shang
2501:Taizu
2407:Died:
2400:Born:
2151:熙朝新語
2136:池北偶談
1871:Notes
1849:]
1837:]
1814:), a
1313:(慧常在)
1300:(玉贵人)
1294:(芸贵人)
1265:(烏雅氏)
1175:(六妞)
1036:Dunke
989:Tumed
852:Boshi
634:opium
574:text.
392:House
285:Names
240:Issue
226:(
222:
204:(
200:
164:Jehol
67:Reign
3669:list
3506:Laos
3496:Iraq
3491:Iran
3180:Nero
2688:Qing
2684:Ming
2680:Yuan
2668:Song
2664:Liao
2656:Tang
2620:Zhou
2515:Khan
2440:The
2422:The
2259:2023
2230:2023
2170:ISBN
2104:2011
2070:ISBN
856:五經博士
837:beys
810:The
759:Miao
730:, a
666:yong
664:for
593:The
436:Seal
409:Qing
148:Died
123:Born
2696:PRC
2692:ROC
2676:Jīn
2652:Sui
2636:Jìn
2628:Han
2624:Qin
2612:Xia
2097:336
535:IPA
483:嘉庆帝
469:嘉慶帝
348:睿皇帝
344:Rui
45:嘉慶帝
4174::
3600:By
3422:By
3148:By
2754:By
2694:/
2690:→
2686:→
2682:→
2678:→
2674:/
2670:/
2666:/
2662:→
2658:→
2654:→
2650:→
2646:/
2642:→
2638:/
2634:→
2630:→
2626:→
2622:→
2618:→
2614:→
2517:,
2357:.
2351:.
2250:.
2246:.
2106:.
1894:,
1890:宸翰
1847:zh
1835:zh
1078:Mu
919:.
868:.
858:;
839:.
692:.
228:m.
206:m.
162:,
140:,
3917:)
3913:(
3856:e
3849:t
3842:v
3671:)
3667:(
2728:e
2721:t
2714:v
2535:.
2473:e
2466:t
2459:v
2361:.
2261:.
2232:.
2178:.
2078:.
1886:(
1806:(
1800:.
854:(
588:.
382:)
361:)
350:)
327:)
318:)
299:)
131:)
127:(
34:.
20:)
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