800:... and in October 1992 took action against the Irish People's Liberation Organisation (IPLO). The IPLO had a history of criminal activities including a gang rape of a woman in the Divis flats complex and involvement in the growing drug trade. The IRA's action resulted in the execution of one IPLO member and the shooting of a further 20 members with assault rifles in Belfast. The IPLO disbanded shortly after this.
245:. It was also around this time that the IPLO began an "open door" policy to increase membership, allowing criminals and those rejected by other paramilitary groups into their ranks without barriers. Some hardened criminals joined the IPLO to seek protection from the Provisional IRA crackdowns on their illicit activities. This upset many other republican groups and the IPLO's notoriety soared. By late 1991, the
217:
behind the scenes, Brown was increasingly losing control of the IPLO to the gunmen who filled its ranks. In the late 1980s, the IPLO carried out a series of high-profile assassinations of
Loyalist leaders but also a number of mindless attacks on Loyalist pubs in which people were targeted at random. Brown handwaved any criticism of the attacks using his Marxist rhetoric.
170:(executive committee). Thereafter Browne acted as both a political spokesman and an "intelligence officer" who planned bombings and shootings. Those who admired Brown gave him the moniker "the Professor" because of his skill with Marxist rhetoric while his detractors mocked him by calling him "the Clown", due to his involvement in several high-profile blunders.
676:
as something of an intellectual, justified this by pointing to the guerrillas in
Colombia, who finance their war against the state through proceeds from the trade in cocaine. The IPLO was forced to disband by the Provisional IRA in November 1992. But the drug trade goes on, mainly in the hands of elements within the Ulster Defense Association.
675:
The Irish People's
Liberation Organization, a splinter from the Irish National Liberation Army, under the direction of Jimmy Brown, were the first to commence with the importation of drugs on a sizable scale, mainly ecstasy tablets popular at rave parties in the late 1980s. Brown, who fancied himself
575:
The death of
Steenson in a hail of bullets in west Belfast on March 15th effectively ended the feud. The IPLO did retaliate, killing two minor INLA figures a week later, but only to demonstrate that the group was not dependent on Steenson alone. An uneasy peace has since broken out, engineered by two
281:
Brown was killed while sitting in his car on
Clonard Street in the Lower Falls area of West Belfast by the IPLO's Belfast Brigade faction on 18 August 1992. Disgusted by the entire matter, the Provisional IRA moved in and attacked both groups in a large-scale operation on Halloween, dubbed the "Night
216:
Steenson was shot dead on 14 March 1987, leaving Brown the principal political leader of the IPLO/RSC. Brown by this point had moved to Dublin, where his affable personality won over many in the media and far-left circle, leading them to assume Brown was in control of both the IPLO and RSC. However,
290:
Historian
Patrick Maume described Brown's life as a waste of talent, stating "Some sympathy can be felt for as a self-educated working-class boy, shaped by the sectarian violence of the early troubles and seeking in Marxism a tool to make sense of the world. A devious man who deceived himself, he
191:
deemed
Grimley, a petty criminal, unreliable. Nevertheless, Brown and the INLA members continued to be held when a third informer, Harry Kirkpatrick, gave evidence against them. During this time period, Brown used his time in court during bail applicants to make political speeches. He also created
208:
Upon the release of the Brown/Steenson group, they sought retaliation against the O'Reilly group, a feud that would see 11 people killed. As O'Reilly retained the INLA label, the Brown/Steenson faction renamed themselves the 'Irish People's
Liberation Organisation', with Brown forming a political
186:
by-election. However, during his campaign, he was arrested alongside
Steenson and other leading Belfast INLA members after INLA member Rab McAllister became an informant to the police. In March 1983 McAllister retracted his testimony, but Brown and the rest of the detained INLA members were still
204:
had become the leader of the INLA, however, in 1984, McGlinchy was captured while Brown was still in jail. Without McGlinchy, a power vacuum was created within the INLA. One faction fell behind
Belfast's John O'Reilly, while others formed together as an anti-O'Reilly block. Brown was part of the
516:
While Manny was in jail, the arguing and infighting had come to a head and a core of the INLA, including Gerard Steenson, Manny's good friend Jimmy Brown and Martin 'Rook' O'Prey, had broken away and set up the Irish People's Liberation Organisation. At Brown's behest, a political wing, the
273:
in a dispute over profits. After the killing of O'Prey, Brown and the IPLO chief-of-staff threatened to kill "selective loyalist targets", however members instead opted for shooting up loyalist bars and businesses, such as the Diamond Jubilee Bar on the Shankill Road and the
268:
By 1991 it's alleged that IPLO drug dealing had stripped the IPLO/RSC of any remaining political credibility they had and left them solely a criminal gang. In August 1991 it was alleged that the IPLO collaborated with the UVF to kill senior IPLO operator
278:. Following the robbery of a post office in Whiterock, the IPLO split into two groups, the "Army Council" and the "Belfast Brigade". Each side accused the other of drug dealing, collaborating with Loyalists and of working with the British as informants.
165:
as their political wing. Brown did not immediately follow Costello into the INLA, instead remaining within the OIRA until early 1976 as a spy. After that, Brown openly joined the INLA and in December 1977 Brown was made a member of IRSP's
812:
282:
of Long Knives" by Belfast locals. During the operation, one IPLO member was executed and another 20 were shot. Weak, leaderless and demoralised, both factions of the IPLO "surrendered" to the PIRA and disbanded.
220:
By 1989 the IPLO had turned to drug dealing in order to fund the purchase of more weapons. Brown oversaw these operations, using old INLA arms smuggling routes in Western Europe for drug trafficking, particularly
558:
192:
political articles and letters. In December 1985 Brown and the INLA members were convicted of terrorism on Kirkpatrick's evidence, but one year later in December 1986, their sentences were overturned on appeal.
735:
1301:
205:
anti-O'Reilly group, and as a result O'Reilly tried to personally kill Brown's girlfriend in October 1984, while in the summer of 1985, Brown was attacked by O'Reilly followers while in prison.
182:, and in December 1981 Brown supported Steenson's attempt to seize control of the INLA. By February 1983 Brown was chairman of the IRSP's Belfast branch; that same month he contested a
1168:
1291:
241:. When this was put to Brown, he would occasionally justify the IPLO's actions by noting the drug dealing activities of other Marxist paramilitary groups internationally such as
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960:
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held because of the evidence of another informer, Jackie Grimley. In December 1983 the INLA members were put before the court, but Lord Justice
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265:. Paradoxically, Brown also suggested, as an alternative, that all Irish Republican groups should band together as a "broad front".
776:
249:
began to make clear it was not happy with the IPLO and started to threaten action. Brown retorted back by threatening to stand in
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162:
118:
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provided an ideological veneer for sectarian murder and criminality, and expanded paramilitary involvement in drug dealing."
161:
faction which split off as their own organisation in 1974. Their faction became the Irish National Liberation Army, with the
122:
88:
82:
1117:
1225:
453:
1087:
973:
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could take the seat. Brown also declared that if he was attacked, he would have the IPLO assassinate leading members of
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996:
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978:
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1127:
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590:"The Trouble with Peace: The Cease-Fires and their Impact on Drug Use among Youth in Northern Ireland"
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983:
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183:
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where he was a member of their "intelligence department". Within the OIRA, Brown was a member of the
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67:
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The past does not define my future, says son of murdered IPLO terrorist who's running for Alliance
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wing called the 'Republican Socialist Collective'. The IPLO's initial aim was to destroy the
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109:(1956 – 18 August 1992) was a militant Irish republican and drug dealer who was a member of
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538:(PhD of Philosophy in Government thesis). Georgetown University. pp. 163–165, 202–204
246:
179:
158:
1107:
532:
COMPETITION IN THE MARKET FOR POLITICAL VIOLENCE: NORTHERN IRISH REPUBLICANISM, 1969–1998
476:"CAIN: Issues - Violence in Northern Ireland - Paramilitary Feuds - Chronology of events"
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795:
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725:"Terrorists' split could erupt into bloody feud: Violence in Northern Ireland"
777:"The Return of "Captain Moonlight": Informal Justice in Northern Ireland"
142:
42:
234:
826:
502:
Lighting Candles: A Paramilitary's War with Death, Drugs and Demons
385:"Paramilitary Feuds in Northern Ireland - A Chronology of Events"
178:
Brown was closely associated with childhood friend and neighbour
258:
242:
222:
830:
660:"A View North Shocking! Paramilitaries running North's rackets"
1169:
Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America
299:
Brown's son, Emmet McDonough Brown, was elected as an
1302:
People killed during The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
1203:
1177:
1161:
1010:
959:
868:
750:"IRA's Night of Long Knives' part in peace process"
75:
50:
30:
23:
723:
517:Republican Socialist Collective was also formed.
634:(Paperback ed.). Torc. pp. 311–313.
842:
701:. Poolbeg Press. pp. 397, 401-403. 404.
8:
1292:Irish Republican Socialist Party politicians
354:
352:
849:
835:
827:
20:
137:Brown was born on Broadway Road near the
213:and replace it with their organisation.
697:McDonald, Henry; Holland, Jack (2010).
630:Holland, Jack; McDonald, Henry (1994).
348:
1287:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
1282:Irish National Liberation Army members
1190:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
127:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
95:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
1277:Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
653:
651:
529:Sawyer, John Paul (8 December 2010).
442:
440:
438:
436:
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409:Jack Holland; Henry McDonald (1994).
309:2014 Northern Ireland local elections
7:
257:as a spoiler candidate, so that the
145:. As a teenager, he was a member of
891:Irish Republican Socialist Movement
784:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism
722:David McKittrick (21 August 1992).
588:Higgins, Kathryn; McElrath, Karen.
557:Tooher, Patrick (1 December 1987).
320:Jack Holland & Henry McDonald,
658:Holland, Jack (16 February 2011).
301:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
14:
738:from the original on 8 June 2022.
504:. Black & White Publishing.
163:Irish Republican Socialist Party
119:Irish Republican Socialist Party
16:Irish republican and drug dealer
1195:Republican Socialist Collective
447:Maume, Patrick (October 2009).
149:and in 1969, upon the onset of
936:Northern Ireland peace process
360:"CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths"
123:Irish National Liberation Army
89:Irish National Liberation Army
1:
1098:Christopher "Crip" McWilliams
632:INLA: Deadly Divisions (1994)
500:Leslie, David (15 May 2014).
454:Dictionary of Irish Biography
276:Donegall Arms on Roden Street
229:, from locations such as the
974:Assassination of Airey Neave
202:"Mad Dog" Dominic McGlinchey
125:(INLA), and latterly of the
1185:Independent Socialist Party
997:1994 Shankill Road killings
602:10.1177/0044118X00032001003
70:, Belfast, Northern Ireland
1328:
796:10.1080/105761002753404140
699:I.N.L.A - Deadly Divisions
324:, Publisher: Torc (1994);
775:Monaghan, Rachel (2002).
559:"the battle for the inla"
255:West Belfast constituency
1307:Politicians from Belfast
1236:Patrick Joseph Morrissey
979:1982 Divis Flats bombing
926:1981 Irish hunger strike
449:"Brown, James ('Jimmy')"
1002:Newtownhamilton bombing
411:INLA - Deadly Divisions
322:INLA - Deadly Divisions
174:Extended police custody
1312:Criminals from Belfast
941:Good Friday Agreement
413:. Torc. p. 125.
196:Republican infighting
1118:Martin "Rook" O'Prey
984:Droppin Well bombing
951:INLA Belfast Brigade
305:Belfast City Council
239:Europort in Rosslare
184:Belfast City Council
969:Central Bar bombing
596:. SAGE Publishing.
237:to Ireland via the
1226:William McCullough
1204:Prominent killings
1093:Dominic McGlinchey
881:Official Sinn FĂ©in
45:, Northern Ireland
1297:Irish republicans
1254:
1253:
1128:Thomas "Ta" Power
1083:Harry Kirkpatrick
1048:Bernadette Devlin
993:
896:The Starry Plough
818:Belfast Telegraph
756:. 8 November 2019
708:978-1-84223-438-9
480:cain.ulster.ac.uk
364:cain.ulster.ac.uk
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1028:Patrick Campbell
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901:Marxism–Leninism
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1246:Billy Wright
1108:Patsy O'Hara
1078:Stephen King
1063:Tony Gregory
1017:
921:Anti H-Block
886:Official IRA
876:The Troubles
816:
807:
799:
790:(1): 41–56.
787:
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770:
758:. Retrieved
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667:. Retrieved
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565:. p. 62
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367:. Retrieved
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155:Official IRA
151:the Troubles
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115:Official IRA
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83:Official IRA
18:
1272:1992 deaths
1267:1956 births
1241:Trevor King
1221:John Morley
1216:Henry Byrne
1178:Derivatives
1143:Hugh Torney
1103:Colm Murphy
1088:Kevin Lynch
1073:Seamus Grew
1068:Dessie Grew
1038:Miriam Daly
1018:Jimmy Brown
615:26 December
251:Gerry Adams
231:Netherlands
107:Jimmy Brown
97:(1986-1992)
91:(1976-1986)
85:(1969–1976)
35:James Brown
25:Jimmy Brown
1261:Categories
1162:Associates
1148:Sammy Ward
664:Irish Echo
460:13 January
344:References
330:189814205X
303:member of
139:Falls Road
68:Falls Road
57:1992-08-18
1133:Mary Reid
610:144709116
263:Sinn FĂ©in
133:Biography
129:(IPLO).
63:(aged 36)
992:(denied)
860:and the
736:Archived
669:11 April
542:10 April
200:In 1982
141:in west
121:(IRSP)/
961:Attacks
869:General
569:9 April
315:Sources
307:at the
227:ecstasy
143:Belfast
117:, then
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394:5 June
369:28 May
336:
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286:Legacy
235:France
113:, the
780:(PDF)
606:S2CID
563:BLITZ
536:(PDF)
862:IRSP
858:INLA
762:2024
703:ISBN
671:2024
636:ISBN
617:2022
571:2024
544:2024
506:ISBN
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462:2023
415:ISBN
396:2014
371:2024
334:ISBN
326:ISBN
259:SDLP
243:FARC
233:and
225:and
223:MDMA
211:IRSM
51:Died
38:1956
31:Born
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