1455:
initially, reinforced later with three more, and penetrated first the outposts and then the main line positions of the regiment. Two battalions of the ROK 10th
Regiment moved up to counterattack early on the morning of 13 June, but were unable to restore the original line. Another PVA attack by an estimated two companies during the afternoon forced the abandonment of a company outpost and further withdrawal by the ROK forces. The next morning the Chinese continued the offensive, employing several companies to sustain pressure against the 21st Regiment. Although the ROK units fought off these drives, disaster struck on the evening of 14 June. First a reinforced battalion enveloped the 3rd Battalion of the 21st, causing it to break up into small groups fighting independently to regain UNC lines. Two PVA companies then hit the main line positions of the 1st Battalion and forced it to pull back. A third attack by a reinforced battalion succeeded in enveloping the 2nd Battalion. Assembling behind the lines, the remnants of the 21st managed to establish a new main line of resistance that was to prove short-lived. On the right flank of the ROK 5th Division, the ROK 20th Division of U.S. X Corps, guarding the sector known as Christmas Hill, 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Hill 882, had also been subjected to attack. On 10 June two companies from the PVA 33rd Division captured a company outpost on the approaches to Hill 1220, part of the Christmas Hill area. The ROK 61st Regiment counterattacked, rewon, and then relost the outpost. Further action to regain the position was suspended as the gravity of the situation on the ROK 5th Division front increased. When the PVA showed that they intended to retain possession of Hills 973 and 882, which were located on the main ridge leading to Hill 1220 from the west, the X Corps commander, Lieutenant general
1655:(9.7 km) and the weight of their assault had cut off and disorganized many of the ROK units facing them. It had taken nine ROK and U.S. divisions in blocking and counterattacking roles to halt the Chinese advance and to regain some of the lost terrain. The Chinese loudly proclaimed military victory for its side. On the other hand, the price that the PVA had paid to sustain a major drive was extremely high; the Eighth Army estimated that over 28,000 casualties had been inflicted upon the PVA during their breakthrough and its aftermath. While ROK II Corps was carrying out its counteroffensive, the PVA/KPA exerted pressure upon several scattered points along the Eighth Army line in an effort to take long-contested hills and outposts prior to the signing of an armistice. The reasons behind this pressure were difficult to fathom, since all of the threatened points fell in the demilitarized zone and would have to be abandoned by the UNC forces anyway. As it turned out, the PVA/KPA had to surrender possession of their new gains shortly thereafter. The operations along the front during the last week of the Korean War subsided again to small-scale probes and patrols, as each side now anticipated that the
1451:
Division. Using elements of both the PVA 68th and 60th Armies, the PVA began to build up the pressure. Smashing through the outposts, the PVA seized Hills 973 and 882, 10 miles (16 km) northwest of
Heartbreak Ridge and part of the main line of resistance. ROK II Corps quickly released the 22nd Regiment of the ROK 3rd Division to the operational control of the ROK 5th Division to redress the PVA inroads on 11 June. Elements of the ROK 35th Regiment counterattacked to recapture Hill 973, but were only partially successful. PVA units swiftly moved to the offensive again and forced the ROK troops to pull back 1,000 meters south of Hill 973. Two battalions of the 22nd Regiment attempted to regain Hill 882 that same day and were able to approach the crest and dig in. Using the 22nd, 27th and 35th Regiments to launch counterattacks on 12 June, the ROK 5th Division was unable to drive the Chinese off the hills. Heavy artillery, mortar, and small arms fire, coupled with the PVA's willingness to reinforce his units and counterattack the ROK assault forces, prevented the UNC troops from recouping their terrain losses.
1617:
attack upon the
Capital Division. To the east the PVA on 13 July sent four companies to surround an outpost in the ROK 8th Division lines and a battalion against a company outpost in the ROK 3rd Division area on the right shoulder of the Kumsong salient. They also attacked the ROK 5th and 7th Divisions to keep them occupied while the main assault was in progress. By the morning of 14 July the pattern of the PVA attack had developed as they increased the pressure on the ROK 3rd Division. Battalion and two-battalion attacks accompanied by heavy artillery and mortar support broke through the ROK 3rd Division's outpost system and drove into the main line positions. The 22nd and 23rd Regiments received assault after assault, but with the aid of the 18th Regiment in blocking positions managed to hold on. Then four PVA companies filtered in through the adjacent ROK 5th Division sector and swung in behind the 23d Regiment. When the indication of a double envelopment became apparent, the ROK 3rd Division began to pull back.
1509:
despite a staunch defense by both ROK divisions. As the ROK 5th stubbornly gave ground and retreated to the next terrain line, the ROK 7th also had to pull back to protect its left flank. The PVA pressed on and managed to penetrate the ROK 7th's positions on Hill 938 just northwest of Hill 1220. For several days the ROK 7th counterattacked to regain Hill 938, but the PVA refused to yield possession. The PVA held the hill with a small force and permitted the ROK troops to move in, then directed heavy artillery and mortar fire on the area and counterattacked in mass. After several experiences along this line and study of the growing list of ROK casualties, White shifted to a policy of containment on 3 July. Terrain to the rear was readied for defense and helicopters rushed up materials and ammunition to prepare the new fortifications for further attacks. The
Chinese made two attempts on 4 July to move in closer to Hill 1220, but the ROK 7th Division fought off both of these assaults.
1621:
of commission and radio and foot messengers became the chief means of sending and receiving instructions and information. Sister regiments were often out of contact and unaware of what the other was doing. Reports trickling in from the front were often delayed and usually incomplete as the ROK commanders displayed their customary unwillingness to forward unfavorable news that would cause them to lose face. Despite the lack of details, it was apparent after the first day of the assault that the PVA's use of major elements of six divisions had made serious inroads in the ROK Capital and 3rd
Divisions' sectors. Since these guarded the shoulders of the salient, the ROK 6th and 8th Divisions were in danger of having their flanks exposed to a double envelopment. Eighth Army commander General
1475:
its main line of resistance with its sister division on 15 June. The two remaining regiments of the ROK 3rd
Division were ordered on 15 June to assume responsibility for the sector east of the 8th Division along the south bank of the Pukhan River, where they served to strengthen the left flank of the ROK 5th Division. As the ROK 3rd Division took over its defensive positions, the ROK 22nd Regiment reverted to the control of its parent unit. At the same time the ROK 5th Division was attached to X Corps, which became responsible for the ground east of the Pukhan. X Corps immediately made efforts to speed supplies and equipment forward to the ROK 5th Division and to replace its personnel losses. Since lateral roads were scarce, twelve
1638:'s positions, and the 187th RCT relieved elements of the ROK 9th Division, permitting the ROK forces to narrow their front and to strengthen the left flank of the retreating Capital Division. In the meantime, the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division shifted over into blocking positions behind the Capital Division to stem the PVA advance. As the Capital's units fell back, they passed through the 3rd Infantry Division and were reorganized and rehabilitated in the rear. On 15 July the 3rd Infantry Division took over responsibility for the Capital Division's sector and assumed operational control of the division. In the ROK II Corps' area, Taylor released the ROK 11th Division to the Corps' commander, Lieutenant general
1491:
Regiment repelled several company-sized attacks during the day. Later, aided by the 19th
Regiment of the ROK 6th Division, the 21st Regiment mounted a counterattack and the PVA pulled back. Two PVA companies penetrated the main line positions of the ROK 16th Regiment, 8th Division, southeast of Finger Ridge, but did not attempt to follow up the breakthrough. By the evening of 16 June, PVA operations on the 8th Division front had become sporadic. During the next two days, the PVA launched several minor assaults on the ROK 20th and 8th Divisions, effecting slight penetrations. By 18 June the situation began to stabilize and the Eighth Army had an opportunity to survey the damage of the nine-day offensive.
1646:
The ROK 11th, 8th and 5th
Divisions, attacking abreast, launched the counteroffensive the same day. Against variable PVA opposition they edged forward toward the Kumsong River east of Kumhwa. Between 16 and 19 July the three divisions, with the 6th, 3rd and 7th ROK Divisions in blocking positions in reserve, attained the high ground south of the river. On 19 July the ROK 6th Division passed through the 5th Division and assumed responsibility for its sector. Efforts to cross the river and take defensive positions on the north bank of the Kumsong met with increasing PVA resistance and were abandoned after 20 July.
293:
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203:
279:
267:
243:
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192:
181:
121:
135:
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ROK counterattack on 9 July failed to oust them and action became intermittent. Early on 11 July, two ROK companies, in a fight lasting almost three hours, forced the PVA to pull back. During the battles for
Arrowhead the ROK commander rotated his assault troops; in the 11 July encounter he used four battalions to exert maximum pressure and to provide a continuous flow of fresh troops. The six-day struggle for Arrowhead caused over 500 casualties for the ROK 2nd Division while the estimated Chinese losses were slightly over 750.
170:
100:
1626:
ROK commanders lost contact with and control of some of their units, with the result that many of them did not stop at the
Kumsong line. Instead they continued to retreat farther south replacing the bulge with a sag in the Eighth Army lines. The intensity and determination of the Chinese offensive impressed Generals Clark and Taylor to the point that they decided to fly reinforcements from Japan to Korea to bolster the front. The U.S.
1642:, who dispatched the division forward to relieve the ROK 3rd Division. The ROK 6th Division was also withdrawn from the line and, along with the ROK 3rd Division, was reorganized and reconstituted. Thus, on 15 July, the Eighth Army had the ROK 9th, the U.S. 3rd with the remnants of the Capital Division, the ROK 11th, 8th, and 5th Divisions on the front lines from west to east to check the PVA offensive.
1599:
Corps. The increase in the tempo of artillery and mortar fire on 13 July corroborated earlier intelligence reports from prisoners, deserters, agents and reconnaissance that the PVA were about to launch a major drive aimed primarily at ROK units on the central front. After darkness descended, the PVA forces moved forward en masse. A reinforced regiment from the
1861:
1620:
As the PVA pierced the ROK lines along the central front and cut off units from their parent organizations, the situation became confused. Soldiers from the 6th, 8th and Capital Divisions found themselves defending strongpoints together. Lateral and front-to-rear lines of communications were soon out
1490:
The action tapered off during the next few days. In the ROK 8th Division territory west of the Pukhan on 16 June the PVA overran an outpost of the ROK l0th Regiment on Finger Ridge, 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Capitol Hill, but the Chinese units broke contact and withdrew that evening. The ROK 21st
1645:
On 16 July ROK II Corps received orders to counterattack and restore the Kumsong River line. The PVA offensive had slowed by this time and the Chinese were organizing the defense of the terrain they had taken and replacing the heavy casualties they had suffered in breaking through the ROK positions.
1611:
of the 68th Army smashed into the ROK Capital Division guarding the left shoulder of the Kumsong bulge. ROK outposts were overrun as wave after wave of Chinese joined the assault. By midnight, PVA units had penetrated the main line of resistance up to 1,000 meters in some places. In the Sniper Ridge
1625:
therefore, on 14 July ordered the ROK Capital, 6th, 8th, 3rd and 5th Divisions to fall back south of the Kumsong River line at the base of the bulge. This would straighten out the defensive line and shorten the front to be covered. In the process of complying with Taylor's instructions however, the
1598:
By evening of 13 July the PVA had moved elements of five armies into attack and support positions along the central sector that encompassed the Kumsong salient. Facing them from west to east lay the ROK 9th and Capital Divisions of U.S. IX Corps and the ROK 6th, 8th, 3rd and 5th Divisions of ROK II
1474:
close air support were concentrated on the PVA units facing the ROK 5th Division, while the ROK 7th readjusted its front-line positions to tie in with the new ones established by the ROK 5th. On the other flank of the 5th, the ROK 8th Division also had to retreat over 1 mile (1.6 km) to tie in
1574:
outposts on Arrowhead. For over 30 hours the defenders had to repel the Chinese forces, often at close range. The PVA drew back on 8 July to regroup, but that night they returned in the wake of 6,500 rounds of artillery and mortar fire, and won possession of the north slope of one of the ridges. A
1503:
The UNC had spent the quiet period reorganizing the battered ROK 5th Division and by 26 June the division was judged ready for action once again and control was returned to ROK II Corps. In the meantime the ROK 7th Division had taken over the ROK 20th Division's positions on the right flank of the
1494:
The PVA had driven the ROK forces back an average of 3 km along a 13 km front and in the process had taken over a series of hill positions east of the Pukhan River. As a result of the Chinese drive, three ROK divisions had been redeployed in reinforcing and counterattacking roles. During
1616:
hit a company-sized outpost of the ROK 19th Regiment. By the morning of 14 July, they had penetrated the main line positions of the regiment and surrounded one friendly battalion. Elements of the 204th Division moved through the ROK 6th Division sector and then swung to the west and joined in the
1454:
The Chinese broadened the pressure upon the ROK II Corps on 12 June by attacking elements of the ROK 8th Division on the left flank of the ROK 5th Division. In the Capitol Hill sector, 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Hill 973, which was defended by the 21st Regiment, the PVA used two companies
1508:
of the 60th Army dispatched one regiment against elements of the ROK 5th Division east of the Pukhan River and a second regiment against units of the ROK 7th Division on the main ridge leading to Hill 1220. Heavy artillery and mortar fire accompanied the attacks and the PVA pressed on vigorously
1349:, who refused to sign the armistice, released 27,000 North Korean prisoners who refused repatriation. This action caused an outrage among the Chinese and North Korean commands and threatened to derail the ongoing negotiations. As a result, the Chinese decided to launch an offensive aimed at the
1654:
For the last week of the war the ROK II Corps held the Kumsong River line against minor PVA pressure. Despite the gains of the counteroffensive, the Chinese had removed the Kumsong salient and straightened out their lines on the central front. Their penetration had been approximately 6 miles
1612:
sector, long a bone of contention, ROK forces had to pull back to avoid being cut off. Throughout the night the pressure continued, with huge expenditures of artillery and mortar fire from both sides. In the ROK 6th Division area adjacent to the Capital Division, four battalions from the PVA
1450:
For the first ten days of June the PVA/KPA had been deceptively quiet on the central front. Then, on the evening of 10 June, the artillery fire became intense and the PVA followed up with coordinated attacks ranging from a battalion to a regiment in strength on the sector held by the ROK 5th
1557:
In the first days of July the PVA/KPA carried out few attacks in strength, but the Eighth Army had no illusions about the future. Reports of troop movements, heavy traffic and stockpiling behind PVA/KPA lines alerted all commanders that they were preparing to strike again in force. PVA
1463:, the Corps' reserve, and placed it on the left flank of the ROK 20th Division. While the ROK 7th Division was advancing north, the 61st Regiment made several efforts to relieve some of the pressure on the ROK 5th Division. The Chinese reacted quickly and managed to blunt each attack.
1495:
the action the ROK units had taken a total of over 7,300 casualties, while PVA losses were estimated at over 6,600. In close support of the UNC defense, Air Force, Navy and Marine aircraft had flown 810 sorties in the nine-day period and the strategic air program had been delayed.
1529:
from IX Corps on 1 July. While X Corps was shifting its forces the action on the Corps' front subsided to a level that did not interfere with the redeployment. To bolster the rear areas and the security of the prisoner of war camps, in late June the UNC commander General
1662:
Clark later commented: "There is no doubt in my mind that one of the principal reasons, if not the one reason, for the Communist offensive was to give the ROK's a 'bloody nose,' to show them and the world that 'PUK CHIN'— Go North , was easier said than done.
1677:
is set during the Battle of Kumsong and tells the story of a bridge that the Chinese People's Volunteer Army must defend in order to reinforce the frontline while the United States Air Force and artillery attempt to halt the crossing.
1520:
westward to relieve the ROK 20th Division and one regiment of the ROK 7th Division. The latter became responsible for a smaller segment of the front and was placed under ROK II Corps. On 10 July the ROK 20th Division relieved the U.S.
1558:
counter-reconnaissance screens made it difficult to ascertain how much strength the Chinese were massing, but the concentrations were greatest on the central front around Kumsong. The first offensive, however, came in the
1377:, extended northeast to the hills south of Kumsong, leveled off to the east for about 10 miles (16 km), then dipped to the southeast for some 13 miles (21 km) to the village of Mundung-ni, northwest of
1470:. This withdrawal exposed the flank of the ROK 7th Division, which had just reached its defensive lines. The Chinese this time failed to reorganize their attacking force quickly enough. X Corps artillery and
1563:
2053:
1434:
2038:
2048:
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1512:
The intensification of PVA operations and the reports from intelligence sources that the PVA intended to launch a major offensive in the ROK II Corps-U.S. X Corps sectors, with the
1587:
1525:
in the Heartbreak Ridge area and the 40th Division displaced west to strengthen the right flank of the 45th Division. X Corps was also reinforced by the movement of the U.S.
2058:
2068:
458:
1385:(ROK) troops defending the sector had great difficulty in maintaining lateral lines of communication. Five ROK divisions manned positions in the bulge, with the ROK
1894:
Chae, Han Kook; Chung, Suk Kyun; Yang, Yong Cho (2001), Yang, Hee Wan; Lim, Won Hyok; Sims, Thomas Lee; Sims, Laura Marie; Kim, Chong Gu; Millett, Allan R. (eds.),
1613:
1183:
1600:
1381:. Since the terrain was very rough, ranging from hills 400 to 600 meters high in the west to somewhat over 1,000 meters at the eastern end of the bulge, the
1426:
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as the objective, led White to redeploy his forces in an effort to buttress the right flank of the ROK II Corps. Beginning on 1 July he sent the U.S.
361:
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tank during its fight from 6 to 8 July 1953. It also destroyed 26 bunkers, nine artillery pieces and a truck. That tank is now preserved in the
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On 14 June the PVA 33rd Division renewed the offensive against the ROK 5th and 20th Divisions and forced the former to fall back south of the
1437:. Thus, the PVA had available for the attack on the bulge four new divisions that had been training on a similar type of terrain in the rear.
1000:
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1635:
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283:
271:
792:
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322:
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1240:
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were allocated to help out and they lifted a quarter of a million pounds of material forward to the front. On 16 June the ROK
665:
259:
1480:
1410:
1310:
719:
620:
327:
1932:
First Confrontation: Reviews and Reflections on the History of War to Resist America and Aid Korea (第一次较量：抗美援朝战争的历史回顾与反思)
1421:
was II Corps reserve. Facing the ROK forces were three PVA armies. During the early days of June they had brought in the
513:
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1163:
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1036:
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881:
837:
804:
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salient. This would be the last large-scale Chinese offensive of the war, scoring a victory over the UNC forces.
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972:
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Korean Battle Chronology: Unit-by-unit United States Casualty Figures and Medal of Honor Citations
1582:
from 4th Tank Regiment, 2nd Tank Division, allegedly destroyed four UNC tanks and damaged another
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185:
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70:
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1916:(in Chinese), vol. III, Beijing: Chinese Military Science Academy Publishing House,
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1630:(187th RCT) was rushed to Korea and on 14 July Taylor attached the unit to the U.S.
1981:
1467:
1346:
1433:. In addition, the Chinese had strengthened the 60th Army by attaching to it the
17:
1340:
1336:
292:
254:
202:
1583:
1374:
1328:
1257:
1214:
1008:
858:
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43:
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1230:
212:
1331:. During the ceasefire negotiations seeking to end the Korean War, the
1934:(in Chinese), Beijing: Chinese Radio and Television Publishing House,
1318:
1844:
United States Army in the Korean War: Truce Tent and Fighting Front
1339:
forces were unable to agree on the issue of prisoner repatriation.
1551:
1373:
lines that began roughly about 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of
155:
1864:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1562:
rather than in the Kumsong sector. On 6 July elements of the PVA
1717:
1705:
1579:
2009:
Mao's Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950–1953
1950:
The Chinese People's Liberation Army since 1949 by Benjamin Lai
440:
1847:. United States Army Center of Military History. p. 466.
436:
1898:, vol. III, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press,
1538:
to prepare for a temporary move from Japan to Korea. The
1914:
History of War to Resist America and Aid Korea (抗美援朝战争史)
1504:
ROK 5th Division. During the night of 26 June the PVA
2054:
Battles of the Korean War involving the United States
1607:
struck the ROK 9th Division's right flank while the
1566:
attacked through the defensive positions of the PVA
1985:
1588:Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution
2039:Battles and operations of the Korean War in 1953
2049:Battles of the Korean War involving South Korea
36:
1801:
1774:
1693:
452:
8:
2011:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
1876:
1874:
1369:(KPA) objective was the bulge in the U.S.
459:
445:
437:
33:
2059:Battles of the Korean War involving China
1912:Chinese Military Science Academy (2000),
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1785:
1783:
1686:
675:United Nations Command counteroffensive
1327:), was one of the last battles of the
414:: 47,661 casualties (2,286 Americans)
1718:Chinese Military Science Academy 2000
1706:Chinese Military Science Academy 2000
1628:187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team
1487:area to become ROK II Corps reserve.
7:
2069:China–South Korea military relations
1966:. New York, NY: Osprey Publishing.
1789:
1270:Naval engagements of the Korean War
1282:For further information, see also:
706:UN September 1950 counteroffensive
25:
1001:UN May–June 1951 counteroffensive
859:Fighting around the 38th parallel
1859:
1634:. The latter took over the U.S.
1542:arrived in Korea on 3 July; the
1251:Bombing of North Korea 1950–1953
1184:Berlin Outposts and Boulder City
764:(25 October 1950 – January 1951)
679:(15 September – 30 October 1950)
291:
277:
265:
253:
241:
228:
201:
190:
179:
168:
148:
133:
119:
98:
1499:Interregnum (26 June – 12 July)
1992:. Riverside, NJ: Brassey Inc.
1323:
1314:
416:2,766 captured (70 Americans)
1:
1546:followed on 11 July; and the
720:UN offensive into North Korea
485:(25 June – 15 September 1950)
1594:Renewed assault (13–20 July)
1446:Initial assault (11–18 June)
927:4th Seoul (Operation Ripper)
1802:Chae, Chung & Yang 2001
1775:Chae, Chung & Yang 2001
1694:Chae, Chung & Yang 2001
1540:34th Regimental Combat Team
1409:in the center, and the ROK
819:UN retreat from North Korea
2085:
1962:Malkasian, Carter (2001).
1754:. McFarland. p. 180.
1748:Ecker, Richard E. (2005).
1730:"The Battle for New China"
1657:Korean Armistice Agreement
1527:5th Regimental Combat Team
1483:shifted over from the ROK
1425:and placed it between the
1195:Korean Armistice Agreement
1013:(July 1951 – 27 July 1953)
2044:Battles of the Korean War
2007:Zhang, Shu Guang (1995).
1279:
694:Pusan Perimeter offensive
476:
391:
374:
220:
161:
89:
49:
41:
2064:July 1953 events in Asia
1964:The Korean War 1950–1953
382:numerous combat aircraft
27:1953 Korean War conflict
1988:From Pusan to Panmunjom
1841:Hermes, Walter (1992).
1578:A Chinese tank No. 215
1393:on the left flank, the
1363:People's Volunteer Army
427:South Korean estimation
1930:Xue, Yan (徐焰) (1990),
1659:soon would be signed.
1548:21st Infantry Regiment
1544:19th Infantry Regiment
1536:24th Infantry Division
1523:40th Infantry Division
1518:45th Infantry Division
1417:on the right. The ROK
1411:20th Infantry Division
1403:5th Infantry Divisions
1383:Republic of Korea Army
1335:(UNC) and Chinese and
1333:United Nations Command
787:Second Phase Offensive
481:North Korean offensive
387:1,360 artillery pieces
328:11th Infantry Division
162:Commanders and leaders
57:10 June – 20 July 1953
1636:3rd Infantry Division
1632:2nd Infantry Division
1572:2nd Infantry Division
1461:7th Infantry Division
1419:3rd Infantry Division
1288:Korean War (template)
1208:Panmunjom Declaration
863:(January – June 1951)
392:Casualties and losses
385:240,000 combat troops
380:187,000 combat troops
323:8th Infantry Division
318:7th Infantry Division
313:6th Infantry Division
308:5th Infantry Division
303:3rd Infantry Division
284:2nd Infantry Division
272:3rd Infantry Division
1367:Korean People's Army
1305:, also known as the
760:Chinese Intervention
1720:, pp. 579–581.
1570:and struck two ROK
1459:, moved up the ROK
429:: 66,000 casualties
1735:2015-04-23 at the
1514:Hwach'on Reservoir
824:Hungnam evacuation
412:Chinese estimation
1905:978-0-8032-7795-3
1623:Maxwell D. Taylor
1324:Jīn Chéng Zhàn Yì
1307:Jincheng Campaign
1303:Battle of Kumsong
1296:
1295:
1263:
1220:
1014:
864:
846:1st and 2nd Wonju
794:Ch'ongch'on River
765:
680:
666:2nd Naktong Bulge
621:1st Naktong Bulge
486:
435:
434:
186:Maxwell D. Taylor
85:
84:
37:Battle of Kumsong
18:Jincheng Campaign
16:(Redirected from
2076:
2022:
2003:
1991:
1977:
1944:
1926:
1908:
1881:
1878:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1838:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1745:
1739:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1477:H-19 helicopters
1387:Capital Division
1379:Heartbreak Ridge
1325:
1316:
1289:
1271:
1261:
1258:Naval operations
1218:
1107:White Horse Hill
1037:Heartbreak Ridge
1012:
967:Spring offensive
862:
812:Task Force Faith
806:Chosin Reservoir
763:
678:
484:
471:
461:
454:
447:
438:
296:
295:
282:
281:
270:
269:
260:Capital Division
258:
257:
246:
245:
233:
232:
206:
205:
195:
194:
184:
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154:
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51:
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21:
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2029:
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2025:
2019:
2006:
2000:
1980:
1974:
1961:
1957:
1955:Further reading
1947:
1942:
1929:
1924:
1911:
1906:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1860:
1855:
1840:
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1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
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1773:
1769:
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1746:
1742:
1737:Wayback Machine
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
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1669:
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1596:
1501:
1472:Fifth Air Force
1448:
1443:
1359:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1217:
1122:Jackson Heights
1068:2nd Maryang-san
1049:1st Maryang-san
1011:
861:
762:
677:
631:Battle Mountain
600:Pusan Perimeter
544:Chumonchin Chan
483:
472:
467:
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430:
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415:
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199:
189:
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178:
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167:
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134:
132:
120:
118:
117:
99:
97:
81:Chinese victory
73:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2082:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
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2031:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2004:
1998:
1978:
1972:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1927:
1922:
1909:
1904:
1896:The Korean War
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1853:
1806:
1804:, p. 680.
1794:
1792:, p. 148.
1779:
1777:, p. 679.
1767:
1760:
1740:
1722:
1710:
1708:, p. 579.
1698:
1696:, p. 612.
1685:
1683:
1680:
1671:The 2020 film
1668:
1665:
1651:
1648:
1614:204th Division
1609:203rd Division
1595:
1592:
1506:179th Division
1500:
1497:
1457:Isaac D. White
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1365:(PVA) and the
1358:
1355:
1294:
1293:
1280:
1277:
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1274:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1248:
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1238:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1215:Air operations
1211:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1189:Samichon River
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:Nevada Complex
1161:
1154:
1152:Pork Chop Hill
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:Arrowhead Hill
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1058:
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1052:
1051:
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1034:
1029:
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1016:
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1005:
1004:
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828:
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815:
814:
809:
802:
797:
783:
778:
773:
767:
766:
756:
755:
754:
753:
751:Sunchon tunnel
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
716:
715:
714:
702:
697:
690:
682:
681:
671:
670:
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623:
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581:
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571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
529:Suwon Airfield
526:
521:
516:
514:Kaesong–Munsan
511:
506:
501:
496:
488:
487:
477:
474:
473:
466:
464:
463:
456:
449:
441:
433:
432:
424:12,391 wounded
422:: 9,187 killed
417:
405:: 2,689 killed
394:
393:
389:
388:
383:
377:
376:
372:
371:
370:
369:
364:
359:
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344:
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332:
331:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
288:
287:
286:
274:
262:
223:
222:
221:Units involved
218:
217:
210:
197:Isaac D. White
164:
163:
159:
158:
145:
144:
143:
130:
106:United Nations
92:
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63:
59:
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55:
47:
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2027:
2020:
2018:0-7006-0723-4
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1999:0-02-881002-3
1995:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1982:Paik, Sun Yup
1979:
1975:
1973:1-84176-282-2
1969:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1941:7-5043-0542-1
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1923:7-80137-390-1
1919:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1886:
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1875:
1871:
1867:
1866:public domain
1856:
1854:9781410224842
1850:
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1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:The Sacrifice
1666:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:Chung Il Kwon
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:72nd Division
1593:
1591:
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1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:69th Division
1565:
1564:73rd Division
1561:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:Mark W. Clark
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:11th Division
1478:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1435:33rd Division
1432:
1428:
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1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
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1364:
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1326:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1262:(1950 – 1953)
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:(1950 – 1953)
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:Outpost Harry
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1158:Little Switch
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1147:Outpost Vegas
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Triangle Hill
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:Outpost Kelly
1100:
1098:
1095:
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761:
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717:
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709:
708:
707:
703:
701:
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696:
695:
691:
689:
688:
684:
683:
676:
673:
672:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Bowling Alley
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
601:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
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577:
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572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
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542:
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535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
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512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
494:
490:
489:
482:
479:
478:
475:
470:
462:
457:
455:
450:
448:
443:
442:
439:
428:
421:
418:
413:
409:4,136 missing
407:7,548 wounded
404:
399:
396:
395:
390:
384:
379:
378:
373:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
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348:
343:
340:
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338:
335:
329:
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251:
250:
249:
244:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
225:
224:
219:
214:
211:
209:
208:Chung Il-kwon
204:
198:
193:
187:
182:
176:
175:Mark W. Clark
171:
166:
165:
160:
157:
146:
142:
141:United States
131:
128:
116:
115:
114:
112:
108:
107:
94:
93:
88:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2026:
2008:
1987:
1963:
1931:
1913:
1895:
1843:
1797:
1770:
1750:
1743:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1672:
1670:
1667:In the media
1661:
1653:
1644:
1619:
1597:
1577:
1556:
1554:on 12 July.
1550:unloaded at
1534:ordered the
1511:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1468:Pukhan River
1465:
1453:
1449:
1413:of the U.S.
1389:of the U.S.
1361:The Chinese
1360:
1347:Syngman Rhee
1341:South Korean
1337:North Korean
1322:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1285:
1281:
1226:Air Campaign
1200:
1193:
1178:
1156:
1089:
1072:
1060:
1041:
1024:
1020:Bloody Ridge
999:
993:Soyang River
966:
958:
951:
944:
937:
925:
918:
886:
882:Twin Tunnels
874:
870:Happy Valley
844:
830:
805:
793:
785:
718:
704:
692:
686:
611:P'ohang-dong
599:
534:Air Campaign
491:
431:262 captured
426:
419:
411:
402:
400:: 305 killed
397:
346:
336:
226:
96:
95:
90:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
1431:67th Armies
1405:of the ROK
1371:Eighth Army
1097:Bunker Hill
973:Imjin River
899:Chipyong-ni
876:Thunderbolt
403:South Korea
127:South Korea
2033:Categories
1887:References
1584:M46 Patton
1357:Background
1329:Korean War
1246:Sui-ho Dam
1202:Big Switch
1080:Hill Eerie
1074:Rat Killer
1062:Polecharge
1056:Haktang-ni
939:Courageous
933:Maehwa-san
469:Korean War
367:68th Corps
362:67th Corps
357:60th Corps
352:54th Corps
347:20th Army
342:24th Corps
44:Korean War
1650:Aftermath
1605:24th Army
1423:68th Army
1344:President
1231:MiG Alley
1085:Old Baldy
1032:Punchbowl
1009:Stalemate
960:Dauntless
904:3rd Wonju
894:Hoengsong
838:Uijeongbu
832:3rd Seoul
731:Pyongyang
700:2nd Seoul
656:Tabu-dong
646:Nam River
564:Chochiwon
554:Pyongtaek
524:Uijeongbu
504:1st Seoul
499:Chuncheon
337:9th Army
216:Yang Yong
1984:(1992).
1880:Lai,P.39
1790:Xue 1990
1733:Archived
1560:Cheorwon
1407:II Corps
1391:IX Corps
1241:Strangle
1169:3rd Hook
1137:2nd Hook
1132:1st Hook
1043:Commando
983:Hwacheon
946:Tomahawk
909:Chuam-ni
712:Hill 282
584:Hwanggan
579:Yongdong
509:Gorangpo
375:Strength
298:II Corps
248:IX Corps
235:8th Army
213:Deng Hua
62:Location
1603:of the
1485:I Corps
1415:X Corps
1351:Kumsong
1311:Chinese
1236:Sunchon
1179:Kumsong
1142:Chatkol
988:Kapyong
978:Yultong
888:Roundup
781:Pakchon
746:Chongju
726:Sariwon
661:Yongsan
636:Kyongju
493:Pokpung
67:Kumsong
2015:
1996:
1970:
1938:
1920:
1902:
1851:
1758:
1441:Battle
1375:Kumhwa
1321::
1319:pinyin
1313::
1026:Minden
953:Rugged
920:Killer
914:Wonsan
852:Pohang
771:Onjong
736:Yongyu
687:Inchon
651:Ka-san
589:Hadong
574:Sangju
569:Taejon
559:Chonan
539:Andong
519:Ongjin
153:
138:
124:
103:
78:Result
1682:Notes
1552:Pusan
1127:Noris
1091:Blaze
800:Wawon
776:Unsan
741:Kujin
641:Haman
616:Taegu
606:Masan
594:Notch
420:China
156:China
71:Korea
2013:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1918:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1580:T-34
1429:and
1427:60th
1401:and
1315:金城战役
1301:The
549:Osan
398:U.S.
54:Date
1399:8th
1395:6th
113:)
111:UNC
2035::
1873:^
1809:^
1782:^
1590:.
1397:,
1317:;
69:,
2021:.
2002:.
1976:.
1868:.
1857:.
1764:.
1309:(
460:e
453:t
446:v
109:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
