1088:) is not as widely practiced, although tea is widely planted. When British attempts to introduce Chinese tea plants for cultivation in Assam were unsuccessful, they discovered that the Singpho people cultivated tea. By hybridizing the Singpho and Chinese strains, and using Chinese tea cultivation techniques, the basis for large-scale tea cultivation in Assam was laid. The Singpho produce their tea by plucking the tender leaves and drying them in the sun and exposing them to the night dew for three days and nights. The leaves are then placed in the hollow tube of bamboo, and the cylinder will be exposed to the smoke of the fire. In this way, their tea can be kept for years without losing its flavor. The Singpho also depended on yams and other edible tubers as their staple food.
1132:
their hair gathered into a broad knot on the crown of the head, fastening it by silver bodkins, chains and tassels, which is similar to the architecture of the modern skyscrapers. The maidens tie their tresses into a roll and keep it tied just above the nape. Singpho dwellings are usually two stories and built out of wood and bamboo. The houses are of oval form; the first floor serves as a storage and stable while the second is utilized for living quarters. Women often dress in black jackets with silver decorations during festival known as Munao Poi. This dress are one of the most beautiful and attractive dress in
Northeast India. They also wear wool skirts made in bright red colors. The men often wear a white shirt with colorful Lungi, covering their heads with turbans.
556:
223:
713:
967:(SLORC). However, with a gradual withdrawal of Chinese support, in 1989 the Communist Party of Burma soon disintegrated into warlord led groups that negotiated ceasefire deals with the junta. This led to the KIO being surrounded by organisations effectively aligned with the SPDC. It was squeezed by redeployed battalions of the rearmed and ever growing Burma Army, and constantly urged to make peace by a civilian population suffering from years of warfare. In 1994 the KIO chose to enter into a ceasefire with the junta.
45:
165:
259:
904:
4104:
995:
Refugee
Convention, these two countries are just a second place for the Kachin refugees and they have to go to third countries such as the USA, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and other EU countries through UNHCR's resettlement program. Since there are too many refugees in Malaysia to process their resettlement process, refugees normally have to wait for five to seven years to be resettled. Most of the Kachin refugees are in IDP camps and some are in Malaysia.
671:
Kachin or
Jinghpaw Wunpawng even though there are clear and vivid evidence that they all are from the same background with the closest identities. Despite the fact that all syntax, grammar, phonology, morphology, schools of thought, traditions, culture are all the same, while pronunciation, spellings, alphabets differ (which is nature for different tribes from the same ethnic), Kachins are divided and debating on the term Kachin and Jinghpaw Wunpawng.
205:
153:
183:
1124:
241:
759:) is spoken by approximately 80,000 people in China and 30,000 people in Burma. It is classified as Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Yi-Burman, and Northern Burmic. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, a written language based on the dialect of the village of Longzhun (in Xishan district in Luxi county) and using the
1072:
spirit named Madai. Singpho
Animists believe that spirits reside everywhere, from the sun to the animals, and that these spirits bring good or bad luck. For the Singpho, all living creatures are believed to have souls. Rituals are carried out for protection in almost all daily activities, from the planting of crops to warfare.
771:
Jingpo folk religion worships various gods as well as the spirits of their ancestors. The ancestor of all the Jingpo, who is worshipped as a spirit or god, is held to be named Madai. Jingpo
Animists believe that spirits reside everywhere, from the sun to the animals, and that these spirits bring good
1071:
While the
Singphos in India are predominantly Theravāda Buddhists, the Jinghpaws in Kachin, Myanmar is 99% Christian. Before the arrival of Buddhism, animism was widely followed; in this community in India, all the ancestors of the Singpho or Jinghpaws worshiped spirits or gods, such as a well-known
943:
Following the end of World War II and Burma's independence from
Britain, long standing ethnic conflicts between frontier peoples such as the Kachin people and the Burman-dominated central government resurfaced. The first uprising occurred in 1949. The uprisings escalated following the declaration of
654:
The
Kachins claim that the term Kachin is not from their language. Therefore, many of the Kachins only want to use the term "Jinghpaw Wunpawng" to mean all the Kachins ethnics while "Jinghpaw" is also used not only to mean one of the Kachin tribe "Jinghpaw", but also to include all the Kachins. Two
636:
There are three different definitions of Jingpo people. The
Jinghpo ethnic group refers to those who speak Jingpo as their sole mother tongue and is adopted by the Burmese government as one of the 135 officially recognized ethnic groups in Myanmar. The Jingpo Nation or Jinghpo Pongyong includes all
994:
The
Jinghpaws, or The Jinghpaw Wunpawngs, have been forced to migrate to Malaysia and Thailand. The civil war between KIA and the Burmese Army caused Kachins to leave their motherland and seek asylum in Thailand and Malaysia. Since both Thailand nor Malaysia are not signatories to the 1951 Geneva
670:
Just recently the Burmese Government announced to make family records of all the citizens by categorising each people who speak different dialects. As a result, many ethnics become confused what to choose to be named on their IDs. So are the Kachins. Kachins are divided and fighting over the name
1131:
The Singpho made shields from buffalo hide, many of them can be as long as four feet. They also have helmets are made from either buffalo hide or rattan-work, and vanished black and decorated with the boar's tusks. Most men tie their hair in a large knot on the crown of the head. The women dress
720:
There are around 100–200 Jingpo people who live in Taiwan: they can be found in Taipei, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Taitung, and other cities. They are the descendants of 52 tribespeople who were members of the Yunnan People's Anti-Communist Volunteer Army who fled to Taiwan after the defeat of the
944:
Buddhism (which is not practised by the Kachin people) as a national religion in 1961. However, Kachin people fought both for and against the government during most of the ethnic conflicts. Kachin soldiers once formed a core part of the Burmese armed forces and many stayed loyal after the
1062:
The Singphos are divided into a number of clans, known as Gams, each under a chief. The principal Gams include the Bessa, Duffa, Luttao, Luttora, Tesari, Mirip, Lophae, Lutong and Magrong. The Singpho are also divided into four classes, namely Shangai, Myung, Lubrung and Mirip.
1095:
in India, but there is no substantial documentation of the history of tea drinking in the Indian subcontinent for the pre-colonial period. One can only speculate that tea leaves were widely used in ancient India since the plant is native to some parts of India. The
970:
The ceasefire delivered neither security nor prosperity to the Kachin. With the end of hostilities the Burma Army presence has increased considerably, along with allegations of atrocities against the civilian population, including forced labour and rape.
931:
to the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. During the British colonial period, some tribes were well integrated into the state while others operated with a large degree of autonomy. Kachin people, including those organised as the
645:
emerged in twentieth century includes also those living in Kachin Hills but previously interacted with Jingpo speakers to a limited scope. This definition is adopted the Burmese government as one of the 8 "major national ethnic races" of Myanmar.
1277:"(S)uggests that Cha-shan as a Jinghpo polity and, on the basis of the Yong-chang-fu Wen-zheng, notes that its territory extended from the Nmai River in today's Kachin state, Burma/Myanmar, east to the modern Lu-shui County in Yun-nan"(
1110:
plant grew native, have been consuming tea since the 12th century. It is also possible that tea may have been used under another name. Frederick R. Dannaway, in the essay "Tea As Soma", argues that tea was perhaps better known as
963:(CPB), which held strategically sensitive parts of the country vis à vis the Kachin positions. The KIO continued to fight when Ne Win's dictatorship was succeeded by another incarnation of the military junta in 1988 called the
662:
are described as a single people: the Jingpo or Kachin. In another form of categorisation, the native speakers of each language in the area are treated as distinct ethnic groups. Both schemes treat the
974:
High demand from China is currently encouraging logging-based deforestation in the Kachin region of Burma. Increasingly impoverished, some Jingpo women and children are drawn into the sex trade in
667:
who live in the same or contiguous areas as ethnically distinct. Jingpo people have frequently defied the Western expectation of lineage-based ethnicity by culturally "becoming Shans" (Leach 1965).
641:, who also speak Jingpo as their secondary language. This definition is adopted by the Chinese government as one of the 56 officially recognized nations of China. The Jingpo Confederation or
1424:
3993:
772:
or bad luck. For the Jingpo, all living creatures are believed to have souls. Rituals are carried out for protection in almost all daily activities, from planting of crops to warfare.
956:'s coup in 1962, there were fewer opportunities in the Burma Army for Kachin people. Much of Kachin State outside of the cities and larger towns was for many years KIO administered.
5243:
3707:
911:
During the 15th and 16th centuries the Jingpo continued migrating to their present territory. During the 17th century, the Jinphos were involved in trade exchange between the
2817:
1413:
1264:
959:
The KIO formed alliances with other ethnic groups resisting the Burmese occupation, and later despite its non-communist stance along with China informally supported the
721:
Kuomintang in Mainland China. Every October, they host performances where they dance in traditional costumes. There is also a "Jingpo Taiwanese Friendship Association".
819:. The houses are of oval form; the first floor serves as a storage and stable while the second is utilised for living quarters. Women often dress in black jackets with
1646:
515:
The Kachin people are an ethnic affinity of several tribal groups, known for their fierce independence, disciplined fighting skills, complex clan inter-relations,
1383:
3986:
1198:
576:
5263:
3700:
1597:
1180:
555:
3979:
964:
2810:
655:
different categorisation schemes complicate the terms Jingpo and Kachin, which also operate as political geography terms of British origin.
5268:
5228:
3693:
1639:
66:
2774:
1454:
1615:
1566:
5238:
5209:
2803:
1494:
1476:
1241:
823:
decorations. They also wear wool skirts made in bright colours. The men often wear white and black pants, covering their heads with
88:
1047:, Innao, N-hpum, Namgo, Ketetong, Pangna, Phup, N-htem, Mungong, Kumchai, Pangsun, Hasak, Katha, Bisa, Dibong, Duwarmara, Namo and
2784:
945:
1592:
1410:
5278:
5273:
5258:
1632:
4002:
1668:
1655:
1515:
5248:
603:
544:
475:
2687:
1370:
The Ming Shi-lu (Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty) as a Source for Southeast Asian History – 14th to 17th Centuries
3716:
59:
53:
1529:
658:
In one form of categorisation, a variety of different linguistic groups with overlapping territories and integrated
698:
3620:
1048:
2068:
1195:
712:
70:
5253:
2826:
2749:
960:
2612:
1967:
1543:
1044:
949:
694:
3243:
5233:
3642:
3173:
3098:
2945:
2600:
2328:
2038:
1746:
1676:
915:
and China in the form of ivory, copper and silver. They have received diverse names along the centuries:
690:
3183:
2340:
3669:
1717:
1538:
1177:
689:
in Jinghpaw) is spoken by 1,500,000 people in Burma and by 150,000 people in China. It is classified as
307:
3780:
1602:
780:
323:
3103:
164:
4509:
3615:
3559:
3138:
3024:
2779:
2754:
2052:
3203:
2859:
1325:
5052:
4166:
4133:
3835:
3790:
3123:
3019:
2970:
2930:
2874:
2869:
2721:
1213:
3770:
3449:
3420:
3405:
3357:
3332:
3288:
3113:
3088:
2935:
2864:
4524:
4386:
3599:
3430:
3278:
3053:
3009:
3004:
2955:
2650:
2620:
2536:
2114:
2046:
1356:
1092:
1016:
800:
4103:
3895:
3579:
3574:
3479:
3337:
3048:
3029:
903:
3499:
3238:
3083:
2994:
2989:
2965:
1578:
1489:
Itanagar, Arunāchal Pradesh (India): Directorate of Research, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.
4756:
4352:
4306:
4264:
4204:
4051:
3900:
3870:
3589:
3504:
3248:
3128:
3068:
2682:
2643:
2625:
1850:
1685:
1490:
1472:
1377:
1237:
1106:
1008:
638:
583:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3283:
3263:
3133:
3108:
2960:
1229:
543:, the latter forming the largest ethnic group in Burma. In China, the Jingpo form one of the
4900:
4773:
4374:
4226:
4068:
3840:
3800:
3564:
3509:
3347:
3233:
3208:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3143:
3118:
3058:
2879:
2700:
2677:
2630:
2547:
2458:
2225:
2215:
2159:
2148:
1833:
1797:
1705:
1612:
1520:
756:
748:
659:
505:
467:
447:
417:
394:
303:
3228:
3218:
3198:
3168:
1563:
706:
5157:
5072:
5022:
4952:
4584:
4519:
4446:
4370:
3935:
3815:
3674:
3659:
3647:
3632:
3410:
3253:
2737:
2711:
2672:
2587:
2554:
2541:
2292:
2210:
1863:
1802:
1700:
1619:
1582:
1570:
1533:
1417:
1202:
1184:
1056:
1052:
848:
680:
524:
343:
279:
3223:
2999:
1452:
All Kachin Students and Youth Union (AKSYU), Kachin Development Networking Group(KDNG),
1039:. Comprising a population of at least 7,900 in India, they live in the villages, namely
5192:
5172:
5142:
5102:
5067:
5002:
4982:
4858:
4828:
4700:
4594:
4569:
4544:
4514:
4504:
4499:
4469:
4426:
4282:
4107:
3905:
3765:
3664:
3652:
3637:
3554:
3549:
3514:
3494:
3484:
3464:
3388:
3303:
3193:
3148:
3063:
2950:
2940:
2894:
2836:
2759:
2742:
2568:
2526:
2513:
2407:
2372:
2367:
2310:
2250:
2195:
2013:
2007:
1997:
1908:
1887:
1736:
1731:
1607:
1012:
760:
730:
702:
520:
501:
295:
287:
851:
and migrated gradually towards the south. At their arrival to the present province of
5222:
5132:
5097:
5047:
5037:
4971:
4914:
4875:
4838:
4824:
4738:
4728:
4723:
4695:
4665:
4635:
4589:
4534:
4484:
4479:
4441:
4431:
4401:
4366:
4320:
4302:
4287:
4186:
4176:
4171:
4033:
4023:
4018:
3960:
3910:
3880:
3875:
3865:
3810:
3805:
3735:
3594:
3569:
3469:
3308:
3298:
3188:
2914:
2884:
2845:
2495:
2481:
2447:
2419:
2401:
2355:
2349:
2287:
2275:
2165:
1931:
1925:
1902:
1785:
1766:
1755:
1401:
1101:
933:
871:
837:
642:
299:
291:
283:
31:
1148:
Alternative names: Jinghpaw, Jingpho, Singpho, Zaizo, Theinbaw, Singfo, and Chingpaw
5167:
5147:
5122:
5112:
5107:
5092:
5062:
5042:
5032:
4966:
4880:
4832:
4820:
4783:
4748:
4680:
4655:
4579:
4574:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4529:
4494:
4474:
4464:
4421:
4411:
4396:
4390:
4334:
4324:
4316:
4312:
4277:
4236:
4196:
4143:
4078:
4043:
3955:
3885:
3860:
3850:
3845:
3785:
3760:
3459:
3415:
3323:
3273:
3178:
3093:
2980:
2909:
2716:
2692:
2656:
2635:
2561:
2531:
2521:
2488:
2473:
2413:
2387:
2302:
2123:
2088:
2076:
1976:
1952:
1945:
1896:
1876:
1858:
1820:
1390:
1112:
937:
928:
912:
885:
860:
792:
784:
572:
564:
540:
497:
424:
366:
354:
327:
210:
5152:
787:
is also one of the religions among the Jingpo. Around 90% of the Jingpo people in
152:
3971:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5162:
5137:
5082:
5057:
5007:
4992:
4848:
4798:
4788:
4778:
4768:
4762:
4752:
4743:
4733:
4670:
4660:
4645:
4640:
4622:
4599:
4539:
4489:
4416:
4406:
4362:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4254:
4241:
4231:
4221:
4215:
4210:
4200:
4191:
4181:
4148:
4138:
4128:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4057:
4047:
4038:
4028:
3930:
3920:
3855:
3830:
3825:
3775:
3584:
3489:
3474:
3454:
3440:
3362:
3352:
3268:
3213:
3039:
2904:
2899:
2502:
2441:
2429:
2424:
2394:
2265:
2130:
2082:
2002:
1992:
1987:
1869:
1808:
1791:
1779:
1772:
1761:
1711:
1487:
Myths and Beliefs on Creation of Universe Among the Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh.
1081:
936:
provided assistance to British units fighting the Japanese Imperial Army during
864:
664:
536:
532:
528:
370:
362:
358:
5182:
5087:
5077:
5027:
5017:
4793:
4675:
4604:
4382:
4342:
4292:
4272:
4246:
4088:
3925:
3890:
3795:
3755:
3730:
3685:
3544:
3425:
3378:
3342:
3313:
3078:
3014:
2704:
2435:
2380:
2361:
2316:
2235:
2220:
2137:
2103:
2096:
2020:
1725:
1694:
881:
876:
5127:
5117:
4436:
4158:
3539:
3073:
2027:
1839:
1827:
1462:
Valley of Darkness: Gold Mining and Militarization in Burma's Hugawng Valley
1123:
1028:
831:
27:
Ethnic group largely inhabiting the Kachin Hills of Myanmar, China and India
2795:
1347:
Baruah, S. L. (1977). "Ahom Policy Towards the Neighbouring Hill Tribes".
705:. The standard Jingpo language taught in China is based on the dialect of
4120:
3625:
2230:
2170:
2143:
1624:
1526:
1498:
1480:
1040:
1036:
1024:
975:
796:
1360:
17:
5012:
4650:
4614:
4456:
4010:
3534:
3293:
2580:
2282:
2270:
2260:
2240:
2200:
2190:
2185:
2180:
1395:
Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure
1234:
Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure
889:
788:
568:
516:
319:
188:
1425:
A Choice for China: Ending the destruction of Burma's frontier forests
811:
Traditional Jingpo dwellings are usually two stories and built out of
4816:
4808:
4685:
4627:
3399:
3258:
2889:
2574:
2467:
2245:
2205:
2175:
2153:
2058:
1032:
983:
953:
897:
893:
852:
824:
820:
816:
611:
591:
582:
There is also a significant Jingpo community in northeastern India's
483:
264:
1554:
Information on the Kachins with a short introduction to the language
1411:
Navigating the Border: An Analysis of the China–Myanmar Timber Trade
827:: the youths with white turbans and the adults with black turbans.
4715:
4705:
4690:
4297:
3915:
3820:
2594:
2322:
2297:
2255:
1982:
1814:
1403:
Driven Away: Trafficking of Kachin women on the China-Burma border
1122:
1020:
979:
902:
776:
711:
625:
599:
587:
246:
228:
1085:
812:
512:. Other endonyms include Zaiwa, Lechi, Lisu, Maru, Hkahku, etc.
3975:
3689:
2799:
1628:
1007:
is the name for the Jingpo in India. They live in the state of
1553:
1548:
38:
1558:
1447:
Introduction to a language of the Jingpo nationality – Tsaiva
1436:
Introduction to a language of the Jingpo nationality – Jingpo
874:
seems to be referred to as Cha-shan in the Chinese chronicle
1587:
1510:
709:(in Yingjiang – west-northwest part of Dehong Prefecture).
527:. Other neighbouring residents of Kachin State include the
504:. The greater name for all the Kachin peoples in their own
1157:
Lisu is considered as a tribe of Jinghpo only in Myanmar.
594:. They mostly live in Myanmar, the Kachin are called the
547:, where they numbered 147,828 people in the 2010 census.
1613:
Christianity Overwhelming Buddhism in India's North-East
1575:
1230:"The Categories Shan and Kachin and their Subdivisions"
701:. Jingpo proper is also understood by many speakers of
628: – the terms are considered synonymous.
429:
859:. The Jingpo are likely related to the neighbouring
4991:
4847:
4807:
4714:
4613:
4455:
4263:
4157:
4119:
4009:
3944:
3744:
3723:
3608:
3439:
3387:
3371:
3322:
3038:
2979:
2923:
2844:
2730:
2665:
2611:
2512:
2457:
2339:
2113:
2067:
2037:
1966:
1918:
1886:
1849:
1745:
1684:
1675:
1409:Fredrich Kahrl, Horst Weyerhaeuser, and Su Yufang,
927:, the latter name which was used in China from the
446:
441:
423:
416:
411:
393:
384:
333:
313:
273:
255:
237:
219:
197:
179:
174:
109:
1420:. Forest Trends, World Agroforestry Centre, 2004.
880:. In the text, the polity is said to extend from
1485:Prandey, B. B. Pandey and D. K. Duarah. (1991).
1471:Canberra: Australian National University Press.
1236:(2004 ed.). Oxford, UK: Berg. p. 41.
763:was created and officially introduced in 1957.
3987:
3701:
2811:
1640:
1576:All Kachin Students & Youth Union (AKSYU)
399:
141:
135:
8:
5244:Ethnic groups officially recognized by China
1400:Kachin Women's Association Thailand (KWAT),
117:
111:
104:
1059:. They have the status of Scheduled Tribe.
577:Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture
129:
123:
3994:
3980:
3972:
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2818:
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2796:
1681:
1647:
1633:
1625:
1449:; Běijīng 北京, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 1984).
1438:; Běijīng 北京, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 1984).
1382:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1349:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1326:"Tea As Soma pt. 1 – Delaware Tea Society"
1027:and scattered in some other district like
408:
163:
151:
103:
1469:Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas.
1313:Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas,
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
4102:
554:
52:This article includes a list of general
1302:Kahrl et al. 2005; Global Witness 2005.
1214:china.org.cn – The Jingpo Ethnic Group
1170:
1141:
1104:, inhabitants of the regions where the
965:State Law and Order Restoration Council
4819:(including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, Dukpa,
1375:
1290:
716:Jingpo sword used in traditional dance
637:speakers of Zaiwa cluster of Northern
381:
1223:
1221:
1091:They are the earliest people to have
7:
1278:
500:who are the largest subgroup of the
175:Regions with significant populations
2775:Unrecognized ethnic groups in China
1127:Singpho performance attire in China
1097:
948:(KIO) with its military wing, the
907:Kachin tribe, depiction from 1900s
847:The Jingpo ancestors lived on the
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
5210:List of Scheduled Tribes in India
1432:Jǐngpōzú yǔyán jiǎnzhì – Jǐngpōyǔ
855:, the Jingpo were referred to as
5264:Ethnic groups in Northeast India
2780:Immigrant ethnic groups in China
1443:Jǐngpōzú yǔyán jiǎnzhì – Zǎiwǎyǔ
952:(KIA) was formed in 1961. After
946:Kachin Independence Organisation
257:
239:
221:
203:
181:
43:
1441:Xú Xījiān 徐悉艰, Xú Guìzhēn 徐桂珍,
30:For broader ethnic groups, see
4003:Hill tribes of Northeast India
3948:(Not recognised by government)
1178:(Kachin National Organisation)
795:, while the remaining 10% are
616:
607:
488:
479:
430:
400:
1:
1603:Art and crafts of the Singpho
1406:(Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2005).
563:They are largely inhabit the
1588:Kachin National Organization
1559:News in Jingphaw and Burmese
1511:Kachin National Organisation
1464:(Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2007)
1023:inhabits in the district of
775:The majority of Singphos in
157:Flag of Jingpho ethnic group
5269:Ethnic groups in South Asia
5229:Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh
3717:Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh
1516:Jinghpaw Land “Jingpo Dadi”
5295:
4100:
3748:(Recognised by government)
1618:September 2, 2023, at the
1521:The Jingpo ethnic minority
835:
829:
728:
678:
29:
5206:
2833:
2770:
1662:
1598:Singpho: Victims of India
1569:November 1, 2011, at the
1523:(Chinese government site)
1311:Braedley, David. (1997).
1201:18 September 2006 at the
471:
456:
407:
389:
338:
318:
278:
162:
150:
142:
136:
5239:Ethnic groups in Myanmar
2827:Ethnic groups in Myanmar
2750:Local ethnic nationalism
1669:recognized ethnic groups
1581:January 2, 2010, at the
1532:15 December 2006 at the
1467:Bradley, David. (1997).
1397:(Boston: Beacon, 1965 ).
1084:, shifting cultivation (
961:Communist Party of Burma
535:(Thai/Lao related), the
169:Kachin traditional dress
4911:Khawathlang, Khothalong
2946:Ka-Yun (Kayan; Padaung)
1368:Wade, Geoffrey (1994),
1115:" in Indian mythology.
950:Kachin Independent Army
870:The Jinghpo polity in
685:Jingpo proper (spelled
539:, the Rawangs, and the
130:
124:
118:
112:
73:more precise citations.
5279:Ethnic groups in Assam
5274:Ethnic groups in India
5259:Social groups of Assam
4113:
2785:Historic ethnic groups
1656:Ethnic groups in China
1228:Leach, E. R. (2004) .
1183:8 January 2007 at the
1128:
1051:, etc. They speak the
908:
717:
560:
4753:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
4201:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
4106:
3609:Unrecognised / Others
1126:
906:
715:
559:Jinpho singer in 1962
558:
334:Related ethnic groups
308:Southwestern Mandarin
5249:Refugees in Malaysia
4901:Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol
4779:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
4540:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
4232:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
4074:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
735:Zaiwa (also spelled
545:55 ethnic minorities
3871:Miju Mishmi (Kaman)
1593:The Kachin of Burma
1549:KIO News in English
1416:7 July 2008 at the
1011:in the district of
193:1,000,000–1,500,000
106:
4774:Man (Tai speaking)
4227:Man (Tai speaking)
4114:
4069:Man (Tai speaking)
2995:Mon Kayin (Sarpyu)
1608:Ethnologue profile
1455:Valley of Darkness
1129:
909:
801:Theravada Buddhist
781:Theravāda Buddhism
743:in Jingpo proper,
718:
561:
324:Theravāda Buddhism
5216:
5215:
4749:Khasi and Jaintia
4265:Arunachal Pradesh
4197:Khasi and Jaintia
4044:Khasi and Jaintia
3969:
3968:
3949:
3749:
3683:
3682:
3294:Zahnyet (Zanniat)
2793:
2792:
1962:
1961:
1107:Camellia sinensis
1009:Arunachal Pradesh
892:, to the east in
660:social structures
639:Burmish languages
584:Arunachal Pradesh
575:and neighbouring
460:
459:
437:
436:
418:Standard Mandarin
380:
379:
99:
98:
91:
16:(Redirected from
5286:
4729:Dimasa (Kachari)
4500:Koirao (Thangal)
4358:Singpho (Jingpo)
4177:Dimasa (Kachari)
4024:Dimasa (Kachari)
3996:
3989:
3982:
3973:
3947:
3747:
3745:Scheduled tribes
3710:
3703:
3696:
3687:
3585:Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw)
3274:Tiddim (Hai-Dim)
3209:Mro-Khimi people
3104:Kaung Saing Chin
2820:
2813:
2806:
2797:
2651:Tajiks (Pamiris)
1682:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1434:刘璐景颇族语言简志——景颇语 (
1387:
1381:
1373:
1364:
1334:
1333:
1330:sites.google.com
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60:inline citations
47:
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5254:Tribes of Assam
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4048:Synteng or Pnar
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3390:
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3189:Meithei (Kathe)
3139:Lai (Haka Chin)
3034:
2975:
2919:
2890:Lashi (La Chit)
2840:
2829:
2824:
2794:
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2766:
2738:Han nationalism
2726:
2673:African Chinese
2661:
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2293:Sichuan Mongols
2109:
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1958:
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1882:
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1671:
1658:
1653:
1620:Wayback Machine
1583:Wayback Machine
1571:Wayback Machine
1539:The Kachin Post
1534:Wayback Machine
1527:Jingphaw/Kachin
1507:
1423:Global Witness
1418:Wayback Machine
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1267:. 19 June 2015.
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506:Jingpo language
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4432:Mishing (Miri)
4429:
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4379:
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4355:
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4288:Dafla (Nyishi)
4285:
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1505:External links
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1450:
1445:景颇族语言简志——载瓦语 (
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1295:
1293:, p. 253.
1283:
1270:
1256:
1242:
1217:
1206:
1188:
1169:
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1160:
1159:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1120:
1117:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1000:
999:Singpho people
997:
991:
988:
844:
841:
808:
805:
768:
765:
761:Latin alphabet
731:Zaiwa language
729:Main article:
726:
723:
679:Main article:
676:
673:
651:
648:
633:
630:
552:
549:
521:herbal healing
502:Kachin peoples
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
444:
443:
439:
438:
435:
434:
427:
421:
420:
414:
413:
412:Transcriptions
405:
404:
397:
391:
390:
387:
386:
378:
377:
375:
374:
350:
348:
347:
339:
336:
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310:
276:
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253:
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217:
216:
213:
195:
194:
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177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
160:
159:
156:
148:
147:
110:
100:
97:
96:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5291:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:Jingpo people
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Mikir (Karbi)
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Lakher (Mara)
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4671:Lushai (Mizo)
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4580:Suhte (Paite)
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
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4533:
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4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
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4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Mikir (Karbi)
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4298:Khowa (Bugun)
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Mikir (Karbi)
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:Lakher (Mara)
4220:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4144:Mikir (Karbi)
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:Mikir (Karbi)
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Mikir (Karbi)
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:Bugun (Khowa)
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:Digaro Mishmi
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3699:
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3692:
3691:
3688:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3616:Anglo-Burmese
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Danaw (Danau)
3448:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:Kwangli (Sim)
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:Kayin (Karen)
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2613:Indo-European
2610:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:
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2338:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2276:Upper Mongols
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1968:Austroasiatic
1965:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1822:
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1813:
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1806:
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1801:
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1596:
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1565:
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1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1499:OCLC 50424420
1496:
1495:9788175161061
1492:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1481:OCLC 37646449
1478:
1477:9780858834569
1474:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1451:
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1412:
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1399:
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1379:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
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1344:
1340:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1245:
1243:9781845202774
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:Myanmar Gov't
1192:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1164:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1098:Singpho tribe
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
998:
996:
989:
987:
986:(KWAT 2005).
985:
981:
977:
972:
968:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
941:
939:
935:
934:Kachin Levies
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
905:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:
873:
872:Upper Myanmar
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
842:
839:
838:Manau (dance)
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
732:
724:
722:
714:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:Tibeto-Burman
692:
688:
682:
674:
672:
668:
666:
661:
656:
649:
647:
644:
640:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
613:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
557:
550:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:craftsmanship
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
485:
477:
469:
465:
464:Jingpo people
455:
451:
449:
445:
440:
428:
426:
422:
419:
415:
410:
406:
398:
396:
392:
388:
385:Jingpo people
383:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
345:
341:
340:
337:
332:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
266:
254:
250:
248:
236:
232:
230:
218:
214:
212:
196:
192:
190:
178:
173:
166:
161:
154:
149:
132:
126:
120:
114:
108:
105:Jingpo people
93:
90:
82:
79:December 2020
72:
68:
62:
61:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:Kachin people
19:
5053:Khiamniungan
4357:
4167:Bodo-Kachari
4134:Bodo-Kachari
4046:(inc. Khasi
3945:Other tribes
3796:Galo/Gallong
3724:Major tribes
3475:Khmu (Khamu)
3421:Miram (Mara)
3064:Bre (Ka-Yaw)
2854:
2835:
2699:
2693:Kaifeng Jews
2649:
2642:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2466:
2446:
2434:
2412:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2360:
2348:
2321:
2309:
2158:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2102:
2095:
2081:
2051:
2039:Austronesian
2026:
2019:
2012:
1975:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1907:
1895:
1875:
1868:
1838:
1826:
1819:
1807:
1790:
1778:
1771:
1754:
1747:Lolo-Burmese
1724:
1710:
1693:
1677:Sino-Tibetan
1664:
1564:Kachin Bible
1544:Kachin Radio
1486:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1402:
1394:
1369:
1352:
1348:
1329:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1286:
1273:
1259:
1247:. Retrieved
1233:
1209:
1191:
1173:
1153:
1144:
1130:
1105:
1102:Khamti tribe
1090:
1080:Unlike most
1079:
1070:
1061:
1004:
1002:
993:
973:
969:
958:
942:
938:World War II
929:Yuan dynasty
924:
920:
916:
913:Ahom kingdom
910:
886:Kachin state
875:
869:
856:
846:
810:
793:Christianity
785:Christianity
774:
770:
752:
744:
740:
736:
734:
719:
691:Sino-Tibetan
686:
684:
669:
657:
653:
635:
621:
615:
595:
581:
573:Kachin State
567:in northern
565:Kachin Hills
562:
551:Distribution
514:
509:
498:ethnic group
493:
487:
463:
461:
442:Burmese name
425:Hanyu Pinyin
328:Christianity
211:Kachin State
199:
101:Ethnic group
85:
76:
57:
36:
4993:Naga tribes
4849:Kuki tribes
4831:, Tromopa,
4789:Naga tribes
4765:(see below)
4763:Kuki Tribes
4681:Munda, Kaur
4363:Tai peoples
4331:Naga tribes
4307:Miju Mishmi
4278:Aka (Hruso)
4273:Abor (Galo)
4242:Naga tribes
4218:(see below)
4216:Kuki Tribes
4084:Naga tribes
4060:(see below)
4058:Kuki Tribes
3761:Aka (Hruso)
3600:Hkun (Khün)
3470:Khamti Shan
3391:(Arakanese)
3353:Kadu (Kado)
3279:Torr (Tawr)
3074:Dai (Yindu)
3005:Ta-Hlay-Pwa
2537:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1391:E. R. Leach
1372:, Hong Kong
1355:: 249–256.
1291:Baruah 1977
1082:hill-people
884:in today's
857:Xunchuanman
699:Kachin–Luic
665:Shan people
523:and jungle
346:ethnicities
71:introducing
5223:Categories
5023:Chakhesang
4996:including:
4852:including:
4794:Pawi (Lai)
4353:Sherdukpen
4251:Raba, Rava
4247:Pawi (Lai)
4089:Pawi (Lai)
3901:Sherdukpen
3781:Chikum Dui
2951:Manu Manaw
2931:Geba Karen
2743:chauvinism
2722:Pakistanis
2705:Chaoxianzu
2317:Sogwo Arig
2236:Muumyangan
2221:Khishigten
2069:Hmong-Mien
2021:Vietnamese
1665:Underlined
1165:References
896:county in
882:Nmai River
877:Ming Shilu
836:See also:
830:See also:
650:In Myanmar
579:of China.
54:references
5208:See also
5193:Yimkhiung
4976:Thangngeu
4928:Lengthang
4908:Khawchung
4159:Meghalaya
4108:Yimkhiung
3801:Hill Miri
3670:Pakistani
3500:Shan Gale
3416:Maramagyi
3239:Saing Zan
3084:Eik-swair
3030:Shu (Pwo)
2990:Pa-Le-Chi
2966:Yin Talai
2924:Kayah (9)
2621:Armenians
2542:Ili Turks
2138:Dongxiang
1834:Qixingmin
1718:subgroups
1706:Chuanqing
1667:: the 56
1281::246–247)
1279:Wade 1994
1249:20 August
1076:Lifestyle
1029:Sivasagar
1017:Changlang
990:Migration
832:Mayu-Dama
747:(载瓦语) in
739:; called
617:Jǐngpō zú
489:Jǐngpō zú
472:ဂျိန်းဖော
452:ဂျိန်းဖော
431:Jǐngpō zú
274:Languages
5158:Tangkhul
5073:Liangmai
4897:Hongsung
4872:Gamalhou
4866:Chongloi
4863:Changsan
4757:Lyngngam
4585:Tangkhul
4520:Liangmai
4447:Zekhring
4371:Khamyang
4205:Lyngngam
4121:Nagaland
4052:Lyngngam
3936:Zekhring
3816:Khamyang
3766:Apa Tani
3675:Taungtha
3660:Rohingya
3633:Bayingyi
3595:Maingtha
3590:Maw Shan
3505:Shan Gyi
3411:Daingnet
3389:Rakhine
3254:Tangkhul
3249:Senthang
3129:Kwelshin
3025:Monnepwa
2915:Ngochang
2712:Macanese
2683:Japanese
2644:Russians
2626:Iranians
2522:Altaians
2459:Tungusic
2231:Khuuchid
2226:Khorchin
2216:Kharchin
2171:Abaganar
2144:Hamnigan
2115:Mongolic
2047:Filipino
1864:Gyalrong
1616:Archived
1579:Archived
1567:Archived
1530:Archived
1430:Liú Lù,
1414:Archived
1378:citation
1361:44139078
1265:"Kachin"
1199:Archived
1181:Archived
1100:and the
1093:used tea
1067:Religion
1041:Bordumsa
1037:Golaghat
1025:Tinsukia
976:Thailand
867:people.
797:Animists
767:Religion
687:Jinghpaw
510:Jinghpaw
496:) is an
314:Religion
18:Jinghpaw
5173:Thangal
5148:Sangtam
5143:Rongmei
5123:Pochury
5103:Monsang
5068:Lamkang
5063:Lainong
4983:Vaiphei
4963:Sitlhou
4960:Singson
4953:Sairhem
4943:Mangjel
4940:Lupheng
4937:Lhouvun
4934:Lhoujem
4931:Lhangum
4919:Kholhou
4885:Hanneng
4869:Doungel
4829:Tibetan
4821:Kagatey
4751:(inc.
4701:Tripuri
4651:Jamatia
4632:Chaimal
4615:Tripura
4595:Vaiphei
4570:Rongmei
4545:Monsang
4515:Lamkang
4505:Koireng
4457:Manipur
4427:Minyong
4367:Khampti
4321:Lishipa
4283:Apatani
4199:(inc.
4011:Mizoram
3961:Lishipa
3906:Singpho
3876:Mishing
3866:Minyong
3626:Panthay
3621:Chinese
3555:Yin Net
3550:Yin Kya
3540:Wa (Va)
3535:Taungyo
3530:Taishon
3525:Tai-Lay
3520:Tai-Lon
3515:Tai Nua
3510:Tai-Loi
3495:Palaung
3402:(Kaman)
3372:Mon (1)
3284:Yin Gog
3264:Tay-Zan
3134:Kwe Myi
3109:Kaungso
3099:Hualngo
2961:Yin Baw
2941:Karenni
2860:Dalaung
2855:Jingpaw
2731:Related
2701:Koreans
2678:Indians
2631:Nepalis
2601:Western
2581:Uyghurs
2482:Manchus
2373:Tai Nua
2368:Tai Lue
2341:Kra–Dai
2329:Eastern
2311:Monguor
2283:Onnigud
2271:Torghut
2261:Khoshut
2251:Dzungar
2241:Naimans
2211:Khalkha
2201:Jalaids
2191:Chahars
2186:Buryats
2181:Baarins
2160:Mongols
2149:Kangjia
2053:Gaoshan
1909:Tibetan
1888:Tibetic
1851:Qiangic
1798:Laomian
1737:Waxiang
1732:Longjia
1686:Sinitic
1427:, 2005.
1341:Sources
1055:of the
1019:and in
1005:Singpho
894:Lu-shui
890:Myanmar
843:History
825:turbans
807:Culture
791:follow
789:Myanmar
779:follow
757:Burmese
749:Chinese
745:Zǎiwǎyǔ
622:Singpho
604:Chinese
569:Myanmar
508:is the
494:siŋphou
476:Chinese
468:Burmese
448:Burmese
395:Chinese
320:Animism
304:Burmese
269:100–200
233:147,828
215:540,763
189:Myanmar
119:Wunpong
113:Jinghpo
67:improve
5188:Wancho
5178:Tikhir
5163:Tangsa
5138:Rengma
5133:Poumai
5098:Maring
5083:Makury
5058:Konyak
5048:Kharam
5038:Chothe
5008:Angami
4957:Selnam
4922:Kipgen
4915:Khelma
4905:Jongbe
4894:Hengna
4891:Haolai
4876:Gangte
4839:Lepcha
4825:Sherpa
4817:Bhutia
4809:Sikkim
4739:Hajong
4724:Chakma
4696:Santal
4686:Noatia
4666:Lepcha
4656:Khasia
4636:Chakma
4628:Bhutia
4590:Thadou
4535:Maring
4485:Gangte
4480:Chothe
4442:Puroik
4402:Khamba
4385:(inc.
4365:(inc.
4347:Wancho
4339:Tangsa
4333:(inc.
4317:Chugpa
4315:(inc.
4305:(inc.
4303:Mishmi
4293:Galong
4187:Hajong
4172:Chakma
4034:Hajong
4019:Chakma
3956:Chugpa
3931:Wancho
3921:Tangsa
3911:Sulung
3881:Nyishi
3836:Palibo
3811:Khamti
3806:Khamba
3771:Ashing
3736:Mishmi
3653:Tamils
3648:Indian
3638:Gurkha
3565:Man Zi
3485:Kokang
3400:Kamein
3348:Yabein
3309:Zotung
3304:Zophei
3299:Sizang
3259:Tapong
3244:Saline
3234:Rongtu
3204:Lusayy
3164:Lyente
3159:Lhinbu
3154:Laymyo
3149:Lawhtu
3144:Laizao
3119:Khawno
3020:Monpwa
2971:Zayein
2905:Rawang
2875:Duleng
2870:Hkahku
2846:Kachin
2717:Nivkhs
2666:Others
2657:Wakhis
2588:Uzbeks
2575:Tuvans
2555:Kyrgyz
2548:Kazakh
2514:Turkic
2496:Oroqen
2468:Evenks
2448:Zhuang
2420:Qabiao
2402:Maonan
2356:Buyang
2350:Bouyei
2246:Oirats
2206:Jaruud
2196:Gorlos
2176:Aohans
2154:Khatso
2059:Utsuls
2014:Ta'ang
1939:Jingpo
1932:Derung
1919:Others
1903:Sherpa
1803:Laopin
1786:Kucong
1756:Achang
1701:Caijia
1493:
1475:
1458:; 2007
1359:
1315:p. 24.
1240:
1049:Namsai
1033:Jorhat
984:Yangon
954:Ne Win
923:, and
921:Zhexie
917:Echang
898:Yunnan
853:Yunnan
821:silver
817:bamboo
751:, and
737:Tsaiwa
675:Jingpo
620:) and
614::
612:pinyin
606::
596:Jingpo
592:Taiwan
486::
484:pinyin
478::
342:Other
306:, and
280:Jingpo
265:Taiwan
262:
244:
226:
208:
186:
131:Dungzo
56:, but
5183:Tutsa
5168:Tarao
5118:Para
5113:Nocte
5108:Moyon
5093:Maram
5078:Lotha
5043:Inpui
5033:Chiru
5028:Chirr
5018:Chang
4979:Uibuh
4972:Thado
4967:Sukte
4949:Riang
4946:Misao
4881:Guite
4859:Biate
4833:Yolmo
4716:Assam
4706:Uchoi
4691:Riang
4646:Halam
4641:Garoo
4575:Simte
4565:Ralte
4560:Purum
4555:Paite
4550:Moyon
4530:Maram
4495:Inpui
4475:Chiru
4465:Aimol
4412:Memba
4397:Deori
4391:Padam
4375:Phake
4343:Tutsa
4335:Nocte
4325:Takpa
4313:Momba
4112:woman
3926:Tutsa
3916:Takpa
3886:Nocte
3851:Monpa
3846:Memba
3841:Phake
3831:Padam
3786:Deori
3665:Malay
3460:Intha
3406:Khami
3358:Ganan
3333:Dawei
3289:Zahau
3269:Thado
3229:Panun
3224:Oo-Pu
3219:Ngawn
3199:Mi-er
3179:Marma
3174:Malin
3169:Magun
3114:Kebar
3094:Guite
3069:Cumtu
3000:S'gaw
2936:Gheko
2910:Taron
2865:Gauri
2755:Minzu
2636:Daman
2595:Yugur
2569:Tatar
2562:Salar
2532:Dolan
2503:Sibes
2489:Nanai
2474:Solon
2414:Mulao
2388:Gelao
2323:Yugur
2298:Sunud
2288:Ordos
2256:Khoid
2166:Abaga
2124:Bonan
2089:Hmong
2077:Gejia
2008:Pakan
1988:Kunge
1983:Bolyu
1977:Blang
1953:Tujia
1946:Lhoba
1897:Monpa
1877:Qiang
1859:Baima
1821:Nakhi
1815:Mosuo
1357:JSTOR
1136:Notes
1119:Dress
1021:Assam
1013:Lohit
980:China
925:Yeren
861:Qiang
777:India
725:Zaiwa
707:Enkun
703:Zaiwa
632:Scope
626:India
600:China
588:Assam
541:Bamar
537:Lisus
533:Shans
529:Nagas
367:Qiang
355:Bamar
296:Lashi
288:Zaiwa
251:7,958
247:India
229:China
143:ကချင်
125:Zaizo
5198:Zeme
5153:Sumi
5128:Phom
5003:Anāl
4925:Kuki
4744:Hmar
4734:Garo
4661:Kuki
4623:Bhil
4600:Zeme
4490:Hmar
4470:Anal
4417:Miji
4407:Lisu
4387:Bori
4211:Koch
4192:Hmar
4182:Garo
4149:Naga
4139:Kuki
4129:Garo
4110:Naga
4064:Mara
4039:Hmar
4029:Garo
3856:Miji
3826:Lisu
3776:Bori
3643:Mizo
3570:Pyin
3490:Lahu
3465:Pa-O
3455:Danu
3443:(33)
3441:Shan
3431:Thet
3363:Hpon
3338:Beik
3214:Naga
3194:Mgan
3184:Matu
3059:Asho
3054:Anun
3042:(53)
3040:Chin
3010:Paku
2983:(11)
2956:Pale
2900:Lisu
2895:Atsi
2885:Hpon
2848:(12)
2688:Jews
2527:Äynu
2442:Yang
2430:Shan
2408:Nùng
2381:Dong
2303:Urad
2266:Olot
2131:Daur
2083:Miao
2003:Mang
1993:Khmu
1926:Deng
1870:Pumi
1809:Lisu
1792:Lahu
1780:Jino
1773:Hani
1767:Bisu
1762:Akha
1491:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1384:link
1251:2010
1238:ISBN
1113:Soma
1086:jhum
1045:Miao
1035:and
1015:and
1003:The
982:and
865:Miao
863:and
815:and
813:wood
741:Atsi
586:and
462:The
371:Miao
363:Lisu
359:Shan
300:Pela
292:Maru
284:Lisu
5088:Mao
4676:Mag
4605:Zou
4525:Mao
4510:Kom
4437:Nga
4383:Adi
3896:Ran
3891:Nga
3756:Adi
3731:Adi
3580:Son
3575:Eng
3560:Yun
3545:Yao
3480:Kwi
3393:(7)
3379:Mon
3343:Yaw
3326:(9)
3314:Zou
3079:Dim
3049:Anu
3015:Bwe
2436:Sui
2425:Rau
2362:Dai
2104:Yao
2097:She
1998:Lai
1726:Hui
1712:Han
1695:Bai
799:or
755:in
624:in
608:景颇族
598:in
571:'s
480:景颇族
401:景颇族
5225::
5013:Ao
4827:,
4823:,
4389:,
4373:,
4369:,
4345:,
4341:,
4337:,
4323:,
4319:,
2395:Li
2028:Wa
1840:Yi
1828:Nu
1497:;
1479:;
1393:,
1380:}}
1376:{{
1353:38
1351:.
1328:.
1232:.
1220:^
1043:,
1031:,
978:,
940:.
919:,
900:.
888:,
803:.
783:.
753:Zi
697:,
693:,
610:;
531:,
519:,
492:;
482:;
474:;
470::
369:,
365:,
361:,
357:,
326:,
322:,
302:,
298:,
294:,
290:,
286:,
282:,
140:,
137:景頗
134:,
128:,
122:,
116:,
4835:)
4759:)
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