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389:, there had been no synagogue of major architectural significance in the Americas. The centennial celebration of the Synagogue, celebrated in October 1785, was said to have an attendance of more than 1500 persons, many of whom sailed in from Paramaribo, since by that time only twenty or so Jewish families were still living in Jodensavanne. Efforts were also made in the twentieth century to clear and preserve the synagogue ruins.
342:. The British attempted to keep this group from moving again by guaranteeing them privileges including the right to operate their own court and to have freedom of religion. It was at around this time that the community took on the name Savanne after the fields which surrounded it; the settlement was built on a raised area of ground and was first built with one main road and four side streets. A school was built which taught
385:) built between 1665 and 1671 and renovated in 1827. The construction of this synagogue marked the move of the centre of Jewish life in the region from Torarica to Jodensavanne. This first synagogue contained a separate section for women, an archive for the community, and silver detailing on the wooden building. A second, made of imported brick, was constructed in 1685. Before the construction of the
413:, while the growth of Paramaribo as the colony's exclusive trading port, nearer to the coast, acted to pull Jews away from Jodensavanne. By 1790, Jodensavanne's population was approximated to be around twenty-two, excluding slaves. This dropped to less than ten by the early 19th century. The settlement continued in its reduced state until it was destroyed by fire during a slave revolt in 1832.
290:
40:
556:. Named in due part to the Cassipora Creek that stems from the Surinam river, it is expected to hold approximately two hundred tombstones, the earliest of which being from the early 17th century, and the most recent believed to have been constructed in 1840. The headstones here are primarily inscribed with Hebrew, Portuguese, and Dutch, and there exist several
361:
which used
African slaves as labor; according to some accounts newly settled families received 4 or 5 slaves as part of their settlement grant. As the Dutch gained control of Suriname, they preserved the rights granted to this Jewish community and even expanded it in some ways, including the right to
350:
in addition to Jewish topics. Part of the reason that these Jewish colonists were preparing for more permanent settlement was that, unlike
Christian colonists who often hoped to get rich running a plantation and return to Europe, residents of Jodensavanne did not have anywhere in Europe to return to.
258:
were established by forcing Black
African people to work as slaves. At its height in around 1700, Jodensavanne was home to roughly 500 plantation owners and 9000 enslaved people. The colony faced regular attacks from Indigenous people, slave revolts, and even raids from the French navy. The community
400:
Jodensavanne declined during the mid-18th century, and most of its population moved to
Paramaribo. In the eighteenth century, Suriname was rocked by a series of crises which hit Jewish plantations, some of which were among the oldest in the colony, particularly hard. Expenses tended to increase as a
365:
Jodensavanne's slave-owning citizens also regularly engaged in conflict with neighboring
Indigenous populations and with enslaved people in their plantations. In 1670, according to the Essai Historique, approximately two hundred or so Jewish people had left Suriname, and in 1677, a year before the
461:
is working on a history of 18th century
Jodensavanne, focusing on David Cohen Nassy (born 1747), and relations between Black and white people within the Jewish community. An article titled 'Regaining Jerusalem' was published in 2016 by Davis, detailing a celebration of
489:
The
Archaeological Institute of the Americas, in partnership with the University of Suriname, engaged in a project labeled as the 'Interactive Dig Jodensavanne', of which conservation efforts and record-keeping projects have been active since 2014.
362:
carry goods on
Sundays and banish people from their community, as well as a 1691 land grant of 100 acres for building a synagogue and burial site. The settlement reached its largest size in around 1700 when it was estimated to have 570 citizens.
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325:
and
Barbados, marking a solid date for the origins of a Jewish community being established within the territory. In the year 1652, a new group of approximately twelve hundred that migrated under the leadership of
525:
Jodensavanne's population has not been clearly established. Sources such as the Essai
Historique, assert the population to be held at approximately one thousand in 1677; in contrast, historians such as
374:. French sailors, aware of the richness of the community, also raided it in 1712. Due to the many attacks, especially by former slaves, the colonists built up a defensive system around the settlement.
370:) in the latter part of 1678 and slaves also revolted. Again in 1690 there was a slave revolt on the plantation of an owner named Immanuel Machado, who was killed and whose former slaves fled to a
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in 1750, most of which bearing 'Jewish' names, such as the thousand-acre properties owned by one Solomon Meza. These plantations were marked and identified through an 18th-century map titled, "
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cultivation in Europe from 1784 and the depletion of soils on the oldest plantations both decreased revenues. Security conditions deteriorated as a result of ongoing
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Carib assault on Jodensavanne, ten Jewish families had left with their slaves. European settlements including those in the Jodensavanne were attacked by Carib (
1554:
239:
and became more developed and wealthy after a group of Jews fleeing persecution in Brazil settled there in the 1660s. It was located in what is now
1599:
514:
1107:
Davis, Natalie Zemon (11 December 2015). "Regaining Jerusalem: Eschatology and Slavery in Jewish Colonization in Seventeenth-Century Suriname".
1330:
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263:. Clearing of grave sites and maintenance of the synagogue ruins has been attempted at various times from the 1940s to the 21st century.
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There were several cemeteries located within Jodensavanne, of which the most heavily used, and first existing cemetery is known as the
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A map detailing and listing the plantations found alongside the Surinam river, the location of Jodensavanne provided.
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by Benjamin de Caseras, Henry de Caseras, and Jacob Fraso for the permission to live and trade in the territories of
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Synagogue, alongside three cemeteries, of which the headstones are primarily inscribed with Hebrew and Portuguese.
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have argued for a lack of strong Jewish presence, an assertion that would imply a less populated Jodensavanne.
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The remains of the Beracha ve Shalom ("Blessings and Peace") synagogue on the Jodensavanne (February 2000)
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De kolonisatie van de Portugeesch Joodsche natie in Suriname en de geschiedenis van de Joden Savanne
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De kolonisatie van de Portugeesch Joodsche natie in Suriname en de geschiedenis van de Joden Savanne
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settled in the area now known as Jodensavanne. A third group came 1664, after their expulsion from
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A recovered gravestone from one of the cemeteries located in Jodensavanne, inscribed in Hebrew
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in the area as well, an indication of the Jewish community structures within the settlement.
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As of the current day, all that remains at the site of Jodensavanne are the remnants of the
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381:("Blessings and Peace") was founded, with the first wooden synagogue in the community (the
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549:", drawn by engineer Alexander de Lavaux, a Berlin native who served in Prussian forces.
696:"Jodensavanne Archaeological Site: Jodensavanne Settlement and Cassipora Creek Cemetery"
590:"Jodensavanne Archaeological Site: Jodensavanne Settlement and Cassipora Creek Cemetery"
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Jodensavanne Archaeological Site: Jodensavanne Settlement and Cassipora Creek Cemetery
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Jodensavanne Archaeological Site: Jodensavanne Settlement and Cassipora Creek Cemetery
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Teroenga; maandblad ten behoeve van de leden der Israëlietische gemeenten in Suriname
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was built near the location of the former Jewish settlement and named after it, the
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1151:"A Brief History of Jodensavanne, Suriname - Archaeological Institute of America"
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Ben-Ur, Aviva en Rachel Frankel Epitaphs, 2009 (Hebrew Union College Press)
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De strafkolonie. Een Nederlands concentratiekamp in Suriname 1942 - 1946
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440:
428:. It was constructed in 1942 to house 146 political prisoners from the
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History, Power, and Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Americas, 1492-1992
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271:
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A.G. Besier March 1, 1942 to July 15, 1946, Bunne 1994 (Uitg. Servo)
910:
Frankel, Rachel (2001), "Antecedents and Remnants of Jodensavanne",
432:
who were considered hard-core German sympathisers or members of the
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In 1639, the English, who controlled Suriname at the time, allowed
1283:
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Analysis of annals, relating to early Jewish settlement in Surinam
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468:
391:
310:
288:
1273:
Maaike Verschuren, Parbode, nr. 33, januari 2009, pp. 46–48.
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27:
Plantation community established in Suriname by Sephardi Jews
912:
The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800
1259:
De groene hel. Een Nederlands concentratiekamp in Suriname
1083:"A Star Historian Opens a New Chapter: Jewish Slaveowners"
1045:"Een vergeten schandaal uit onze vaderlandse geschiedenis"
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to settle in the area. They came first to the old capital
649:"Jodensavanne: Verwaarloosd monument v. opgejaagde joden"
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Algemeene Kaart van de Colonie of Provintie van Surinam
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The settlement of Joden Savanne and Cassipora cemetery
1109:
The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry
894:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Menno Hertzberger. p. 13.
838:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Menno Hertzberger. p. 56.
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243:, about 50 km (31 mi) south of the capital
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There were around 70 existing plantations along the
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1409:
1380:
1361:
997:
Contributions to the history of the Jews in Surinam
967:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: S. Emmering. pp. 273–4.
942:Santoro van Halm Braam, M.E.C. (15 November 1985).
877:(in Dutch). Surinaamsch Handelskantoor. p. 20.
821:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: S. Emmering. pp. 136–7.
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760:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: S. Emmering. pp. 71–4.
450:were also deported to Jodensavanne, most famously
1532:Italic denotes the capital *Abandoned settlement
1253:Remnant Stones. The Jewish Cemeteries of Suriname
888:Oudschans Dentz, Frederik; Benjamins, HD (1927).
832:Oudschans Dentz, Frederik; Benjamins, HD (1927).
777:(in Dutch). Paramarimbo: H. B. Hevde. p. 40.
774:Beknopte geschiedenis van de kolonie van Suriname
1267:Twan van den Brand Amsterdam 2006 (Uitg. Balans)
653:Vrije Stem: onafhankelijk weekblad voor Suriname
1271:Wreedheden in Kamp Jodensavanne. De groene hel
317:. On 8 April 1651, a petition was sent to the
1331:
874:Historisch overzicht over Suriname, 1613-1934
8:
1560:Historic Jewish communities in South America
726:"Iets over the uitgifte van de Jodensavanna"
677:"Resten Joden savanne in Surinaamse oerwoud"
32:
1338:
1324:
1316:
38:
31:
401:result of: a hefty tribute levied by the
396:Jodensavanne synagogue grounds circa 1860
1585:Sephardi Jewish culture in South America
995:Gottheil, Richard James Horatio (1901).
794:. University of Iowa Press. p. 32.
227:") was a Jewish plantation community in
623:"Rijke Sefardiem op plantages Suriname"
581:
259:eventually relocated to the capital of
999:. American Jewish Historical Society.
1064:"Hugo Pos rekent af met zijn demonen"
852:Leurs, Gloria C. (15 November 1985).
621:Leurs, Gloria C. (15 November 1985).
493:The Jodensavanne is located near the
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177:
169:
161:
153:
144:
7:
1610:History of the Jews in South America
1019:"Kamp Jodensavanne zwarte bladzijde"
914:, Berghahn Books, pp. 394–436,
62:
1555:Former populated places in Suriname
1081:Herschthal, Eric (17 August 2006).
354:This Jewish community developed a
25:
1062:De Graaf, Jan (5 December 1986).
277:in September 2023 under the name
675:Schmit, Hans (4 December 1981).
61:
54:
1600:Tourist attractions in Suriname
694:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
570:History of the Jews in Suriname
511:Desiré Delano Bouterse Highway
383:3rd synagogue in South America
1:
979:"History of Jews in Suriname"
647:Wolf, Sig. W. (2 June 1975).
1307:Penal colony at Jodensavanne
948:Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad
858:Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad
700:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
627:Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad
594:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
426:Jodensavanne internment camp
266:Jodensavanne along with the
509:onto Paramaribo or via the
1636:
1615:Slavery in the Netherlands
148:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1575:Jewish Surinamese history
1570:Jewish Portuguese history
1530:
1051:(in Dutch). 5 March 1994.
964:Geschiedenis van Suriname
944:"Synagoge in het oerwoud"
818:Geschiedenis van Suriname
788:Jonathan D. Hill (1996).
757:Geschiedenis van Suriname
205:
201:
141:
49:
37:
1087:The Jewish Daily Forward
950:(in Dutch). p. 133.
771:Bueno Bibaz, J. (1928).
629:(in Dutch). p. 133.
328:Francis, Lord Willoughby
319:English Council of State
293:Jodensavanne around 1830
118:5.4291722°N 54.9842861°W
1284:Jodensavanne Foundation
920:10.2307/j.ctt1x76f5z.26
448:Indonesian nationalists
1595:Synagogues in Suriname
1155:www.archaeological.org
655:(in Dutch). p. 2.
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123:5.4291722; -54.9842861
1550:Dutch-Jewish diaspora
1226:Rens, L.L.E. (1954).
1176:"Education Redi Doti"
871:Wolff, H. J. (1934).
536:
472:
466:within Jodensavanne.
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292:
70:Shown within Suriname
1590:Sephardi Jews topics
1565:Jewish Dutch history
961:Wolbers, J. (1861).
815:Wolbers, J. (1861).
754:Wolbers, J. (1861).
736:(7): 8–9. July 1956.
452:Ernest Douwes Dekker
1620:Judaism and slavery
1289:7 July 2010 at the
1121:10.1017/pli.2015.29
459:Natalie Zemon Davis
275:World Heritage Site
114: /
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1605:Jewish communities
1312:at strafkolonie.nl
554:Cassipora Cemetery
539:
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403:Cassard expedition
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359:plantation economy
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270:were designated a
268:Cassipora Cemetery
194:Reference no.
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801:978-1-58729-110-4
528:Harry Friedenwald
484:Berache ve Shalom
478:Current situation
430:Dutch East Indies
387:Beracha ve Shalom
379:Beracha ve Shalom
377:The congregation
340:David Cohen Nassy
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106:5°25′45.02″N
33:Jodensavanne
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18:Jodensavanna
1502:Pikin Saron
1482:Cabendadorp
1160:20 November
860:(in Dutch).
854:"Synagogen"
683:(in Dutch).
497:village of
411:Maroon Wars
303:Netherlands
256:plantations
121: /
97:Coordinates
1544:Categories
1497:Onverdacht
1425:Onverwacht
1371:Maripaston
1363:Bigi Poika
1310:(in Dutch)
1207:(in Dutch)
1068:Het Parool
1025:(in Dutch)
576:References
521:Population
507:Avobakaweg
495:indigenous
457:Historian
407:sugar beet
356:sugar-cane
348:Portuguese
261:Paramaribo
245:Paramaribo
179:Designated
137:Settlement
1507:Republiek
1401:Redi Doti
1390:Cassipora
1236:773200985
1137:163802695
1129:2052-2614
1092:12 August
1005:847522377
501:, in the
499:Redi Doti
338:, led by
334:and then
301:from the
253:Sugarcane
247:, on the
1522:Zanderij
1517:Witsanti
1459:Torarica
1431:Rijsdijk
1382:Carolina
1355:Suriname
1287:Archived
564:See also
464:Passover
323:Suriname
315:Torarica
307:Portugal
229:Suriname
171:Criteria
166:Cultural
91:Suriname
83:Carolina
79:Location
1512:Sabakoe
1477:Berlijn
1454:Powakka
1449:Paranam
1347:Resorts
515:airport
513:to the
439:or the
416:During
344:Spanish
285:History
225:Savanna
186:session
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1185:18 May
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441:German
332:Brazil
272:UNESCO
222:Jewish
184:(45th
1492:Matta
1411:Noord
1133:S2CID
681:Trouw
444:NSDAP
434:Dutch
420:, an
311:Italy
218:Dutch
182:2023
1469:Zuid
1441:Oost
1232:OCLC
1213:2020
1187:2020
1162:2018
1125:ISSN
1094:2020
1031:2020
1001:OCLC
924:ISBN
796:ISBN
707:2023
601:2023
346:and
309:and
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437:NSB
220:, "
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