765:
only seating the central 6 m (19 ft 8 in) section in the deck while the outer areas of the elevator rested on top of the deck, requiring a small ramp to move on or off the elevator. The rear elevator was outside the hangar and only its forward end reached the flight deck. Although it only measured 12.5 by 6 m (41 ft 0 in by 19 ft 8 in), its position allowed it to strike down aircraft regardless of size.
75:
26:
945:
ranged in thickness from 35 to 55 millimeters (1.4 to 2.2 in) abreast the propulsion machinery spaces, but thinned to 26 millimeters (1 in) abreast the magazines. The steering compartment was fitted with 26-millimeter armor plates. The 130 mm directors, turrets, their hoists, and their
900:
and had a theoretical rate of fire of 165 rounds per minute. They had a range of 8,000 meters (8,700 yd) with their 0.831-kilogram (1.83 lb) shells which were fired at a muzzle velocity of 825 m/s (2,710 ft/s). Their mounts had an elevation range of -10° to +85°. The 13.2 mm
764:
s flight operations. The forward elevator was roughly T-shaped and measured 13 m (42 ft 8 in) long and 17 m (55 ft 9 in) wide; the large elevator well so close to the bow weakened the ships' structure so the designers minimized the size of the well in the hangar deck by
912:
for anti-aircraft defense and the lower with a 6-meter (19 ft 8 in) one for surface engagements. Each of the upper 130 mm turrets was fitted with a rotating 5-meter rangefinder as a backup to the directors. A director equipped with a 2-meter (6 ft 7 in) rangefinder remotely
773:
amidships could be used to divide the hangar. It was the only one that could be used for aircraft operations as the lower hangars were dedicated to workshops and aircraft assembly and storage facilities. The rear lower hangar was 79 by 14.9 m (259 ft 2 in by 48 ft 11 in) in
768:
The carriers were designed with two hangar decks, the upper of which measured 158.5 by 20.8 m (520 ft 0 in by 68 ft 3 in) with a height of 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in). A space 20 m (65 ft 7 in) long below the flight deck and between the upper hangar and
756:
were positioned at the ends of the flight deck, allowing aircraft landing amidships to taxi forward to the elevators and rapidly clear the flight deck. Both elevators were configured to be used by aircraft with their wings still spread, eliminating the requirement to fold the wings before using the
778:
to allow for a passageway to the lower hangar annex that measured 42 by 6.6 m (137 ft 10 in by 21 ft 8 in). This annex, presumably dedicated to spare parts, was offset to port to make room for the boiler uptakes and ventilation ducting of the forward engine and fire rooms.
509:
was simply too slow to support. The Navy believed that carrier operations within range of hostile land-based aircraft were not viable given the limited size of their air groups and the commerce protection mission was ideal for its carriers. Design studies for a carrier able to operate with the new
476:
control of naval aviation as the new ministry centralized all aspects of military aviation, including aircraft development, training, bases and coastal aircraft. With the Navy only controlling the aircraft aboard its ships, the development of naval aviation stagnated as it was generally ignored by
387:
an experimental carrier in 1927, but it was slow and obsolete by the mid-1930s. Support for naval aviation in the navy was weak during this time as it had lost control of its aircraft, its training and their development to the new Air
Ministry when it formed in 1928 and did not regain full control
946:
upper handling rooms were protected by 20 millimeters (0.8 in) of armor, as were the command spaces in the island. For protection against fire, the aviation gasoline tanks were surrounded by either empty compartments with fire-resistant insulation or inert gases on all sides.
682:. This helped to compensate for the weight of the very large island and allowed it to have a continuous width of 27 meters (88 ft 7 in). The deck itself was 16 millimeters (0.63 in) in thickness. The carriers were intended to be fitted with an aircraft-handling
966:
led to a slow down of construction as resources were diverted to higher-priority tasks and the ultimate cessation of work that came in June 1940 when the country capitulated after the German invasion when the ship was approximately 20% complete. Work on
774:
size and had a height of 4.4 m (14 ft 5 in). A 13 by 7 m (42 ft 8 in by 23 ft 0 in) elevator at the forward end of this hangar allowed aircraft to be transferred between the hangars. This elevator was offset to
798:(French Naval Aviation) believed that air operations would be continuous, with small numbers of aircraft taking off or landing. This required multi-role aircraft, able to switch between missions as the tactical situation dictated. The
931:
to the aft aviation gasoline tank. It was 105 millimeters (4.1 in) thick and had a height of about 3.7 meters (12 ft 2 in) from the main deck to 1.45 meters (4 ft 9 in) below the waterline. It formed an
940:
at its ends. The armored deck was 70 mm thick over the magazines and gasoline tanks, but reduced to 30 millimeters (1.2 in) amidships over the machinery compartments. The 6.6-meter-deep (21 ft 8 in)
814:, although no aircraft was completed before the Armistice cancelled further work. It issued the A47 specification in 1937 for attack aircraft to equip the carriers and ordered two prototypes each of the
741:
in 1935, collapsible landing signals were positioned on the centerline of the flight deck amid the arresting wires, facing in both directions. The flight deck was not provided with any
1532:
913:
controlled each ACAD mount. The two forward directors were superimposed on the roof of the island while the two after directors were side-by-side aft of the director tower.
1069:
58:
1593:
1525:
448:
into an aircraft carrier in 1922 to gain experience with carrier aviation. The following year the Naval
General Staff requested another carrier similar to
896:, two on the stern and a pair on the island. The remaining mount was on the port side underneath the flight deck overhang. The 37 mm guns were fully
2250:
2138:
456:
2235:
844:
285:
1518:
1746:
1484:
1416:
1397:
1378:
511:
2245:
1505:
595:
483:
was able to gradually reduce the ministry's control between 1931 and 1934 until it regained full control in August 1936. By this time the
2240:
2150:
828:
issued the updated A80 specification that same year for a faster aircraft and selected the Bréguet Bre.810, a navalized version of the
1877:
2230:
2004:
1454:
1435:
1355:
1328:
1309:
102:
1760:
1948:
1616:
651:
443:
90:
1010:
to match the modern German and
Italian battleships was more important. This was further demonstrated when the first ship of the
1962:
1891:
1586:
396:
and carriers were deemed useful to hunt them down, especially once the
Germans began building a carrier of their own in 1936.
908:
on the top of a short tower on the roof of the island. The upper director was equipped with a 5-meter (16 ft 5 in)
1753:
733:, abreast the island, although the number of wires was increased to nine. While the amidships position minimized the ships'
1990:
1923:
1916:
533:
510:
ships began in 1934, but two ships were not authorized until 1937, possibly in response to the laying down of the carrier
452:, but this was rejected as too expensive and plans were made for a cheaper aircraft transport that eventually became the
2032:
1983:
1940:
1911:
1816:
694:
aboard. They had a fuel capacity of approximately 270,000 litres (59,000 imp gal; 71,000 US gal) of
2101:
1025:
and the
British had an ample number of carriers that could perform the trade protection mission in the North Atlantic.
2174:
1739:
889:
303:
1850:
2162:
1884:
1843:
1795:
1671:
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1001:
646:
aft of it so that one hit could not completely immobilize the ships. The boiler uptakes were trunked into a single
434:
1969:
1809:
1719:
1712:
1657:
1046:
408:
404:
882:
294:
2087:
2011:
1857:
1767:
1650:
635:
585:
2039:
2018:
1823:
1678:
1011:
737:
in high seas, the air turbulence generated by the island was at its worst amidships. Based on trials aboard
2025:
1997:
1955:
1788:
1698:
1479:]. Collection Navires et Histoire des Marines du Mond; 35 (in French). Le Vigen, France: Lela Presse.
867:
2126:
2080:
2066:
1976:
1802:
1705:
679:
615:
165:
769:
the rear elevator allowed aircraft to warm up their engines before moving to the flight deck. A single
745:, so the American practice of keeping aircraft on the deck during landing operations was not possible.
1021:
in the queue for
Slipway No. 1. This belief was not unreasonable as the Germans had suspended work on
715:
and stern, so that battle damage to the flight deck would not necessarily end flight operations. Like
937:
928:
859:
971:
was not continued by the
Germans and the hull was scrapped. The second planned vessel of the class,
2108:
2094:
1930:
905:
841:
557:
866:
of 800 m/s (2,600 ft/s). This gave them a range of 20,870 meters (22,820 yd) at an
2059:
927:-class ships covered the middle 120 meters (393 ft 8 in) of the hull, from the forward
775:
384:
829:
618:) and a temperature of 385 °C (725 °F). The turbines were rated at a total of 120,000
2073:
1480:
1450:
1431:
1412:
1393:
1374:
1351:
1324:
1305:
1061:
897:
875:
695:
678:
The ships' 201-meter-long (659 ft 5 in) flight deck was offset to the left from the
627:
591:
216:
2156:
1608:
1571:
1097:
886:
847:
803:
453:
393:
366:
144:
810:
attacks. In 1939 the Navy ordered 120 Dewoitine D.790 fighters, a navalized variant of the
2168:
2144:
1630:
933:
863:
819:
811:
711:
class for "double-ended" operations, where aircraft could land and take off over both the
683:
603:
537:
498:
494:
1500:
568:
of 6.6 meters (21 ft 8 in). Their crew numbered 70 officers and 1,180 sailors.
1343:
742:
727:
607:
502:
2224:
1731:
1690:
1085:
1073:
1064:
815:
793:
787:
667:
647:
611:
599:
582:
416:
263:
240:
62:
1869:
955:
942:
871:
770:
734:
565:
517:
392:
building program in the early 1930s to counter German ships that were suitable for
380:
802:-class carriers were designed with an air group of 40 aircraft, 15 single-engined
1510:
1321:
Aircraft
Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present: An Illustrated Encyclopedia
909:
855:
659:
643:
631:
545:
490:
376:
327:
307:
251:
80:
806:
and 25 twin-engined aircraft capable of long-range reconnaissance, bombing and
1642:
1007:
920:
893:
851:
712:
619:
440:
389:
333:
321:
222:
2132:
1903:
1835:
1780:
963:
917:
730:
655:
639:
561:
541:
400:
194:
172:
477:
the ministry and no new carrier aircraft were developed in 1928–1932. The
870:
of +45°. Their mounts had a maximum elevation of +75° and the guns had a
749:
691:
670:(13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).
663:
623:
553:
339:
226:
161:
980:
807:
266:(13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
983:
No. 1. A third ship was intended to be authorized in 1940 to replace
901:
machine guns had an effective range of 2,500 m (8,200 ft).
753:
606:
using steam provided by the boilers at a working pressure of 35
297:
288:
388:
until 1936. Traditionalists among the naval leadership had begun a
2051:
885:
guns in four twin-gun ACAD mounts on the island, and twenty-eight
687:
549:
157:
25:
890:
Mitrailleuse de 13.2 mm (0.52 in) Mle 1929 machine guns
752:
that transferred aircraft between the flight deck and the upper
536:
and 236 meters (774 ft 3 in) long overall. They had a
1575:
1514:
904:
The 130 mm guns were controlled by a pair of superimposed
881:
Light anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight 48-caliber
1369:: France's Carrier Project of 1938". In Jordan, John (ed.).
1000:
as the bulk of the naval leadership felt completing the two
832:, but the prototype was not completed before the Armistice.
634:(62.0 km/h; 38.6 mph). The carriers retained the
1426:
Roberts, John (1980). "France". In
Chesneau, Roger (ed.).
690:, below the flight deck that were strong enough to lift a
975:, was never laid down because it was supposed to succeed
1017:
battleships was authorized on 1 April 1940 and replaced
892:
in seven quadruple mounts. There were two mounts on the
1477:
All the
Aircraft Carriers of France: From 1912 to Today
1473:
Tous les porte-aéronefs en France: de 1912 à nos jours
858:
pairs. The guns fired a 32.11-kilogram (70.8 lb)
840:
The carriers' primary armament consisted of eight 45-
1169:
Jordan 2010, pp. 64, 70; Jordan & Moulin, p. 147
2119:
2050:
1939:
1902:
1868:
1834:
1778:
1730:
1689:
1641:
1607:
1241:
Campbell, p. 308; Jordan & Moulin, pp. 116, 161
1277:Jordan 2010, pp. 75–76; Jordan & Dumas, p. 180
1428:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
1350:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 26–36.
594:rather than four. The ships were fitted with two
1084:Construction abandoned, June 1940, subsequently
1430:. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 255–279.
544:and 34.5 meters (113 ft 2 in) at the
1323:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1304:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1070:Ateliers et Chantiers de Saint-Nazaire Penhoët
532:-class carriers were 228 meters (748 ft)
59:Ateliers et Chantiers de Saint-Nazaire Penhoët
1587:
1526:
1338:Jordan, John (2003). "The Aircraft Transport
996:demonstrated no sense of urgency in building
540:of 24.6 meters (80 ft 9 in) at the
505:that the 21-knot (39 km/h; 24 mph)
489:had embarked on a building program for 29–32-
8:
991:
936:with 70-millimeter (2.8 in) transverse
823:
791:
702:
630:) and were designed to give a speed of 33.5
572:
484:
478:
471:
465:
428:
370:
845:Canon de 130 mm (5.1 in) Mle 1932
1594:
1580:
1572:
1533:
1519:
1511:
1080:
1068:
1027:
883:Canon de 37 mm (1.5 in) Mle 1935
662:. The ships were designed to carry enough
1602:French naval ship classes of World War II
1388:Jordan, John & Dumas, Robert (2009).
854:positioned fore and aft of the island in
782:Based on their decade of experience with
433:ordered the conversion of the incomplete
16:Planned class of French aircraft carriers
1407:Jordan, John & Moulin, Jean (2013).
786:and frequent exercises with the British
560:and 20,000 t (19,684 long tons) at
407:before all work was cancelled after the
1117:
1447:Directory of the World's Capital Ships
577:based the propulsion machinery of the
20:
1411:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
1392:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
7:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
193:24.6 m (80 ft 9 in) (
1373:. London: Conway. pp. 60–76.
987:, but the order was never placed.
493:(54–59 km/h; 33–37 mph)
185:236 m (774 ft 3 in)
171:20,000 t (19,684 long tons) (
14:
330:: 30–70 mm (1.2–2.8 in)
205:6.6 m (21 ft 8 in)
836:Armament, fire control and armor
73:
24:
2251:Ship classes of the French Navy
254:(62.0 km/h; 38.6 mph)
2236:Joffre-class aircraft carriers
1449:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
1302:Naval Weapons of World War Two
1178:Jordan 2010, pp. 62–63, 67, 76
748:The two hydraulically powered
666:to give them a range of 7,000
1:
1445:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984).
1187:Jordan 2010, pp. 62–63, 66–67
548:. The ships displaced 18,000
1390:French Battleships 1922–1956
707:optimized the design of the
2246:Cancelled aircraft carriers
1365:Jordan, John (2010). "PA16
757:elevators that slowed down
590:, albeit with eight Indret
534:long between perpendiculars
497:to counter possible German
324:: 105 mm (4.1 in)
2267:
2241:Proposed aircraft carriers
1259:Jordan 2010, pp. 65, 70–71
1250:Jordan 2010, pp. 64, 69–70
1214:Jordan 2010, pp. 60, 72–73
1196:Jordan 2010, pp. 63, 66–67
1133:Jordan 2010, pp. 60–61, 76
1104:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
464:The 1928 formation of the
342:: 20 mm (0.8 in)
336:: 20 mm (0.8 in)
304:13.2 mm (0.5 in)
2186:
1551:
1409:French Cruisers 1922–1956
1286:Silverstone, pp. 103, 107
411:. The incomplete hull of
409:Armistice of 22 June 1940
286:130 mm (5.1 in)
135:
38:
23:
2231:Aircraft carrier classes
1545:-class aircraft carriers
1319:Chesneau, Roger (1984).
636:unit system of machinery
470:(Air Ministry) cost the
295:37 mm (1.5 in)
2205:Completed after the war
1300:Campbell, John (1985).
958:less than a year after
642:supplying steam to the
365:consisted of a pair of
136:General characteristics
1205:Jordan 2010, pp. 67–68
1124:Jordan 2003, pp. 26–29
992:
824:
792:
790:during the 1930s, the
703:
581:s on that used in the
573:
485:
479:
472:
466:
429:
371:
1471:Moulin, Jean (2020).
403:in 1938, but was not
2199:Single ship of class
860:armor-piercing shell
650:integrated into the
564:, which gave them a
33:-class fleet carrier
1223:Chesneau, pp. 66–67
1030:
674:Aviation facilities
602:, each driving one
239:2 shafts; 2 geared
2133:minelaying cruiser
1268:Jordan 2010, p. 74
1160:Jordan 2010, p. 64
1029:Construction data
1028:
592:water-tube boilers
467:Ministère de l'Air
217:water-tube boilers
2218:
2217:
2179:(seaplane tender)
1609:Aircraft carriers
1569:
1568:
1486:978-2-37468-035-4
1418:978-1-84832-133-5
1399:978-1-84832-034-5
1380:978-1-84486-110-1
1348:Warship 2002–2003
1340:Commandante Teste
1109:
1108:
1078:26 November 1938
954:The beginning of
876:rounds per minute
848:dual-purpose guns
696:aviation gasoline
415:was subsequently
367:aircraft carriers
356:
355:
99:Succeeded by
2258:
2157:submarine tender
2140:Commandant Teste
1762:La Galissonnière
1596:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1490:
1460:
1441:
1422:
1403:
1384:
1361:
1334:
1315:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1232:Campbell, p. 300
1230:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1031:
995:
993:Marine Nationale
827:
797:
763:
725:
706:
704:Marine Nationale
620:shaft horsepower
576:
574:Marine Nationale
499:commerce raiders
495:fast battleships
488:
486:Marine Nationale
482:
480:Marine Nationale
475:
473:Marine Nationale
469:
458:Commandant Teste
454:seaplane carrier
432:
430:Marine Nationale
394:commerce raiding
374:
372:Marine Nationale
349:Aircraft carried
145:Aircraft carrier
79:
77:
76:
28:
21:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2182:
2145:seaplane tender
2115:
2046:
1935:
1898:
1864:
1830:
1774:
1726:
1685:
1637:
1603:
1600:
1570:
1565:
1547:
1539:
1497:
1487:
1470:
1467:
1465:Further reading
1457:
1444:
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1406:
1400:
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1364:
1358:
1344:Preston, Antony
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1177:
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1159:
1155:
1151:Roberts, p. 261
1150:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1114:
952:
934:armored citadel
864:muzzle velocity
838:
830:Bréguet Bre.693
820:Dewoitine D.750
812:Dewoitine D.520
761:
723:
676:
626:; 121,664
604:propeller shaft
526:
425:
383:. The Navy had
369:ordered by the
210:Installed power
74:
72:
34:
17:
12:
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2103:Amiral Mouchez
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1893:La Combattante
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1732:Light cruisers
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1691:Heavy cruisers
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1495:External links
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1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1135:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
951:
948:
837:
834:
743:crash barriers
728:arresting gear
675:
672:
668:nautical miles
600:steam turbines
525:
522:
503:North Atlantic
424:
421:
354:
353:
350:
346:
345:
344:
343:
337:
331:
325:
322:Waterline belt
317:
313:
312:
311:
310:
302:7 Ă— quadruple
300:
291:
280:
276:
275:
272:
268:
267:
260:
256:
255:
248:
244:
243:
241:steam turbines
237:
233:
232:
231:
230:
219:
211:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
191:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
177:
176:
169:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
100:
96:
95:
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
65:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
40:
39:Class overview
36:
35:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2263:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2164:Le Gladiateur
2161:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:French Flower
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1870:Torpedo boats
1867:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1741:Duguay-Trouin
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1506:3D renderings
1504:
1502:
1501:3D renderings
1499:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1456:0-88254-979-0
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1437:0-8317-0303-2
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1357:0-85177-926-3
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1330:0-87021-902-2
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1311:0-87021-459-4
1307:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1111:
1099:
1098:Paul Painlevé
1094:
1090:
1087:
1075:
1074:Saint-Nazaire
1071:
1066:
1065:Joseph Joffre
1063:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1023:Graf Zeppelin
1020:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
961:
957:
949:
947:
944:
939:
935:
930:
926:
922:
919:
914:
911:
907:
902:
899:
895:
891:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:in four twin-
849:
846:
843:
835:
833:
831:
826:
822:in 1939. The
821:
817:
816:SNCAO CAO.600
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
795:
789:
788:Fleet Air Arm
785:
780:
777:
772:
766:
760:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
729:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
673:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:(89,484
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:
584:
583:light cruiser
580:
575:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:standard load
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
515:
514:
513:Graf Zeppelin
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
481:
474:
468:
462:
460:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:
442:
439:
437:
431:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:One ship was
397:
395:
391:
386:
382:
378:
373:
368:
364:
362:
351:
348:
347:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
305:
301:
299:
296:
292:
290:
287:
283:
282:
281:
278:
277:
273:
270:
269:
265:
261:
258:
257:
253:
249:
246:
245:
242:
238:
235:
234:
228:
225:(89,000
224:
221:120,000
220:
218:
214:
213:
212:
209:
208:
204:
201:
200:
196:
192:
189:
188:
184:
181:
180:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
134:
130:
127:
126:
122:
119:
118:
114:
111:
110:
107:
105:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
89:
86:
85:
82:
71:
68:
67:
64:
63:Saint-Nazaire
60:
57:
54:
53:
49:
46:
43:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2089:Bougainville
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1924:
1917:
1892:
1885:
1879:La Melpomène
1878:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1824:
1818:Le Fantasque
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1768:
1761:
1755:Émile Bertin
1754:
1748:Jeanne d'Arc
1747:
1740:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1631:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1560:
1555:
1542:
1541:
1476:
1472:
1446:
1427:
1408:
1389:
1371:Warship 2010
1370:
1366:
1347:
1339:
1320:
1301:
1294:Bibliography
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1129:
1120:
1092:
1056:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1002:
997:
989:
984:
976:
972:
968:
959:
956:World War II
953:
943:torpedo belt
924:
915:
903:
880:
874:of about 10
872:rate of fire
839:
799:
783:
781:
771:fire curtain
767:
758:
747:
738:
726:s had their
720:
716:
708:
700:
677:
658:side of the
610:(3,432
586:
578:
570:
529:
527:
518:Nazi Germany
512:
506:
463:
457:
449:
444:
435:
426:
412:
398:
385:commissioned
381:World War II
360:
359:
357:
308:machine guns
156:18,000
151:Displacement
103:
91:
47:
30:
18:
2152:Jules Verne
1721:Saint-Louis
1643:Battleships
1008:battleships
910:rangefinder
856:superfiring
852:gun turrets
660:flight deck
644:engine room
640:boiler room
614:; 498
550:metric tons
546:flight deck
524:Description
379:) prior to
377:French Navy
334:Gun turrets
262:7,000
87:Preceded by
81:French Navy
2225:Categories
2193:Lend-Lease
2176:Sans Souci
2068:Ville d'Ys
2006:Redoutable
1941:Submarines
1904:Escorteurs
1845:Bourrasque
1836:Destroyers
1781:destroyers
1112:References
1043:Laid down
921:armor belt
894:forecastle
825:AĂ©ronavale
794:AĂ©ronavale
680:centerline
638:with each
441:battleship
423:Background
390:battleship
271:Complement
236:Propulsion
104:Clemenceau
2211:Cancelled
1971:Argonaute
1811:Vauquelin
1769:De Grasse
1673:Richelieu
1666:Dunkerque
1037:Namesake
1003:Richelieu
964:laid down
938:bulkheads
929:magazines
918:waterline
906:directors
898:automatic
887:Hotchkiss
868:elevation
776:starboard
750:elevators
731:amidships
686:near the
656:starboard
587:De Grasse
562:full load
554:long tons
542:waterline
520:in 1936.
436:Normandie
401:laid down
340:Barbettes
293:4 Ă— twin
284:4 Ă— twin
195:waterline
173:deep load
162:long tons
128:Cancelled
115:1938–1940
69:Operators
2169:netlayer
1859:Le Hardi
1852:L'Adroit
1700:Duquesne
1659:Bretagne
1561:Painlevé
1093:Painlevé
1086:scrapped
1047:Launched
1040:Builder
1019:Painlevé
973:Painlevé
818:and the
804:fighters
735:pitching
692:seaplane
664:fuel oil
552:(17,716
417:scrapped
405:launched
279:Armament
166:standard
160:(17,716
55:Builders
2110:Chamois
2020:Minerve
2013:Surcouf
1886:Le Fier
1825:Mogador
1797:Guépard
1714:Algérie
1707:Suffren
1652:Courbet
1632:Dixmude
1346:(ed.).
1062:Marshal
981:Slipway
923:of the
842:caliber
808:torpedo
654:on the
598:geared
596:Parsons
501:in the
298:AA guns
289:DP guns
120:Planned
2128:Pluton
2082:Scarpe
2061:Arabis
2052:Avisos
2041:Narval
2027:Aurore
1999:Requin
1992:Saphir
1957:Ariane
1950:Sirène
1925:PC-461
1918:Cannon
1790:Chacal
1779:Large
1680:Alsace
1625:Joffre
1556:Joffre
1543:Joffre
1483:
1453:
1434:
1415:
1396:
1377:
1367:Joffre
1354:
1342:". In
1327:
1308:
1057:Joffre
1015:-class
1013:Alsace
1005:-class
998:Joffre
977:Joffre
969:Joffre
960:Joffre
925:Joffre
800:Joffre
754:hangar
721:Joffre
719:, the
709:Joffre
652:island
648:funnel
579:Joffre
530:Joffre
438:-class
413:Joffre
361:Joffre
182:Length
78:
48:Joffre
31:Joffre
2120:Other
2075:Arras
2034:Curie
1985:Diane
1978:Orion
1964:Circé
1931:River
1804:Aigle
1618:BĂ©arn
1475:[
1051:Fate
1034:Name
985:BĂ©arn
950:Ships
862:at a
784:BĂ©arn
762:'
759:BĂ©arn
739:BĂ©arn
724:'
717:BĂ©arn
688:stern
684:crane
632:knots
608:kg/cm
566:draft
556:) at
507:BĂ©arn
450:BĂ©arn
445:BĂ©arn
363:class
316:Armor
274:1,250
259:Range
252:knots
250:33.5
247:Speed
202:Draft
112:Built
106:class
92:BĂ©arn
50:class
2096:Élan
1481:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1105:N/A
1102:N/A
1081:N/A
990:The
962:was
916:The
701:The
571:The
538:beam
528:The
491:knot
427:The
358:The
328:Deck
190:Beam
141:Type
44:Name
979:on
713:bow
616:psi
612:kPa
516:by
306:AA
264:nmi
223:shp
164:) (
2227::
2190:LL
1138:^
1072:,
878:.
698:.
628:PS
624:kW
461:.
419:.
352:40
227:kW
215:8
61:,
2208:X
2202:C
2196:S
2171:)
2167:(
2159:)
2155:(
2147:)
2143:(
2135:)
2131:(
1595:e
1588:t
1581:v
1534:e
1527:t
1520:v
1489:.
1459:.
1440:.
1421:.
1402:.
1383:.
1360:.
1333:.
1314:.
375:(
229:)
197:)
175:)
168:)
158:t
131:2
123:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
