543:. Fenn patented the technology on his own, and sold licensing rights to a company he partly owned – Analytica of Branford. In 1993, a private company seeking to license the use of electrospray technology traced its invention to Yale, when the university discovered that Fenn held the patent. Yale's policy regarding patents generated by faculty or students requires that a percentage of any royalties generated from the patent are used by the university to fund future research. They do not claim the rights to patents that are produced away from university facilities or not related to the researcher's "designated activities." Fenn claimed that he owned the technology because the work was completed after he had been forced to downsize at the university's mandatory retirement age.
419:(PCBs). Fenn and his colleague James Mullen became disenchanted with the direction of work at Monsanto, and they resigned together in 1943. Fenn worked briefly at a small company named Sharples Chemicals that focused on the production of amyl chloride derivatives. In 1945, he joined Mullen at his new startup, Experiment, Inc, focusing on research and development. Fenn's first publication came in 1949 as a result of his work with Mullen. That this publication came ten years after he completed graduate school made Fenn somewhat of a rarity amongst academics.
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434:. During this period, Fenn started his work developing supersonic atomic and molecular beam sources, which are now widely used in chemical physics research. After working with Project SQUID, Fenn returned to Yale University in 1967. He held a joint appointment in the chemistry and engineering departments until 1987, conducting much of his research in Mason Laboratory. In 1987, Fenn had reached Yale's mandatory retirement age. He became a
391:. His undergraduate program in chemistry had required minimal math courses, and he had been excused from these due to high marks in his high school courses. Due to Bent's advice, Fenn added math classes to his schedule. Despite his future success, Fenn always felt that his lack of mathematical skills were a hindrance in his career. After submitting several applications, Fenn received offers for teaching assistantships from
309:. He lost the lawsuit, after it was determined that he misled the university about the potential usefulness of the technology. Yale was awarded $ 500,000 in legal fees and $ 545,000 in damages. The decision pleased the university, but provoked mixed responses from some people affiliated with the institution, who were disappointed with the treatment of a Nobel Prize winner with such a long history at the school.
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539:, which resulted in a reduction to his lab space. Emeritus professors at Yale are still provided with an office, but cannot conduct their own research, nor manage their own labs. In 1989, when Yale University inquired about the progress and potential about his electrospray work, he downplayed its potential scientific and commercial value. Fenn believed he had the rights to the invention under the
490:(PCBs). Fenn and his colleagues at Monsanto were largely unaware of the health hazards posed by PCBs, indeed because of their inertness, they "practically bathed in the stuff". After spending several more years doing various industrial research, Fenn was looking to get back into the academic world. He had the opportunity to go to Princeton University, where he became the director of Project SQUID.
601:, which made the analysis of large molecules by mass spectrometry feasible. Fenn's Nobel lecture after being presented with the award was entitled "Electrospray Wings for Molecular Elephants." He was surprised by his selection as a Nobel winner, saying "It's like winning the lottery, I'm still in shock." At the time of his award, Fenn was working at Virginia Commonwealth University.
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professor. VCU established an engineering department in the late 1990s, and Fenn held a joint professorship between the two departments until his death. Even in his 80s, Fenn enjoyed the opportunity to be in the lab doing research, saying, "I like to mingle and exchange with the young people. It gets
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ruled against Fenn, awarding Yale $ 545,000 in royalties and $ 500,000 in legal fees. Judge Droney was critical of Fenn, saying "Dr. Fenn only obtained the patent through fraud, civil theft, and breach of fiduciary duty." Evidence presented in the case indicated that Fenn had served on panels at
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Yale
University entered into its own licensing agreement with a private company, leading Fenn to file a lawsuit against the school in 1996. Yale countersued, requesting damages and reassignment of the patent. The two parties did not reach an out of court settlement, despite repeated attempts at
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emerged. In 2001, more than 1700 papers on proteomics were published, many using electrospray ionization. Electrospray ionization provides a way to get accurate information about the mass of a large molecule very quickly, even when it is in a mixture of other molecules. The liquid sample is
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on
December 10, 2010, at the age of 93, exactly 8 years to the day after receiving his Nobel Prize. Fenn was survived by Frederica, his three children, seven grandchildren, and eleven great-grandchildren: Anika Fenn Gilman, Nora Fenn Gilman, Dominick Brown, Aaron Holloway, Michelle Holloway,
613:, leading him to be named an honorary president of the Sixth International Symposium on Molecular Beams in 1977, and the first fellow of the International Molecular Beam Symposium in 1985. In 1982, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation presented him with their U.S. Senior Scientist Award.
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A spokesperson for Yale said, "We are pleased by the result in this case and, in particular, by the court's vindication of the Yale patent policy." The ruling, and Yale's response produced a mixed reaction from some of Fenn's colleagues and former students, who wrote a letter to the
360:, agreed to help the family. Fenn completed his education at Berea College and Allied Schools, formally finishing his high school education at the age of 15, but he took extra classes for another year rather than start college at such a young age. He earned his
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gas. This forms small droplets which evaporate in a region under vacuum, which increases the charge on the droplets. For large molecules like proteins, this often results in multiply charge species. Increasing the charge on the molecules, decreased the
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was briefly stored at one of the company's hangars. Fenn recalled sitting in the cockpit as a ten-year-old, pretending to pilot the famous plane. When his family's fortunes took a turn for the worse with the advent of the
Depression, they moved to
523:. The Chemical Heritage Foundation Museum in Philadelphia, PA has the instrument Fenn and his graduate students built while they were developing electrospray ionization on display, after receiving it as a gift from Fenn.
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Despite getting a late start in publishing his research (he did not publish a paper until 10 years after finishing graduate school), Fenn had over 100 publications at the time of his death. He also wrote a book, entitled
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589:"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules." Fenn and Tanaka split half of the award for their work in developing ionization techniques for using
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presented him with their Award for
Distinguished Contributions in Mass Spectrometry. The International Society of Mass Spectrometry honored him with the Thomson Medal in 2000, and in the same year the
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stating, "'Vindicating the Yale patent policy' is a poor excuse for treating a Nobel
Laureate with a 68-year association with and dedicated service to the University, in such a contemptible manner."
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Fenn received his Nobel Prize fairly late in his career. Prior to being honored by the Nobel
Foundation, Fenn had received numerous other awards. Early in his career, Fenn's research was focused on
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and former employer, Yale
University. His initial dispute with the university began in 1987, when he turned 70 – Yale's mandatory retirement age. Per university policy, Fenn was made an
263:, now a commonly used technique for large molecules and routine liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Early in his career, Fenn did research in the field of jet propulsion at
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Fenn married
Margaret Wilson at the end of his second year of graduate studies. Together, they had three children – two daughters and a son. Margaret was killed in a car accident in
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Fenn did not start his Nobel-winning research until later in his career. He was semi-retired when he first published his research on
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The instrument Fenn and his colleagues used to develop ESI is on display at the
Science History Institute Museum in Philadelphia, PA
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Award for outstanding contributions to
Biomolecular Technologies in 2002. In 2003, Fenn was honored by his alma mater with the
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399:, and accepted the position at Yale. Fenn did his graduate studies in physical chemistry under Gosta Akerlof. He obtained his
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techniques to analyze similar molecules in solution. Fenn was honored largely for his contributions to the development of
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Dudley R. Herschbach and Charles E. Kolb, "John B. Fenn", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2014)
438:, entitling him to office space at the university, but costing him most of his laboratory space and research assistants.
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Interview where John Fenn discusses the history of the development of the Electrospray Ionization method
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Fenn's work in mass spectrometry earned him another spate of awards later in his career. In 1992, the
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introduced into an electrospray source (at atmospheric pressure) and desolvated with a flow of heated
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Damarion Holloway, Tyrell Holloway, Eloise Whittington, JC Leslie, Manon Leslie, and Dino Steinberg.
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387:, he was advised to take additional mathematics courses by Henry Bent, then a chemistry professor at
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2014:
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in chemistry from Yale in 1940 and his thesis was 45 pages long, with only three pages of prose.
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Fenn's work with electrospray ionization was at the center of a lawsuit pitting him against his
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and the Alexander von Humboldt Association of America. In 2000, Fenn was made a fellow of the
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presented him with the Award for Advancements in Chemical Instrumentation. He was awarded the
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Fenn's research into electrospray ionization found him at the center of a legal dispute with
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501:. Fenn felt that his work in electrospray ionization received "a kick in the pants" when
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After a dispute with Yale over his forced retirement and the rights to his invention of
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to analyze large biological molecules. WĂĽthrich was honored for his work in developing
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studies. Fenn finished his career with more than 100 publications, including one book.
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701:"John Fenn (1917–2010) Chemist who enabled mass spectrometry to weigh up biology"
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in 1992. Fenn remarried, his second wife was named Frederica Mullen. He died in
430:, a program to support research related to jet propulsion that was funded by the
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from Berea College in his new hometown, with the assistance of summer classes in
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1216:"Chemistry Nobel Prize winner's departure from Yale deserves more clarification"
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Fenn maintained numerous professional affiliations, including membership in the
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and at private research labs before moving to academic posts including Yale and
239:(June 15, 1917 – December 10, 2010) was an American professor of
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1150:. School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
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213:
1408:
Click on 'Fenn Papers Finding Aid 2014' for finding aid to archive.
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Click on 'Fenn Papers Finding Aid 2014' for finding aid to archive.
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700:
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259:. Fenn's contributions specifically related to the development of
220:
The thermodynamics of hydrochloric acid in methanol-water mixtures
793:"RESEARCH IN RETROSPECT:Some Biograffiti of a Journeyman Chemist"
1119:"For Nobelist educated at Yale, "It's like winning the lottery""
3440:
3141:
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1468:
632:, the Yale Graduate School Alumni Association's highest honor.
400:
291:
119:
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After completing graduate school, Fenn's first job was with
552:
Yale University that reviewed the institution's policy on
482:, the company's research was focused on the production of
3705:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
3760:
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science faculty
1439:
Annual Reviews Conversations Interview with John B. Fenn
515:, which allows the mass to be more easily determined.
1175:
Engines, Energy, and Entropy: A Thermodynamics Primer
521:
Engines, Energy, and Entropy: A Thermodynamics Primer
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1965:
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333:at the Fokker Aircraft Company. During this time,
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102:
79:
53:
34:
1403:Papers of John B. Fenn, 1948–2010 (bulk 1970–1990)
1321:"Press Release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002"
742:Papers of John B. Fenn, 1948–2010 (bulk 1970–1990)
415:, working in the Phosphate Division and producing
626:Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities
3452:
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1453:including the Nobel Lecture December 8, 2002
649:American Association of University Professors
8:
1288:"Yale's patent lawsuit was terrible mistake"
1113:
1111:
1109:
247:in 2002. Fenn shared half of the award with
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1191:. Science History Institute. May 31, 2016.
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255:. The other half of the 2002 award went to
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1455:Electrospray Wings for Molecular Elephants
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1323:. The Nobel Foundation. October 9, 2002.
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
716:
547:mediation. In 2005, U.S. District Judge
3740:Virginia Commonwealth University faculty
904:"Chemist with Kentucky roots wins Nobel"
1214:Tamarkin, Frank J. (October 21, 2002).
1177:(2nd ed.). Global View Publishing.
688:
457:'s (VCU) department of chemistry as an
1422:
1412:
1327:from the original on December 14, 2010
1258:"Former prof loses ruling over patent"
1142:
1140:
1084:"Nobel winner Fenn still going strong"
1082:Lotstein, Joshua (December 21, 2002).
1041:
1039:
1037:
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1016:. Yale Alumni Magazine. Archived from
884:from the original on December 21, 2010
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
773:
763:
641:American Society for Mass Spectrometry
618:American Society for Mass Spectrometry
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
653:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
286:. Fenn did his undergraduate work at
7:
1256:Poppick, Susie (February 14, 2005).
1154:from the original on October 9, 2011
980:from the original on August 14, 2011
294:from Yale. He worked in industry at
1372:Arnaud, Celia (December 13, 2010).
1195:from the original on March 28, 2018
1046:Wynne, Kenneth J. (April 2, 2011).
1014:"Nobelist loses to Yale in lawsuit"
920:from the original on April 17, 2019
797:Annual Review of Physical Chemistry
749:from the original on March 29, 2019
3725:People from Hackensack, New Jersey
1060:from the original on April 7, 2019
655:and in 2003 he was elected to the
407:Research career and academic posts
25:
1353:from the original on June 4, 2011
1717:
935:
462:me out from underfoot at home."
455:Virginia Commonwealth University
300:Virginia Commonwealth University
207:Virginia Commonwealth University
1378:Chemical & Engineering News
1294:. March 2, 2005. Archived from
1121:. Yale Medicine. Archived from
916:. October 10, 2002. p. 4.
817:10.1146/annurev.physchem.47.1.1
243:who was awarded a share of the
3720:21st-century American chemists
878:"John B. Fenn – Autobiography"
791:Fenn, John B. (October 1996).
325:. In the years preceding the
1:
3735:Scientists from New York City
3710:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
3261:Boris Aleksandrovich Mamyrin
1347:"John B. Fenn Nobel Lecture"
657:National Academy of Sciences
478:While Fenn was working with
356:, who was on the faculty of
27:American chemistry professor
3730:People from Berea, Kentucky
970:"In Memoriam: John B. Fenn"
282:with his family during the
3781:
3690:American physical chemists
595:nuclear magnetic resonance
383:When Fenn was considering
3590:Catherine Clarke Fenselau
3475:
3176:
3065:
1715:
1148:"Electrospray Ionization"
637:American Chemical Society
622:American Chemical Society
488:polychlorinated biphenyls
417:polychlorinated biphenyls
230:
177:
41:
3715:Thomson Medal recipients
3695:American Nobel laureates
2641:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
1920:Wendell Meredith Stanley
1500:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1349:. The Nobel Foundation.
912:. Louisville, Kentucky.
880:. The Nobel Foundation.
579:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
432:Office of Naval Research
313:Early life and education
245:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
162:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
3755:Yale University faculty
3628:Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
3267:George C. Stafford, Jr.
599:electrospray ionization
495:electrospray ionization
443:electrospray ionization
422:In 1952, Fenn moved to
340:The Spirit of St. Louis
261:electrospray ionization
131:Electrospray ionization
3071:Nobel Prize recipients
3011:Physiology or Medicine
3002:(Italy, United States)
2805:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2793:M. Stanley Whittingham
1764:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
1374:"John Fenn Dies At 93"
1173:Fenn, John B. (2003).
475:
323:Hackensack, New Jersey
3586:Catherine E. Costello
3375:Catherine E. Costello
3345:Catherine C. Fenselau
2175:Christian B. Anfinsen
1815:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1298:on September 25, 2012
1226:on September 25, 2012
1094:on September 25, 2012
976:. December 15, 2010.
577:Fenn shared the 2002
554:intellectual property
473:
3765:Berea College alumni
3700:Mass spectrometrists
3664:Jennifer S. Brodbelt
3510:Nico M. M. Nibbering
3181:Ronald D. Macfarlane
2837:Karl Barry Sharpless
2334:Dudley R. Herschbach
2159:Luis Federico Leloir
1012:Moran, Kate (2005).
513:mass-to-charge ratio
459:analytical chemistry
424:Princeton University
241:analytical chemistry
199:Princeton University
3558:Richard M. Caprioli
3469:Thomson Medal Award
3407:Peter B. Armentrout
3357:Richard M. Caprioli
2829:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
2741:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
2478:Jens Christian Skou
2446:F. Sherwood Rowland
2358:Charles J. Pedersen
2322:Herbert A. Hauptman
2015:Vincent du Vigneaud
1632:Richard Willstätter
1516:Jacobus van 't Hoff
1020:on December 2, 2010
974:Yale Daily Bulletin
909:The Courier-Journal
809:1996ARPC...47....1F
352:, because his aunt
290:, and received his
3467:Recipients of the
3311:Jesse L. Beauchamp
3299:James A. McCloskey
3170:John B. Fenn Award
3168:Recipients of the
2789:John B. Goodenough
2717:William E. Moerner
2597:Richard R. Schrock
2569:Roderick MacKinnon
2541:K. Barry Sharpless
2366:Johann Deisenhofer
2195:Geoffrey Wilkinson
2191:Ernst Otto Fischer
2115:Robert S. Mulliken
2051:Jaroslav HeyrovskĂ˝
1999:Hermann Staudinger
1819:Irène Joliot-Curie
1447:on Nobelprize.org
1268:on August 21, 2011
697:Robinson, Carol V.
630:Wilbur Cross Medal
549:Christopher Droney
537:emeritus professor
476:
466:Research interests
436:professor emeritus
389:Harvard University
374:physical chemistry
370:University of Iowa
251:for their work in
169:Wilbur Cross Medal
3677:
3676:
3638:Albert J. R. Heck
3624:Scott A. McLuckey
3614:Carol V. Robinson
3608:František Tureček
3604:Alexander Makarov
3544:John Bennett Fenn
3530:Michael T. Bowers
3496:Alfred O. C. Nier
3488:Keith R. Jennings
3434:
3433:
3425:Jennifer Brodbelt
3419:Carol V. Robinson
3385:Martin F. Jarrold
3369:Scott A. McLuckey
3317:Alexander Makarov
3293:Michael T. Bowers
3215:Keith R. Jennings
3135:
3134:
3042:Economic Sciences
3025:H. Robert Horvitz
3000:Riccardo Giacconi
2994:Masatoshi Koshiba
2988:Raymond Davis Jr.
2914:John Bennett Fenn
2862:
2861:
2845:Moungi G. Bawendi
2765:Richard Henderson
2609:Roger D. Kornberg
2577:Aaron Ciechanover
2410:Rudolph A. Marcus
2314:Robert Merrifield
2250:Peter D. Mitchell
2023:Cyril Hinshelwood
1784:Friedrich Bergius
1708:Richard Zsigmondy
1624:Theodore Richards
1572:Ernest Rutherford
591:mass spectrometry
568:Awards and honors
499:mass spectrometry
366:organic chemistry
362:bachelor's degree
335:Charles Lindbergh
321:, and grew up in
317:Fenn was born in
274:Fenn was born in
267:, and focused on
253:mass spectrometry
237:John Bennett Fenn
234:
233:
179:Scientific career
83:December 10, 2010
58:John Bennett Fenn
18:John Bennett Fenn
16:(Redirected from
3772:
3594:Peter Roepstorff
3576:Michael L. Gross
3562:Franz Hillenkamp
3552:Alan G. Marshall
3461:
3454:
3447:
3438:
3413:Evan R. Williams
3401:Michael L. Gross
3389:David E. Clemmer
3351:Richard D. Smith
3339:Robert J. Cotter
3333:Marvin L. Vestal
3327:Vicki H. Wysocki
3323:Simon J. Gaskell
3255:Alan G. Marshall
3251:Melvin Comisarow
3245:Don C. McGilvery
3231:Franz Hillenkamp
3199:Christie G. Enke
3162:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3073:
3033:(United Kingdom)
3021:(United Kingdom)
2889:
2882:
2875:
2866:
2855:
2853:Alexei I. Ekimov
2839:
2833:Morten P. Meldal
2823:
2811:
2799:
2783:
2767:
2757:Jacques Dubochet
2751:
2735:
2719:
2703:
2687:
2681:Robert Lefkowitz
2675:
2667:
2651:
2645:Thomas A. Steitz
2635:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2593:Robert H. Grubbs
2587:
2571:
2559:
2543:
2516:
2514:Hideki Shirakawa
2500:
2492:
2480:
2464:
2448:
2432:
2424:
2412:
2404:
2402:Richard R. Ernst
2396:
2388:
2376:
2360:
2344:
2328:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2280:
2278:Frederick Sanger
2264:
2258:Herbert C. Brown
2252:
2244:
2236:
2234:William Lipscomb
2217:
2205:
2197:
2185:
2169:
2167:Gerhard Herzberg
2161:
2153:
2141:
2133:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2043:Frederick Sanger
2037:
2029:
2027:Nikolay Semyonov
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1981:
1979:Glenn T. Seaborg
1958:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1906:
1904:Artturi Virtanen
1898:
1890:
1888:George de Hevesy
1882:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1849:
1841:
1829:
1821:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1786:
1774:
1766:
1754:
1746:
1744:Heinrich Wieland
1738:
1736:Theodor Svedberg
1721:
1720:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1548:Adolf von Baeyer
1542:
1534:
1532:Svante Arrhenius
1526:
1518:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1466:
1452:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1264:. Archived from
1253:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1222:. Archived from
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1125:on July 20, 2011
1115:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1090:. Archived from
1079:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1009:
990:
989:
987:
985:
966:
941:
940:
939:
933:
927:
925:
914:Associated Press
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
874:
837:
836:
788:
782:
781:
775:
771:
769:
761:
756:
754:
737:
731:
730:
720:
693:
445:, Fenn moved to
327:Great Depression
284:Great Depression
226:
173:
166:
159:
152:
145:
86:
67:
65:
46:
32:
21:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3644:Alison Ashcroft
3600:Ruedi Aebersold
3538:John F. J. Todd
3506:Hisashi Matsuda
3492:Fred McLafferty
3484:R. Graham Cooks
3471:
3465:
3435:
3430:
3381:Gert von Helden
3305:R. Graham Cooks
3287:Fred McLafferty
3172:
3166:
3136:
3131:
3069:
3061:
3058:(United States)
3056:Vernon L. Smith
3050:Daniel Kahneman
3036:
3031:John E. Sulston
3027:(United States)
3005:
2990:(United States)
2974:
2971:(United States)
2955:
2931:
2916:(United States)
2900:
2893:
2863:
2858:
2842:
2826:
2817:David MacMillan
2814:
2809:Jennifer Doudna
2802:
2786:
2770:
2754:
2745:Fraser Stoddart
2738:
2729:Paul L. Modrich
2722:
2706:
2690:
2678:
2670:
2665:Ei-ichi Negishi
2657:Richard F. Heck
2654:
2638:
2625:Osamu Shimomura
2622:
2614:
2606:
2590:
2574:
2562:
2546:
2533:William Knowles
2530:
2519:
2510:Alan MacDiarmid
2503:
2495:
2483:
2467:
2462:Richard Smalley
2451:
2438:Paul J. Crutzen
2435:
2427:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2379:
2363:
2354:Jean-Marie Lehn
2347:
2331:
2319:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2283:
2267:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2220:
2215:Vladimir Prelog
2208:
2200:
2188:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2144:
2136:
2120:
2112:
2107:Robert Woodward
2104:
2099:Dorothy Hodgkin
2096:
2084:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1961:
1949:
1944:William Giauque
1941:
1933:
1928:Robert Robinson
1925:
1912:James B. Sumner
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1859:Leopold RuĹľiÄŤka
1855:Adolf Butenandt
1852:
1844:
1832:
1824:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1792:Irving Langmuir
1789:
1777:
1769:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1677:Frederick Soddy
1674:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1604:Victor Grignard
1601:
1593:
1585:
1580:Wilhelm Ostwald
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1502:
1493:
1421:
1411:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1292:Yale Daily News
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1262:Yale Daily News
1255:
1254:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1220:Yale Daily News
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1088:Yale Daily News
1081:
1080:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1045:
1044:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1011:
1010:
993:
983:
981:
968:
967:
944:
934:
923:
921:
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
876:
875:
840:
790:
789:
785:
772:
762:
752:
750:
739:
738:
734:
718:10.1038/469300a
695:
694:
690:
686:
665:
611:molecular beams
607:
575:
570:
562:Yale Daily News
529:
484:phosphoric acid
468:
426:as Director of
409:
385:graduate school
315:
307:Yale University
278:, and moved to
224:
205:
203:Yale University
201:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
116:Yale University
114:
103:Alma mater
98:
88:
84:
75:
69:
63:
61:
60:
59:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3778:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3682:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3661:
3651:
3641:
3631:
3621:
3611:
3597:
3583:
3569:
3566:Victor Talrose
3555:
3548:Donald F. Hunt
3541:
3534:David E. Games
3527:
3524:Helmut Schwarz
3513:
3499:
3480:John H. Beynon
3476:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3441:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3395:John Yates III
3392:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3363:Brian T. Chait
3360:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3281:Colin Watanabe
3273:William Henzel
3270:
3264:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3225:Burnaby Munson
3221:Frank H. Field
3218:
3212:
3209:Donald F. Hunt
3206:
3196:
3190:
3187:Michael Barber
3184:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3019:Sydney Brenner
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2944:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2840:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2784:
2777:Gregory Winter
2773:Frances Arnold
2768:
2752:
2736:
2720:
2704:
2697:Michael Levitt
2693:Martin Karplus
2688:
2676:
2668:
2652:
2636:
2633:Roger Y. Tsien
2629:Martin Chalfie
2620:
2612:
2604:
2588:
2572:
2560:
2544:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2506:Alan J. Heeger
2501:
2493:
2481:
2474:John E. Walker
2465:
2449:
2433:
2425:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2377:
2374:Hartmut Michel
2361:
2350:Donald J. Cram
2345:
2329:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2290:Roald Hoffmann
2281:
2274:Walter Gilbert
2265:
2253:
2245:
2242:Ilya Prigogine
2237:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2211:John Cornforth
2206:
2198:
2186:
2179:Stanford Moore
2170:
2162:
2154:
2142:
2134:
2127:Ronald Norrish
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2035:Alexander Todd
2030:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1982:
1975:Edwin McMillan
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1850:
1842:
1835:Norman Haworth
1830:
1822:
1810:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1775:
1767:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1669:Walther Nernst
1664:
1657:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1564:Eduard Buchner
1559:
1551:
1543:
1540:William Ramsay
1535:
1527:
1519:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1423:|website=
1396:
1395:External links
1393:
1391:
1390:
1364:
1338:
1309:
1279:
1237:
1206:
1180:
1165:
1136:
1105:
1071:
1031:
991:
942:
930:Newspapers.com
895:
838:
783:
774:|website=
732:
687:
685:
682:
664:
661:
606:
603:
574:
571:
569:
566:
528:
525:
467:
464:
408:
405:
314:
311:
269:molecular beam
232:
231:
228:
227:
216:
210:
209:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
175:
174:
141:Humboldt Prize
138:
134:
133:
128:
127:Known for
124:
123:
104:
100:
99:
89:
87:(aged 93)
81:
77:
76:
70:
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3777:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3654:Vicki Wysocki
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3634:John R. Yates
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3618:Renato Zenobi
3615:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3580:Michael Karas
3577:
3573:
3572:John H. Bowie
3570:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3520:Carl Djerassi
3517:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3502:Klaus Biemann
3500:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3241:David A. Dahl
3239:
3236:
3235:Michael Karas
3232:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2928:(Switzerland)
2927:
2926:Kurt WĂĽthrich
2924:
2921:
2920:Koichi Tanaka
2918:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2854:
2850:
2849:Louis E. Brus
2846:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2821:Benjamin List
2818:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2797:Akira Yoshino
2794:
2790:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2761:Joachim Frank
2758:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2725:Tomas Lindahl
2721:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2701:Arieh Warshel
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68:June 15, 1917
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3668:Richard Yost
3516:Curt Brunnée
3203:Richard Yost
3193:John B. Fenn
3101:
2969:Jimmy Carter
2950:Imre Kertész
2913:
2781:George Smith
2661:Akira Suzuki
2617:Gerhard Ertl
2601:Yves Chauvin
2549:John B. Fenn
2548:
2537:Ryoji Noyori
2524:2001–present
2498:Ahmed Zewail
2458:Harold Kroto
2442:Mario Molina
2370:Robert Huber
2342:John Polanyi
2326:Jerome Karle
2262:Georg Wittig
2147:Derek Barton
2139:Lars Onsager
2091:Giulio Natta
2087:Karl Ziegler
2079:John Kendrew
1847:Richard Kuhn
1772:Hans Fischer
1588:Otto Wallach
1524:Emil Fischer
1454:
1445:John B. Fenn
1407:
1402:
1381:. Retrieved
1377:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1300:. Retrieved
1296:the original
1291:
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1261:
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1224:the original
1219:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1183:
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1127:. Retrieved
1123:the original
1096:. Retrieved
1092:the original
1087:
1064:December 14,
1062:. Retrieved
1053:The Guardian
1051:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:the original
982:. Retrieved
973:
928:– via
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907:
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195:Institutions
178:
85:(2010-12-10)
48:Fenn in 2005
36:John B. Fenn
29:
3750:2010 deaths
3745:1917 births
3277:John Stults
2897:Nobel Prize
2749:Ben Feringa
2733:Aziz Sancar
2713:Stefan Hell
2709:Eric Betzig
2486:Walter Kohn
2454:Robert Curl
2430:George Olah
2418:Kary Mullis
2394:Elias Corey
2386:Thomas Cech
2338:Yuan T. Lee
2306:Henry Taube
1839:Paul Karrer
1827:Peter Debye
1807:Harold Urey
1693:Fritz Pregl
1654:Fritz Haber
1596:Marie Curie
1048:"John Fenn"
803:(1): 1–41.
669:New Zealand
573:Nobel Prize
3684:Categories
3658:Lidia Gall
3648:Ron Heeren
2937:Literature
2585:Irwin Rose
2565:Peter Agre
2490:John Pople
2298:Aaron Klug
2203:Paul Flory
2151:Odd Hassel
2075:Max Perutz
1956:Kurt Alder
1952:Otto Diels
1780:Carl Bosch
684:References
533:alma mater
503:proteomics
155:ABRF Award
64:1917-06-15
2952:(Hungary)
2906:Chemistry
2899:laureates
2270:Paul Berg
2225:1976–2000
1966:1951–1975
1896:Otto Hahn
1727:1926–1950
1507:1901–1925
1496:Laureates
1425:ignored (
1415:cite book
1302:August 1,
1199:March 23,
1189:"Objects"
924:March 12,
825:0066-426X
776:ignored (
766:cite book
753:March 23,
645:Sigma Chi
337:'s plane
331:draftsman
189:Chemistry
3052:(Israel)
1383:April 2,
1357:April 5,
1351:Archived
1331:April 2,
1325:Archived
1272:April 6,
1230:April 6,
1193:Archived
1158:April 5,
1152:Archived
1129:April 5,
1098:April 6,
1058:Archived
1024:April 6,
984:April 5,
978:Archived
918:Archived
888:April 2,
882:Archived
833:18290758
747:Archived
727:21248828
699:(2011).
677:Virginia
673:Richmond
508:nitrogen
480:Monsanto
453:to join
451:Virginia
447:Richmond
413:Monsanto
350:Kentucky
296:Monsanto
280:Kentucky
95:Virginia
91:Richmond
2996:(Japan)
2980:Physics
2922:(Japan)
1498:of the
1441:(video)
805:Bibcode
527:Lawsuit
368:at the
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2803:2020:
2787:2019:
2771:2018:
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705:Nature
647:, the
639:, the
378:Purdue
372:, and
225:(1940)
223:
214:Thesis
185:Fields
172:(2003)
165:(2002)
158:(2002)
151:(2000)
144:(1982)
137:Awards
97:, U.S.
74:, U.S.
3102:2002
2961:Peace
2895:2002
581:with
346:Berea
3127:2007
3122:2006
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1427:help
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1201:2018
1160:2011
1131:2011
1100:2011
1066:2016
1026:2011
986:2011
926:2018
890:2011
829:PMID
821:ISSN
778:help
755:2018
723:PMID
585:and
497:for
486:and
395:and
393:Yale
80:Died
54:Born
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