238:
29:
230:
209:
201:, and to intimidate and marginalize black Charlestonians. According to Mamie Garvin Fields, born in 1888, she later stated, "I believe white people were talking to us about Jim Crow through that statue." Several other black Charlestonians felt that the statue was a threatening message to them: that even though Calhoun was dead, his spirit still lingered in the streets Charleston, South Carolina.
185:
The monument was finally built 27 years later, in April 1887. Parades and celebrations were hosted across the city, and the LCMA helped unveil the statue to those in attendance. The LCMA described the unveiling ceremony's attendance as "crowded to boarders with such an assemblage as is rarely seen
216:
This led the LCMA to pursue the installation of a new, taller version of the monument to protect it from further vandalism. The new version of the statue was dedicated by the LCMA on June 27, 1896 with little fanfare. According the LCMA, the statue cost nearly $ 20,000 (roughly $ 500,000 in 2020
264:
or individuals who supported slavery. Many such statues were defaced or protested, including the
Calhoun monument. On June 23, 2020, the statue was taken down after a unanimous vote by the Charleston City Council. The current location of the John C. Calhoun bust is undisclosed. Some groups have
181:
Soon after John C. Calhoun's death in 1850, the Ladies' Calhoun
Monument Association (LCMA) was formed "to aid in the erection, in or near the City of Charleston, of a monument sacred to the memory of John C. Calhoun." However, the campaign initially struggled with fundraising, facing issues
190:
217:
dollars). The individual who completed the 1896 monument was an Irish-born contractor, Daniel A. J. Sullivan, who is listed as a carpenter by trade and eventually became a prominent builder in
Charleston after the American Civil War. Sullivan was noticeably active in the local
2170:
616:
253:. In 2017, a committee was formed to consider how citizens could interpret the statue. The committee was tasked to create a plaque putting the state in greater historical context. The verbiage of the plaque was never agreed upon, and the committee was disbanded.
2052:
609:
602:
642:
625:
278:
469:
536:
1555:
2150:
666:
494:
321:
760:
1696:
182:
including embezzlement and lack of preparedness. The association held several donor meetings and depended heavily on wealthy
Charlestonian philanthropists to reach the appropriate amount.
1082:
906:
883:
860:
771:
1674:
1424:
1323:
894:
1233:
871:
529:
951:
918:
1346:
1003:
799:
1900:
1551:
1480:
1312:
1301:
2195:
2160:
1435:
1402:
1163:
837:
681:
1525:
522:
2165:
1413:
545:
1104:
1622:
814:
2175:
1904:
1733:
1644:
2180:
1610:
999:
1916:
1878:
826:
822:
1889:
1255:
250:
794:
782:
1811:
1800:
818:
2007:
93:
444:
1200:
1357:
727:
2042:
2028:
2018:
1512:
1856:
1788:
1583:
560:
163:
2185:
1060:
1015:
955:
418:
1932:
1770:
940:
2190:
1993:
1499:
715:
218:
1920:
1614:
738:
245:
Over time, the statue became controversial for
Calhoun's staunchly pro-slavery views, especially in the aftermath of the 2015
1596:
1167:
582:
394:
269:
declined the city's request. As of
October 2020, the statue has still not been claimed by any museum or historical society.
304:
261:
151:
1960:
1867:
1815:
1577:
1488:
1189:
1027:
356:"Looking the Thing in the Face: Slavery, Race, and the Commemorative Landscape in Charleston, South Carolina, 1865–2010"
167:
85:
1729:
1652:
1049:
260:
in the summer of 2020, there were calls across the United States to remove monuments and statues connected with the
186:
anywhere." Soon after the unveiling, prayers and joys were shouted for protection over the newly erected monument.
2088:
1912:
1484:
1469:
1115:
594:
576:
246:
135:
76:
2111:
1820:
1618:
1606:
1390:
1368:
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159:
2155:
2103:
2077:
2066:
1928:
1924:
1757:
693:
670:
566:
257:
205:
and women of
Charleston began to damage the statue in protest; soon the statue barely resembled Calhoun.
1648:
1601:
1529:
1141:
803:
629:
2107:
1776:
1278:
977:
2099:
1844:
1119:
470:"Charleston committee to consider new Calhoun statue plaque: 'relic of the crime against humanity'"
375:
189:
173:
The monument had long been surrounded by controversy, and was ultimately removed in June 2020.
1908:
367:
266:
237:
131:
1954:
198:
514:
197:
Many historians have argued that the purpose of the statue was to venerate slavery and the
28:
155:
50:
1457:
139:
229:
2171:
Monuments and memorials in the United States removed during the George Floyd protests
2144:
147:
143:
495:"John C. Calhoun statue taken down from its perch above Charleston's Marion Square"
322:"Charleston's Calhoun monument: How a little-known 1850s relative stole its funds"
208:
371:
212:
Group of
African American women in front of the 1887 John C. Calhoun Monument
108:
95:
445:"Two groups gather around John C. Calhoun statue to debate fate of monument"
202:
419:"Charleston's deposed Calhoun monument and the erasure of Black workers"
379:
355:
279:
List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests
236:
228:
207:
188:
265:
called for the statue to be placed inside a museum. However, the
1981:
640:
598:
518:
146:. The monument was 115 feet tall, and stood at the center of
395:"Looking back at controversial history of Calhoun monument"
1556:
Christopher
Columbus (Columbus State Community College)
2151:
Buildings and structures in
Charleston, South Carolina
306:
A History of the Calhoun Monument at Charleston, S. C.
166:
from 1825 to 1832 and who was an adamant supporter of
158:, a prominent American statesman and politician from
233:
Base of the John C. Calhoun Monument, summer of 2020
2051:
2027:
1992:
1941:
1830:
1743:
1716:
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1564:
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1377:
1333:
1288:
1264:
1242:
1209:
1176:
1150:
1128:
1091:
1069:
1036:
986:
964:
927:
847:
747:
702:
653:
552:
83:
72:
64:
56:
46:
38:
21:
1004:Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
610:
530:
303:Ladies' Calhoun Monument Association (1888).
8:
221:and later served in the state legislature.
1989:
1978:
650:
637:
617:
603:
595:
537:
523:
515:
251:Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church
27:
18:
2196:Vandalized works of art in South Carolina
2161:Monuments and memorials in South Carolina
1083:Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument
667:Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument
546:Public art in Charleston, South Carolina
354:Roberts, Blain; Kytle, Ethan J. (2012).
2166:Monumental columns in the United States
1481:North Carolina Women of the Confederacy
795:Columbus' Last Appeal to Queen Isabella
290:
468:Darlington, Abigail (November 2017).
7:
2176:Outdoor sculptures in South Carolina
298:
296:
294:
241:Removal of the monument, June 2020
2181:Sculptures of men in South Carolina
561:Confederate Defenders of Charleston
164:Vice President of the United States
1061:DeKalb County Confederate Monument
1016:Putnam County Confederate Memorial
14:
941:Delaware Law Enforcement Memorial
1552:Christopher Columbus (City Hall)
1500:Nash County Confederate Monument
626:Monuments and memorials removed
493:Hobbs, Stephen (23 June 2020).
360:The Journal of Southern History
320:Smith, Fleming (22 June 2020).
1597:Captain William Clark Monument
583:The Defenders of Fort Moultrie
1:
193:1887 John C. Calhoun Monument
1789:Confederate Soldier Monument
1028:Gadsden Confederate Memorial
682:Confederate Soldier Memorial
443:Ellis, Rachel (2020-06-22).
393:Brown, Angela (2020-06-23).
309:Lucas, Richardson, printers.
60:35 m (115 ft)
2212:
2089:Dunham Massey Hall sundial
2043:John Fane Charles Hamilton
577:Statue of William Moultrie
77:Charleston, South Carolina
2186:Statues in South Carolina
2128:
1988:
1977:
1821:Spirit of the Confederacy
728:Company A, Capitol Guards
649:
636:
160:Abbeville, South Carolina
26:
2078:Sir Ronald Fisher window
1925:Richmond Police Memorial
1771:Confederate War Memorial
1758:Our Confederate Soldiers
572:John C. Calhoun Monument
128:John C. Calhoun Monument
22:John C. Calhoun Monument
2191:Statues removed in 2020
1933:Williams Carter Wickham
225:Controversy and Removal
109:32.786667°N 79.935528°W
1921:Matthew Fontaine Maury
567:Denmark Vesey Monument
258:murder of George Floyd
242:
234:
213:
194:
1602:Thompson Elk Fountain
1168:Emancipation Memorial
630:George Floyd protests
240:
232:
211:
192:
114:32.786667; -79.935528
1901:Christopher Columbus
1879:Confederate Monument
1868:Confederate Monument
1812:Christopher Columbus
1801:Confederate Monument
1777:One Riot, One Ranger
1697:Christopher Columbus
1675:Christopher Columbus
1645:Christopher Columbus
1526:Confederate Memorial
1403:Christopher Columbus
1324:Christopher Columbus
1313:Christopher Columbus
1302:Christopher Columbus
1256:Christopher Columbus
1234:Christopher Columbus
1201:Christopher Columbus
1164:Christopher Columbus
1050:Confederate Monument
1000:Confederate Memorial
965:District of Columbia
952:Christopher Columbus
919:Christopher Columbus
907:Christopher Columbus
895:Christopher Columbus
884:Christopher Columbus
872:Christopher Columbus
861:Christopher Columbus
815:Christopher Columbus
772:Christopher Columbus
739:Confederate Monument
716:Confederate Monument
33:The monument in 2006
2133:: ✻ Pending removal
1857:Slave Auction Block
256:In the wake of the
152:Downtown Charleston
105: /
2084:Greater Manchester
1961:Hans Christian Heg
1816:Richard W. Dowling
1615:Theodore Roosevelt
1585:The Pioneer Mother
1489:Henry Lawson Wyatt
1436:Frederick Douglass
1425:Theodore Roosevelt
1190:Orville L. Hubbard
243:
235:
214:
195:
2138:
2137:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1913:Stonewall Jackson
1909:Howitzer Monument
1730:Edward W. Carmack
1653:George Whitefield
1623:George Washington
1116:John B. Castleman
823:Francis Scott Key
756:Carmel-by-the-Sea
592:
591:
267:Charleston Museum
132:monumental statue
124:
123:
16:American monument
2203:
2096:
2085:
2074:
2063:
2039:
2015:
2004:
1990:
1979:
1951:
1897:
1886:
1875:
1864:
1853:
1840:
1808:
1797:
1785:
1766:
1753:
1726:
1704:
1693:
1671:
1641:
1607:Thomas Jefferson
1593:
1574:
1548:
1522:
1508:
1496:
1485:Josephus Daniels
1477:
1470:Jerry Richardson
1466:
1454:
1432:
1421:
1414:Thomas Jefferson
1410:
1399:
1387:
1365:
1354:
1343:
1320:
1309:
1298:
1274:
1252:
1230:
1219:
1197:
1186:
1160:
1138:
1112:
1101:
1079:
1057:
1046:
1024:
1012:
996:
974:
948:
937:
915:
903:
891:
880:
868:
857:
834:
819:Ulysses S. Grant
811:
790:
779:
768:
757:
735:
724:
712:
690:
678:
663:
651:
638:
619:
612:
605:
596:
539:
532:
525:
516:
509:
508:
506:
505:
499:Post and Courier
490:
484:
483:
481:
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474:Post and Courier
465:
459:
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415:
409:
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390:
384:
383:
351:
336:
335:
333:
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326:Post and Courier
317:
311:
310:
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219:Democratic Party
199:Antebellum South
168:American slavery
120:
119:
117:
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115:
110:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
88:
31:
19:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2156:John C. Calhoun
2141:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2116:
2112:Robert Milligan
2094:
2083:
2072:
2061:
2047:
2037:
2023:
2013:
2002:
1984:
1983:Other countries
1965:
1949:
1937:
1929:J. E. B. Stuart
1905:Jefferson Davis
1895:
1884:
1873:
1862:
1851:
1838:
1826:
1806:
1795:
1783:
1764:
1751:
1739:
1724:
1712:
1708:John C. Calhoun
1702:
1691:
1679:
1669:
1657:
1639:
1627:
1619:Harvey W. Scott
1611:Abraham Lincoln
1591:
1572:
1560:
1546:
1534:
1520:
1506:
1494:
1475:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1430:
1419:
1408:
1397:
1391:Philip Schuyler
1385:
1373:
1369:Diego de Vargas
1363:
1352:
1341:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1250:
1238:
1228:
1223:Calvin Griffith
1217:
1205:
1195:
1184:
1172:
1158:
1146:
1136:
1124:
1110:
1105:Jefferson Davis
1099:
1087:
1077:
1065:
1055:
1044:
1032:
1022:
1010:
994:
982:
972:
960:
946:
935:
923:
913:
901:
889:
878:
866:
855:
843:
832:
809:
788:
777:
766:
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743:
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710:
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632:
623:
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548:
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392:
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387:
353:
352:
339:
330:
328:
319:
318:
314:
302:
301:
292:
287:
275:
262:lost cause myth
227:
179:
156:John C. Calhoun
113:
111:
107:
104:
99:
96:
94:
92:
91:
84:
79:, United States
51:John C. Calhoun
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
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2158:
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2142:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2104:Robert Clayton
2091:
2080:
2069:
2067:Edward Colston
2057:
2055:
2053:United Kingdom
2049:
2048:
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2045:
2033:
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2025:
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2022:
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2010:
1998:
1996:
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1982:
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1971:
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1964:
1963:
1945:
1943:
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1892:
1881:
1870:
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1852:Fredericksburg
1848:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1803:
1792:
1780:
1761:
1747:
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1684:South Carolina
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1542:
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1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1517:
1503:
1491:
1472:
1461:
1458:Vance Monument
1448:
1446:
1445:North Carolina
1442:
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838:Junípero Serra
829:
827:Junípero Serra
806:
800:Junípero Serra
785:
783:Junípero Serra
774:
763:
761:Junípero Serra
751:
749:
745:
744:
742:
741:
730:
719:
706:
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696:
694:Raphael Semmes
685:
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510:
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410:
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366:(3): 639–684.
337:
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289:
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282:
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249:at the nearby
226:
223:
178:
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162:who served as
154:. It depicted
140:South Carolina
122:
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24:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2208:
2197:
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2172:
2169:
2167:
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2159:
2157:
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2149:
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2146:
2132:
2127:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
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2068:
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2040:
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2030:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Robert E. Lee
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1890:Robert E. Lee
1887:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1835:
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1829:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
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1676:
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1654:
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1612:
1608:
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1603:
1598:
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1563:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:Gloria Victis
1509:
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423:Facing South
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100:79°56′07.9″W
97:32°47′12.0″N
2029:New Zealand
1649:Frank Rizzo
1579:The Pioneer
1495:Rocky Mount
1342:Albuquerque
1319:West Orange
1218:Minneapolis
1137:New Orleans
978:Albert Pike
848:Connecticut
804:John Sutter
778:Los Angeles
767:Chula Vista
723:Little Rock
711:Bentonville
628:during the
112: /
86:Coordinates
2145:Categories
2108:Thomas Guy
2019:Leopold II
2008:Leopold II
1874:Portsmouth
1845:Appomattox
1839:Alexandria
1796:Fort Worth
1703:Charleston
1670:Providence
1521:Wilmington
1334:New Mexico
1289:New Jersey
1229:Saint Paul
1111:Louisville
973:Washington
947:Wilmington
902:New London
879:Middletown
856:Bridgeport
789:Sacramento
748:California
734:Pine Bluff
677:Huntsville
662:Birmingham
504:2020-10-07
479:2020-10-07
454:2020-10-12
429:2020-10-10
404:2020-10-10
331:2020-10-07
285:References
136:Charleston
57:Dimensions
2100:John Cass
2073:Cambridge
1942:Wisconsin
1734:Sam Davis
1725:Nashville
1717:Tennessee
1507:Salisbury
1465:Charlotte
1453:Asheville
1431:Rochester
1409:Hempstead
1273:Las Vegas
1251:St. Louis
1210:Minnesota
1129:Louisiana
1120:Louis XVI
1100:Frankfort
890:New Haven
372:0022-4642
65:Condition
2038:Hamilton
1896:Richmond
1831:Virginia
1752:Beaumont
1692:Columbia
1592:Portland
1547:Columbus
1378:New York
1364:Santa Fe
1279:Hey Reb!
1243:Missouri
1185:Dearborn
1177:Michigan
1092:Kentucky
928:Delaware
867:Hartford
703:Arkansas
380:23247373
273:See also
247:shooting
203:Freedmen
73:Location
2062:Bristol
2003:Antwerp
1994:Belgium
1956:Forward
1950:Madison
1885:Roanoke
1863:Norfolk
1807:Houston
1476:Raleigh
1398:Buffalo
1353:Alcalde
1196:Detroit
1070:Indiana
1056:Decatur
1037:Georgia
1011:Palatka
987:Florida
914:Norwalk
833:Ventura
654:Alabama
177:History
68:removed
47:Subject
2095:London
1784:Denton
1765:Dallas
1573:Eugene
1565:Oregon
1386:Albany
1308:Newark
1297:Camden
1265:Nevada
1159:Boston
1045:Athens
1023:Quincy
689:Mobile
378:
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130:was a
2014:Ghent
1744:Texas
936:Dover
553:Works
376:JSTOR
1539:Ohio
449:WCIV
399:WCIV
368:ISSN
126:The
42:1887
39:Year
2131:Key
2110:✻;
2106:✻;
1911:✻;
1818:✻;
1647:✻;
798:✻;
150:in
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397:.
374:.
364:78
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340:^
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293:^
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142:,
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1326:✻
1018:✻
1006:✻
909:✻
897:✻
874:✻
840:✻
718:✻
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538:e
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