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up and hid under cover of the mountain. They looked out and saw a tumultuous procession with a great amount of baggage; and the bridegroom came out with his friends and his brothers to meet them with tambourines and musicians and many weapons. Then they rushed on them from the ambush and began killing them. Many were wounded and fell, and the rest fled to the mountain; and the Jews took all their goods. So the wedding was turned into mourning and the voice of their musicians into a funeral dirge. After they had fully avenged the blood of their brother, they returned to the marshes of the Jordan.
262:. It seems they plundered the treasure and supplies John had been put in charge of safeguarding, although "baggage" in the era could also refer to noncombatants such as refugees. It is unclear whether John immediately died, or he perhaps was held in captivity or suffered mortal wounds, given that the narrative waits a bit to confirm his death. In the story of the vengeance attack, the actual origin of the bride who is from "Canaan" (a Biblical reference, as Canaan was no longer a polity in the Maccabean era) is unclear, and the location of Nadabath is unknown.
176:
is not known whether John simply didn't do much, the chronicler writing 1 Maccabees was less familiar with John's activities, the author wished to downplay his activities for some reason, or the author simply felt it would detract from the literary flow given John's eventual fate and his heirs (if any) not assuming leadership.
247:
After these things it was reported to
Jonathan and his brother Simon, 'The family of Jambri are celebrating a great wedding, and are conducting the bride, a daughter of one of the great nobles of Canaan, from Nadabath with a large escort.' Remembering how their brother John had been killed, they went
175:
John's activities during the revolt are in general not directly recorded, although he is possibly indirectly referenced when the
Hasmonean family as a whole does something, such as at the end of Chapter 2 which says "Then he and his sons fled to the hills and left all that they had in the town." It
196:
With these words he (Judas) filled them with good courage and made them ready to die for their laws and their country; then he divided his army into four parts. He appointed his brothers also, Simon and Joseph and
Jonathan, each to command a division, putting fifteen hundred men under each. Besides,
211:
In general, the assumption is that something is poorly phrased or mistaken in this passage, and that 1 Maccabees as a dynastic history of the
Hasmoneans is trustworthy as to John's name and the number of brothers. Thus, rather than a mysterious sixth brother named "Joseph", either "Joseph" is an
243:
So
Jonathan sent his brother as leader of the multitude and begged the Nabateans, who were his friends, for permission to store with them the great amount of baggage that they had. But the family of Jambri from Medeba came out and seized John and all that he had, and left with it.
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error by the author or a scribe for "John" if it was meant that each of the
Hasmonean brothers commanded a division, or it is a reference to "Joseph, son of Zechariah", a commander mentioned in 1 Maccabees 5.
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in the 160s BCE. John's activities are not as well-documented as his other brothers. He is usually considered to have been the eldest of
Mattathias's five sons. He died around 160 or 159 BCE.
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Books 12 and 13 also mention John, but it appears to be largely paraphrasing 1 Maccabees, Josephus's main source for the period. 1 Maccabees introduces
Mattathias and his sons in chapter 2:
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Jonathan and his brother Simon and all who were with him heard of it, and they fled into the wilderness of Tekoa and camped by the water of the pool of Asphar. (...)
100:, a dynastic history of the Hasmoneans written after the Maccabean Revolt was successful and the Hasmoneans had established an independent kingdom. The historian
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172:), suggesting it meant something like "Lucky". Another possibility is Gaddi as a term for "grain" / "produce", perhaps suggesting John may have been a farmer.
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he appointed
Eleazar to read from the holy book, and gave the watchword, "God's Help"; then, leading the first division himself, he joined battle with
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continued to pursue the retreating
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514:. Vol. 41B. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. From Judas to Jonathan 9:1-9:73.
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228:, usually dated to Nisan (April) 160 BCE. Afterward, the victorious Seleucid army under General
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includes an intriguing possible reference to John when discussing a battle in 165 or 164 BCE in
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given to the sons are directly explained, although Gaddi is a name that appears in the Bible in
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It is usually assumed that the order of the sons given is from eldest to youngest. None of the
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and sought shelter with the Nabateans (Arabs) of the region. According to 1 Maccabees 9:
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Nothing is known of Jambri or his family; "Medaba" was the name of a city in
164::11. One suggestion for what "Gaddi" might refer to is relating to the word
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the son of John, son of Simeon, a priest of the sons of Joarib, moved from
404:. Vol. 11 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 377.
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The final references to John Gaddi are the events surrounding his death.
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1 Maccabees: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary
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Almost everything that is known of John comes from the book
546:(2012). "1 Maccabees 9:32-49: Vengeance for John's Death".
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168:as a term for "fortune" (such as the usage by the
489:. See also the parallel passage in Josephus's
368:. See also the parallel passage in Josephus's
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550:. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press.
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83:"Gaddi" include "Gaddis" and "Gaddim".
16:2nd century BCE Maccabean revolt leader
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578:People in the books of the Maccabees
390:(2007). "Johanan The Hasmonean". In
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312:'John called Gaddi' in
253:1 Maccabees 9:33; 35-42 (NRSV)
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302:Ioannis o epikaloúmenos Gaddi
56:the Hasmonean and brother of
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206:2 Maccabees 8:21-23 (RSV-CE)
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548:First and Second Maccabees
151:1 Maccabees 2:1-5 (RSV-CE)
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79:Alternative forms of his
50: 160–159 BCE
19:Not to be confused with
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544:Harrington, Daniel J.
401:Encyclopaedia Judaica
291:ὁ ἐπικαλούμενος Γαδδι
588:2nd-century BCE Jews
520:10.2307/j.ctv2t5xh30
126:. He had five sons,
504:Schwartz, Daniel R.
487:1 Maccabees 9:32–42
460:Schwartz, Daniel R.
436:2 Maccabees 8:21–23
142:called Avaran, and
128:John surnamed Gaddi
491:Antiquities 13.1.2
392:Berenbaum, Michael
370:Antiquities 12.6.1
350:King James Version
342:Douai-Rheims Bible
138:called Maccabeus,
107:Jewish Antiquities
557:978-0-8146-2846-1
529:978-0-300-15993-6
512:Anchor Yale Bible
473:978-3-11-019118-9
411:978-0-02-866097-4
366:1 Maccabees 2:1–5
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52:) was a son of
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186:2 Maccabees
98:1 Maccabees
572:Categories
328:References
283:יוחנן הגדי
162:Numbers 13
116:Mattathias
54:Mattathias
31:John Gaddi
25:John Gaddy
21:John Gotti
583:Maccabees
296:romanized
230:Bacchides
190:chapter 8
184:The book
170:deity Gad
158:cognomens
120:Jerusalem
64:lead the
506:(2022).
462:(2008).
398:(eds.).
251:—
204:—
149:—
144:Jonathan
104:'s work
102:Josephus
81:cognomen
348:. The
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199:Nicanor
140:Eleazar
60:. The
43:Yohanan
39:Johanan
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510:. The
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354:Caddis
279:Hebrew
124:Modein
45:) (d.
35:Hebrew
352:uses
287:Greek
266:Notes
136:Judas
132:Simon
74:Judea
552:ISBN
524:ISBN
468:ISBN
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308:lit.
260:Moab
516:doi
166:gad
41:or
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