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quick firing guns, and from the machine guns of an armoured car. Almost at once
Lieutenant Grayburn was shot through the shoulder. Although there was no cover on the bridge, and in spite of his wound, Lieutenant Grayburn continued to press forward with the greatest dash and bravery until casualties became so heavy that he was ordered to withdraw. He directed the withdrawal from the bridge personally and was himself the last man to come off the embankment into comparative cover.
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586:. Tatham-Warter took command of 2nd Battalion on Tuesday 19, and Grayburn temporarily took command of A Company after Tatham-Warter's designated replacement was wounded. Grayburn led several fighting patrols that forced the Germans to commit more armour but as Wednesday 20 dawned, the British position was becoming untenable. As the Germans squeezed the perimeter they laid explosives on a section of the ramp crossing a road next to the riverbank, lest
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538:. As they approached the railway bridge, C Company detached to capture it, but German engineers blew the bridge just as the British were starting to cross it. A Company now encountered enemy armoured cars, but successfully skirted them by manoeuvering through the back gardens of the houses on either side of the road At 8pm, as darkness fell, Grayburn's platoon led A Company into Arnhem centre and under the main ramp of
722:, where Grayburn's uncle worked before the war. He is also commemorated on the Sherborne School War Memorial and in the Sherborne School Book of Remembrance. A room in the clubhouse of Amersham and Chiltern Rugby Club is named after him. He is also named prominently on the front panel of the plinth unveiled at the new student accommodation in James Wolfe Road, Oxford on 16 August 2019 at the site of Cowley Barracks.
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positions under such heavy fire that he was forced to withdraw to an area farther North. The enemy now attempted to lay demolition charges under the bridge and the situation was critical. Realising this, Lieutenant
Grayburn organised and led a fighting patrol which drove the enemy off temporarily, and gave time for the fuzes to be removed. He was again wounded, this time in the back, but refused to be evacuated.
598:. Grayburn was wounded again but quickly returned after being treated, now with his head bandaged and arm in a sling. German infantry later returned to relay the charges and a second patrol went out to remove them. A German tank had come forward to cover the arch, but in order to direct his men to better positions Grayburn stood up in full view of it. The tank's machine gun killed him instantly.
574:. The platoon moved forward on either side of the girders along the sides of the road, but was quickly spotted by enemy forces on the bridge. Grayburn was shot in the shoulder but continued to press his men on, until the withering enemy fire became too intense and he was forced to pull them back. He was the last person to descend from the ramp into cover.
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From the evening of
September 17th until the night of September 20th, 1944, a period of over three days, Lieutenant Grayburn led his men with supreme gallantry and determination. Although in pain and weakened by his wounds, short of food and without sleep, his courage never flagged. There is no doubt
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On 19th
September, 1944, the enemy renewed his attacks, which increased in intensity, as the house was vital to the defence of the bridge. All attacks were repulsed, due to Lieutenant Grayburn's valour and skill in organising and encouraging his men, until eventually the house was set on fire and had
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Frost's perimeter gradually shrank as men and ammunition ran low, and Frost himself was wounded on 20 September. A brief ceasefire was held later that day to allow the evacuation of wounded men in danger of becoming trapped and being burned alive in the cellars of wrecked buildings. Despite the best
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Over the next few days, every man of the 700 or so who had made it to the bridge and whether a combat trooper or not, was engaged in the defence of the
British perimeter. A Company was sited in the buildings on either side of the ramp nearest the river, and on Monday 18 2 Platoon occupied a house on
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to the bridges, knowing him to be "a thruster if ever there was". A Company was in action almost at once, ambushing a small German recce group near the drop zone. The company moved off through the woods toward the river road, with each platoon taking turns to lead. There was a brief plan to advance
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On 20 September 1944, he extended his defence by a series of fighting patrols which prevented the enemy gaining access to the houses in the vicinity, the occupation of which would have prejudiced the defence of the bridge. This forced the enemy to bring up tanks which brought
Lieutenant Grayburn's
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North end of the bridge was captured and, early in the night, Lieutenant
Grayburn was ordered to assault and capture the Southern end with his platoon. He led his platoon on to the bridge and began the attack with the utmost determination, but the platoon was met by a hail of fire from two 20 mm.
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once out of the woods, but German forces were encountered shortly afterwards and the idea was not followed up. Grayburn had just arrived at a road junction and headed north when the men behind him came under enemy fire. After laying a smokescreen he led a charge that cleared the enemy positions.
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Throughout the next day and night the enemy made ceaseless attacks on the house, using not only infantry with mortars and machine guns but also tanks and self-propelled guns. The house was very exposed and difficult to defend and the fact that it did not fall to the enemy must be attributed to
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Finally, an enemy tank, against which
Lieutenant Grayburn had no defence, approached so close to his position that it became untenable. He then stood up in full view of the tank and personally directed the withdrawal of his men to the main defensive perimeter to which he had been ordered.
307:. Between 17 and 20 September he led his platoon, and later the remnants of a battalion, in the defence of the small British perimeter around the bridge, but was killed after standing up in full view of a German tank in order to direct his men to new positions.
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The rest of the division made several efforts to reinforce Frost's men, but were unable to break through the German forces that surrounded the bridge. The exact disposition of the
British troops subsequently became more confused as the battle developed into
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Grayburn did not fire on the occasional German traffic still using the bridge, preferring not to advertise the Allied presence until the rest of the battalion had arrived. Upon his arrival, Frost began securing more buildings around the ramp, and a small
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Lieutenant
Grayburn then took command of elements of all arms, including the remainder of his own company, and re-formed them into a fighting force. He spent the night organising a defensive position to cover the approaches to the bridge.
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Lieutenant Grayburn's great courage and inspiring leadership. He constantly exposed himself to the enemy's fire while moving among, and encouraging, his platoon, and seemed completely oblivious to danger.
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Lieutenant Grayburn was a platoon commander of the Parachute Battalion which was dropped on 17th September, 1944, with the task of seizing and holding the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem.
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A Company was not significantly delayed by the German patrols it encountered later, although the presence of cheering Dutch crowds delayed the whole battalion as it passed through
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Like Grayburn, "Major Carlisle" leads the first attack on the bridge, is wounded in the shoulder and later dies. Like Tatham-Warter he is a major and carries an umbrella.
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As soon as it was sufficiently dark, Grayburn led his platoon along the ramp to the bridge, their faces blackened and their boots muffled with strips of torn up
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attack was made on the bridge. The German defenders quickly repulsed this however and Tatham-Warter organised a stronger attack, to be led by Grayburn.
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Later, his platoon was ordered to occupy a house which was vital to the defence of the bridge and he personally organised the occupation of the house.
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the east side. This sector came under increasing attack from tanks and infantry of the 10th SS Panzer Division, and the building was later burnt down.
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After his death, Grayburn was buried on the bridge embankment close to where he was killed. His remains were recovered in 1948 and added to the
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that, had it not been for this officer's inspiring leadership and personal bravery, the Arnhem bridge could never have been held for this time.
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should break through and capture the bridge from the south. Grayburn led another patrol that forced the enemy away from the arch while
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and was posted to the 1st (London) Cadet Force, The Queen's Royal Regiment. In September 1940 he was given an emergency commission to
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before being overrun on 21 September. The rest of the division became trapped in a small pocket west of the bridge and had to be
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to the German defences and the Allies suffered heavily in the ensuing battle. Only a small force managed to hold one end of the
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in 1942 and married Marcelle Chambers, with whom he had a son, in the same year. However, the Ox and Bucks remained on the
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efforts of the remaining men to hold out overnight, they were finally overrun in the early hours of 21 September.
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1328:"Sherborne School, UK, Book of Remembrance for former pupils who died in the Second World War, 1939-1945"
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Lieutenant John Hollington Grayburn (149002), Parachute Regiment, Army Air Corps (Chalfont St. Giles).
264:, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to
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622:. Upon his return to England he wrote a report on the action at the bridge, which led to Grayburn's
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Tatham-Warter lacked confidence in the Airborne radio equipment and had trained his platoons to use
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Major Tatham-Warter was able to escape German captivity and later led nearly 140 men to safety in
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The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the posthumous award of the VICTORIA CROSS to: —
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were also near Arnhem for rest and refitting. Their presence added a substantial number of
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The full citation for Grayburn's Victoria Cross appeared in a supplement to the
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and Grayburn became bored with the inactivity. Instead he applied to the
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882:"Unit Histories: 1st British Airborne Division Arnhem, September 1944"
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into Arnhem to secure the road, rail and pontoon bridges over the
847:"Lieutenant J.H. Grayburn VC: Sherborne's A Bridge Too Far hero"
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where he was part of the small force that was able to reach
960:"The Pegasus Archive - Lieutenant John Hollington Grayburn"
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that Grayburn signalled that the advance could be resumed.
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Four other men were awarded the Victoria Cross at Arnhem:
558:, photographed shortly after the British had been overrun.
404:. The following year he was transferred to the regiment's
927:"Amersham and Chiltern Rugby Football Club: Club History"
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Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry officers
906:"The Dorset Page: John Hollington Grayburn (1918-1944)"
498:, originally planned for the 2nd Battalion to lead the
431:, an attempt to secure a string of bridges through the
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For supreme courage, leadership and devotion to duty.
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British World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross
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J.H. Grayburn, Book of Remembrance, Sherborne School
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808:List of Second World War Victoria Cross recipients
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513:A Company to lead the battalion's march from the
1296:(Supplement). 23 January 1945. pp. 561–562.
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365:between 1927 and 1939 and was a skilled boxer.
378:Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
299:. At the age of 26 he went into action in the
293:Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
178:Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
1615:British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross
1600:British Army personnel killed in World War II
708:Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces Museum
447:were tasked with securing bridges across the
326:John Grayburn was born on 30 January 1918 on
316:Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces Museum
314:, and his Victoria Cross is displayed at the
256:(30 January 1918 – 20 September 1944) was an
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352:Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
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1620:Burials at Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery
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388:Grayburn was promoted to war substantive
291:. He was initially commissioned into the
1384:"Find a Grave: John Hollington Grayburn"
1349:"A Tribute to the Life of Jack Grayburn"
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445:Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade
402:7th (Light Infantry) Parachute Battalion
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710:and there are plaques in his memory at
275:Born in 1918, Grayburn was educated at
1372:Plinth on the site of Cowley Barracks
193:2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment
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1549:The Arnhem Roll of Honour Database:
1625:Military personnel of British India
1605:People educated at Sherborne School
1595:British Parachute Regiment officers
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1527:. Pen & Sword Books Limited.
1525:A Tour of the Arnhem Battlefields
1479:Arnhem 1944: The Airborne Battle
647:War Office, 25th January, 1945.
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739:of Grayburn and Tatham-Warter.
16:Recipient of the Victoria Cross
704:Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery
312:Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery
85:Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery
1:
643:on 23 January 1945, reading:
441:British 1st Airborne Division
772:South Staffordshire Regiment
759:South Staffordshire Regiment
1505:. Wordsworth Editions Ltd.
1457:It Never Snows in September
1438:Arnhem: A Tragedy of Errors
851:The Old Shirburnian Society
287:before the outbreak of the
74:German-occupied Netherlands
67:20 September 1944 (aged 26)
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1436:Harclerode, Peter (2000).
714:parish church, and at the
689:He was killed that night.
310:Grayburn is buried in the
1565:Sherborne School Archives
1415:Frost, Major General John
781:David Samuel Anthony Lord
477:evacuated on 25 September
342:where he was a member of
30:
1459:. Ian Allan Publishing.
1455:Kershaw, Robert (1990).
487:1st Airborne Division's
457:10th SS Panzer divisions
251:John Hollington Grayburn
25:John Hollington Grayburn
768:John Daniel Baskeyfield
584:house to house fighting
429:Operation Market Garden
408:, under the command of
213:Operation Market Garden
798:Lionel Ernest Queripel
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191:2 Platoon, A Company,
630:and the award of the
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546:Defence of the bridge
511:Digby Tatham-Warter's
500:1st Parachute Brigade
483:Advance to the bridge
295:and later joined the
138:Years of service
624:posthumous promotion
368:Grayburn joined the
1475:Middlebrook, Martin
1440:. Caxton Editions.
1317:Middlebrook, p. 471
1229:Middlebrook, p. 311
1217:Middlebrook, p. 310
1184:Middlebrook, p. 305
1175:Middlebrook, p. 308
1148:Middlebrook, p. 289
1112:Middlebrook, p. 157
1098:Middlebrook, p. 156
1089:Middlebrook, p. 153
1059:Middlebrook, p. 146
1050:Middlebrook, p. 145
1041:Middlebrook, p. 144
1032:Middlebrook, p. 143
853:. 19 September 2019
737:composite character
469:self-propelled guns
363:Chiltern Rugby Club
1293:The London Gazette
1238:Harclerode, p. 121
1196:Harclerode, p. 120
979:Middlebrook, p. 67
802:Parachute Regiment
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540:Arnhem road bridge
489:commanding officer
473:Arnhem road bridge
410:Lieutenant Colonel
398:Parachute Regiment
305:Arnhem road bridge
297:Parachute Regiment
182:Parachute Regiment
800:, 10th Battalion
778:Flight Lieutenant
755:Robert Henry Cain
725:In the 1977 film
712:Chalfont St Giles
674:to be evacuated.
620:Operation Pegasus
374:second lieutenant
260:recipient of the
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1502:A Bridge Too Far
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614:A Victoria Cross
518:the platoons by
461:Panzergrenadiers
425:Battle of Arnhem
419:Battle of Arnhem
384:Second World War
370:Army Cadet Force
357:Grayburn played
348:Sherborne School
346:. After leaving
336:Sherborne School
301:Battle of Arnhem
289:Second World War
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1393:. Retrieved
1389:Find a Grave
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1355:. Retrieved
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159:(posthumous)
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132:British Army
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1585:1944 deaths
1580:1918 births
1521:Waddy, John
1421:. Cassell.
1288:"No. 36907"
525:bugle calls
504:Lower Rhine
449:Lower Rhine
433:Netherlands
344:Abbey House
93:Netherlands
40:Nickname(s)
1574:Categories
1481:. Viking.
1395:8 November
1307:CWGC entry
965:8 November
933:8 November
911:8 November
887:8 November
857:10 October
834:References
536:Oosterbeek
529:the charge
515:drop zones
413:John Frost
394:home front
390:lieutenant
322:Early life
100:Allegiance
1499:(1999) .
735:played a
720:Hong Kong
588:XXX Corps
1523:(1999).
1477:(1994).
1417:(1980).
743:See also
572:curtains
361:for the
272:forces.
249:Captain
188:Commands
118:Service/
795:Captain
628:captain
565:section
266:British
258:English
224:†
157:Captain
145:†
54:Karachi
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698:Legacy
453:9th SS
437:Arnhem
340:Dorset
281:Dorset
238:Awards
220:
169:149002
129:
120:branch
109:
89:Arnhem
80:Buried
70:Arnhem
43:"Jack"
1352:(PDF)
814:Notes
752:Major
596:fuzes
508:Major
465:tanks
435:. At
359:rugby
332:India
1529:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1397:2009
1359:2017
1335:2017
967:2009
935:2009
913:2009
889:2009
859:2020
554:The
520:jeep
467:and
455:and
443:and
439:the
423:The
268:and
174:Unit
153:Rank
64:Died
48:Born
626:to
338:in
279:in
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