1585:"And yet this act wherefore I die, was not altogether of me (as it is thought) but I was procured and induced thereunto by other. I was I say induced thereunto by other, howbeit, God forbid that I should name any man unto you, I will name no man unto you, and therefore I beseech you look not for it. ... And one thing more good people I have to say unto you ... and that is to warn you and exhort you to beware of these seditious preachers, and teachers of new doctrine, which pretend to preach God's word, but in very deed they preach their own fancies, ... they know not today what they would have tomorrow, ... they open the book, but they cannot shut it again. ... I could good people rehearse much more ... but you know I have another thing to do, whereunto I must prepare me, for the time draweth away." ... And after he had thus spoken he kneeled down ... and bowing toward the block he said, I have deserved a thousand deaths, and thereupon he made a cross upon the straw, and kissed it, and laid his head upon the block, and so died.
1514:, where she was the greatest landowner. She began to assemble an armed following and sent a letter to the council, demanding to be recognised as queen. It arrived on 10 July, the day Jane Grey was proclaimed as queen. The Duke of Northumberland's oration, held before Jane the previous day, did not move her to accept the Crown—her parents' assistance was required for that. Dudley had not prepared for resolute action on Mary's part and needed a week to build up a larger force. He was in a dilemma over who should lead the troops. He was the most experienced general in the kingdom, but he did not want to leave the government in the hands of his colleagues, in some of whom he had little confidence. Queen Jane decided the issue by demanding that her father, the Duke of Suffolk, should remain with her and the council. On 14 July Northumberland headed for
464:
1700:, was appropriate to his rank and figured well below the annuity of ÂŁ5,333 p.a. the Duke of Somerset had granted himself, thus reaching an income of over ÂŁ10,000 p.a. while in office. John Dudley was a typical Tudor Crown servant, self-interested but absolutely loyal to the incumbent sovereign: The monarch's every wish was law. This uncritical stance may have played a decisive role in Northumberland's decision to implement Edward's succession device, as it did in his attitude towards Mary when she had become queen. The fear his services could be inadequate or go unacknowledged by the monarch was constant in Dudley, who also was very sensitive on what he called "estimation", meaning status.
1678:
contemporary and modern—have been that
Northumberland sought to rescue his family from the axe, that, in the face of catastrophe, he found a spiritual home in the church of his childhood, or that he saw the hand of God in Mary's success. Although he endorsed the Reformation from at least the mid-1530s, Dudley may not have understood theological subtleties, being a "simple man in such matters". The Duke was stung by an outspoken letter he received from John Knox, whom he had invited to preach before the King and in vain had offered a bishopric. William Cecil was informed:
1534:
on the council's orders all the time and that he did not now wish "to combat the
Council's decisions, supposing that they have been moved by good reasons ... and I beg your lordships to do the same." Proclaiming Mary Tudor at the market place, he threw up his cap and "so laughed that the tears ran down his cheeks for grief." The next morning the Earl of Arundel arrived to arrest him. A week earlier Arundel had assured Northumberland of his wish to spill his blood even at the Duke's feet; now Dudley went down on his knees as soon as he caught sight of him.
1427:
1057:, the Imperial ambassador. At a dinner Edward discussed with the envoy at length until Northumberland discreetly indicated to the King that he had said enough. Yet the Duke did not necessarily have his way in all things. In 1552–1553 the King's hand can be discerned behind decisions (and omissions) that directly contravened Dudley's wishes. At court, complex networks of influence were at work and Edward listened to more than one voice. Regarding the question to what extent Edward played a role in his own government, Stephen Alford writes:
1435:
questionable as a result of Henry VIII's legislation. In the first version of his "devise", written before he knew he was mortally ill, Edward bypassed his half-sisters and provided for the succession of male heirs only. Around the end of May or early June Edward's condition worsened dramatically and he corrected his draft such that Lady Jane Grey herself, not just her putative sons, could inherit the Crown. To what extent Edward's document—especially this last change—was influenced by
Northumberland, his confidant
1483:
incompatible with the mind and needs of a pragmatical politician. Mary's accession could cost
Northumberland his head, but not necessarily so. He tried hard to please her during 1553, and may have shared the general assumption that she would succeed to the Crown as late as early June. Faced with Edward's express royal will and perseverance, John Dudley submitted to his master's wishes—either seeing his chance to retain his power beyond the boy's lifetime or out of loyalty.
880:
56:
1568:. Answered that the Great Seal of a usurper was worth nothing, he asked "whether any such persons as were equally culpable of that crime ... might be his judges". After sentence was passed, he begged the Queen's mercy for his five sons, the eldest of whom was condemned with him, the rest waiting for their trials. He also asked to "confess to a learned divine" and was visited by Bishop Stephen Gardiner, who had passed most of Edward's reign in the Tower and was now Mary's
827:, tried to convince Anne Askew to conform to the Catholic doctrines of the Henrician Church, yet she replied "it was great shame for them to counsel contrary to their knowledge". In September Dudley struck Gardiner in the face during a full meeting of the council. This was a grave offence, and he was lucky to escape with a month's leave from court in disgrace. In the last weeks of the reign Seymour and Dudley played their parts in Henry's strike against the conservative
1663:
1423:. Within a month the first of these marriages turned out to be highly significant. Although marked by magnificent festivities, at the time they took place the alliances were not seen as politically important, not even by the Imperial ambassador Scheyfye, who was the most suspicious observer. Often perceived as proof of a conspiracy to bring the Dudley family to the throne, they have also been described as routine matches between aristocrats.
1641:
the part of the loyal and tragic enforcer instead of the original instigator. Many historians have since seen the "devise" as Edward's very own project. Others, while remarking upon the plan's sloppy implementation, have seen
Northumberland as behind the scheme, yet in concord with Edward's convictions; the Duke acting out of despair for his own survival, or to rescue political and religious reform and save England from Habsburg domination.
743:
302:
1053:
chances to continue as principal minister would be good. From the age of about 14 Edward's signature on documents no longer needed the council's countersignatures, and the King was regularly debriefed in meetings with a
Council of his own choosing—the principal administrators and the Duke of Northumberland were among the chosen. Dudley had a warm if respectful relationship with the teenager, who "loved and feared" him according to
932:, appealed to the common people. To his colleagues, whom he hardly consulted, he displayed a distinctly autocratic and "increasingly contemptuous" face. By autumn 1549 the same councillors who had made him Protector were convinced that he had failed to exercise proper authority and was unwilling to listen to good counsel. Dudley still had the troops from the Norfolk campaign at his disposal, and in October 1549 he joined the
995:
940:, prominent religious conservatives, to lead a coup of councillors to oust the Protector from office. They withdrew from court to London, meeting in Dudley's residence. Starting with the Protector, each side issued proclamations accusing the other of treason and declared to act in defence of the King's safety. Somerset tried in vain to raise a popular force and entrenched himself with the King at the
956:. In December 1549 Southampton tried to regain predominance by charging Dudley with treason, alongside Somerset, for having been an original ally of the Protector. The scheme misfired when Dudley invited the council to his house and baffled the plotters by exclaiming, with his hand at his sword and "a warlike visage": "my lord, you seek his blood and he that seeketh his blood would have mine also".
1492:
872:. Perceived as the most important man next the Protector, he was on friendly terms with Somerset, who soon reopened the war with Scotland. Dudley accompanied him as second-in-command with a taste for personal combat. On one occasion he fought his way out of an ambush and, spear in hand, chased his Scottish counterpart for some 250 yards (230 m), nearly running him through. In the
1167:
which she was told that what mattered was not her faith but her disobedience to the law, she sent the
Imperial ambassador Scheyfve to threaten war on England. The English government could not swallow a war threat from an ambassador who had stepped out of his commission, but at the same time would not risk all-important commercial ties with the
451:, Northumberland returned to Catholicism and abjured the Protestant faith before his execution on 22 August 1553. Having secured the contempt of both religious camps, popularly hated, and a natural scapegoat, he became the "wicked Duke" — in contrast to his predecessor Somerset, the "good Duke". Only since the 1970s has he also been seen as a
972:
tried to obstruct Dudley's policies. His behaviour increasingly threatened the cohesion vital within a minority regime. In that respect
Warwick would take no chances, and he now also aspired to a dukedom. He needed to advertise his power and impress his followers; like his predecessor, he had to represent the King's honour. His elevation as
1336:, a balancing act that made peace between the two great powers attractive. In late 1552, he undertook to bring about a European peace by English mediation. These moves were taken seriously by the rival resident ambassadors, but were ended in June 1553 by the belligerents, the continuance of war being more advantageous to them.
1609:
out: "it was thought best not to inquire too closely into what had happened, so as to make no discoveries that might prejudice those ". By renouncing the
Protestantism he had so conspicuously stood for, Northumberland lost every respect and became ineligible for rehabilitation in a world dominated by thinking along
1789:
If there were no male heirs at the time of his death, England should have no king until the birth of a male royal child; a detailed system of female regency provisions was to apply in this case. Edward also distinguished between different types of minority rule and envisaged the possibility of having
1644:
Since the 1970s, critical reassessments of the Duke of
Somerset's policies and government style led to acknowledgment that Northumberland revitalised and reformed the Privy Council as a central part of the administration, and that he "took the necessary but unpopular steps to hold the minority regime
1640:
embraced this good duke/bad duke dichotomy in a two-volume study of Edward VI's reign. However, he saw the King on the verge of assuming full authority at the beginning of 1553 (with Dudley contemplating retirement) and ascribed the succession alteration to Edward's resolution, Northumberland playing
1434:
At some point during his illness Edward wrote a draft document headed "My devise for the Succession". Due to his ardent Protestantism Edward did not want his Catholic sister Mary to succeed, but he was also preoccupied with male succession and with legitimacy, which in Mary's and Elizabeth's case was
1331:
The war between France and the Emperor broke out once again in September 1551. In due course Northumberland rejected requests for English help from both sides, which in the case of the Empire consisted of a demand for full-scale war based on an Anglo-Imperial treaty of 1542. The Duke pursued a policy
1175:
and some of Mary's household officers were arrested. On his next visit to the council, Scheyfye was informed by the Earl of Warwick that the King of England had as much authority at 14 as he had at 40—Dudley was alluding to Mary's refusal to accept Edward's demands on grounds of his young age. In the
971:
as a mark of reconciliation. Yet Somerset soon attracted political sympathizers and hoped to re-establish his power by removing Dudley from the scene, "contemplating", as he later admitted, the Lord President's arrest and execution. Relying on his popularity with the masses, he campaigned against and
1707:
John Dudley was an imposing figure with a strong temperament who could also charm people with his courtesy and a graceful presence. He was a family man, an understanding father and husband who was passionately loved by his wife. Frequent phases of illness, partly due to a stomach ailment, occasioned
1682:
I love not to have to do with men which be neither grateful nor pleasable. I assure you I mind to have no more to do with him but to wish him well ... he cannot tell whether I be a dissembler in religion or not ... for my own part, if I should have passed more upon the speech of the people than upon
1580:
and professed that "the plagues that is upon the realm and upon us now is that we have erred from the faith these sixteen years." A great propaganda coup for the new government, Dudley's words were officially distributed—especially in the territories of the Emperor Charles V. In the evening the Duke
1533:
and retreated again to Cambridge. On 20 July a letter from the Council in London arrived, declaring that they had proclaimed Mary Queen and commanding Northumberland to disband the army and await events. Dudley did not contemplate resistance. He explained to his fellow-commanders that they had acted
1078:
Dudley set out to restore administrative efficiency and maintain public order to prevent renewed rebellion as seen in 1549. Equipped with a new law "for the punishment of unlawful assemblies", he built a united front of landholders and Privy Council, the government intervening locally at any sign of
1052:
Dudley organised Edward's political education so that he should take an interest in affairs and at least appear to influence decisions. He wanted the King to grow into his authority as smoothly as possible. Disruptive conflicts when Edward took over government could thus be minimised, while Dudley's
439:
To what extent the Duke influenced this scheme is uncertain. The traditional view is that it was Northumberland's plot to maintain his power by placing his family on the throne. Many historians see the project as genuinely Edward's, enforced by Dudley after the King's death. The Duke did not prepare
408:
government and sought to introduce the adolescent King into business. Taking over an almost bankrupt administration, he ended the costly wars with France and Scotland and tackled finances in ways that led to some economic recovery. To prevent further uprisings he introduced countrywide policing on a
1779:
of 1544 and in his will, nominated his daughters Mary and Elizabeth as successors to the Crown, "upon condition" that they did not marry without the consent of the Privy Council (Hutchinson 2006 p. 212). In the same 1544 act his daughters were still, as in earlier legislation, declared illegitimate
1450:
Edward fully endorsed it. He personally supervised the copying of his will and twice summoned lawyers to his bedside to give them orders. On the second occasion, 15 June, Northumberland kept a watchful eye over the proceedings. Days before, the Duke had intimidated the judges who were raising legal
1386:
The 15-year-old King fell seriously ill in February 1553. His sister Mary was invited to visit him, the Council doing "duty and obeisance to her as if she had been Queen of England". The King recovered somewhat, and in April Northumberland restored Mary's full title and arms as Princess of England,
1306:
English garrison at Boulogne. The high costs of the garrison could thus be saved and French payments of redemption of roughly ÂŁ180,000 were a most welcome cash income. The peace with France was concluded in the Treaty of Boulogne in March 1550. There was both public rejoicing and anger at the time,
1223:
so that he should, in Northumberland's words, "be a whetstone to quicken and sharp the Bishop of Canterbury, whereof he hath need". Knox refused to collaborate, but joined fellow reformers in a concerted preaching campaign against covetous men in high places. Cranmer's canon law was finally wrecked
1166:
in any of her residences, was not prepared to make any concessions. She planned to flee the country but then could not make up her mind in the last minute. Mary denied Edward's personal interest in the issue and entirely blamed John Dudley for her troubles. After a meeting with King and Council, in
1048:
and thought him "a most faithful servant and by that term most witty councillor ... as was scarce like in this realm". In this position Cecil was Dudley's trusted right hand, who primed the Privy Council according to the Lord President's wishes. At the same time Cecil had intimate contact with the
1716:
wrote of his onetime superior: "This Earl had such a head that he seldom went about anything but he had three or four purposes beforehand." A French eyewitness of 1553 described him as "an intelligent man who could explain his ideas and who displayed an impressive dignity. Others, who did not know
1677:
of his Protestant faith before his execution delighted Queen Mary and enraged Lady Jane. The general opinion, especially among Protestants, was that he tried to seek a pardon by this move. Historians have often believed that he had no faith whatsoever, being a mere cynic. Further explanations—both
1608:
and the Protector—as well as Edward himself. He also served as an indispensable scapegoat: It was the most practical thing for Queen Mary to believe that Dudley had been acting all alone and it was in nobody's interest to doubt it. Further questions were unwelcome, as Charles V's ambassadors found
1113:
collections for the "relief of the poor". Parishes were to register their needy inhabitants as well as the amounts people agreed to give for them, while unwilling contributors were to be "induced" by the parson and, if need be, by the bishop. The years 1549–1551 saw poor harvests and, accordingly,
985:
for raising a contingent of armed men without a licence. He was executed on 22 January 1552. While technically lawful, these events contributed much to Northumberland's growing unpopularity. Dudley himself, according to a French eyewitness, confessed before his own end that "nothing had pressed so
976:
came on 11 October 1551 with the Duke of Somerset participating in the ceremony. Five days later Somerset was arrested, while rumours about supposed plots of his circulated. He was accused of having planned a "banquet massacre", in which the council were to be assaulted and Dudley killed. Somerset
951:
brokered an unofficial deal with Somerset, who surrendered. To keep appearances, the 12-year-old King personally commanded his uncle's arrest. For a moment there was hope of a conservative restoration in some quarters. However, Dudley and Cranmer secured the Reformed agenda by persuading Edward to
1466:
It was now common knowledge that Edward was dying. The Imperial ambassador, Scheyfye, had been convinced for years that Dudley was engaged in some "mighty plot" to settle the Crown on his own head. As late as 12 June, though, he still knew nothing specific, despite having inside information about
1541:
to the Tower on 25 July, with his guards struggling to protect him against the hostile populace. A pamphlet appearing shortly after his arrest illustrated the general hatred of him: "the great devil Dudley ruleth, Duke I should have said". He was now commonly thought to have poisoned King Edward
1482:
Whether altering the succession was Edward's own idea or not, he was determinedly at work to exclude his half-sisters in favour of what he perceived as his jeopardised legacy. The original provisions of the "devise" have been described as bizarre and obsessive and as typical of a teenager, while
1319:
between the two countries. This matter was concluded in August 1552 by French arbitration. Despite the cessation of hostilities, English defences were kept on a high level: nearly ÂŁ200,000 p.a. were spent on the navy and the garrisons at Calais and on the Scottish border. In his capacity as
814:
John Dudley, popularly fĂŞted and highly regarded by King Henry as a general, became a royal intimate who played cards with the ailing monarch. Next to Edward Seymour, Prince Edward's maternal uncle, Dudley was one of the leaders of the Reformed party at court, and both their wives were among the
1803:
put it (Loades 2004 p. 127). Such rumours and claims were largely exaggerated, though (Ives 2009 pp. 203–205; Loades 2004 p. 127). The bulk of the troops he had brought from London were with the Duke until the end and, in the words of David Loades, "he could have made a considerable nuisance of
1581:
learnt "that I must prepare myself against tomorrow to receive my deadly stroke", as he wrote in a desperate plea to the Earl of Arundel: "O my good lord remember how sweet life is, and how bitter ye contrary." On the scaffold, before 10,000 people, Dudley confessed his guilt but maintained:
1131:
by the officers of the mint and other institutions. In 1551, the government at the same time tried to yield profit and restore confidence in the coin by issuing yet further debased coinage and "crying it down" immediately afterwards. The result was panic and confusion and, to get hold of the
1118:
by official searches for hidden corn and by fixing maximum prices for grain, meat, and other victuals. However, the set prices were so unrealistic that farmers stopped to sell their produce at the open market and the regulations had to be rescinded. The regime's agrarian policy, while giving
1550:
to explain Mary's triumph over Jane simply in terms of overwhelming spontaneous support. Northumberland ... was completely unprepared for the crisis which eventually overtook him. He was already losing his grip upon the situation before the council defected, and that was why they did
915:
contingent and drove the rebels out after fierce street fighting; 49 prisoners he had immediately hanged. Two days later Kett, who had his main camp outside the city, confronted the royal army, resulting in a slaughter of over 2,000 peasants. In the following weeks Dudley conducted
1251:. The most radical preachers thought that bishops, if needed at all, should be "unlorded". This attitude was attractive to Dudley, as it conveniently allowed him to fill up the Exchequer or distribute rewards with Church property. When new bishops were appointed—typically to the
1136:. After the first good harvest in four years, by late 1552 the currency was stable, prices for foodstuffs had dropped, and a basis for economic recovery had been laid. A process to centralise the administration of Crown revenue was underway and foreign debt had been eliminated.
1255:
of deprived conservative incumbents—they often had to surrender substantial land holdings to the Crown and were left with a much reduced income. The dire situation of the Crown finances made the Council resort to a further wave of Church expropriation in 1552–1553, targeting
1542:
while Mary "would have been as glad of her brother's life, as the ragged bear is glad of his death". Dumbfounded by the turn of events, the French ambassador Noailles wrote: "I have witnessed the most sudden change believable in men, and I believe that God alone worked it."
1132:
situation, a coin of 92.3% silver content (against 25% silver content in the last debasement) was issued within months. The bad coin prevailed over the good, however, because people had lost confidence. Northumberland admitted defeat and recruited the financial expert
384:
in Norfolk. Convinced of the Protector's incompetence, he and other privy councillors forced Somerset out of office in October 1549. Having averted a conservative reaction in religion and a plot to destroy him alongside Somerset, Dudley emerged in early 1550 as
1348:, in May 1550, yet never lost his keen interest in maritime affairs. Henry VIII had revolutionised the English navy, mainly in military terms. Dudley encouraged English voyages to far-off coasts, ignoring Spanish threats. He even contemplated a raid on
392:
for the 12-year-old Edward VI. He reconciled himself with Somerset, who nevertheless soon began to intrigue against him and his policies. Somerset was executed on largely fabricated charges, three months after Dudley had been raised to the
1301:
The war policy 1547–1549 had entailed an extraordinary expenditure of about £350,000 p.a. against a regular Crown income of £150,000 p.a. It was impossible to continue in this way, and Dudley quickly negotiated a withdrawal of the
894:
were unlawful. As one of England's major landowners, Dudley soon feared that this would lead to serious trouble and discreetly tried to warn Somerset. By the summer of 1549 there was widespread unrest or even rebellion all over England. The
963:, with the capacity to debar councillors from the body and appoint new ones. He excluded Southampton and other conservatives, but arranged Somerset's release and his return to the Privy Council and Privy Chamber. In June 1550 Dudley's heir
1529:, Mary's military camp was gathering strength daily and, through luck, came into possession of powerful artillery from the royal navy. In the circumstances the Duke deemed fighting a hopeless campaign. The army proceeded from Cambridge to
859:
with full powers, which in effect were those of a prince. At the same time the Council awarded themselves a round of promotions based on Henry VIII's wishes; the Earl of Hertford became the Duke of Somerset and John Dudley was created
1653:
in 1999. Dale Hoak concluded in 1980: "given the circumstances which he inherited in 1549, the duke of Northumberland appears to have been one of the most remarkably able governors of any European state during the sixteenth century."
1603:
about the Duke of Northumberland was already in the making when he was still in power, the more after his fall. From the last days of Henry VIII he was to have planned, years in advance, the destruction of both King Edward's Seymour
1687:
Northumberland was not an old-style peer, despite his aristocratic ancestry and existence as a great lord. He acquired, sold, and exchanged lands, but never strove to build himself a territorial power base or a large armed force of
1683:
the service of my master ... I needed not to have had so much obloquy of some kind of men; but the living God, that knoweth the hearts of all men, shall be my judge at the last day with what zeal, faith, and truth I serve my master.
1122:
The financial legacy of the Protectorate consisted, apart from crippling Crown debts, of an unprecedentedly debased coinage. On the second day as Lord President of the Council, Dudley began a process to tackle the problems of the
522:
and was taken into his household. At the same time Edmund Dudley's attainder was lifted and John Dudley was restored "in name and blood". The King was hoping for the good services "which the said John Dudley is likely to do".
1372:
sailed in May 1553. King Edward watched their departure from his window. Northumberland was at the centre of a "maritime revolution", a policy in which, increasingly, the English Crown sponsored long-distance trade directly.
4724:
889:
The Protector's agrarian policy and proclamations were inspired by a group of intellectuals sometimes called "the commonwealth men". These were highly critical of landlords and left many commoners with the impression that
1467:
Edward's sickness. France, which found the prospect of the Emperor's cousin on the English throne disagreeable, gave indications of support to Northumberland. Since the Duke did not rule out an armed intervention from
5192:
924:
this was still not enough punishment, so Dudley warned them: "Is there no place for pardon? ... What shall we then do? Shall we hold the plough ourselves, play the carters and labour the ground with our own hands?"
1451:
objections to the "devise". The next step was an engagement to perform the King's will after his death, signed in his presence by Northumberland and 23 others. Finally, the King's official "declaration", issued as
1292:
government's direction of Church affairs made the Duke disliked among clerics, whether Reformed or conservative. His relations with them were never worse than when the crisis of Edward's final illness approached.
1094:. These measures proved effective and the country was calm for the rest of the reign. In fact, in the summer of 1552—a year before the succession crisis—the cavalry bands were disbanded to save money.
1344:
John Dudley recovered the post of Lord Admiral immediately after the Protector's fall in October 1549, Thomas Seymour having been executed by his brother in March 1549. Dudley passed on the office to
357:. Dudley took part in the 1544 campaigns in Scotland and France and was one of Henry VIII's intimates in the last years of the reign. He was also a leader of the religious reform party at court.
1498:, whom Northumberland put on the English throne; he reminded his colleagues that "this virtuous lady ... by ... our enticement is rather of force placed therein than by her own seeking and request."
811:
and King Francis. In the Peace of Camp, the French king acknowledged Henry VIII's title as "Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland", a success for both England and her Lord Admiral.
1621:
concentrated on the pious King Edward's achievements and reinvented Somerset as the "good Duke"—it followed that there had also to be a "wicked Duke". This interpretation was enhanced by the
1162:
in private. So soon as he was in power, Dudley put pressure on her to stop her from allowing her entire household and flocks of visitors to attend. Mary, who in her turn did not tolerate the
5222:
1307:
and some historians have condemned the peace as a shameful surrender of English-held territory. A year later it was agreed that King Edward was to have a French bride, the six-year-old
803:, of manoeuvres which might have led to a renewal of hostilities, he suddenly put to sea in a show of English strength, before returning to the negotiating table. He then travelled to
1726:
1704:
was unforgotten: "my poor father's fate who, after his master was gone, suffered death for doing his master's commandments", the Duke wrote to Cecil nine months before his own end.
1479:
wrote of Guildford Dudley as "the new King", while the Emperor instructed his envoys to arrange themselves with the Duke and to discourage Mary from undertaking anything dangerous.
739:, the siege of which had cost the life of his eldest son, Henry. His tasks were to rebuild the fortifications to King Henry's design and to fend off French attacks by sea and land.
4961:
5242:
1408:
1387:
which she had lost in the 1530s. He also kept her informed about Edward's condition. About this time a set of drawn-out marriage negotiations came to conclusion. On 21 May 1553
1564:. The panels of the jury and judges were largely made up of his former colleagues. Dudley hinted that he had acted on the authority of Prince and Council and by warrant of the
1069:
of the king's age ... the dynamics of power at the centre were capable of reshaping themselves because the men around the king accepted that, in the circumstances, they should.
1065:
accept the still powerful political presence of John Dudley and his colleagues. The structures of ... the ... Council and the royal household began to adapt themselves to the
776:
thinking: Squadrons of ships, ordered by size and firepower, were to manoeuvre in formation, using co-ordinated gunfire. These were all new developments in the English navy.
5187:
855:
also embodied the Regency Council that had been appointed to rule collectively during Edward VI's minority. The new Council agreed on making Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford
1119:
landlords much freedom to enclose common land, also distinguished between different forms of enclosure. Landlords guilty of illegal enclosures were increasingly prosecuted.
5042:
413:
who were in close contact with the central authority. Dudley's religious policy was — in accordance with Edward's religion — decidedly Protestant, further enforcing the
5267:
5252:
5227:
5107:
1179:
Appealing to the King's religious tastes, John Dudley became the chief backer of evangelical Protestants among the clergy, promoting several to bishoprics—for example
1475:. After Jane's accession in July the ambassadors of both powers were convinced she would prevail, although they were in no doubt that the common people backed Mary.
134:
5262:
1645:
together". Stability and reconstruction have been made out as the mark of most of his policies; the scale of his motivation ranging from "determined ambition" with
1008:, the working atmosphere being more conciliar and less autocratic than under Somerset. The new Lord President of the Council reshuffled some high offices, becoming
1633:, who saw Somerset as a champion of political liberty whose desire "to do good" was thwarted by, in Pollard's phrase, "the subtlest intriguer in English History".
353:
from 1537 until 1547, during which time he set novel standards of navy organisation and was an innovative commander at sea. He also developed a strong interest in
1224:
by Northumberland's furious intervention during the spring parliament of 1553. On a personal level, though, the Duke was happy to help produce a schoolchildren's
1176:
end a silent compromise came into effect: Mary continued to hear mass in a more private manner, while augmenting her landed property by exchanges with the Crown.
4804:
4794:
1605:
968:
865:
5147:
4758:
1097:
John Dudley also strove to alleviate the social situation. The 1547 "Act for the Punishment of Vagabonds", which had enacted that any unemployed man found
933:
463:
1455:, was signed by 102 notables, among them the whole Privy Council, peers, bishops, judges, and London aldermen. Edward also announced to have it passed in
1024:, which gave Dudley the means to control the Privy Chamber and thus the King's surroundings. This was done via his "special friends" (as he called them),
5197:
5122:
4877:
1546:, biographer of both Queen Mary and John Dudley, concludes that the lack of fighting clouds the fact that this outcome was a close-run affair, and warns
1412:
1017:
681:
432:, from the succession, designating non-existent, hypothetical male heirs. As his death approached, Edward changed his will so that his Protestant cousin
236:
599:, asserted that his uncle had intended him to inherit. Dudley and his wife contested this claim. The parties went to court and Dudley, who had secured
301:
5212:
5177:
5137:
5132:
4933:
4848:
4292:
Hoak, Dale (1980): "Rehabilitating the Duke of Northumberland: Politics and Political Control, 1549–53". In Jennifer Loach and Robert Tittler (eds.):
911:
a pardon on the condition that the peasant army disband at once. This was rejected and the next night Dudley stormed the rebel-held city with a small
896:
824:
1572:. The Duke's execution was planned for 21 August at eight in the morning; however, it was suddenly cancelled. Northumberland was instead escorted to
1420:
5167:
4995:
4468:
4313:
1029:
1766:. He accordingly assumed the bear and the ragged staff, the arms of the medieval Earls of Warwick (Wilson 1981 pp. 1, 3; Adams 2002 pp. 312–313).
5162:
5127:
1416:
772:
functioning and thus made English naval administration the most efficient in Europe. At sea, Dudley's fighting orders were at the forefront of
573:
346:
171:
3331:
Loades 1996 pp. 238–239; Loades 2004 p. 121; Ives 2009 pp. 152–154; Jordan and Gleason 1975 pp. 10–11; Wilson 2005 pp. 214–215; Christmas 1997
959:
Dudley consolidated his power through institutional manoeuvres and by January 1550 was in effect the new regent. On 2 February 1550 he became
4710:
4592:
4548:
4512:
4350:
4286:
4235:
4156:
1832:, Northumberland's brother. Only Guildford was executed, in February 1554, with his wife Lady Jane Grey. The only other people who died were
1731:
4568:
1288:
reveal a concern in him that "the preaching of the gospel" should not lack funds. Still, the confiscation of Church property as well as the
5247:
5035:
4894:
4831:
4777:
1821:
1503:
883:
724:
539:
365:
218:
1240:. But for the King's death, Melanchthon would have come to England—his high travel costs had already been granted by Edward's government.
4821:
1817:
1763:
1345:
208:
5237:
5232:
5202:
4915:
4867:
1759:
1750:
Claims that he was the grandson of a carpenter notwithstanding, John Dudley was of noble ancestry. His paternal great-grandfather was
1101:
was to be branded and given to the "presentor" as a slave, was abolished as too harsh in 1550. In 1552, Northumberland pushed a novel
828:
488:
266:
1522:, having reminded his colleagues of the gravity of the cause, "what chance of variance soever might grow amongst you in my absence".
4695:
4680:
4665:
4628:
4610:
4487:
4456:
4441:
4426:
4408:
4368:
4332:
4301:
4260:
4210:
4171:
4141:
4126:
1430:"My devise for the Succession" by Edward VI. Edward changed his text from "L Janes heires masles" to "L Jane and her heires masles".
1041:
658:
468:
1510:
with 300 men to secure the person of Mary Tudor. Aware of her half-brother's condition, the Princess had only days before moved to
1247:
lay the issue of the Church's wealth, from the confiscation of which the government and its officials had profited ever since the
5207:
5172:
5157:
5087:
4951:
1813:
1400:
964:
203:
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618:
7,000 on the security of the baronial estate. Lord Dudley was unable to pay off any of his creditors, so when the mortgage was
492:
5182:
4735:
1248:
654:
1268:
of his own. However, as it turned out, Durham's entire revenue was allotted to the two successor bishoprics and the nearby
1215:
and the Duke was icy. To prevent the Church from becoming independent of the state, Dudley was against Cranmer's reform of
4903:
4320:
1837:
1751:
1713:
1573:
1468:
960:
611:
401:
124:
668:
In January 1537, Dudley was made Vice-Admiral and began to apply himself to naval matters. He was Master of the Horse to
213:
5277:
4811:
4784:
1233:
1045:
31:
5282:
1426:
1396:
1311:. The threat of war with Scotland was also neutralised, England giving up some isolated garrisons in exchange. In the
728:
4268:"DUDLEY, Sir John (1504/6-53), of Halden, Kent; Dudley Castle, Staffs.; Durham Place, London; Chelsea and Syon, Mdx."
4752:
1353:
1261:
455:
Crown servant: self-serving, inherently loyal to the incumbent monarch, and an able statesman in difficult times.
444:
to capture Mary, he surrendered on hearing that the Privy Council had changed sides and proclaimed Mary as queen.
317:(1504 – 22 August 1553) was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King
5272:
5142:
4601:(1980): "Social Policy and the Constraints of Government, 1547–58". In Jennifer Loach and Robert Tittler (eds.):
394:
345:
at the age of seven. Dudley grew up in Guildford's household together with his future wife, Guildford's daughter
5257:
4536:
1862:
1044:
was still in the Duke of Somerset's service when he gradually shifted his loyalty to John Dudley, who made him
831:, thus clearing the path for a Protestant minority rule. They were seen as the likely leaders of the impending
705:
405:
1692:(which proved fatal in the end). His maximum income of ÂŁ4,300 p.a. from land and a ÂŁ2,000 p.a. from
1187:. The English Reformation went on apace, despite its widespread unpopularity. The 1552 revised edition of the
4267:
4356:
1637:
1565:
1361:
551:
429:
377:
1315:
of June 1551, a joint commission, one of the first of its kind in history, was installed to agree upon the
5217:
5152:
4838:
1211:, he was displeased with the way the government handled their issue. By 1552 the relationship between the
1200:
973:
869:
577:
1708:
long absences from court but did not reduce his high output of paperwork, and may have had an element of
1471:, he came back on the French offer after the King's death, sending a secret and non-committal mission to
4634:
1857:(Loades 1996 pp. 231–233, 239–241; Loades 2003 pp. 79–80; Loades 2004 pp. 68–69, 121–123; Loades 2008);
1833:
1456:
1436:
1269:
1146:
1106:
1025:
712:
677:
661:, in place of his deceased father-in-law, in 1534–1536, and led one of the contingents sent against the
284:
223:
800:
795:
with 500 men aboard. In 1546 John Dudley went to France for peace negotiations. When he suspected the
5117:
5112:
4394:
The Queenmaker: A Portrait of John Dudley, Viscount Lisle, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland
4248:
3484:
MacCulloch 2001 pp. 39–41; Starkey 2001 pp. 112–114; Alford 2002 pp. 171–172; Jordan 1970 pp. 515–516
3358:
Loades 2003 pp. 79–80; Starkey 2001 pp. 111–113; Loades 1996 p. 232; Ives 2009 pp. 142–143; Hoak 2008
1776:
1626:
1237:
1196:
1180:
1168:
852:
780:
701:
581:
519:
484:
342:
330:
947:. Military force near King Edward's presence was unthinkable and, apparently, Dudley and Archbishop
4475:
4119:
Household Accounts and Disbursement Books of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 1558–1561, 1584–1586
1858:
1689:
1650:
1476:
1404:
1349:
1308:
904:
879:
662:
630:
585:
542:, during his first major military experience, the 1523 invasion of France. In 1524 Dudley became a
414:
381:
1662:
5060:
1472:
1325:
1229:
1192:
1004:
808:
785:
752:
689:
543:
4164:
Northumberland: The Political Career of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland
1284:), but there was no further gain for him. Overall, Northumberland's provisions for reorganised
4706:
4691:
4676:
4661:
4624:
4606:
4588:
4544:
4508:
4483:
4452:
4437:
4422:
4404:
4379:
4364:
4346:
4328:
4297:
4282:
4256:
4231:
4206:
4167:
4152:
4137:
4122:
1755:
1365:
1151:
1037:
796:
650:
421:
5052:
4976:
4923:
4555:
4325:
The Last Days of Henry VIII: Conspiracy, Treason and Heresy at the Court of the dying Tyrant
4279:
Of Prelates and Princes: A Study of the Economic and Social Position of the Tudor Episcopate
4216:
1825:
1561:
1388:
1212:
1033:
873:
836:
820:
773:
716:
673:
354:
4751:
4189:
742:
55:
5073:
4984:
4943:
4500:
3493:
Ives 2009 p. 141; MacCulloch 2001 p. 41; Loades 1996 p. 233; Hoak 2008; Wilson 2005 p. 216
1569:
1530:
1369:
1333:
1320:
Warden-General of the Scottish Marches, Northumberland arranged for the building of a new
1316:
1265:
1102:
1087:
1021:
861:
600:
576:, who was four years his junior and his former classmate. The Dudleys belonged to the new
557:
Being "the most skilful of his generation, both on foot and on horseback", he excelled in
535:
531:
410:
361:
128:
4638:
4519:
641:, who was soon to be queen. Dudley took part in the christenings of the King's children,
986:
injuriously upon his conscience as the fraudulent scheme against the Duke of Somerset".
4747:
4646:
4580:
4389:
1866:
1538:
1495:
1452:
1392:
1208:
1159:
1133:
1013:
994:
948:
944:
937:
917:
856:
685:
669:
615:
596:
527:
452:
433:
369:
322:
1260:
lands and Church plate. At the time and since, the break-up and reorganisation of the
5101:
4688:
The Uncrowned Kings of England: The Black History of the Dudleys and the Tudor Throne
4616:
4573:
4560:
4194:
1870:
1829:
1701:
1630:
1622:
1526:
1507:
1444:
1357:
1273:
1252:
1054:
953:
804:
623:
480:
476:
326:
289:
261:
920:
which executed many rebels, perhaps up to 300. For the enraged and humiliated local
684:
but was soon promoted to the House of Lords following 12 March 1542, when he became
4884:
4857:
4414:
1854:
1800:
1709:
1610:
1600:
1543:
1312:
1009:
929:
876:
Dudley led the vanguard, being "one of the key architects of the English victory".
747:
720:
697:
547:
508:
500:
373:
350:
114:
4041:
Loades 1996 pp. 269–270; Ives 2009 pp. 122–123, 124; Jordan and Gleason 1975 p. 12
1491:
3861:
Loades 1996 p. 192; Jordan and Gleason 1975 pp. 9–10, 12; Jordan 1970 pp. 531–532
1674:
1511:
1277:
1124:
1061:
It is possible to endorse Edward's developing grasp of the business of kingship
908:
642:
638:
441:
425:
228:
4528:
1228:
in Latin and English. In June 1553 he backed the Privy Council's invitation of
4598:
4361:
Edward VI: The Threshold of Power. The Dominance of the Duke of Northumberland
1849:
For example: Stephen Alford (Alford 2002 pp. 171–174); Dale Hoak (Hoak 2004);
1646:
1618:
1440:
1244:
1184:
1128:
1090:
that represented the central government and were to keep ready small bands of
1002:
Instead of taking the title of Lord Protector, John Dudley set out to rule as
864:. The new Earl had to pass on his post of Lord Admiral to Somerset's brother,
816:
769:
765:
619:
566:
515:
504:
338:
334:
103:
4463:
4308:
768:, which for the first time co-ordinated the various tasks of maintaining the
149:
136:
4741:
4338:
1850:
1693:
1614:
1577:
1519:
1515:
1502:
Edward VI died on 6 July 1553. The next morning Northumberland sent his son
1321:
1281:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1204:
1098:
912:
891:
791:
646:
604:
592:
558:
496:
318:
279:
43:
2884:
Ives 2009 p. 7; Loades 1996 pp. 248–251; Loach 2002 p. 113; Hoak 1980 p. 42
1790:
adult sons to succeed him (Ives 2009 pp. 137–139; Alford 2002 pp. 172–173).
1364:
in 1551 and 1552 were actually realised. A planned voyage to China via the
1114:
soaring food prices. Dudley tried to intervene against the malpractices of
420:
The 15-year-old King fell ill in early 1553 and excluded his half-sisters,
17:
779:
In 1545, he directed the fleet's operations before, during, and after the
349:, with whom he was to have 13 children. Dudley served as Vice-Admiral and
5010:
1285:
1172:
1115:
941:
848:
736:
732:
4241:
Gunn, S.J. (1999): "A Letter of Jane, Duchess of Northumberland, 1553".
4032:
Loades 1996 pp. 269–270; Hoak 1980 p. 45; Jordan and Gleason 1975 p. 57
1257:
1091:
978:
900:
693:
562:
448:
4738:
VIII. Succession of John Dudley and his building the Renaissance Range
4376:
The Saying of John Late Duke of Northumberland Upon the Scaffold, 1553
4086:
Ives 2009 pp. 105–106, 307; Loades 2008; Gunn 1999 pp. 1268, 1270–1271
649:
and, in connection with the announcement of the Prince's birth to the
4673:
Sweet Robin: A Biography of Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester 1533–1588
4493:
MacCulloch, Diarmaid. "Parliament and the Reformation of Edward VI."
4472:. Online edn. Oct 2008 (subscription required). Retrieved 2010-04-04.
4317:. Online edn. Jan 2008 (subscription required). Retrieved 2010-04-04.
1110:
1083:
1080:
982:
921:
832:
727:, was supported by a fleet which Dudley commanded. Dudley joined the
634:
389:
86:
4383:
1079:
unrest. He returned to the ancient practice of granting licences to
835:—"there are no other nobles of a fit age and ability for the task",
692:, Henry VIII's uncle, and "by the right of his mother". Being now a
3385:
Loades 2004 p. 121; Ives 2009 p. 150; Alford 2002 p. 172; Hoak 2008
1873:(Starkey 2001 pp. 112–114); Derek Wilson (Wilson 2005 pp. 215–221).
580:
circles of the early 1530s, and their 13 children were educated in
526:
At about age 15 John Dudley probably went with his guardian to the
3703:
Tytler 1839 pp. 225–226; Ives 2009 p. 96; Loades 1996 pp. 266, 271
1661:
1490:
1460:
1439:, or still other members of the Privy Chamber like Edward's tutor
1425:
1303:
1289:
1049:
King because Edward worked closely with the secretaries of state.
993:
878:
750:
John Dudley, Viscount Lisle welcomed King Henry VIII on board the
741:
462:
4245:. Vol. CXIV No. 460. November 1999. pp. 1267–1271.
1799:
It was said that "his men forsook him", as the London chronicler
1280:
of the new "King's County Palatine" in the North (worth ÂŁ50
839:, the former Imperial ambassador, commented from his retirement.
4182:
1667:
467:
Garter-encircled Arms of John Dudley as Duke of Northumberland (
27:
English nobleman, politician, and military commander (1504–1553)
4569:"Edward VI and Mary Tudor: Protestant King and Catholic Sister"
3969:
Chapman 1962 p. 166; Jordan and Gleason 1975 p. 58; Loades 2008
3502:
Starkey 2001 p. 111; Beer 1973 pp. 147–148; Loades 1996 pp. 238
2692:
Beer 1973 pp. 124–125; Loades 2004 p. 89; MacCulloch 2001 p. 53
653:, travelled to Spain via France in October 1537. He sat in the
569:
of the royal court, as a French report stated as late as 1546.
1697:
952:
appoint additional Reformed-minded members to the Council and
436:, Northumberland's daughter-in-law, could inherit the Crown.
4651:
Wicked Women of Tudor England: Queens, Aristocrats, Commoners
1264:
has been interpreted as Dudley's attempt to create himself a
5193:
People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
380:. During the country-wide uprisings of 1549 Dudley put down
3825:
Loades 1996 pp. vii–viii; Jordan and Gleason 1975 pp. 54–55
3081:
3079:
2901:
2899:
2790:
2788:
2307:
Loades 1996 pp. 107–108; Loades 2004 pp. 44–45; Loades 2008
595:. His only son having predeceased him, Guildford's nephew,
4703:
The 1549 Rebellions and the Making of Early Modern England
4095:
Hoak 1980 p. 40; Alford 2002 p. 140; Ives 2009 pp. 124–125
3906:
MacCulloch 2001 p. 55; Alford 2002 p. 170; Hoak 1980 p. 50
622:
in the late 1530s Sir John Dudley came into possession of
417:
and promoting radical reformers to high Church positions.
321:
from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install
1840:, on the same day as the Duke (Loades 1996 pp. 270, 271).
764:
As Lord Admiral, Dudley was responsible for creating the
325:
on the English throne after the King's death. The son of
3520:
Loades 1996 p. 241; Loades 2008; Jordan 1970 pp. 531–532
2169:
Beer 1973 p. 36; Loades 1996 pp. 78–80; Ives 2009 p. 103
1525:
Supported by gentry and nobility in East Anglia and the
4134:
Leicester and the Court: Essays in Elizabethan Politics
2351:
2349:
1865:(Porter 2007 p. 188); Judith Richards (Richards 2007);
1780:
and unable to inherit by common law (Ives 2009 p. 143).
1727:
Attainder of Duke of Northumberland and others Act 1553
1207:. Despite these being cherished projects of Archbishop
4480:
The Boy King: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation
3834:
MacCulloch 2001 p. 42; Loades 1996 p. 192; Loades 2008
3731:
3729:
3727:
3582:
3580:
3309:
3307:
3024:
3022:
1020:. The office of Grand Master entailed supervising the
807:, where the English delegates were entertained by the
4742:
Duke of Northumberland at The Internet Movie Database
1717:
him, would have considered him worthy of a kingdom."
511:
for his predecessor's unpopular financial policies.
4050:
Ives 2009 pp. 120–123; Jordan and Gleason 1975 p. 57
2998:
MacCulloch 2001 pp. 101–102; Loades 1996 pp. 218–219
2120:
2118:
2276:
2274:
1243:At the heart of Northumberland's problems with the
530:to serve there for the next years. He took part in
296:
275:
254:
190:
165:
120:
110:
93:
76:
71:
41:
4464:"Dudley, John, duke of Northumberland (1504–1553)"
2950:Loades 2004 p. 76; Jordan and Gleason 1975 pp. 4–5
546:, and from 1534 he was responsible for the King's
4762:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 788–789.
4725:"Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland (DDLY551J)"
4505:The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–1551
4104:Nichols 1857 pp. ccxxii, ccxxiv; Ives 2009 p. 104
3978:Beer 1973 p. 158; Loades 1996 p. 268; Ives p. 309
3511:Loades 1996 pp. 240–241; Jordan 1970 pp. 511, 517
3394:Alford 2002 p. 172; Loades 2004 p. 122; Hoak 2008
1976:
1974:
5223:People executed by Tudor England by decapitation
4577:. Issue 59. December 2007. Retrieved 2010-12-23.
4449:Intrigue and Treason: The Tudor Court, 1547–1558
1992:MacCulloch 2001 pp. 52–53; Ives 2009 pp. 114–115
1391:, Northumberland's second youngest son, married
731:, after he had blown the main gate apart with a
629:Dudley was present at Henry VIII's meeting with
534:'s diplomatic voyages of 1521 and 1527, and was
503:in 1510, having been arrested immediately after
4640:England under the Reigns of Edward VI. and Mary
4149:Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI
4023:Loades 1996 pp. 222–223; 97–98; Hoak 1980 p. 46
3942:Ives 2009 p. 118; Jordan and Gleason 1975 p. 56
2985:
2983:
1804:himself if he had chosen."(Loades 2004 p. 127).
1680:
1583:
1548:
1150:became law in 1549. King Edward's half-sister,
1059:
1012:himself and giving Somerset's former office of
899:had been unable to restore order in and around
4564:Issue 44. December 2002. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
3121:Loades 1996 pp. 154–155; MacCulloch 2001 p. 55
3037:Loades 1996 pp. 176–177; Heal 1980 pp. 141–142
2205:Loades 1996 pp. 82–85; MacCulloch 2001 pp. 7–8
2076:Loades 1996 pp. 34–36, viii; Wilson 1981 p. 20
1560:Northumberland was tried on 18 August 1553 in
1415:, Guildford's younger sister, was promised to
843:From Earl of Warwick to Duke of Northumberland
823:in July 1546. Dudley and the Queen's brother,
4419:John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland 1504–1553
4198:. Issue 27. March 1997. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
3157:Merriman 2000 pp. 373–376; Loades 1996 p. 221
2196:Hutchinson 2006 p. 181; Loades 1996 pp. 81–82
1988:
1986:
1754:. On his mother's side he descended from the
1127:. He set up a committee that looked into the
637:in 1532. Another member of the entourage was
572:In 1525, Dudley married Guildford's daughter
8:
5243:Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula
4753:"Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of"
2719:Alford 2002 pp. 142, 148; Loades 1996 p. 202
2413:Loades 2004 pp. 48–50; MacCulloch 2001 p. 51
2001:Wilson 1981 pp. 11, 15–16; French 2002 p. 33
819:, the Protestant martyr destroyed by Bishop
735:. In late 1544 he was appointed Governor of
514:In 1512, the seven-year-old John became the
475:John Dudley was the eldest of three sons of
4228:John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus
2665:Loades 2004 p. 88; Loades 1996 pp. 173, 193
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
1395:, the fervently Protestant daughter of the
783:and entertained King Henry on the flagship
5188:Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
4766:
4077:Ives 2009 pp. 104–105; Hoak 1980 pp. 44–45
3816:Ives 2009 p. 154 (square brackets by Ives)
3547:Loades 1996 pp. 257–258; Loach 2002 p. 170
3403:Ives 2009 pp. 145, 148; Loades 1996 p. 241
3367:Ives 2009 pp. 139–140; Starkey 2001 p. 113
3046:MacCulloch 2001 p. 154; Loades 1996 p. 255
3016:Loades 1996 p. 254; MacCulloch 2001 p. 170
2968:MacCulloch 2001 p. 101; Loades 1996 p. 254
2656:Loades 2004 p. 88; Loades 1996 pp. 201–203
2575:Ives 2009 p. 109; Loades 1996 pp. 189, 190
2440:Loades 2004 pp. 84–85; Hoak 1980 pp. 36–37
1018:William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester
440:well for this occasion. Having marched to
237:Katherine Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon
54:
38:
5043:Chancellor of the University of Cambridge
4530:Literary Remains of King Edward the Sixth
3712:Loades 1996 pp. 267–268; Ives 2009 p. 184
3622:Chapman 1962 p. 149; Ives 2009 p. 241–242
3421:Ives 2009 pp. 160–161; Alford 2002 p. 172
3301:Loades 1996 pp. 238–239; Adams 1995 p. 44
2593:Loades 1996 p. 182; MacCulloch 2001 p. 55
1403:, a grandniece of Henry VIII. Her sister
903:, so John Dudley was sent to get hold of
507:'s accession because the new king needed
3640:Ives 2009 pp. 243–244; Nichols 1850 p. 7
3613:Loades 2004 p. 127; Ives 2009 p. 241–242
3604:Ives 2009 pp. 209–212; Loach 2002 p. 172
3349:Ives 2009 pp. 137–139; Loades 2004 p. 68
2893:Loades 1996 pp. 158–159; Ives 2009 p. 88
2830:Loades 1996 pp. 169–170; Hoak 1980 p. 30
2647:Hoak 1980 p. 40; Alford 2002 pp. 139–141
30:For other people named John Dudley, see
5268:Members of the Privy Council of England
5253:English politicians convicted of crimes
5228:People executed under Mary I of England
5108:John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
4469:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4314:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3879:Hoak 1980 p. 49; Beer 1973 pp. 148, 164
3073:MacCulloch 2001 p. 55; Heal 1980 p. 147
2755:Ives 2009 pp. 111–112, 308; Loades 2008
2343:Chapman 1962 p. 63; Wood 2007 pp. 72–73
1891:
1743:
789:. A tragic loss was the sinking of the
372:, distinguished himself in the renewed
315:John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
5263:Peers of England created by Henry VIII
4374:Jordan, W.K. and M.R. Gleason (1975):
4296:. pp. 29–51, 201–203. Macmillan.
3430:Ives 2009 pp. 165–166; Hoak 1980 p. 49
2467:Hoak 1980 pp. 36–39; Loades 2004 p. 88
2449:MacCulloch 2001 p. 95; Hoak 1980 p. 36
2151:Beer 1973 p. 32; Loades 1996 pp. 69–71
2054:
2052:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
2010:Loades 1996 pp. 30–32; Beer 1973 p. 8
1732:Cultural depictions of Lady Jane Grey
1649:in 1977 to "idealism of a sort" with
704:in 1543; he was also admitted to the
7:
3888:Hoak 1980 p. 50; Loades 1996 p. viii
3667:Alford 2002 p. 8; Loades 1996 p. 257
3448:Loades 1996 p. 240; Ives 2009 p. 151
3376:Ives 2009 p. 145; Loades 1996 p. 239
3112:Loades 1996 pp. 169–170; Loades 2008
2584:Hoak 1980 p. 203; Loades 2004 p. 110
2566:Loades 2004 pp. 110–111; Loades 2008
2214:Rathbone 2002; Loades 1996 pp. 82–85
2085:Ives 2009 p. 99; Warnicke 2012 p. 64
1828:were all condemned to death, as was
1032:. Dudley also placed his son-in-law
715:in 1542, he served as Warden of the
540:Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
219:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
125:Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula
4658:The Later Tudors: England 1547–1603
4585:Edward VI: The Lost King of England
4221:Bloody Mary: The Life of Mary Tudor
4166:. The Kent State University Press.
3960:Adams 2002 p. 133; Ives 2009 p. 118
3933:Hoak 1980 p. 51; Dawson 1993 p. 243
3265:Ives 2009 p. 11; Loades 1996 p. 237
2932:Loades 2004 p. 102; Ives 2009 p. 92
2539:Loades 1996 p. 182; Hoak 1980 p. 46
2503:Hoak 1980 p. 48; Loades 2004 p. 110
2494:Hoak 1980 p. 39; Loades 1996 p. 186
1914:Loades 2008; Adams 2002 pp. 312–313
1764:John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
729:land force that destroyed Edinburgh
209:Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick
5148:English people of the Rough Wooing
3807:Loades 1996 p. 267; Ives 2009 p. 3
2959:MacCulloch 2001 p. 56; Loades 2008
2794:Slack 1980 p. 103; Guy 1990 p. 221
2404:Beer 1973 p. 88; Loades 2004 p. 48
2178:Wilson 1981 p. 22; Beer 1973 p. 36
1853:(Ives 2009 pp. 136–142, 145–148);
1760:Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick
1199:, issued in June 1553, proclaimed
688:after the death of his stepfather
591:Sir Edward Guildford died in 1534
267:Elizabeth Grey, 6th Baroness Lisle
25:
5198:Executions at the Tower of London
5123:16th-century Royal Navy personnel
4603:The Mid-Tudor Polity c. 1540–1560
4294:The Mid-Tudor Polity c. 1540–1560
3780:Jordan and Gleason 1975 pp. 45–47
2821:Loades 1996 p. 150; Rathbone 2002
1407:was matched with the heir of the
5213:Prisoners in the Tower of London
5178:Earls of Warwick (1547 creation)
5138:Lord-lieutenants of Warwickshire
5133:16th-century English politicians
4736:The Archaeology of Dudley Castle
4643:. Vol. II. Richard Bentley.
4272:The History of Parliament Online
2259:Beer 1973 pp. 58–60; Loades 2008
1537:Northumberland rode through the
1459:in September, and the necessary
1158:had licence to continue hearing
884:Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset
725:Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford
300:
204:John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick
4343:Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery
4136:. Manchester University Press.
3870:Beer 1973 p. 149; Rathbone 2002
1613:lines. Protestant writers like
825:William Parr, 1st Earl of Essex
493:Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Lisle
180:
5168:Lord Presidents of the Council
4705:. Cambridge University Press.
4605:. pp. 94–115. Macmillan.
4533:. Vol. I. Roxburghe Club.
4281:. Cambridge University Press.
4151:. Cambridge University Press.
4121:. Cambridge University Press.
2941:Ives 2009 p. 93; Richards 2007
2764:Loades 2004 p. 98; Loades 2008
1712:in them. The English diplomat
1249:Dissolution of the Monasteries
676:, and in 1542 returned to the
1:
5163:Lord high admirals of England
5128:16th-century English nobility
4904:Lord President of the Council
4885:Grand Master of the Household
4587:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
3987:Loades 1996 pp. 196, 198, 199
3789:Ives 2009 p. 109; Loades 2008
2557:Loades 1996 pp. 183, 184, 188
1869:(Skidmore 2007 pp. 247–250);
1861:(MacCulloch 2001 pp. 39–41);
1752:John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley
1576:, where he took the Catholic
1010:Grand Master of the Household
961:Lord President of the Council
612:John Sutton, 3rd Baron Dudley
610:In 1532, he lent his cousin,
404:, Dudley headed a distinctly
402:Lord President of the Council
61:
4527:Nichols, J.G. (ed.) (1857):
4518:Nichols, J.G. (ed.) (1850):
4363:. George Allen & Unwin.
4205:. Thomas Nelson & Sons.
4014:Loades 1996 pp. 285–286, 258
3247:Loades 1996 pp. 245–247, 238
3184:Loades 1996 pp. 203, 241–244
3175:Loades 1996 pp. 203, 241–242
2848:Loades 1996 pp. 162, 227–229
2683:Alford 2002 pp. 163–166, 168
1959:Loades 1996 pp. 20–22, 24–25
1234:Regius Professor of Divinity
1203:and denied the existence of
1171:, so an embassy was sent to
967:married Somerset's daughter
459:Career under Henry VIII
360:In 1547, Dudley was created
32:John Dudley (disambiguation)
5248:Lords Warden of the Marches
4849:The Marquess of Northampton
4805:The Lord Seymour of Sudeley
4795:The Lord Seymour of Sudeley
4729:A Cambridge Alumni Database
4660:. Oxford University Press.
4541:Mary Tudor: The First Queen
4521:The Chronicle of Queen Jane
4203:The Tudor Century 1485–1603
4188:Christmas, Matthew (1997):
4117:Adams, Simon (ed.) (1995):
1518:with 1,500 troops and some
998:King Edward VI c. 1550
928:The Lord Protector, in his
552:Master of the Tower Armoury
5299:
4731:. University of Cambridge.
3064:Heal 1980 pp. 145–146; 149
2476:Loades 2004 pp. 87–88, 104
1313:peace treaty with Scotland
1262:Prince-Bishopric of Durham
1109:which provided for weekly
1074:Social and economic policy
469:SVG version available here
48:The Duke of Northumberland
29:
5203:Executed military leaders
5084:
5071:
5066:
5059:
5049:
5040:
5032:
5027:
5017:
5007:
5002:
4992:
4981:
4973:
4968:
4958:
4948:
4940:
4930:
4920:
4912:
4901:
4891:
4882:
4874:
4864:
4855:
4845:
4836:
4828:
4818:
4809:
4801:
4791:
4782:
4774:
4769:
4748:Pollard, Albert Frederick
4621:Elizabeth: Apprenticeship
4567:Richards, Judith (2007):
4403:. Yale University Press.
4396:. Williams & Norgate.
4266:Hawkyard, A.D.K. (1982):
4243:English Historical Review
2355:MacCulloch 2001 pp. 50–51
2241:Alford 2002 pp. 29, 69–70
2067:Loades 1996 pp. 31, 33–34
1666:John Dudley, 1540s, with
1191:rejected the doctrine of
766:Council for Marine Causes
395:Dukedom of Northumberland
337:, John Dudley became the
308:
53:
5053:The Bishop of Winchester
4656:Williams, Penry (1998):
4399:Loach, Jennifer (2002):
4177:Chapman, Hester (1962):
4147:Alford, Stephen (2002):
3649:Chapman 1962 pp. 150–151
3055:Loades 1996 pp. 198, 302
1399:and, through her mother
1356:in 1551. Expeditions to
1219:. He recruited the Scot
1086:followers and installed
723:the English force under
711:In the aftermath of the
409:local basis, appointing
229:Mary Dudley, Lady Sidney
111:Cause of death
5208:Executed English people
5173:Dukes of Northumberland
5158:Lord Great Chamberlains
4759:Encyclopædia Britannica
4554:Rathbone, Mark (2002):
4436:. Hambledon Continuum.
4309:"Edward VI (1537–1553)"
4277:Heal, Felicity (1980):
4274:. Retrieved 2014-02-28.
4005:Loades 1996 pp. ix, 285
3685:Loades 1996 pp. 264–265
3574:Loades 1996 pp. 258–261
3556:Loades 1996 pp. 258–259
3466:Loades 1996 pp. 256–257
3457:Loades 1996 pp. 262–263
3340:Alford 2002 pp. 171–172
3274:Loades 1996 pp. 237–238
3166:Loades 1996 pp. 203–206
3103:Loades 1996 pp. 169–170
3085:Loades 1996 pp. 254–255
2905:Loades 1996 pp. 158–159
2875:Loades 1996 pp. 211–213
2857:Loades 1996 pp. 170–171
2548:Loades 1996 pp. 180–181
2530:Loades 2004 pp. 108–109
2512:Loades 1996 pp. 168–169
2458:Loades 1996 pp. 144–145
1623:High and Late Victorian
1445:Secretary William Petre
1382:Changing the succession
897:Marquess of Northampton
378:Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
4952:Council in the Marches
4839:Lord Great Chamberlain
4690:. Carroll & Graf.
4686:Wilson, Derek (2005):
4671:Wilson, Derek (1981):
4462:Loades, David (2008):
4447:Loades, David (2004):
4432:Loades, David (2003):
4226:French, Peter (2002):
3538:Ives 2009 pp. 202, 325
3412:Ives 2009 pp. 105, 148
2803:Slack 1980 pp. 105–106
2232:Hutchinson 2006 p. 213
2142:Loades 1996 pp. 71, 85
1685:
1670:
1636:As late as 1968/1970,
1587:
1553:
1499:
1431:
1276:. Dudley received the
1201:justification by faith
1071:
999:
974:Duke of Northumberland
886:
870:Lord Great Chamberlain
761:
655:Reformation parliament
593:without a written will
487:, and his second wife
472:
428:, whom he regarded as
5238:English MPs 1542–1544
5233:English MPs 1529–1536
5183:Knights of the Garter
4497:34.3 (2015): 383–400.
4495:Parliamentary History
4255:. Oxford Paperbacks.
4132:Adams, Simon (2002):
4059:Ives 2009 pp. 123–124
3924:MacCulloch 2001 p. 55
3852:MacCulloch 2001 p. 42
3843:Alford 2002 pp. 20–21
3798:Ives 2009 pp. 107–109
2977:Ives 2009 pp. 115–116
2431:Loades 2004 pp. 84–85
2395:Loades 2004 pp. 47–48
2386:Alford 2002 pp. 71–72
2250:Loades 1996 pp. 88–90
2112:Ives 2009 pp. 100–101
2019:Loades 1996 pp. 27–28
1665:
1595:Historical reputation
1494:
1429:
1189:Book of Common Prayer
1164:Book of Common Prayer
1147:Book of Common Prayer
997:
882:
745:
713:Battle of Solway Moss
466:
224:Lord Guildford Dudley
60:Posthumous portrait,
5036:The Duke of Somerset
4977:Sir Edward Guildford
4832:The Duke of Somerset
4778:The Earl of Hertford
4476:MacCulloch, Diarmaid
4201:Dawson, Ian (1993):
3139:Merriman 2000 p. 377
2289:Merriman 2000 p. 353
1923:Loades 1996 pp. 7–11
1777:Third Succession Act
1627:James Anthony Froude
1346:Edward, Lord Clinton
1238:Cambridge University
1169:Habsburg Netherlands
781:Battle of the Solent
702:Knight of the Garter
582:Renaissance humanism
520:Sir Edward Guildford
355:overseas exploration
343:Sir Edward Guildford
150:51.50861°N 0.07694°W
5278:Court of Henry VIII
4962:Sir William Herbert
4922:Lord Warden of the
4916:The Earl of Rutland
4895:The Earl of Arundel
4868:The Duke of Norfolk
4701:Wood, Andy (2007):
4675:. Hamish Hamilton.
4451:. Pearson/Longman.
4421:. Clarendon Press.
4378:. Harvard Library.
4307:Hoak, Dale (2008):
4162:Beer, B.L. (1973):
3762:Chapman 1962 p. 169
3694:Ives 2009 pp. 96–97
3475:Chapman 1962 p. 121
2914:Starkey 2001 p. 105
2812:Williams 1998 p. 68
2782:Williams 1998 p. 67
2737:Hoak 1980 pp. 29–30
1859:Diarmaid MacCulloch
1775:Henry VIII, in his
1651:Diarmaid MacCulloch
1574:St Peter ad Vincula
1556:Trial and execution
1477:Antoine de Noailles
1309:Elisabeth of Valois
981:, but convicted of
934:Earl of Southampton
756:, popularly called
663:Pilgrimage of Grace
631:Francis I of France
415:English Reformation
146: /
5283:Court of Edward VI
5061:Peerage of England
4770:Political offices
4321:Hutchinson, Robert
3996:Tytler 1839 p. 148
3915:Dawson 1993 p. 253
3897:Loades 1996 p. vii
3771:Loades 1996 p. 270
3753:Loades 1996 p. 269
3735:Loades 1996 p. 268
3676:Loades 1996 p. 265
3586:Loades 1996 p. 261
3313:Loades 1996 p. 239
3292:Loades 1996 p. 237
3256:Loades 1996 p. 247
3229:Loades 1996 p. 245
3220:Loades 1996 p. 244
3211:Loades 1996 p. 210
3148:Loades 1996 p. 209
3130:Loades 1996 p. 166
3094:Loades 1996 p. 170
3028:Loades 1996 p. 176
3007:Alford 2002 p. 139
2923:Loades 2004 p. 101
2866:Loades 1996 p. 171
2746:Loades 1996 p. 145
2728:Alford 2002 p. 159
2710:Loades 1996 p. 234
2674:Loades 1996 p. 193
2638:Alford 2002 p. 140
2602:Loades 1996 p. 149
2521:Alford 2002 p. 170
2316:Loades 1996 p. 118
2298:Loades 1996 p. 107
2268:Loades 1996 p. 100
1671:
1500:
1432:
1421:Earl of Huntingdon
1326:Berwick-upon-Tweed
1230:Philip Melanchthon
1197:Forty-two Articles
1193:transubstantiation
1046:Secretary of State
1005:primus inter pares
1000:
887:
868:, but advanced to
801:Claude d'Annebault
786:Henri Grace a Dieu
762:
753:Henri Grace a Dieu
690:Arthur Plantagenet
544:Knight of the Body
473:
155:51.50861; -0.07694
5094:
5093:
5085:Succeeded by
5050:Succeeded by
5028:Academic offices
5021:The Lord Poynings
5018:Succeeded by
4993:Succeeded by
4969:Military offices
4959:Succeeded by
4950:President of the
4931:Succeeded by
4892:Succeeded by
4865:Succeeded by
4846:Succeeded by
4819:Succeeded by
4812:Lord High Admiral
4792:Succeeded by
4785:Lord High Admiral
4711:978-0-521-83206-9
4593:978-0-297-84649-9
4549:978-0-7499-5144-3
4524:. Camden Society.
4513:978-1-86232-090-1
4351:978-1-4051-9413-6
4345:Wiley-Blackwell.
4287:978-0-521-08761-2
4236:978-0-7448-0079-1
4217:Erickson, Carolly
4181:. Jonathan Cape.
4157:978-0-521-03971-0
3202:Alford 2002 p. 97
3193:Wilson 1981 p. 41
2422:Loades 2004 p. 50
2187:Loades 1996 p. 79
2160:Loades 1996 p. 77
2124:Wilson 1981 p. 22
2094:Loades 1996 p. 48
2046:Loades 1996 p. 36
2037:Beer 1973 pp. 8–9
2028:Loades 1996 p. 28
1968:Loades 1996 p. 22
1950:Loades 1996 p. 20
1941:Loades 1996 p. 18
1932:Loades 1996 p. 17
1838:Sir Thomas Palmer
1830:Sir Andrew Dudley
1756:Hundred Years War
1366:Northeast Passage
1340:Overseas interest
1038:Sir Andrew Dudley
1030:Lord Thomas Darcy
977:was acquitted of
907:. Dudley offered
853:Henry VIII's will
797:Admiral of France
607:, won the case.
499:and executed for
495:. His father was
397:in October 1551.
312:
311:
241:Temperance Dudley
106:, London, England
101:(aged 48–49)
16:(Redirected from
5290:
5273:Knights Bachelor
5143:English generals
5033:Preceded by
4996:Sir Thomas Darcy
4974:Preceded by
4941:Preceded by
4924:Scottish Marches
4913:Preceded by
4878:The Lord St John
4875:Preceded by
4829:Preceded by
4822:The Lord Clinton
4802:Preceded by
4775:Preceded by
4767:
4763:
4755:
4732:
4556:"Northumberland"
4507:Tuckwell Press.
4501:Merriman, Marcus
4105:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4069:
4068:Ives 2009 p. 122
4066:
4060:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3951:Ives 2009 p. 115
3949:
3943:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3898:
3895:
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3823:
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3808:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3745:
3744:Ives 2009 p. 119
3742:
3736:
3733:
3722:
3721:Ives 2009 p. 117
3719:
3713:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3659:
3658:Alford 2002 p. 7
3656:
3650:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3631:Ives 2009 p. 242
3629:
3623:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3595:Ives 2009 p. 198
3593:
3587:
3584:
3575:
3572:
3566:
3565:Ives 2009 p. 187
3563:
3557:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3529:Ives 2009 p. 216
3527:
3521:
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3401:
3395:
3392:
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3374:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3323:
3322:Ives 2009 p. 152
3320:
3314:
3311:
3302:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3238:Beer 1973 p. 193
3236:
3230:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3146:
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3122:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3095:
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3086:
3083:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3017:
3014:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2989:Ives 2009 p. 116
2987:
2978:
2975:
2969:
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2891:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2839:Ives 2009 p. 132
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2783:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2701:Ives 2009 p. 133
2699:
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2531:
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2522:
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2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:Ives 2009 p. 111
2483:
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2387:
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2353:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2332:
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2325:Ives 2009 p. 102
2323:
2317:
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2287:
2281:
2280:Ives 2009 p. 104
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2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2133:Ives 2009 p. 101
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2125:
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2110:
2104:
2103:Ives 2009 p. 103
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2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1981:
1978:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1874:
1847:
1841:
1826:Guildford Dudley
1811:
1805:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1748:
1714:Richard Morrison
1562:Westminster Hall
1409:Earl of Pembroke
1389:Guildford Dudley
1140:Religious policy
1088:lord-lieutenants
1036:and his brother
1034:Sir Henry Sidney
905:Kett's Rebellion
874:Battle of Pinkie
837:Eustache Chapuys
821:Stephen Gardiner
717:Scottish Marches
696:, Dudley became
678:House of Commons
674:Catherine Howard
411:lord-lieutenants
382:Kett's Rebellion
366:Duke of Somerset
329:, a minister of
304:
247:Katherine Dudley
197:Sir Henry Dudley
184:
182:
161:
160:
158:
157:
156:
151:
147:
144:
143:
142:
139:
100:
72:Personal details
66:
63:
58:
39:
21:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5258:Viscounts Lisle
5098:
5097:
5090:
5081:
5077:
5074:Earl of Warwick
5055:
5046:
5038:
5023:
5014:
4998:
4989:
4979:
4964:
4955:
4946:
4944:Richard Sampson
4936:
4927:
4918:
4907:
4897:
4888:
4880:
4870:
4861:
4851:
4842:
4834:
4824:
4815:
4807:
4797:
4788:
4780:
4746:
4723:
4720:
4647:Warnicke, R. M.
4581:Skidmore, Chris
4390:Lindsay, Philip
4114:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
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3946:
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3937:
3932:
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3797:
3793:
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3779:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3675:
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3666:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3648:
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3630:
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3612:
3608:
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3599:
3594:
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3560:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3537:
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3528:
3524:
3519:
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3506:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:Ives 2009 p. 94
3282:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
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2897:
2892:
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2883:
2879:
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2856:
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2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:Hoak 1980 p. 42
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:Hoak 1980 p. 44
2619:
2615:
2611:Hoak 1980 p. 38
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2547:
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2538:
2534:
2529:
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2511:
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2498:
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2444:
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2430:
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2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2359:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:Wood 2007 p. 72
2333:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2223:Beer 1973 p. 41
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2159:
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2128:
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2107:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2084:
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2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1980:Ives 2009 p. 99
1979:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1848:
1844:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1770:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1723:
1660:
1597:
1592:
1570:Lord Chancellor
1558:
1531:Bury St Edmunds
1489:
1463:were prepared.
1401:Frances Brandon
1397:Duke of Suffolk
1384:
1379:
1370:Hugh Willoughby
1354:Sebastian Cabot
1342:
1299:
1266:county palatine
1144:The use of the
1142:
1076:
1040:near the King.
1022:Royal Household
992:
938:Earl of Arundel
862:Earl of Warwick
845:
829:House of Howard
665:in late 1536.
601:Thomas Cromwell
532:Cardinal Wolsey
461:
362:Earl of Warwick
292:, West Midlands
288:
283:
271:
250:
244:Margaret Dudley
186:
183: 1525)
178:
174:
154:
152:
148:
145:
140:
137:
135:
133:
132:
131:
129:Tower of London
102:
98:
85:
83:
82:
67:
64:
49:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5296:
5294:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5083:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5048:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5016:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4991:
4983:Master of the
4980:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4957:
4947:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4929:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4890:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4863:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4844:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4817:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4790:
4781:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4719:
4718:External links
4716:
4715:
4714:
4699:
4684:
4669:
4654:
4644:
4632:
4617:Starkey, David
4614:
4596:
4578:
4574:History Review
4565:
4561:History Review
4552:
4534:
4525:
4516:
4498:
4491:
4473:
4460:
4445:
4430:
4412:
4397:
4387:
4372:
4354:
4336:
4318:
4305:
4290:
4275:
4264:
4246:
4239:
4224:
4214:
4199:
4195:History Review
4186:
4179:Lady Jane Grey
4175:
4160:
4145:
4130:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4097:
4088:
4079:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4043:
4034:
4025:
4016:
4007:
3998:
3989:
3980:
3971:
3962:
3953:
3944:
3935:
3926:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3764:
3755:
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3687:
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3660:
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3642:
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3606:
3597:
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3204:
3195:
3186:
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3009:
3000:
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2979:
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2805:
2796:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2629:Christmas 1997
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
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2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
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2388:
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2345:
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2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
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2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1867:Chris Skidmore
1842:
1834:Sir John Gates
1806:
1792:
1782:
1768:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1673:John Dudley's
1668:wand of office
1659:
1656:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1557:
1554:
1539:City of London
1496:Lady Jane Grey
1488:
1485:
1453:letters patent
1447:, is unclear.
1419:, heir of the
1417:Henry Hastings
1411:, and another
1393:Lady Jane Grey
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1341:
1338:
1317:exact boundary
1298:
1295:
1209:Thomas Cranmer
1141:
1138:
1134:Thomas Gresham
1075:
1072:
1026:Sir John Gates
1014:Lord Treasurer
991:
990:Ruling England
988:
949:Thomas Cranmer
945:Windsor Castle
918:courts-martial
866:Thomas Seymour
857:Lord Protector
844:
841:
686:Viscount Lisle
670:Anne of Cleves
597:John Guildford
528:Pale of Calais
491:, daughter of
489:Elizabeth Grey
460:
457:
434:Lady Jane Grey
370:Lord Protector
364:and, with the
323:Lady Jane Grey
310:
309:
306:
305:
298:
294:
293:
277:
273:
272:
270:
269:
264:
258:
256:
252:
251:
249:
248:
245:
242:
239:
234:
233:Charles Dudley
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
198:
194:
192:
188:
187:
176:
172:Jane Guildford
170:
169:
167:
163:
162:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
97:22 August 1553
95:
91:
90:
80:
78:
74:
73:
69:
68:
59:
51:
50:
47:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5295:
5284:
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5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:Dudley family
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Earls Marshal
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5045:
5044:
5037:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5013:
5012:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4988:
4986:
4978:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4954:
4953:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4934:The Lord Parr
4926:
4925:
4917:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4887:
4886:
4879:
4873:
4869:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4850:
4841:
4840:
4833:
4827:
4823:
4814:
4813:
4806:
4800:
4796:
4787:
4786:
4779:
4773:
4768:
4761:
4760:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4696:0-7867-1469-7
4693:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4681:0-241-10149-2
4678:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4666:0-19-288044-6
4663:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4635:Tytler, P. F.
4633:
4630:
4629:0-09-928657-2
4626:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4611:0-333-24528-8
4608:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4537:Porter, Linda
4535:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:0-312-23830-4
4485:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:0-582-77226-5
4454:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4442:1-85285-304-2
4439:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4427:0-19-820193-1
4424:
4420:
4416:
4415:Loades, David
4413:
4410:
4409:0-300-09409-4
4406:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:0-04-942083-6
4366:
4362:
4358:
4357:Jordan, W. K.
4355:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4333:0-7538-1936-8
4330:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4302:0-333-24528-8
4299:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:0-19-285213-2
4258:
4254:
4253:Tudor England
4250:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:. Routledge.
4229:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4211:0-17-435063-5
4208:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4172:0-87338-140-8
4169:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:0-7190-5325-0
4139:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4127:0-521-55156-0
4124:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2377:Rathbone 2002
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2058:Hawkyard 1982
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1872:
1871:David Starkey
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:, Henry, and
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1702:Edmund Dudley
1699:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1631:A. F. Pollard
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:Thames Valley
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:Hertfordshire
1505:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:King Henry II
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:Norham Castle
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1055:Jean Scheyfve
1050:
1047:
1043:
1042:William Cecil
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:
996:
989:
987:
984:
980:
975:
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
954:Privy Chamber
950:
946:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:proclamations
926:
923:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
885:
881:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
854:
850:
842:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
812:
810:
809:Dauphin Henri
806:
805:Fontainebleau
802:
798:
794:
793:
788:
787:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
759:
755:
754:
749:
744:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:1544 campaign
719:, and in the
718:
714:
709:
707:
706:Privy Council
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:Staffordshire
679:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
624:Dudley Castle
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:Edmund Dudley
470:
465:
458:
456:
454:
450:
447:Convicted of
445:
443:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
407:
403:
398:
396:
391:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Edmund Dudley
324:
320:
316:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:Dudley Castle
286:
281:
278:
274:
268:
265:
263:
262:Edmund Dudley
260:
259:
257:
253:
246:
243:
240:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:Thomas Dudley
199:
196:
195:
193:
189:
173:
168:
164:
159:
130:
126:
123:
121:Resting place
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
96:
92:
88:
79:
75:
70:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5095:
5079:2nd creation
5078:
5072:
5068:New creation
5067:
5041:
5009:Governor of
5008:
5003:
4982:
4949:
4921:
4902:
4883:
4858:Earl Marshal
4856:
4837:
4810:
4783:
4757:
4728:
4702:
4687:
4672:
4657:
4650:
4639:
4620:
4602:
4584:
4572:
4559:
4543:. Portrait.
4540:
4529:
4520:
4504:
4494:
4482:. Palgrave.
4479:
4467:
4448:
4433:
4418:
4400:
4393:
4375:
4360:
4342:
4324:
4312:
4293:
4278:
4271:
4252:
4242:
4227:
4220:
4202:
4193:
4178:
4163:
4148:
4133:
4118:
4112:Bibliography
4100:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3947:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3875:
3866:
3857:
3848:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3672:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3399:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3033:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1863:Linda Porter
1855:David Loades
1845:
1809:
1801:Henry Machyn
1795:
1785:
1771:
1746:
1710:hypochondria
1706:
1686:
1681:
1672:
1643:
1635:
1625:historians,
1601:black legend
1598:
1584:
1559:
1549:
1544:David Loades
1536:
1524:
1501:
1481:
1465:
1449:
1433:
1385:
1362:Guinea coast
1343:
1330:
1324:fortress at
1300:
1297:Peace policy
1272:garrison of
1242:
1188:
1178:
1163:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1121:
1111:parish-based
1096:
1077:
1067:implications
1066:
1062:
1060:
1051:
1003:
1001:
958:
927:
888:
846:
813:
790:
784:
778:
763:
757:
751:
748:Lord Admiral
710:
698:Lord Admiral
667:
628:
609:
590:
571:
556:
525:
513:
501:high treason
474:
449:high treason
446:
438:
430:illegitimate
419:
399:
386:
374:Scottish war
368:, England's
359:
351:Lord Admiral
333:executed by
314:
313:
285:Durham House
276:Residence(s)
214:Henry Dudley
99:(1553-08-22)
36:
5118:1553 deaths
5113:1504 births
5088:John Dudley
4653:. Palgrave.
4623:. Vintage.
4599:Slack, Paul
4434:Elizabeth I
4327:. Phoenix.
4190:"Edward VI"
1905:Loades 2008
1675:recantation
1658:Personality
1638:W.K. Jordan
1606:Lord Thomas
1590:Assessments
1512:East Anglia
1278:stewardship
1181:John Hooper
909:Robert Kett
815:friends of
758:Great Harry
639:Anne Boleyn
578:evangelical
567:tournaments
548:body armour
442:East Anglia
153: /
81:John Dudley
65: 1607
18:John Dudley
5102:Categories
5082:1547–1553
5047:1552–1553
5015:1544–1545
4990:1535–1544
4956:1548–1550
4928:1542–1543
4908:1550–1553
4889:1550–1553
4862:1551–1553
4843:1547–1550
4816:1549–1550
4789:1543–1547
4339:Ives, Eric
1881:References
1647:G.R. Elton
1619:John Ponet
1566:Great Seal
1457:parliament
1441:John Cheke
1437:John Gates
1334:neutrality
1322:Italianate
1245:episcopate
1232:to become
1195:, and the
1185:John Ponet
1152:Mary Tudor
1129:peculation
1107:parliament
892:enclosures
817:Anne Askew
680:as MP for
620:foreclosed
565:, and the
509:scapegoats
505:Henry VIII
481:councillor
335:Henry VIII
138:51°30′31″N
104:Tower Hill
4401:Edward VI
4249:Guy, John
4185:51384729.
3439:Hoak 2008
1886:Footnotes
1851:Eric Ives
1694:annuities
1690:retainers
1615:John Foxe
1611:sectarian
1578:communion
1520:artillery
1516:Cambridge
1469:Charles V
1413:Katherine
1405:Catherine
1226:catechism
1221:John Knox
1217:canon law
1205:purgatory
1116:middlemen
1099:loitering
913:mercenary
849:executors
792:Mary Rose
746:In 1545,
643:Elizabeth
605:patronage
559:wrestling
497:attainted
485:Henry VII
426:Elizabeth
406:conciliar
331:Henry VII
319:Edward VI
297:Signature
280:Ely Place
89:, England
44:His Grace
5011:Boulogne
4987:Armoury
4750:(1911).
4649:(2012):
4637:(1839):
4619:(2001):
4583:(2007):
4539:(2007):
4503:(2000):
4478:(2001):
4417:(1996):
4392:(1951):
4384:75-15032
4359:(1970):
4341:(2009):
4323:(2006):
4251:(1990):
4219:(1995):
1758:heroes,
1721:See also
1487:Downfall
1360:and the
1304:besieged
1286:dioceses
1173:Brussels
1156:de facto
1105:through
1103:Poor Law
1084:liveried
942:fortress
936:and the
774:tactical
737:Boulogne
733:culverin
536:knighted
387:de facto
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