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420:. The photography of these effects was a real challenge, because liquid helium-4 is essentially transparent. This unique colour movie (the fifth edition was completed in 1982) is one of Allen's great legacies to physics. His was an early user of moving images to document experiments and inform students and the general public.
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on low temperature experiments. However, Kapitsa could not return from a visit of his mother in the Soviet Union in 1934 and never returned to
Cambridge. So John Allen worked independently of Kapitsa on properties of helium at very low temperatures and published reports on the discovery of
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in Moscow. His student, Ernest Ganz, later observed the second sound in liquid helium, and Allen and his collaborator possibly also measured the third sound that occurs in thin films, however they did not report their results. When
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262:, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1928. Afterwards, he went to the University of Toronto to pursue postgraduate studies. He obtained his master's degree in 1930 and undertook his PhD working with
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278:. He obtained his PhD degree in 1933. With a two-year US National Research Council Fellowship which he obtained in 1933, he went to work as a postdoctoral researcher at
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321:. During his tenure at the University of St Andrews, he was twice dean of the Faculty of Science, and oversaw the creation of a separate Faculty of Applied Science at
416:, which he discovered in 1938 with the help of a pocket flashlight. Over a ten-year period Allen made a movie of the various two-fluid phenomena exhibited by liquid
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Professor Allen says he has altered his apparatus (which was too small to produce separate drips) so that it duplicates more precisely the experiment at
Queensland
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270:. He there developed and built his first cryostat which was taken by John McLennan for a demonstration of superconductivity in a public lecture to the
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in helium which were published side by side in Nature in
January 1938. Despite the independent discovery at about the same time, the Nobel prize for
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for use as a seal for vacuum systems. He further invented in 1947 indium gaskets to create leak tight seals for low temperature applications.
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During his work on low temperature physics, Allen developed a number of techniques that are still in use today. In 1937, he introduced the
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He stayed in
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Allen married his wife, Elfriede
Hiebert, in 1933. The two divorced later. They had one adopted son.
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Griffin, Allan (1999). "A Brief
History of Our Understanding of BEC: From Bose to Beliaev".
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from 1966 to 1969 and member of the
British National Committee for Physics of the
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Former fellows of The Royal
Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: biographical index
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682:"John Allen Eminent physicist who was the discoverer of superfluid helium"
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is named after John Allen, as is the library in the J.F. Allen building.
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between 1933 and 1935. In 1935, he joined the Mond
Laboratory of the
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Donnelly, Russell J. (July 1995). "The
Discovery of Superfluidity".
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status until his death. He died in St Andrews in Fife of a stroke.
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broke out and he worked on projects supporting the army. During
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School of Physics and Astronomy of the University of St Andrews
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School of Physics and Astronomy of the University of St Andrews
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built by John F. Allen in 1952 at the University of St Andrews
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At some stage (likely in 1984) he modified the long-running
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He was chair of the Very Low Temperature Commission of the
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as well as the development of the Science complex on the
1059:"Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates"
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Balibar, S. (2007). "The Discovery of Superfluidity".
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Armitage, Jonathan G. M.; Longair, Malcolm S. (2023).
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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in the Mond laboratory in Cambridge, independent of
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Canadian expatriate academics in the United Kingdom
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412:to film his experiments, such as the superfluid
1010:Waterston, C. D; Shearer, A. Macmillan (2006).
963:"Obituary: John Frank (Jack) Allen (1908–2001)"
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334:International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
258:. John Allen studied physics initially at the
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828:"Viscosity of Liquid Helium below the λ-Point"
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811:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
763:Allen, J.F. and Misener, D. (January 1938).
564:"John Frank Allen. 6 May 1908—22 April 2001"
936:"Directory of Fellows of the Royal Society"
201:(May 5, 1908 – April 22, 2001) was a
350:Allen received an honorary doctorate from
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216:and Allen independently discovered the
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493:Timeline of low-temperature technology
1084:"John Frank (Jack) Allen (1908–2001)"
329:in St Andrews, which opened in 1966.
303:was awarded only to Kapitsa in 1978.
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1181:Canadian people of Scottish descent
877:Journal of Low Temperature Physics
600:Donnelly, Russell J. (July 2002).
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445:Commendations of John Frank Allen
425:St. Andrews pitch drop experiment
388:helium together with his student
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460:J F Allen building, hosting the
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343:In 1978, he retired, retaining
27:Canadian physicist (1908–2001)
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1216:University of Manitoba alumni
433:similar pitch-drop experiment
354:in 1984. The building of the
1221:University of Toronto alumni
1171:Fellows of the Royal Society
826:Kapitza, P. (January 1938).
744:Pearce Wright (4 May 2001).
602:"Obituary: John Frank Allen"
1082:Griffin, Allan (May 2001).
319:Fellow of the Royal Society
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765:"Flow of Liquid Helium II"
543:video on superfluid helium
384:In 1937, Allen discovered
317:In 1949, he was elected a
907:10.1007/s10909-006-9276-7
210:Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
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1226:Scientists from Winnipeg
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429:University of Queensland
308:University of St Andrews
168:University of St Andrews
1231:Academics from Winnipeg
961:Griffin, Allan (2001).
643:"Obituary: Frank Allen"
746:"Obituary: John Allen"
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529:Cite journal requires
352:Heriot-Watt University
260:University of Manitoba
256:University of Manitoba
208:. At the same time as
124:University of Manitoba
223:in 1937 using liquid
128:University of Toronto
641:Allen, J.F. (1966).
1186:Scottish physicists
1166:Canadian physicists
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899:2007JLTP..146..441B
844:1938Natur.141...74K
781:1938Natur.141...75A
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618:2002PhT....55g..76D
514:1999cond.mat..1123G
439:Pictorial biography
408:Allen also used a
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390:Don Misener
327:North Haugh
214:Don Misener
212:in Moscow,
106:Nationality
60:May 5, 1908
1160:Categories
1124:"Feedback"
549:References
386:superfluid
218:superfluid
138:Superfluid
83:2001-04-23
1136:0028-6664
1067:21 August
1021:CiteSeerX
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915:119067574
717:CiteSeerX
314:in 1947.
288:Cambridge
236:Cambridge
206:physicist
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1045:83595094
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345:emeritus
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252:Winnipeg
203:Canadian
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70:, Canada
68:Manitoba
64:Winnipeg
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840:Bibcode
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266:about
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110:Canada
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885:arXiv
858:S2CID
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1041:OCLC
1031:ISBN
943:2019
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246:Life
199:FRSE
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91:Elie
76:Died
53:Born
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