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After the war, Murphy returned home and worked as a whitewasher, a trade he learned from his father. The development of wallpaper at prices available to the middle class made whitewashing obsolete. Murphy was appointed to the federal civil service in the postal service. He later worked in various
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Murphy helped build the
African-American community in Baltimore by sharing its news, pressing for civil rights, and reporting on abuses. At first his family worked unpaid for the paper. Later he had up to 100 employees. "He crusaded for racial justice while exposing racism in education, jobs,
165:. He was among the more than 8,000 Black Marylanders and other states' residents who mustered into various Black regiments throughout the State of Maryland, after 1863 and emancipation, when the Federal Government decided to accept black recruits in the Army. President
246:(AME) Church, founded in Philadelphia in the early 19th century as the first black denomination in the United States. After being appointed as a District Sunday School Superintendent, Murphy used a manual printing press to produce a weekly church publication, the
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Due to the economic and political power of blacks in
Baltimore, who comprised a large community, and the activism of people like Murphy, the Maryland state legislature did not follow the example of other southern states and
296:, returned to Baltimore in 1918 to work on the paper in his father's last years. In 1922, after his father's death, Carl J. Murphy was named as editor and publisher of the paper.
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at the turn of the century. African
Americans struggled with discrimination in the city but maintained more freedom and political power than blacks in most other southern states.
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before the war. They met in church. Murphy and his wife Martha settled in
Baltimore and had 11 children together; 10 of them survived to adulthood. Among them was their son
158:, in February 1864. He eventually served as a non-commissioned officer, reaching the rank of sergeant. (Only whites were allowed to be commissioned officers at the time.)
138:), published by the AFRO-American Newspaper Company of Baltimore, Inc. This newspaper is one of the oldest operating black family-owned newspapers in the U.S.A.
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After John Henry Murphy's death on April 5, 1922, his descendants led the newspaper over the course of the next generations, including son
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John Henry Murphy was born into slavery in
Baltimore, Maryland on Christmas Day 1840. His parents were Benjamin Murphy III, who was a
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In 1868, Murphy married Martha
Elizabeth Howard, a daughter of the well-to-do African-American farmer, Enoch George Howard of
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2008, Murphy was named posthumously to the Hall of Fame, Maryland-Delaware-DC Press
Association, established in 1947.
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housing, and public accommodations. In 1913, he was elected president of the
National Negro Press Association."
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at auction with $ 200 borrowed from his wife, who had sold land inherited from her father. He merged the
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jobs: as a porter, janitor, manager of a feed store, and manager of the printing department of the
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publisher based in
Baltimore, Maryland. Born into slavery, he is best known as the founder of the
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to make copies of materials for students. In 1897 Murphy purchased the printing presses of the
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Narrator, Ben
Phillips, grandson: "Carl J. Murphy, Publisher, The AFRO-American Newspapers"
393:"John Henry Murphy Sr. MDDC Hall of Fame Class of 2008: Afro-American's John H. Murphy Sr."
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489:" 'Afro' Founder John H. Murphy Sr. Named to Hall of Fame in 2008
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Little is known about young Murphy before his service in the
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in Germany and serving as head of the German department at
429:, 2015 inductee, MDDC Hall of Fame, accessed 23 March 2016
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The Black Press 1827-1890: The Quest for National Identity
357:"John H. Murphy III, publisher of Afro newspaper, dies"
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During these years, Murphy became active with Bethel
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239:published by Rev. Harry Bragg Sr. for his church.
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483:Karlson Yu, "Murphy, John Henry Sr. (1840-1922)"
395:, MDDC Press Association, accessed 23 March 2016
303:for 45 years, and John's grandson and namesake,
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470:Dictionary of American Negro Biography
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340:(New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1971)
181:, January 1, 1863. Afterward, the
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355:Jessica Anderson (2010-10-18).
142:Early life and military service
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472:(New York: W.W. Norton, 1982)
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152:United States Colored Troops
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268:The Afro-American Ledger.
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525:African-American writers
491:, MDDC Press Association
407:Cleveland Call and Post
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131:Baltimore Afro-American
440:"John Henry Murphy Sr"
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409:: 13B. 20 March 1982.
248:Sunday School Helper,
119:John Henry Murphy Sr.
256:Sunday School Helper
305:John H. Murphy, III
210:Marriage and family
183:U.S. War Department
62:Baltimore, Maryland
18:John H. Murphy, Sr.
425:2019-07-03 at the
290:University of Jena
175:Confederate States
163:American Civil War
34:John H. Murphy Sr.
361:The Baltimore Sun
311:Legacy and honors
294:Howard University
220:free man of color
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80:Nationality
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444:MDDC Press
366:2012-01-24
321:References
191:Union Army
88:Occupation
55:1840-12-25
258:with the
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110:Baltimore
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284:His son
195:U.S.C.T.
187:freedmen
136:The AFRO
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