636:
729:
intermediate and intercontinental ballistics missile flight-test programs were getting into high gear; and not being blessed with a
Siberian proving ground, where we might do our testing in private, every malfunctioning test vehicle was given a play in all the media of public information. The impression was unwittingly created that we were really on our uppers, when, as a matter of fact, each one of these so-called unsuccessful missiles yielded a great deal of the very information it was fired to obtain. In ten years of missile experience I cannot recall a missile system in which similar casualties were not encountered in the early test flights. But in each case we have determined the causes, corrected the deficiencies and gone on to develop a successful weapon system."
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589:, assistant secretary of the Navy for air, who kept the project alive until Carney was succeeded by Burke on August 17, 1955. Within 24 hours of being sworn in, Burke summoned Sides, Freitag, and other Navy missile experts to his office for a briefing on the FBM research studies. By the end of the meeting, Burke had reversed Carney's veto and committed the Navy to an all-out FBM development program, directing Sides and Freitag to work out the operational details.
670:, in November 1955, Sides declared that the new ship marked a fundamental change in sea warfare because it was now possible to defend the fleet against bombers without losing several fighter planes in the process. "It is my personal opinion that within five years, the Navy will have dozens of guided missile ships. They should include not only vessels carrying antiaircraft missiles but also larger ships with surface to surface missile capability."
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677:. Sides said at the time that he foresaw within five years "a family of surface-to-air guided missile ships...dozens of ships of the cruiser, frigate, destroyer and battleship classes." Sides commanded the cruiser division for only four months before being recalled to Washington in April 1956 to become deputy to the special assistant to the Secretary of Defense for guided missiles,
538:, whose launch from the rolling deck of a ship had already been demonstrated. Since the FBM would have to be funded internally by siphoning funds from existing Navy programs, Carney and Sides both judged that the research costs associated with the FBM were too open-ended to justify sacrificing present combat capability for an unproven future capability.
1246:
1269:
717:
Soviet ICBM program, and asserted that "winning the race for development of long-range weapons systems is more important than getting up the first satellite." His speech was regarded as a vigorous defense of the
Eisenhower administration's decision to separate the satellite program from ballistic missile development.
1254:
1277:
502:. As Keller's Navy deputy, Sides was responsible for producing all three Navy missiles, and was credited with being, "as much as any man, the father of the Regulus cruise missile." "He was the real 'thinking' admiral in the guided missile field, and an outstanding man," recalled Regulus project manager
793:
with his wife. Asked about rumors of
Seventh Fleet units operating in Vietnamese waters, Sides replied, "The center of gravity of the Seventh Fleet is always near a troubled area," but declared there was "no intention" of using the Seventh Fleet "in the immediate future" in any role having to do with
440:
When Sides became eligible for early promotion to rear admiral a month later, the selection board was perceived to be stacked against captains who had participated in the Revolt because it included none of the top admirals involved in the controversy. Passed over as expected, in 1950 he took command
564:
However, there was no guarantee that any amount of manpower or money could create the components required for a viable FBM system, which still lacked accurate systems for guidance, fire control, and navigation; adequate metals and materials for fabrication; a compact nuclear warhead with sufficient
522:
Sides was promoted to rear admiral in 1952 as director of the guided-missile division in the office of the chief of naval operations. In that role, he directed the Navy's entire guided-missile program for almost four years, and played an influential and initially adversarial role in the development
716:
and disputed the
Russian report of a successful ICBM test, claiming the reported August flight might actually have been an "errant sputnik" that failed to make its orbit. He was "certain that the enormous effort which went into the development and launching of Sputnik was at the expense" of the
928:
confers the annual
Admiral John H. Sides Award on select members of its Strike, Land Attack and Air Defense Division "in recognition of meritorious service and noteworthy contribution to effective government-industry advancement in the fields of strike, land attack, and air defense warfare."
432:
strategic bomber would not be able to penetrate
Russian defenses to deliver its nuclear payload as claimed, since the United States already possessed supersonic guided missiles that would "seek out and destroy the really fast jet bombers now on the drawing boards" and the Russians had likely
728:
on
January 15, 1958, where he reiterated that the nation's development of long-range missiles was "progressing very well" and complained that a false impression had been created by missiles that failed in early tests. "It just so happened that about the time of the sputnik launchings, our
1375:
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461:
924:, whose coat of arms contains a scaled horse's head that represents a knight on a chessboard, evoking Sides' personal reputation as a man of knightly character and integrity and as a naval officer experienced in the strategies of sea warfare. The
600:
accepted the
Killian Committee recommendations and directed the Navy to design a sea-based support system for Jupiter. Sides and the Navy protested that liquid-fuel rockets like Jupiter were too dangerous for shipboard use and pushed instead for
373:, had developed a barrage rocket - ideal for landings to clean up the banks. When we brought this to the Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, however, his general reaction was, 'Don't put rockets on my battleships, cruisers, or destroyers.'"
761:
nominated Sides for promotion to admiral as commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT). Because of Sides' background, his appointment was interpreted as heralding a new emphasis on missile warfare. Sides relieved
Admiral
447:
for a twelve-month tour in the
Atlantic Fleet. Sides had hoped to captain the first guided-missile cruiser, which the Navy had expected to put in operation by that year, but its development schedule had slipped due to problems with the
334:, he returned to the Bureau of Ordnance in March 1942 to serve as chief of the ammunition and explosives section, where his work in research and development was instrumental in creating fuses and explosives and devising new formulae.
1539:
580:
On Sides' advice, Carney again concluded that a full-fledged FBM program remained premature, and in July directed BuAer to discontinue all efforts to expand FBM development. However, Russell exercised his statutory prerogative as
481:
who had been appointed "missile czar" in October 1950 with a mandate to unify the independent service missile programs. Keller ordered the services to shift from experimentation to production on five missile projects: the Army's
623:, an unprecedented bypass of the Navy bureaus that signalled the Navy's commitment to the FBM concept. To direct the Special Projects Office, at Sides' persistent suggestion, Burke selected Sides' former deputy, Rear Admiral
341:(HVAR), a 5-inch air-to-ground rocket that was used in Europe against trucks and tanks and was being produced at the rate of 40,000 per day by the end of the war. "He was a real pioneer of the Navy rocket programs," recalled
423:
in which high-ranking Navy officials publicly clashed with their Air Force counterparts and civilian superiors over the future of the United States military. Testifying as a guided-missile expert before the
612:
ordered the Navy to join the Army on Jupiter development, and specified that all such missile development would not be externally funded but would have to be carved out of the existing Navy budget.
592:
Sides handled the Navy's side of negotiations over how exactly to implement the Killian Committee's recommendations, which called for the Navy to develop a ship-launched FBM similar to the Army's
1649:
1659:
864:
with gold star and Combat V, awarded for his service as chief of the ammunition and explosives section of the Bureau of Ordnance during World War II; two Navy Unit commendations; the
1536:
654:
Sides returned to sea in January 1956 as the first seagoing flag officer to command a guided-missile cruiser group, Cruiser Division 6, which included the guided-missile cruisers
1619:
689:
Sides was promoted to vice admiral in 1957 to serve as director of the Pentagon's Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG) from 1957 to 1960. As the chief weapons expert for the
553:. The Killian Committee had a charter to unify the ballistic missile programs scattered among the services, and enthusiastically recommended that the Navy develop a fleet-based
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713:
619:, a new organization with a mandate to develop a submarine-launched solid-fuel fleet ballistic missile. The Special Projects Office reported directly to Burke and the
425:
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211:
337:
At the Bureau of Ordnance, Sides nurtured a number of early rocket projects, often against high-level institutional opposition. One notable success was the
1624:
407:. Over the next decade, he would build a reputation for missile expertise and eventually become known as the father of the Navy's guided-missile program.
1654:
1158:
616:
387:
After the war, he was assigned as assistant chief of staff for operations and training on the staff of the commander of battleships and cruisers in the
291:. He served as flag lieutenant on the staff of a battleship division commander from 1936 to 1937, then spent two years in the ammunition section of the
534:, Sides convinced Carney to veto several early FBM proposals, including a 1952 bid by Freitag and other Navy officers for a weaponized version of the
1629:
925:
693:, he assured the public that despite apparent setbacks in the space race with the Soviet Union, the American missile program was developing well.
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546:
377:
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State Library of Victoria: Photo of Admiral John Sides (American Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Essendon Airport, Victoria)
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In 1951, Sides became head of the technical section in the office of the director of guided missiles in the Department of Defense,
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to George Kelley Sides and Estella May Bell, he attended primary and secondary schools in Roslyn, then studied for one year at the
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545:(BuAer) again tried to engage the Navy in FBM development by funneling their research to a secret study committee chaired by
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In June 1948, he began two years as deputy to the assistant chief of naval operations for guided missiles, Rear Admiral
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on August 30. His command was responsible for guarding the Far East and the United States West Coast, and included the
384:." In April 1945, he became commander of Destroyer Squadron 47, and remained in that command until the end of the war.
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557:(IRBM). This external endorsement by a distinguished independent evaluator persuaded the chief of BuAir, Rear Admiral
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handicapped his odds of succeeding Burke as chief of naval operations at 15-1. He was a candidate to replace Admiral
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that were too dangerous to be used at sea. "There wasn't even a concept as to a launching system," recalled Admiral
1435:"Pentagon Faces Broad Shake-up In Major Posts; Navy and Air Force Also to Get Personnel Changes In Next Few Months"
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As deputy assistant chief of naval operations for guided missiles, Sides risked his career by participating in the
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As one of the few active four-star admirals, Sides was occasionally considered for other four-star jobs. In 1961,
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State Library of Victoria: Photo of Admiral John Sides (American Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet)
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1398:"Missile Progress Cited By Admiral - Pentagon Weapon Evaluator Says U.S. Has the Means to Launch Satellite"
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solid-fuel rockets for tactical use against enemy submarine bases. However, on November 17, 1955,
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Shield of the Republic: The United States Navy in an Era of Cold War and Violent Peace, 1945-1962
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345:, HVAR project officer under Sides' supervision and later chief designer of the engines for the
1296:
Men of Space, Volume 7: Profiles of the Leaders in Space Research, Development, and Exploration
1232:
Men of Space, Volume 2: Profiles of the Leaders in Space Research, Development, and Exploration
1004:
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In March 1956, the Navy displayed its first combat-ready antiaircraft missile, Terrier, aboard
285:
in 1934, and in May began two years as assistant fire control officer aboard the light cruiser
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Sides returned to sea in October 1944 in command of Mine Division 8 for combat duty in the
30:
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on August 27. In October, following the unexpected Russian launch of the first satellite,
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627:, whose phenomenal success in that role would earn him renown as the father of Polaris.
437:
missile development program and personnel they had captured at the end of World War II.
1270:"'Dissident Admirals' Left Off Navy's New Promotion Board - Navy Rebels Allowed No Say"
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223:
1459:"Adm. John Sides Dies; Led Fleet In Pacific - Was an Expert in Guided Missile Program"
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380:, where the Navy credited him with "contributing materially to the success of the
277:, beginning a long career in that field. He completed the ordnance course at the
778:
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666:. At the long-delayed commissioning of the Navy's first guided-missile cruiser,
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269:. He returned to the United States in June 1931 to study naval ordnance at the
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193:
138:
1331:
Davis, Vincent (1967), "The Politics of Innovation: Patterns In Navy Cases",
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Sides was CINCPACFLT during the early stages of American involvement in the
705:
452:. The first guided-missile cruiser would not become operational until 1955.
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the Vietnamese crisis. "But I am not saying it could not happen."
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As top missile advisor to the chief of naval operations, Admiral
365:
rockets. "All the way through it was a fight with the admirals.
249:
Commissioned ensign, he served four years aboard the battleship
822:
on September 30, 1963, and retired from the Navy on October 1.
785:
to repay a visit to Pearl Harbor by the commander in chief of
1247:"Officers Urge Force Balance, Tactical Air as Chief Reliance"
932:
He died of a heart seizure on the Coronado golf course near
316:
until November 1940, then reported aboard the light cruiser
304:, which was assigned to Mine Division 1 and operated out of
222:
from 1960 to 1963 and was known as the father of the Navy's
1537:
NDIA - Strike, Land Attack and Air Defense (SLAAD) Division
246:, from which he graduated ninth in a class of 448 in 1925.
724:
on December 6, 1957, Sides spoke at a conference of the
477:, the former president and chairman of the board of the
741:
As commander in chief, Pacific Fleet (right), awarding
696:
On August 21, the Soviet Union successfully tested the
428:
on October 11, 1949, Sides warned that the Air Force's
391:. In September 1947 he reported for instruction at the
1320:, New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 658–661, 769
774:, 400 ships, 3,000 aircraft, and half a million men.
1495:"Taylor and 2 Others Get Posts on Intelligence Unit"
1476:
Pacific Fleet Online - U.S. Pacific Fleet Commanders
577:, Carney's successor as chief of naval operations.
192:
172:
158:
148:
133:
125:
108:
98:
82:
65:
45:
37:
21:
1650:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
1417:"U.S. Officers Crowd Saigon on 'Routine Missions'"
1351:"S.P. Korolev RSC Energia - Launchers: Rocket R-7"
298:In July 1939, he assumed command of the destroyer
918:He is the namesake of the guided-missile frigate
811:in 1963, but was passed over in favor of Admiral
722:first United States attempt to launch a satellite
561:, to fully commit the bureau to FBM development.
911:He received a master of science degree from the
1660:Recipients of the Order of Naval Merit (Brazil)
1298:, Philadelphia: Chilton Company, pp. 33–34
845:He married the former Virginia Eloise Roach of
840:President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
433:inherited a similar capability from the German
1382:, p. A2, October 19, 1957, archived from
1208:
1206:
849:on June 12, 1929, and they had one daughter.
830:In retirement, he became a consultant to the
8:
1620:United States Navy personnel of World War II
1204:
1202:
1200:
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1645:Burials at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery
541:In 1954, Freitag and his colleagues at the
1567:
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1311:
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1305:
892:. He was a member of the chemical society
29:
18:
1591:August 30, 1960–September 30, 1963
1289:
1287:
1433:Baldwin, Hanson W. (February 18, 1963),
1094:
218:who served as commander in chief of the
1182:
926:National Defense Industrial Association
900:, and the graduate engineering society
330:Following the United States entry into
210:(April 22, 1904 – April 3, 1978) was a
1415:Trumbull, Robert (November 14, 1961),
733:Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
1268:Norris, John G. (November 10, 1949),
547:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1245:Norris, John G. (October 12, 1949),
1219:, H. W. Wilson Co., pp. 424–426
936:at the age of 73, and was buried in
789:'s Navy, Sides stopped overnight in
555:intermediate-range ballistic missile
1457:Campbell, Barbara (April 6, 1978),
596:. On September 13, 1955, President
1625:United States Naval Academy alumni
720:After the dramatic failure of the
714:Institute of Aeronautical Sciences
14:
1655:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
1526:GlobalSecurity.org - FFG 14 Sides
1333:Monograph Series in World Affairs
888:in the Order of Naval Merit from
809:Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic
399:Father of the guided-missile Navy
1339:(3), University of Denver: 33–39
1102:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
1085:
1078:
1071:
1060:
1054:
1047:
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1030:
1021:
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951:
938:Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery
854:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
781:. In November 1961, en route to
685:Weapons Systems Evaluation Group
137:
114:
88:Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery
1234:, Philadelphia: Chilton Company
726:American Management Association
615:In response, Burke created the
525:Polaris fleet ballistic missile
255:before being dispatched to the
1630:People from Roslyn, Washington
1404:, p. 12, January 16, 1958
1376:"Expert Doubts Reds Have ICBM"
1164:National Defense Service Medal
1150:w/ three bronze service stars
1148:Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal
1137:American Defense Service Medal
882:National Defense Service Medal
874:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
866:American Defense Service Medal
426:House Armed Services Committee
242:before being appointed to the
1:
1665:University of Michigan alumni
1316:Isenberg, Michael T. (1993),
1169:Order of Naval Merit (Brazil)
369:'s professor of physics, Dr.
339:High Velocity Aircraft Rocket
1213:Wilson Company, H.W (1961),
852:His decorations include the
1615:United States Navy admirals
1587:United States Pacific Fleet
1276:, p. 1, archived from
1253:, p. 1, archived from
818:He was relieved by Admiral
757:On June 1, 1960, President
244:United States Naval Academy
220:United States Pacific Fleet
153:United States Pacific Fleet
1681:
1513:"John Sides - Recipient -"
1159:World War II Victory Medal
1100:
884:. He received the rank of
878:World War II Victory Medal
743:Arleigh Burke Fleet Trophy
518:Rear Admiral Sides in 1952
16:United States Navy admiral
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1570:
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1162:
1157:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1125:
1119:
1110:
950:
904:. He was a Fellow of the
834:in California. President
832:Lockheed Aircraft Company
708:, Sides spoke before the
271:Naval Postgraduate School
28:
1294:Thomas, Shirley (1965),
1230:Thomas, Shirley (1961),
240:University of Washington
103:United States of America
1143:American Campaign Medal
1121:Navy Commendation Medal
906:American Rocket Society
896:, the research society
870:American Campaign Medal
710:American Rocket Society
617:Special Projects Office
567:solid rocket propellant
510:Fleet ballistic missile
421:civil-military conflict
186:Navy Commendation Medal
915:at Ann Arbor in 1934.
913:University of Michigan
754:
651:
648:Terrier guided missile
631:Guided-missile cruiser
625:William F. Raborn, Jr.
585:to appeal directly to
519:
470:
456:Regulus cruise missile
417:Revolt of the Admirals
411:Revolt of the Admirals
279:University of Michigan
265:to participate in the
199:University of Michigan
1597:U.S. Grant Sharp, Jr.
1127:Yangtze Service Medal
934:San Diego, California
858:Yangtze Service Medal
838:appointed him to the
820:U.S. Grant Sharp, Jr.
753:, September 19, 1962.
740:
700:, a feat reported by
691:Joint Chiefs of Staff
638:
621:secretary of the Navy
543:Bureau of Aeronautics
517:
463:
441:of the heavy cruiser
126:Years of service
92:San Diego, California
76:San Diego, California
1585:Commander in Chief,
842:on August 10, 1965.
759:Dwight D. Eisenhower
607:Secretary of Defense
598:Dwight D. Eisenhower
479:Chrysler Corporation
395:in Washington, D.C.
393:National War College
322:as gunnery officer.
267:Yangtze River Patrol
1380:The Washington Post
1280:on January 31, 2013
1274:The Washington Post
1251:The Washington Post
283:Ann Arbor, Michigan
275:Annapolis, Maryland
259:with the destroyer
1579:Herbert G. Hopwood
1542:2007-10-24 at the
1481:2007-11-13 at the
1463:The New York Times
1439:The New York Times
1421:The New York Times
1402:The New York Times
1139:w/ Atlantic Clasp
894:Phi Lambda Upsilon
805:Robert L. Dennison
764:Herbert G. Hopwood
755:
652:
603:submarine-launched
520:
486:; the Air Force's
471:
293:Bureau of Ordnance
236:Roslyn, Washington
216:United States Navy
120:United States Navy
59:Roslyn, Washington
1603:
1602:
1594:Succeeded by
1571:Military offices
1501:, August 10, 1965
1216:Current Biography
1175:
1174:
1114:w/ Gold Star and
1093:
1092:
836:Lyndon B. Johnson
813:Harold Page Smith
610:Charles E. Wilson
504:Robert F. Freitag
490:; and the Navy's
405:Daniel V. Gallery
371:Charles Lauritsen
212:four-star admiral
208:John Harold Sides
204:
203:
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1576:Preceded by
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1499:Associated Press
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1353:. Archived from
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955:
948:
947:
679:Eger V. Murphree
575:Arleigh A. Burke
559:James S. Russell
551:James R. Killian
532:Robert B. Carney
419:, an episode of
382:Okinawa invasion
141:
118:
110:
72:
55:
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19:
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1544:Wayback Machine
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1483:Wayback Machine
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1386:on May 24, 2011
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1257:on May 24, 2011
1244:
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1224:
1212:
1211:
1184:
1180:
1112:Legion of Merit
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163:World War II
159:Battles/wars
71:(1978-04-03)
1640:1978 deaths
1635:1904 births
1441:, p. 1
944:Decorations
779:Vietnam War
768:First Fleet
569:to replace
475:K.T. Keller
38:Nickname(s)
1609:Categories
1361:2007-12-11
1178:References
1116:"V" Device
902:Iota Alpha
886:comendador
880:; and the
698:first ICBM
549:president
435:Wasserfall
288:Cincinnati
194:Alma mater
99:Allegiance
52:1904-04-22
747:USS
706:Sputnik 1
640:USS
465:Regulus I
308:with the
252:Tennessee
226:program.
129:1925–1963
1540:Archived
1479:Archived
1155:4th Row
1133:3rd Row
1108:2nd Row
1098:1st Row
898:Sigma Xi
800:Newsweek
787:Thailand
663:Canberra
359:Redstone
319:Savannah
234:Born in
206:Admiral
177:Navy DSM
167:Cold War
149:Commands
109:Service/
783:Bangkok
749:Forster
646:firing
527:(FBM).
523:of the
500:Regulus
496:Sparrow
492:Terrier
488:Matador
367:Caltech
355:Jupiter
214:in the
143:Admiral
890:Brazil
876:; the
872:; the
868:; the
860:; the
791:Saigon
770:, the
675:Boston
668:Boston
657:Boston
642:Boston
498:, and
444:Albany
363:Saturn
361:, and
173:Awards
111:branch
78:, U.S.
61:, U.S.
921:Sides
347:Atlas
314:Tracy
301:Tracy
41:Savvy
712:and
702:TASS
660:and
484:Nike
430:B-36
351:Thor
134:Rank
66:Died
46:Born
745:to
281:at
273:in
188:(2)
183:(2)
1611::
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