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523:. He used family members and local LDS Church leaders as models. Hafen was offended by the LDS Church's reluctance to endorse the booklet of poems and use them as material for missionary distribution, thinking that they disliked his paintings. Church authorities responded that, while they enjoyed the paintings, they were concerned about salespeople using an endorsement from the church to pressure members into purchasing the booklet. It was subsequently published and sold by Hafen's friends and family. He finished the paintings the year before he died.
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their religion. William Conant Jr. has affirmed: "His driving force was faith in God and the surety that his calling in life was to paint." During his trip to Europe, Hafen spent a few weeks in his home country of
Switzerland, continuing to improve his artistic abilities and attempting, unsuccessfully, to trace his family roots. He was deeply inspired by his time in Paris, and admired the city's devotion to art, but missed his wife and children throughout his time as an art missionary.
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Hafen combined his artistic endeavors and commissions from the LDS Church with other employment, as he had done before. As one writer describes, "extreme poverty was Hafen's almost constant companion in life, and he combatted the condition as best he could with the weapons of a romantic." Although too poor to pay his rent, by trading a painting for the right to use some land and bartering with locals for help with the construction, Hafen was able to acquire a home in
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434:, where he exhibited his depictions of the rural Utah landscape from the mid-1890s until 1907. He won the 1893 Utah Art Institute Exhibition prize of $ 300. He also became the vice president of the Society of Utah Artists that year. His works were displayed at the organization's 1896 exhibit, and he was called "one of the best portrait artists in the west." In 1899, he was awarded third prize in the Utah Art Institute competition for his work entitled
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219:. His parents, Johann Hafen and Anna Elizabeth Ruesi, were converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Hafen began making art as a young boy, producing sketches as early as age four. When Hafen was six years old, his family immigrated to the U.S. They then traveled westward in wagons. The journey from Switzerland to Utah lasted a total of six months. The Hafens reached the
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446:. At his first stop, he encountered artists less skilled but more commercially successful than himself. At the second, he completed fifteen paintings and six drawings in 26 days, some of which were landscapes of the ocean; the artist reportedly became "enamored with painting the sea". Then, without receiving the cash or connections he'd come for, Hafen returned to Utah.
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279:). The artists wanted Hafen to travel abroad and refine his skills, but the cost of such a trip prevented him from doing so. Still, Hafen worked to develop a career for himself as a painter, and worked as a photographer in the meantime. He started at G. R. Savage's studio in the 1870s, then worked as an assistant to
320:, Hafen successfully convinced the LDS Church leadership to sponsor his art studies abroad. He felt his plan was divinely inspired, and wanted to use what he believed to be his God-given talent to glorify God in return. There were no artists in the church at that time "qualified to decorate the temple", so the
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and were "accepted as being satisfactory" by the church. With this support and income, Hafen was able to travel again. His lifelong friend John
Fairbanks accompanied him to New York and Boston. Misfortune followed him east, and he again returned home without the recognition he sought. Over the years,
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easel painting." Hafen would also leave the city to find landscapes to sketch and paint. In the fall and winter, the artists would study indoors at the Académie, then spend the warmer months outdoors in the country under the direction of professionals. Hafen struggled to meet the expectations of his
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Hafen was separated from his family during his trips to the west coast and to the east. He sent money to his wife and children whenever he could. His finances improved during his last few years of life in
Indiana, and he was able to make ends meet. Twede and the children moved to Indianapolis to be
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to cross the
Atlantic. During the voyage, they taught some passengers about their faith and made a goal to produce one sketch each day. Hafen recorded that those who lagged on this goal would "be fined 10 cents. The only fine imposed on our trip so far was Loris; one day he was so busy teaching the
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During these years, Hafen would "draw with bits of charcoal from the fire on anything he could find." By age eight, he knew he wanted to become an artist; and "when he was eleven years old, his mother showed a bundle of his drawings to a friend who was impressed and gave John a dollar and a half to
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on canvas in preparation for painting the murals. Hafen began work on the walls of the garden room in 1892, and soon wrote to the other art missionaries, petitioning their return and assistance in painting the murals. He subsequently had the help of
Fairbanks, Pratt, Evans, and Hafen's old mentor,
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Following Hafen's return to the U.S., Thora gave birth to three more children: Alma was born in 1892, Joseph in 1895, and
Frederic in 1898. Their family eventually grew to include 10 children. The financial strain he experienced prior to his time in France continued when he returned to Utah, and
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with his sister-in-law; the case was then dismissed when it was revealed she was engaged to a different man. By 1890, Hafen and Twede had a total of five children. According to one of their sons, theirs was a happy marriage; Twede supported him in his artistic endeavors, and both were devoted to
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In 1881, Hafen joined other local artists in founding the Utah Art
Association, which organized exhibitions and provided instruction for aspiring artists. The association served as Hafen's outlet for drawing and painting for the rest of the decade. In 1888, at the request of veterans of the Utah
393:." George Q. Cannon offered the art missionaries the opportunity to stay longer than the originally agreed-upon duration of a year to continue at the Académie; Hafen, however, decided to stick to the plan and come home. Hafen returned to Utah on August 17, 1891, before the rest of his comrades.
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His personal goal was to show truth through his art. He struggled to have confidence in his abilities and grew worried over the artists' financial situation, but was encouraged by a letter from George Cannon to complete his mission. At the conclusion of his year abroad, Hafen traveled to the
561:, was born on May 23 of the following year. Hafen struggled to balance his artistic endeavors with the responsibility to provide for his family financially; he entered into multiple ventures to try to make money, but none of them were fruitful. In 1888, Hafen was arrested for entering into
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After his experience in Paris, Hafen missed being so far from the center of the art world. Both this longing to be working among other artists and continuing financial distress inspired Hafen to leave Utah. In 1900 he decided to travel to the coast, first to
Seattle and then to
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is still used today as a popular depiction of the event. During this time, Hafen also drew crayon portraits of a variety of people, including military leaders. Some were displayed at Savage's studio. His work in the photography industry continued as well; he opened a gallery in
530:. He left to visit his family in Utah for a time, then returned to Indiana with his son Virgil, an aspiring artist; together they opened up a studio in Indianapolis. Hafen began to sell more of his paintings and receive more commissions, including the task to paint Governor
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Hafen's artistic philosophy revolved around using art to portray truth, particularly relating to religion; and this uncompromising goal made it challenging for Hafen to appeal to the mass market. Despite his inability to achieve mainstream success, art critic
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in
Indianapolis. He was 56 years old. His body was brought back to Utah and buried in a Springville cemetery "where he had, years before, painted a picture looking across his beloved valley the tops of the mountains." His funeral was held on June 9 in the
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372:. The school taught them the basics of art through lengthy classes spent sketching plaster models and other objects. As a result of such rigorous schooling, the French Art Missionaries "became conversant with the techniques and values of
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534:'s portrait. He was awarded the Utah Art Institute Medal of Honor and first prize at the 1908 Illinois State Fair in the landscape category. His success was short-lived, however, as he died in 1910.
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authorized the subsidization of the art mission; they agreed to provide a total of $ 2160 to fund the trip, and in return, the artists would use what they learned abroad to paint the murals in the
192:. He suffered intense financial difficulty throughout his life and did not receive much recognition as an artist until a few years before his death. He has been named "Utah's greatest artist" by
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painting inspired him to devote himself to landscapes. He fined-tuned his abilities by learning from landscape artist Arthur F. Mitchell and "returned home ... a confirmed landscapist in the
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283:. He was able to display some of his paintings of landscapes at Savage's studio, which were described as "not only credible, but decidedly praiseworthy" by a writer for the
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called Hafen the premier painter of his day. His works became some of the most sought-after among Utah collectors. Many of his works are now part of the collection at the
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buy some colors and drawing paper. These were the first real art materials the young artist owned." He was also religious from a young age; after hearing a speech from
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and assigned to Paris, France. Once arrangements were made, the "French Art
Missionaries" traveled east by train, stopping in New York City to visit the
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with his wife, Thora Twede. Despite the variety of his efforts, Hafen barely supported himself and his family with his artistic ability alone.
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mentors, particularly in drawing, and made an effort to replace what he had taught himself in Utah with these new European artistic methods.
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Hafen met his wife, Thora Twede, at George Edward Anderson's photography studio. The couple married on June 13, 1879, in the Salt Lake City
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in an effort to inspire a new generation of artists in that community. He again won the Utah Art Institute prize that year as well.
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in 1901 to paint a certain number of landscapes and portraits each month in return for $ 100. Some of these portraits depicted LDS
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507:'s Gallery in Chicago. Here, he began to receive some of the recognition he'd been searching for all his life. He then moved to
665:. His paintings have been on display in Paris, Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, and St. Louis at exhibitions such as that of the
255:. After moving around to various places in Utah, the Hafen family settled in Salt Lake City in 1868. There, he began to paint.
641:; the latter recalled that Hafen saw art as his life's mission and "was willing to sacrifice all" for his creative pursuits.
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Hafen was the first of his group to begin work at the temple, playing a major role in the initial mural planning. He painted
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and settled in Utah. There, he demonstrated artistic abilities from an early age. In 1890, he was one of a group of "art
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Still struggling financially, Hafen moved to Illinois in 1908. Soon, his paintings were featured in an exhibit at
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Weggeland. Working together, the team finished the garden and world room murals in time for the temple's opening.
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20th Ward Academy in Salt Lake City, where he took classes in drawing. Over the next ten years, he was tutored by
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Weighed down by debt, Hafen asked for financial assistance from the LDS Church. He signed a contract with
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157:(March 22, 1856 – June 3, 1910) was a Swiss-born American artist, primarily of landscapes and portraits.
1611:"Pay Last Tribute to Hafen's Memory: Speakers Laud Life of Artist Who is Buried in Springville Cemetery"
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1664:"'Milestones and Memories' celebrates 80 years of history and more at Springville Museum of Art"
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Bradley, Martha Elizabeth; Durham Jr., Lowell M. (1985). "John Hafen and the Art Missionaries".
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774:"A Study of the Life of John Hafen: Artist With an Analysis and Critical Review of His Work"
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countryside before leaving Europe to sketch and paint nature scenes. Such experiences with
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Hafen continued to paint following his return home, and opened up a studio of his own in
1733:". Prepared for the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Provo, UT. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
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United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service
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purchase one of his paintings for $ 250. In 1903, after attending an art lecture at
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University of Idaho, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2006. pp. 67-198. 3221188.
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After arriving in Paris on July 24, 1890, Hafen and Fairbanks began study at the
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Swanson, Vern G.; Olpin, Robert S.; Rogers, Janie L.; Poulton, Donna L. (2001).
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1132:"Portrait of the 1890-1892 LDS Paris Art Mission: An Andragogical Perspective."
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John Hafen (left) and Walter Stringham c. 1888. Taken by George Edward Anderson
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1593:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: John Hafen House"
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959:. Provo, Utah: Friends of the Brigham Young University Library. p. 16.
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Upon his return to Utah, Hafen saw small bits of success, such as having
476:, which has been commended as "a masterpiece of American Impressionism".
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and "is now considered the most appealing of the early Utah stylists."
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Alongside Adolph Shultz, Hafen became involved in the growth of the
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with him, but he passed away just five weeks after their arrival.
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1474:"Testimony in Art: John Hafen's Illustrations for "O My Father""
924:"A Circumspection of Ten Formulators of Early Utah Art History"
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Hafen painted an estimated 200 works for the church, including
1580:. Provo, Utah: The Hafen Family Association. pp. 175–180.
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gospel to fellow passengers that he forgot to make a sketch."
511:, and began work on a series of eight paintings to accompany
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295:, a painting of an event that occurred 44 years earlier in
956:
A Step Beyond: Artists' Archives and the Creative Process
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Leonard, Glen M. (1995). "Picturing the Nauvoo Legion".
703:"John Hafen - Marriott Library - The University of Utah"
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when they returned to Utah. On June 4, 1890, alongside
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Huntington, Mae (1934). "A High-School Art Project".
1222:"Early LDS art missionaries put training to good use"
231:; the former was where Hafen first met future artist
1497:"John Hafen paintings to be displayed at BYU museum"
275:, instructors at the University of Deseret (now the
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Finding aid author: Andrea Wyss (2013). "
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1711:"Rare Salt Lake Temple garden room painting found"
1298:"Harvesting the Light: The 1890 Paris Art Mission"
1273:"Rare Salt Lake Temple garden room painting found"
876:Devotees and Their Shrines: A Handbook of Utah Art
146:Utah Art Institute Exhibition Prize, 1893 and 1903
573:The John Hafen House, Springville, UT (May 2016)
487:, Hafen decided to donate his painting entitled
1693:, Salt Lake City, Gibbs Smith, Publisher, 2005
293:Last Public Address of Lieut. Gen. Joseph Smith
204:Last Public Address of Lieut. Gen. Joseph Smith
178:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1453:History: Heavenly Mother in Mormon Visual Arts
661:initiative that eventually blossomed into the
223:in 1862. Young John grew up in towns such as
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879:. Salt Lake City: Deseret News. p. 41.
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180:(LDS Church), in preparation for painting
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1591:Haglund, Karl; Luney, Kirthy Ann (1980).
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590:. It was built in 1900 and is now in the
1637:Junior-Senior High School Clearing House
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235:, and the two became childhood friends.
1248:Utah Art, Utah Artists: 150 Year Survey
1153:Brigham Young University - Idaho Forums
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287:. His photographs were also commended.
1427:Christenson, Richard P. (1991-08-18).
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657:to Springville High School sparked an
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1429:"Utah's 'City of Art' Plays the Part"
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215:Hafen was born on March 22, 1856, in
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1787:Swiss emigrants to the United States
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1271:McKinlay, Michael Ann (2011-10-04).
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592:National Register of Historic Places
160:As a child, Hafen immigrated to the
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602:to cover a bare wall in the house.
1713:by Michael Ann McKinlay, from the
840:"John Hafen: Art as Visual Poetry"
340:, Hafen was called as a full-time
176:in Paris under the sponsorship of
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1691:Painters of the Wasatch Mountains
1536:, with many additional paintings.
1051:"Early Images of Historic Nauvoo"
364:. Hafen's teachers also included
148:Utah Art Institute Medal of Honor
1762:19th-century Mormon missionaries
1757:Deaths from pneumonia in Indiana
1495:Winters, Charlene (1996-04-28).
1250:. Gibbs Smith. pp. 10, 38.
1025:Brigham Young University Studies
651:Museum of Church History and Art
291:militia, he completed his work,
1615:The Salt Lake Herald-Republican
1296:Florence, Giles H. Jr. (1988).
1055:history.churchofjesuschrist.org
795:history.churchofjesuschrist.org
624:On June 3, 1910, Hafen died of
1807:American expatriates in France
1:
1782:People from Springville, Utah
1772:Brigham Young Academy faculty
1147:Andersen, Jeff (2006-01-19).
873:Horne, Alice Merrill (1914).
772:Conant, William Lee Roy Jr.,
673:has also featured his works.
348:, then boarded the steamship
928:All Theses and Dissertations
778:All Theses and Dissertations
598:". Hafen painted a mural of
1689:Robert Olpin, Thomas Rugh;
1662:Kenner, Kari (2018-01-30).
1379:Salt Lake Herald-Republican
1325:"Artist John Hafen is Dead"
1079:Salt Lake Herald Republican
975:Salt Lake Herald-Republican
667:Society of American Artists
285:Salt Lake Herald-Republican
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1459:. Accessed March 12, 2019.
346:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1797:Swiss Mormon missionaries
1547:"Before the Commissioner"
1534:Springville Museum of Art
1193:Journal of Mormon History
671:John Herron Art Institute
663:Springville Museum of Art
586:, designed by his friend
474:Girl Among the Hollyhocks
444:Pacific Grove, California
424:Girl Among the Hollyhocks
97:Girl Among the Hollyhocks
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1777:Latter Day Saint artists
1574:Hafen, LeRoy R. (1962).
389:tradition of the French
217:Scherzingen, Switzerland
184:at the nearly completed
44:Scherzingen, Switzerland
1792:Swiss Latter Day Saints
1375:"Art Institute Winners"
1149:"The Paris Art Mission"
971:"An Industrious Artist"
953:Rowley, Dennis (1987).
528:Brown County Art Colony
493:Springville High School
436:North Fork Provo Canyon
84:Society of Utah Artists
1472:Pheysey, Dawn (1996).
653:. Hafen's donation of
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312:The French Art Mission
281:George Edward Anderson
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1478:BYU Studies Quarterly
1402:Todd, Jay M. (1976).
1130:Andersen, Jeffrey D.
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485:Brigham Young Academy
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172:" who studied at the
116:Thora Twede (m. 1879)
58:Indianapolis, Indiana
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1455:" by Martin Pulido.
1329:Ogden Daily Standard
633:. Speakers included
138:Anna Elizabeth Ruesi
86:Utah Art Association
855:(4): 183–184. 1990.
647:Alice Merrill Horne
469:General Authorities
401:Springville Morning
301:Last Public Address
194:Alice Merrill Horne
190:General Authorities
1577:The Hafens of Utah
1528:2015-02-05 at the
1501:Provo Daily Herald
1075:"Line Crayon Work"
635:George H. Brimhall
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532:Thomas R. Marshall
509:Nashville, Indiana
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277:University of Utah
269:George M. Ottinger
263:Hafen enrolled in
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1767:Artists from Utah
1731:John Hafen papers
1350:"The Art Exhibit"
619:Life on the Trail
370:Jean-Paul Laurens
316:With the help of
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73:Years active
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596:John Hafen House
588:Alberto Treganza
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326:Salt Lake Temple
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318:George Q. Cannon
297:Nauvoo, Illinois
265:Karl G. Maeser's
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92:Notable work
1752:1910 deaths
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1484:(1): 58–82.
922:Leek, Tom,
580:Springville
499:Later years
432:Springville
338:Edwin Evans
334:Lorus Pratt
166:Switzerland
54:3 June 1910
1741:Categories
1721:John Hafen
1673:2020-08-10
1621:2020-08-05
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1199:: 91–105.
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1100:"Home Art"
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342:missionary
211:Early life
155:John Hafen
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1523:Biography
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515:'s poem "
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