203:, for the four days he lived in 1316. He is the youngest person to be king of France, the only one to have borne that title from birth, and the only one to hold the title for his entire life. His reign is the shortest of any undisputed French king. Although considered a king today, his status was not recognized until chroniclers and historians in later centuries began numbering
235:
31:
246:
rate was very high in medieval Europe and John may have died from any number of causes, but rumours of poisoning spread immediately after his death (including one which said that he had been murdered with a pin by his aunt), as many people benefited from it, and as John's father had also died in
274:. The birth of a male child was expected to give France its king. The problem of succession returned when John died four days after birth. Philip ascended the throne at the expense of John's four-year-old half-sister,
321:
by placing
Baglioni on the French throne. Shortly after they met in 1354, di Rienzo was assassinated, and Baglioni waited two years to report his claims. He went to the Hungarian court where
383:, on the throne. Marie is coerced into secretly raising John as her own son, named Giannino Baglioni. An adult Giannino was portrayed by Jean-GĂ©rard Sandoz in the 1972
1919:
218:, until his death on 19 November 1316. His death ended the three centuries of father-to-son succession to the French throne. The infant king was buried in the
1357:
702:
1909:
302:(1356–1360), a man named Giannino Baglioni claimed to be John I and thus the heir to the throne. He tried to assert his rights, but was captured in
726:
298:, had him poisoned. Then, a strange story a few decades later started the rumor that the little King John was not dead. During the captivity of
1929:
492:
1904:
542:
283:
1442:
1432:
1260:
480:
1389:
396:
1422:
588:
574:
gives 13 and 18 November. His burial took place on Sunday 20 according to the same source, although the 20th was actually a
Saturday.
262:
that the succession from father to son of the kings of France was interrupted. It was then decided to wait until his pregnant widow,
1934:
1350:
695:
1293:
1467:
1394:
1457:
721:
1384:
1785:
418:
Chronique latine de
Guillaume de Nangis, de 1113 Ă 1300, avec les continuations de cette chronique, de 1300 Ă 1368, tome 1
384:
50:
1914:
1417:
1343:
688:
1866:
1366:
662:
376:
196:
1874:
1610:
1267:
271:
493:"Histoire et Secrets – découvrir l'histoire de France et du monde – Jean Ier : un règne de quatre jours"
1924:
1870:
736:
658:
363:(1957), the infant John is temporarily switched with the child of Guccio Baglioni and Marie de Cressay as a
219:
1761:
1752:
1596:
1581:
1500:
1437:
1103:
731:
317:
manufactured false evidence that
Baglioni was John the Posthumous in order to strengthen his own power in
1617:
1576:
1571:
1495:
1477:
1447:
1427:
1093:
432:
337:
refused to receive him. After several attempts to gain recognition, he was arrested and imprisoned in
1899:
1894:
1839:
1646:
1586:
1548:
1472:
1412:
1128:
1123:
1088:
1054:
1029:
1019:
326:
263:
222:. He was succeeded by his uncle, Philip, whose contested legitimacy led to the re-affirmation of the
160:
127:
500:
1844:
1805:
1795:
1742:
1683:
1664:
1528:
1462:
1278:
1254:
1157:
1133:
1113:
1083:
1073:
1034:
1014:
1009:
989:
920:
915:
871:
747:
567:
372:
359:
1800:
1790:
1712:
1707:
1623:
1553:
1543:
1505:
1487:
1370:
1304:
1214:
1177:
1144:
1118:
1049:
1024:
1004:
999:
955:
945:
940:
672:
380:
368:
322:
295:
275:
267:
215:
1688:
1563:
1404:
1824:
1776:
1766:
1604:
1533:
1510:
1452:
1078:
1039:
994:
965:
960:
950:
651:
538:
476:
299:
279:
255:
204:
200:
150:
1829:
1815:
1698:
1287:
1240:
1168:
910:
417:
353:
348:
334:
251:
184:
534:
1641:
1064:
930:
905:
889:
243:
176:
92:
87:
80:
45:
294:
Various legends circulated about this royal child. First, it was claimed that his uncle,
329:, allegedly recognized him as the son of Louis and Clementia. In 1360, Baglioni went to
1520:
975:
836:
617:
314:
192:
140:
41:
1888:
1849:
1633:
935:
861:
826:
791:
357:
dramatises this theory and develops it as a major plotline throughout the series. In
344:
70:
1834:
1313:
856:
846:
841:
821:
816:
761:
527:
1854:
1737:
1249:
1229:
925:
899:
851:
806:
796:
781:
771:
445:
1717:
1203:
1182:
984:
894:
876:
801:
786:
766:
259:
258:, his father, died without a son to succeed him, it was the first time since
1732:
1722:
1197:
1187:
1108:
831:
811:
223:
234:
30:
1727:
1223:
1192:
1098:
880:
756:
475:(Fact Attack series) p. 23 by Ian Locke; published by Macmillan in 1999;
375:
and protector of the child, and his wife. He is subsequently poisoned by
303:
250:
The premature death of John brought the first issue of succession of the
226:, which excluded women from the line of succession to the French throne.
460:
Le rôle méconnu de la Loi
Salique: La succession royale, XIV-XVI siècles
247:
strange circumstances. The cause of his death is still not known today.
776:
533:. Translated by William McCuaig. University of Chicago Press. pp.
330:
211:
135:
1335:
1674:
1656:
680:
338:
364:
233:
318:
270:, was in charge of the regency of the kingdom against his uncle
1339:
684:
387:
of the series, and by Lorans Stoica in the 2005 adaptation.
379:, in order to place John's uncle (and Mahaut's son-in-law),
525:
Carpegna
Falconieri, Tommaso di (19 September 2008).
1814:
1775:
1751:
1697:
1673:
1655:
1632:
1595:
1562:
1519:
1486:
1403:
1377:
1303:
1277:
1239:
1213:
1167:
1142:
1063:
974:
870:
746:
156:
146:
134:
122:
112:
102:
98:
86:
76:
66:
58:
40:
23:
526:
566:These are the dates given by the continuator of
313:, Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri suggests that
667:15 November – 19 November 1316
207:, thereby acknowledging John I's brief reign.
1351:
696:
8:
520:
518:
599:. Vol. 28. July 1896. pp. 160–61.
572:Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 Ă 1339
549:The Man Who Believed He Was King of France.
433:Chronique parisienne anonyme du XIVe siècle
266:, delivered the child. The king's brother,
1358:
1344:
1336:
703:
689:
681:
608:
529:The Man Who Believed He Was King of France
311:The Man Who Believed He Was King of France
29:
20:
199:, as the posthumous son and successor of
559:
408:
1920:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
210:John reigned for four days under the
171:(15 – 19 November 1316), called
7:
1324:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
446:Julian Day and Civil Date Calculator
397:List of shortest-reigning monarchs
35:Tomb effigy of John the Posthumous
14:
1910:14th-century Navarrese monarchs
589:"Summaries of Foreign Reviews:
306:and died in captivity in 1363.
116:19 November 1316 (aged 4 days)
1:
1930:Monarchs who died as children
1905:14th-century kings of France
462:. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
385:French miniseries adaptation
499:(in French). Archived from
381:Philippe, Count of Poitiers
1953:
377:Mahaut, Countess of Artois
62:15 – 19 November 1316
1863:
1322:
716:
669:
656:
643:
638:
611:
458:Giesey, Ralph E. (2007).
341:, where he died in 1363.
238:Funerary convoy of John I
93:Philip, Count of Poitiers
28:
371:, former chamberlain to
1935:Medieval child monarchs
737:List of French monarchs
497:histoire-et-secrets.com
220:Basilica of Saint-Denis
1243:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
732:List of Frankish kings
727:Simplified family tree
430:Amedée Hellot (1884).
415:Hercule GĂ©raud (1843)
239:
188:
180:
16:King of France in 1316
237:
722:Detailed family tree
593:– Giannino Baglioni"
503:on 25 September 2015
473:Magnificent Monarchs
327:Clementia of Hungary
284:Margaret of Burgundy
264:Clementia of Hungary
161:Clementia of Hungary
128:Saint Denis Basilica
1915:Nobility from Paris
1875:King/Queen of Spain
1753:House of Trastámara
1597:House of Trastámara
1158:Henry VI of England
652:Louis the Quarreler
597:The Scottish Review
568:Guillaume de Nangis
1488:House of Champagne
1443:GarcĂa Sánchez III
1305:House of Bonaparte
1215:House of Bonaparte
1145:House of Lancaster
711:Monarchs of France
648:Title last held by
369:Hugues de Bouville
323:Louis I of Hungary
240:
216:Philip V of France
181:Jean I le Posthume
1882:
1881:
1777:House of Habsburg
1433:GarcĂa Sánchez II
1333:
1332:
1294:Louis Philippe II
1217:(1804–1814; 1815)
679:
678:
670:Succeeded by
613:John I of France
544:978-0-226-14525-9
290:Supposed survival
272:Charles of Valois
189:Joan I lo Postume
166:
165:
151:Louis X of France
1942:
1816:House of Bourbon
1699:House of Bourbon
1423:GarcĂa Sánchez I
1405:House of Jiménez
1378:House of Íñiguez
1360:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1288:Louis Philippe I
1279:House of Orléans
1241:House of Bourbon
1169:House of Bourbon
705:
698:
691:
682:
634:
633:19 November 1316
627:
626:15 November 1316
609:
600:
575:
564:
552:
551:
532:
522:
513:
512:
510:
508:
489:
483:
470:
464:
463:
455:
449:
443:
437:
428:
422:
413:
360:La Loi des mâles
354:Les Rois maudits
349:historical novel
335:Pope Innocent VI
252:Capetian dynasty
106:15 November 1316
33:
21:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1859:
1818:- Upper Navarre
1810:
1779:- Upper Navarre
1771:
1755:- Upper Navarre
1747:
1701:- Lower Navarre
1693:
1677:- Lower Navarre
1675:House of Albret
1669:
1657:House of Albret
1651:
1642:Francis Phoebus
1628:
1591:
1564:House of Évreux
1558:
1515:
1482:
1399:
1373:
1364:
1334:
1329:
1318:
1299:
1273:
1235:
1209:
1163:
1138:
1065:House of Valois
1059:
970:
931:Charles the Fat
890:Pepin the Short
875:
866:
742:
741:
712:
709:
675:
673:Philip the Tall
666:
649:
628:
622:
621:
614:
607:
587:
584:
582:Further reading
579:
578:
565:
561:
556:
555:
545:
524:
523:
516:
506:
504:
491:
490:
486:
481:978-0330-374965
471:
467:
457:
456:
452:
444:
440:
429:
425:
414:
410:
405:
393:
296:Philip the Tall
292:
268:Philip the Tall
244:child mortality
232:
130:
117:
107:
81:Philip V and II
54:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:House of Capet
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1871:King of France
1867:King of Aragon
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1521:House of Capet
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1468:GarcĂa RamĂrez
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1390:GarcĂa Íñiguez
1387:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
981:
979:
976:House of Capet
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
897:
892:
886:
884:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
837:Childebert III
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
753:
751:
744:
743:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
717:
714:
713:
710:
708:
707:
700:
693:
685:
677:
676:
671:
668:
659:King of France
655:
647:
641:
640:
639:Regnal titles
636:
635:
618:House of Capet
615:
612:
606:
605:External links
603:
602:
601:
591:Natura ed Arte
583:
580:
577:
576:
558:
557:
554:
553:
543:
514:
484:
465:
450:
438:
423:
421:. pp. 430–431.
407:
406:
404:
401:
400:
399:
392:
389:
315:Cola di Rienzo
291:
288:
278:, daughter of
231:
228:
214:of his uncle,
193:King of France
173:the Posthumous
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
126:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
48:
42:King of France
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Ferdinand III
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1634:House of Foix
1631:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Jimeno Garcés
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1395:Fortún Garcés
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
980:
977:
973:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
885:
882:
878:
873:
869:
863:
862:Childeric III
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:Theuderic III
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
792:Childebert II
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
752:
749:
745:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
715:
706:
701:
699:
694:
692:
687:
686:
683:
674:
665:
664:
660:
654:
653:
646:
642:
637:
632:
625:
620:
619:
610:
604:
598:
594:
592:
586:
585:
581:
573:
569:
563:
560:
550:
546:
540:
536:
531:
530:
521:
519:
515:
502:
498:
494:
488:
485:
482:
478:
474:
469:
466:
461:
454:
451:
447:
442:
439:
435:
434:
427:
424:
420:
419:
412:
409:
402:
398:
395:
394:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
346:
345:Maurice Druon
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
300:John the Good
297:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
245:
236:
229:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
162:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:Paris, France
115:
111:
108:Paris, France
105:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
71:Louis X and I
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1835:Ferdinand II
1616:
1609:
1538:
1385:Íñigo Arista
1325:
1314:Napoleon III
1292:
1266:
1259:
1228:
1202:
1156:
1148:
1143:
1104:Charles VIII
1044:
872:Carolingians
857:Theuderic IV
847:Chilperic II
842:Dagobert III
822:Childeric II
817:Chlothar III
762:Childebert I
748:Merovingians
657:
650:
644:
630:
623:
616:
596:
590:
571:
562:
548:
528:
507:15 September
505:. Retrieved
501:the original
496:
487:
472:
468:
459:
453:
441:
431:
426:
416:
411:
358:
352:
343:
325:, nephew of
310:
308:
293:
249:
241:
230:Consequences
209:
172:
168:
167:
18:
1900:1316 deaths
1895:1316 births
1845:Charles VII
1762:Ferdinand I
1582:Charles III
1501:Theobald II
1307:(1852–1870)
1281:(1830–1848)
1250:Louis XVIII
1230:Napoleon II
1171:(1589–1792)
1149:(1422–1453)
1094:Charles VII
1067:(1328–1589)
941:Charles III
926:Carloman II
902:(Charles I)
900:Charlemagne
852:Chlothar IV
807:Sigebert II
797:Chlothar II
782:Chilperic I
772:Charibert I
67:Predecessor
1889:Categories
1855:Isabella I
1840:Charles VI
1825:Philip VII
1786:Charles IV
1618:Blanche II
1611:Charles IV
1577:Charles II
1572:Philip III
1496:Theobald I
1478:Sancho VII
1438:Sancho III
1224:Napoleon I
1204:Louis XVII
1183:Louis XIII
1129:Charles IX
1124:Francis II
1089:Charles VI
1055:Charles IV
1030:Philip III
1020:Louis VIII
985:Hugh Capet
978:(987–1328)
911:Charles II
895:Carloman I
877:Robertians
802:Dagobert I
787:Sigebert I
767:Chlothar I
403:References
260:Hugh Capet
1806:Charles V
1801:Philip VI
1791:Philip IV
1743:Charles V
1723:Louis III
1713:Henry III
1647:Catherine
1587:Blanche I
1549:Charles I
1544:Philip II
1473:Sancho VI
1463:Alfonso I
1448:Sancho IV
1428:Sancho II
1261:Louis XIX
1255:Charles X
1198:Louis XVI
1188:Louis XIV
1134:Henry III
1114:Francis I
1109:Louis XII
1084:Charles V
1074:Philip VI
1035:Philip IV
1015:Philip II
1010:Louis VII
990:Robert II
921:Louis III
883:(751–987)
832:Clovis IV
812:Clovis II
750:(509–751)
373:Philip IV
224:Salic law
77:Successor
1830:Louis II
1796:Philip V
1767:Joan III
1738:Louis VI
1728:Louis IV
1718:Louis II
1689:Joan III
1684:Henry II
1665:John III
1529:Philip I
1453:Sancho V
1413:Sancho I
1367:Monarchs
1193:Louis XV
1178:Henry IV
1119:Henry II
1099:Louis XI
1050:Philip V
1025:Louis IX
1005:Louis VI
1000:Philip I
956:Louis IV
946:Robert I
916:Louis II
881:Bosonids
757:Clovis I
436:. p. 26.
391:See also
304:Provence
1873:. Also
1869:. Also
1733:Louis V
1708:Antoine
1624:Eleanor
1605:John II
1554:Joan II
1534:Louis I
1506:Henry I
1458:Peter I
1371:Navarre
1326:italics
1268:Henry V
1079:John II
1040:Louis X
995:Henry I
966:Louis V
961:Lothair
951:Rudolph
906:Louis I
777:Guntram
663:Navarre
351:series
331:Avignon
280:Louis X
256:Louis X
254:. When
212:regency
205:John II
201:Louis X
197:Navarre
191:), was
185:Occitan
51:more...
46:Navarre
1539:John I
1511:Joan I
1045:John I
645:Vacant
629:
570:. The
541:
479:
339:Naples
333:, but
177:French
169:John I
157:Mother
147:Father
123:Burial
88:Regent
24:John I
1865:Also
631:Died:
624:Born:
365:decoy
141:Capet
136:House
59:Reign
879:and
661:and
539:ISBN
509:2014
477:ISBN
319:Rome
282:and
276:Joan
242:The
195:and
113:Died
103:Born
44:and
1369:of
936:Odo
535:224
367:by
347:'s
309:In
1891::
595:.
547:.
537:.
517:^
495:.
286:.
187::
183:,
179::
53:)
1877:.
1359:e
1352:t
1345:v
1328:.
874:,
704:e
697:t
690:v
511:.
448:.
175:(
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
