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148:. Most of the homesteads were located north of Spruce Creek and northwest of the inlet, near Dunlawton. Its first post office was built in 1867 in what is now the town of Ponce Inlet and was moved a few miles north in 1868. Esther taught with the Freedmen's Aid Society and may have established the first integrated school in Florida.
117:. He established a school for the freed blacks and "recruited most of the 33rd Colored Troops for the Union Army then served as their physician" and "was one of the first to urge emancipation of the slaves and to use them as soldiers." He was appointed Assistant Surgeon with the rank of Major in the
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Sandy soil proved a challenge and corruption is believed to have caused supplies to be stolen before being delivered to the settlement which soon failed. A report found the colonists who remained in poor condition and surviving by eating coutee or coontie (the starchy roots of a native plant),
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Esther continued teaching after the colony's decline, but in
January 1869 a new schoolhouse was torched and in 1870 she returned to New England to practice medicine. Eighty-three blacks remained in the eastern part of Volusia County. Hawks planted an orange grove south of Port Orange on the
102:, to Colburn and Clarissa Brown Hawks. He passed the teacher's exam at age 15, studied medicine two years later while teaching in Georgia and received his medical degree in 1847. Hawks was a doctor and staunch abolitionist in
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Henry
Tolliver, a successful black homesteader, and Hannah Tolliver owned land in the northwest corner of Port Orange. Some of the former colonists lived on their land in a community later dubbed
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59:. He was also clerk of the Florida House of Representatives from 1868 to 1870. A plaque in his honor is located at the Edgewater City Hall at 104 North Riverside Drive in
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In addition to being a physician, Hawks was an author, historian, teacher, newspaper publisher, army officer, orange grower, first superintendent of
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Gerald
Schwartz, ed., A Woman Doctor’s Civil War: Esther Hill Hawks’ Diary (Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1984)
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132:. He treated former slaves and freedmen, who he had also advocated for before the war. Hawks advocated for the creation of the first
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with other officers. The business provided homes and jobs for freed slaves. He named the business's settlement for freed blacks
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and founder of Hawks Park, later renamed
Edgewater Park. Esther's diary was found in an attic in 1975 and published as
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252:"The East Coast of Florida : John Milton Hawks : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive"
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90:. It was edited by Gerald Schwartz and covers a period before the Hawks settled in Florida.
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The East Coast of
Florida: A Descriptive Narrative - John Milton Hawks - Google Boeken
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Human
Pilgrimage: The Civil War Activities of Drs. John Milton and Esther Hill Hawks
186:. It was later renamed Edgewater New Smyrna Cemetery and is located in what is now
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67:, published in 1887 by L.J. Sweett and/ or Lewis & Winsship He is listed as a
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Hawks was then appointed
Surgeon of the 21st Colored Troops and practiced in
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and established Hawks Park in 1871, it was renamed
Edgewater by the
323:"Special Projects - The Florida Quest (Florida's Ghost Town Trail)"
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Hawks died April 2, 1910, and was buried in Hawks Park
Cemetery in
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by Gerald
Schwartz West Carolina University, Cullowhee
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A Woman Doctor's Civil War: Esther Hill Hawks' Diary
109:In December 1861, he volunteered as a physician in
65:The East Coast of Florida: A Descriptive Narrative
55:he was secretary of the board of registration for
433:People of New Hampshire in the American Civil War
47:as well as a businessman and Florida settler in
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351:"John and Esther Hawks had Multiple Talents"
194:. In 1924 Hawks Park was renamed Edgewater.
428:People of Florida in the American Civil War
128:, Florida in 1872 after his service in the
39:(November 26, 1826 – April 2, 1910) was an
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98:Hawks was born on November 26, 1826, in
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458:19th-century American businesspeople
418:People from Bradford, New Hampshire
19:For persons of a similar name, see
77:New England Female Medical College
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423:People from Port Orange, Florida
218:Florida Memory (includes photo)
138:Florida Land and Lumber Company
136:. In 1865, he helped found the
273:The letters of Andrew Turnbull
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355:Daytona Beach Morning Journal
453:Activists from New Hampshire
438:Businesspeople from Florida
115:Sea Islands, South Carolina
113:to treat escaped slaves in
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448:Writers from New Hampshire
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293:December 5, 2013, at the
192:Manchester, New Hampshire
162:Florida State Legislature
104:Manchester, New Hampshire
121:'s 33rd Colored Troops.
134:Freedman's Savings Bank
100:Bradford, New Hampshire
408:American abolitionists
84:Volusia County Schools
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16:American abolitionist
443:Writers from Florida
188:Edgewater, Florida
61:Edgewater, Florida
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380:Esther Hill Hawks
216:John Milton Hawks
73:Esther Hill Hawks
37:John Milton Hawks
32:Hawks, circa 1870
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63:. Hawks wrote
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359:. Retrieved
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169:Freemanville
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158:Indian River
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146:Freemanville
126:Jacksonville
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71:. His wife,
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41:abolitionist
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403:1910 deaths
398:1826 births
357:. p. 6
325:. Nie World
142:Port Orange
392:Categories
198:References
119:Union Army
21:John Hawks
164:in 1924.
94:Biography
51:. During
291:Archived
173:molasses
361:May 12,
329:May 10,
258:May 10,
236:May 10,
177:cotton
363:2013
331:2013
260:2013
238:2013
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
