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536:
671:
543:
Salmond became
Commander of the Training Brigade in July 1916 and then, as General Officer Commanding Training Division from August 1917, he opened many more flying schools, laid down minimum training standards and introduced new modern teaching methods. He was appointed Director-General of Military
523:
Salmond went on to be
Officer Commanding the Administrative Wing at RAF Farnborough in April 1915, and having been promoted to the substantive rank of major on 8 January 1916, he became Commander of II Brigade RFC in February 1916, Commander of V Brigade RFC later that month and of VI Brigade RFC in
79:
552:
on 7 December 1917, Salmond became
General Officer Commanding the Royal Flying Corps in the Field (formation subsequently redesignated Royal Air Force in the Field) on 18 January 1918 and managed to secure complete air superiority over the German forces. He was appointed a
738:
In 1913, Salmond married Helen Amy Joy
Lumsden. Less than three years later, in 1916, Helen Salmond died giving birth to their first child. In 1924, Salmond married for the second time, this time to Hon. Monica Margaret Grenfell; they had a son and a daughter:
473:
3059:
480:, he became a flight commander at the Central Flying School on 12 November 1912 and then a squadron commander there on 31 May 1913. In December 1913 he set the solo British altitude record at 13,140 feet. He became Officer Commanding
3064:
3074:
3054:
3029:
2979:
2999:
662:. However, only 27 days later, Geoffrey Salmond died and John Salmond was temporarily re-appointed as Chief of the Air Staff. He stood down for the second and final time on 22 May 1933.
3049:
3024:
2964:
2989:
591:). He was made Air Officer Commanding Southern Area in September 1919 and then Air Officer Commanding Inland Area in April 1920. In October 1922 he became Air Officer Commanding
3044:
3019:
3004:
529:
320:
246:
50:
2974:
2458:
3034:
3009:
2398:
706:
immediately acted the post of
Director-General of Flying Control and Air Sea Rescue. Ill health forced Salmond to retire in 1943; however he remained President of the
619:
in
January 1925. He was placed on loan to Australian Government in May 1928, where he made an extensive aerial tour of northern Australia. before being promoted to
450:
but was turned down on the grounds that he was too young: he re-applied the following year and was accepted on 14 November 1903. He was immediately seconded to the
2984:
2969:
869:
853:
1523:
3079:
455:
313:
242:
43:
458:
on 5 April 1904. Salmond's time in Africa was cut short as he was pronounced medically unfit and returned to
England in November 1906. He was promoted to
658:
on 1 January 1933 and he relinquished the post of Chief of the Air Staff on 1 April 1933. Salmond was succeeded by his older brother, Air Chief
Marshal
3039:
2712:
573:
291:
710:
for 23 years and regularly appeared at major RAF events. He became
Honorary Air Commodore of No. 3618 (County of Sussex) Fighter Control Unit of the
3069:
2994:
2508:
459:
2959:
2697:
2407:
2307:
631:
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371:
296:
173:
581:
272:
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554:
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327:
250:
57:
2863:
2672:
1972:
1881:
3014:
2391:
2000:
587:
Salmond was awarded a permanent commission in the Royal Air Force as a major-general in August 1919 (shortly afterwards redesignated as an
690:. In the autumn of 1940, he chaired a committee of enquiry into Britain's night air defences; his report was one factor in the removal of
2158:
2523:
1862:
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1900:
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423:
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on 9 March 1901. He sailed for South Africa to join his unit, which was engaged in the latter part of the
354:
he served as a squadron commander, a wing commander and then as
General Officer Commanding the RAF on the
2783:
2606:
1060:
535:
466:
382:, which would have led to the UK's complete aerial disarmament. In the event the talks broke down when
2954:
2949:
2808:
2788:
1944:
707:
642:
which would have led to the UK's complete aerial disarmament. In the event the talks broke down when
634:
on 1 January 1930. In that role he bitterly opposed the position taken by British politicians at the
20:
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1474:
1414:
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1802:
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2018:
1980:
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406:. After first being taught by a series of governesses he then attended Miss Dixon's School in
1374:
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743:
Julian John William Salmond who married his distant cousin, Brigid Louise Wright, sister of
651:
608:
592:
588:
561:
399:
367:
359:
232:
188:
1082:
1020:
960:
698:. Salmond resigned his post as Director of Armament Production in 1941 after clashing with
342:(17 July 1881 â 16 April 1968) was a British military officer who rose to high rank in the
2803:
2742:
2677:
2629:
2573:
2568:
2533:
2513:
2503:
2498:
2423:
2197:
1990:
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in the early 1930s and bitterly opposed the position taken by British politicians at the
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604:
407:
363:
1526:. United States Air Force, Air University, Air and Space Power Journal. Archived from
2943:
2727:
2538:
2071:
1851:
2358:
1. A list of Salmond's military appointments can be found in Probert, Henry (1991).
834:
2918:
2913:
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2843:
2818:
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362:
in the early 1920s when he halted a Turkish invasion and sought to put down a
118:
19:
This article is about the British air marshal. For the New Zealand judge, see
1821:
Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 17th edition
415:
338:
258:
68:
2598:
2376:
679:
1919:
Swifter than eagles â A biography of Marshal of the RAF Sir John Salmond
670:
1926:
549:
500:
on 1 May 1914. He continued in that role during the early weeks of the
646:
withdrew from the Conference in October 1933. Salmond was advanced to
3060:
Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
2103:
Command retitled Officer Commanding the Training Brigade in July 1916
727:
639:
600:
379:
101:
398:
and Emma Mary Salmond (nÊe Hoyle). His siblings included a brother,
358:
towards the end of the war. He went on to be Air Officer Commanding
669:
534:
596:
2602:
2380:
1524:"Air Power in Small Wars â the British air control experience"
434:
After Salmond graduated from Sandhurst with a commission as a
595:, in which role, as officer commanding all British forces in
615:
on 2 June 1923, he became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief,
3075:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
686:, Salmond was Director of Armament Production at the
504:
until August 1914, when he became Officer Commanding
3065:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914â1918 (France)
3055:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
3030:
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
2761:
2665:
2644:
611:, the British-sponsored ruler of Iraq. Promoted to
238:
220:
169:
159:
151:
133:
125:
108:
88:
30:
2980:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
2639:RAF generals between 1 April 1918 and 31 July 1919
1850:
921:. Air of Authority â A History of RAF Organisation
790:
564:on 10 October 1918 and a Commander of the Belgian
530:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
247:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
919:"Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Salmond"
410:, London. At the age of nine Salmond was sent to
3000:People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
568:on 8 November 1918 and was awarded the Belgian
560:Salmond was appointed an Officer of the French
476:on 13 August 1912. Having been seconded to the
394:John Salmond was born the son of Major General
3050:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
386:withdrew from the Conference in October 1933.
370:, the British-sponsored ruler of Iraq. He was
3025:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
2965:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
2614:
2392:
1811:(Supplement). 17 November 1953. p. 6229.
1423:(Supplement). 5 November 1918. p. 13200.
1363:(Supplement). 18 October 1918. p. 12449.
1343:(Supplement). 19 February 1918. p. 2290.
1303:(Supplement). 26 October 1917. p. 11114.
1243:(Supplement). 15 February 1916. p. 1777.
446:. In 1902 he applied for a secondment to the
438:on 8 January 1901, he was transferred to the
8:
2990:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1979:Officer Commanding the Administrative Wing,
1483:(Supplement). 19 August 1919. p. 10608.
1403:(Supplement). 8 October 1918. p. 11943.
1163:(Supplement). 16 October 1914. p. 8347.
801:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
278:Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy
3045:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)
2111:Enlarged to Training Division in June 1917
1791:(Supplement). 10 January 1950. p. 170.
1679:(Supplement). 30 December 1932. p. 15.
1443:(Supplement). 31 December 1918. p. 91.
1223:(Supplement). 11 January 1916. p. 533.
648:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
576:on 1 January 1919 and awarded the American
243:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
3020:Royal West African Frontier Force officers
2621:
2607:
2599:
2399:
2385:
2377:
1933:
1874:Hurricane: Victor of the Battle of Britain
1762:(Supplement). 29 April 1936. p. 2768.
1183:(Supplement). 23 March 1915. p. 2940.
572:on the same date. He was also appointed a
77:
27:
16:Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1881â1968)
3005:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
1853:The Defeat of Distance: Qantas, 1919â1939
1636:
1634:
1463:(Supplement). 11 July 1919. p. 8986.
574:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
2975:Chiefs of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)
2159:Director-General of Military Aeronautics
1659:(Supplement). 2 June 1931. p. 3626.
1558:(Supplement). 1 June 1923. p. 3953.
1283:(Supplement). 1 June 1917. p. 5460.
1263:(Supplement). 2 June 1916. p. 5565.
1120:
1118:
3035:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
3010:Royal Air Force generals of World War I
864:
862:
798:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
764:
548:on 18 October 1917. Promoted to brevet
2360:High Commanders of the Royal Air Force
1893:High Commanders of the Royal Air Force
913:
911:
909:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
750:Rosemary Laura Salmond who married to
555:Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
524:March 1916. He was promoted to brevet
251:Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
2970:British Army personnel of World War I
2122:Division formed from Training Brigade
1688:
1686:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
7:
1921:. William Blackwood & Sons Ltd.
83:Air Marshal Sir John Salmond in 1925
714:on 5 January 1950 and attended the
528:on 3 June 1916 and was appointed a
440:King's Own Royal Lancaster Regiment
3080:People educated at Aysgarth School
2985:King's Own Royal Regiment officers
1009:. 20 September 1904. p. 6045.
603:invasion and sought to put down a
516:on 8 October 1914 and awarded the
14:
1627:. 31 December 1929. p. 8506.
1323:. 7 December 1917. p. 12813.
989:. 18 December 1903. p. 8338.
844:Whytes. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
424:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
282:Commander of the Order of Leopold
3040:Officers of the Legion of Honour
2587:
2221:As Officer Commanding Iraq Group
1383:. 27 August 1918. p. 10004.
1111:. 28 October 1913. p. 7522.
678:Salmond attended the funeral of
3070:British aviation record holders
2995:Marshals of the Royal Air Force
2185:General Officer Commanding the
1029:. 15 January 1907. p. 328.
854:Obituary Mary H. Hoyle Salmond.
704:Minister of Aircraft Production
688:Ministry of Aircraft Production
580:on 15 July 1919 and the French
268:Officer of the Legion of Honour
2960:Military personnel from London
1702:. 31 March 1933. p. 2194.
1503:. 1 August 1919. p. 9864.
1203:. 16 April 1915. p. 3722.
1091:. 7 January 1913. p. 150.
969:. 5 January 1904. p. 110.
789:Meilinger, Phillip S. (2004).
656:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
539:Major-General Salmond in 1917.
465:Salmond learned to fly at the
306:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
164:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
33:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
1:
1607:. 1 January 1929. p. 72.
1587:. 1 January 1929. p. 71.
1049:. 12 July 1910. p. 4957.
949:. 8 March 1901. p. 1655.
2834:Percy Robert Clifford Groves
2254:Air Defence of Great Britain
2200:in the Field on 1 April 1918
1876:. John Murray (Publishers).
1857:. Univ of Queensland Press.
1742:. 23 May 1933. p. 3457.
1143:. 12 May 1914. p. 3837.
1063:. Flight International. 1912
822:UK public library membership
682:in January 1936. During the
636:World Disarmament Conference
617:Air Defence of Great Britain
422:and in 1900 he attended the
376:World Disarmament Conference
184:Air Defence of Great Britain
3015:Royal Flying Corps officers
1835:, volume 3 (2003), p. 3,283
1722:. 2 May 1933. p. 2940.
856:. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
578:Distinguished Service Medal
518:Distinguished Service Order
496:with the temporary rank of
448:West African Frontier Force
412:Aysgarth Preparatory School
297:Distinguished Service Medal
255:Distinguished Service Order
3096:
2128:General Officer Commanding
654:. Salmond was promoted to
18:
2824:Francis Leycester Festing
2637:
2585:
2414:
2356:
2347:
2337:
2330:
2324:
2314:
2305:
2297:
2287:
2278:
2270:
2260:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2213:
2183:
2175:
2165:
2156:
2148:
2138:
2125:
2116:
2095:
2089:
2068:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2025:
2015:
2005:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1941:
1936:
722:in June 1953. He died at
712:Royal Auxiliary Air Force
418:. In 1894, he went up to
309:Sir John Maitland Salmond
76:
2899:Francis Rowland Scarlett
2703:Frederick Heath-Caldwell
2657:John de Mestre Hutchison
2362:. London: HMSO. p. 103.
2281:Air Member for Personnel
2083:Absorbed into VI Brigade
1061:"Aviators' Certificates"
625:Air Member for Personnel
469:in 1912 and was awarded
292:Order of the White Eagle
197:VI Brigade RFC (1916â17)
179:Air Member for Personnel
2408:Chiefs of the Air Staff
2332:Chief of the Air Staff
2227:Air Officer Commanding
2097:Officer Commanding the
2070:Officer Commanding the
2041:Officer Commanding the
1891:Probert, Henry (1991).
1872:McKinstry, Leo (2010).
514:mentioned in despatches
263:Mentioned in Despatches
214:No. 7 Squadron RFC
209:No. 3 Squadron RFC
195:Southern Area (1919â20)
2839:Robert Marsland Groves
2308:Chief of the Air Staff
2132:Training Division, RFC
2076:February â March 1916
840:21 August 2014 at the
807:10.1093/ref:odnb/35915
747:and had four children.
675:
632:Chief of the Air Staff
630:Salmond was appointed
540:
372:Chief of the Air Staff
360:British Forces in Iraq
174:Chief of the Air Staff
2784:Harold Douglas Briggs
1917:Laffin, John (1964).
674:MRAF Sir John Salmond
673:
538:
467:Central Flying School
454:and then promoted to
201:II Brigade RFC (1916)
193:Inland Area (1920â22)
152:Years of service
2809:Christopher Courtney
2789:Robert Brooke-Popham
2579:Sir Richard Knighton
2519:Sir Keith Williamson
2489:Sir Charles Elworthy
2449:Sir Edward Ellington
2439:Sir Geoffrey Salmond
2350:Notes and references
2341:Sir Edward Ellington
2327:Sir Geoffrey Salmond
2318:Sir Geoffrey Salmond
2208:Post disestablished
2136:June â October 1917
2047:10â16 February 1916
1945:Robert Brooke-Popham
1772:McKinstry, pp. 222â3
708:Royal Air Force Club
660:Sir Geoffrey Salmond
199:V Brigade RFC (1916)
21:John Salmond (judge)
2869:Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt
2645:Lieutenant-Generals
2574:Sir Michael Wigston
2569:Sir Stephen Hillier
2534:Sir Michael Graydon
2514:Sir Michael Beetham
2504:Sir Andrew Humphrey
2499:Sir Denis Spotswood
2474:Sir William Dickson
2424:Sir Frederick Sykes
2252:Commander-in-Chief
2152:Sir David Henderson
2036:on 15 January 1916
2007:Officer Commanding
1951:Officer Commanding
1849:Gunn, John (1985).
870:"Hoyle Connections"
627:on 1 January 1929.
584:on 21 August 1919.
557:on 13 August 1918.
544:Aeronautics at the
506:No. 3 Squadron
474:certificate No. 272
396:Sir William Salmond
2762:Brigadier-Generals
2564:Sir Andrew Pulford
2559:Sir Stephen Dalton
2429:Sir Hugh Trenchard
2419:Sir Hugh Trenchard
2301:Sir Hugh Trenchard
2291:Sir Tom Webb-Bowen
2187:Royal Flying Corps
2030:Title last held by
1808:The London Gazette
1788:The London Gazette
1759:The London Gazette
1739:The London Gazette
1719:The London Gazette
1699:The London Gazette
1676:The London Gazette
1656:The London Gazette
1624:The London Gazette
1604:The London Gazette
1584:The London Gazette
1555:The London Gazette
1500:The London Gazette
1480:The London Gazette
1460:The London Gazette
1440:The London Gazette
1420:The London Gazette
1400:The London Gazette
1380:The London Gazette
1360:The London Gazette
1340:The London Gazette
1320:The London Gazette
1300:The London Gazette
1280:The London Gazette
1260:The London Gazette
1240:The London Gazette
1220:The London Gazette
1200:The London Gazette
1180:The London Gazette
1160:The London Gazette
1140:The London Gazette
1108:The London Gazette
1088:The London Gazette
1046:The London Gazette
1026:The London Gazette
1006:The London Gazette
986:The London Gazette
966:The London Gazette
946:The London Gazette
835:Irish Art Auction.
792:"Sir John Salmond"
730:on 16 April 1968.
720:Queen Elizabeth II
676:
541:
526:lieutenant colonel
520:on 24 March 1915.
478:Royal Flying Corps
420:Wellington College
344:Royal Flying Corps
2937:
2936:
2924:James George Weir
2769:William Alexander
2723:Charles Longcroft
2596:
2595:
2539:Sir Richard Johns
2529:Sir Peter Harding
2375:
2374:
2371:
2352:
2338:Succeeded by
2315:Succeeded by
2288:Succeeded by
2261:Succeeded by
2236:Succeeded by
2222:
2201:
2166:Succeeded by
2142:Charles Longcroft
2139:Succeeded by
2104:
2084:
2050:Succeeded by
2016:Succeeded by
1988:Succeeded by
1960:Succeeded by
1937:Military offices
1883:978-1-84854-339-3
1530:on 7 January 2017
820:(Subscription or
621:air chief marshal
607:uprising against
462:on 26 June 1910.
436:second lieutenant
366:uprising against
303:
302:
3087:
2904:John Miles Steel
2884:Edward Masterman
2814:Alfred Critchley
2733:Geoffrey Salmond
2698:Frederick Gordon
2688:Edward Ellington
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2549:Sir Jock Stirrup
2544:Sir Peter Squire
2509:Sir Neil Cameron
2479:Sir Dermot Boyle
2469:Sir John Slessor
2454:Sir Cyril Newall
2444:Sir John Salmond
2434:Sir John Salmond
2401:
2394:
2387:
2378:
2357:
2348:
2325:Preceded by
2298:Preceded by
2271:Preceded by
2264:Francis Scarlett
2220:
2214:Preceded by
2191:
2176:Preceded by
2169:Edward Ellington
2149:Preceded by
2102:
2090:Preceded by
2082:
1998:Preceded by
1970:Preceded by
1942:Preceded by
1934:
1930:
1906:
1887:
1868:
1856:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1819:
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1812:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
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1750:
1744:
1743:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1615:
1609:
1608:
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1588:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1546:
1540:
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1504:
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1471:
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684:Second World War
652:Birthday Honours
589:air vice marshal
566:Order of Leopold
562:Legion of Honour
532:on 4 June 1917.
486:Sopwith Tabloids
452:colonial service
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570:Croix de guerre
502:First World War
494:RAF Farnborough
471:Royal Aero Club
444:Second Boer War
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2072:V Brigade RFC
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2001:Charles Burke
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350:. During the
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112:16 April 1968
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2919:Vyell Vyvyan
2914:Harry Viener
2909:Oliver Swann
2889:Cyril Newall
2844:John Hearson
2819:Hugh Dowding
2779:Amyas Borton
2738:John Salmond
2737:
2708:John Higgins
2443:
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2239:John Higgins
2229:Iraq Command
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2207:
2189:in the Field
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1568:Gunn, p. 104
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1528:the original
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923:. Retrieved
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796:
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692:Hugh Dowding
677:
650:in the 1931
629:
593:Iraq Command
586:
559:
542:
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464:
433:
393:
384:Adolf Hitler
308:
304:
221:Battles/wars
204:2nd Wing RFC
189:Iraq Command
140:British Army
114:(1968-04-16)
99:17 July 1881
25:
2955:1968 deaths
2950:1881 births
2859:Felton Holt
2693:Philip Game
2464:Lord Tedder
2459:Lord Portal
1803:"No. 40020"
1783:"No. 38808"
1754:"No. 34279"
1734:"No. 33942"
1714:"No. 33936"
1694:"No. 33926"
1671:"No. 33898"
1651:"No. 33722"
1619:"No. 33565"
1599:"No. 33453"
1579:"No. 33453"
1550:"No. 32830"
1495:"No. 31486"
1475:"No. 31514"
1455:"No. 31457"
1435:"No. 31098"
1415:"No. 30999"
1395:"No. 30945"
1375:"No. 30868"
1355:"No. 30963"
1335:"No. 30535"
1315:"No. 30417"
1295:"No. 30356"
1275:"No. 30111"
1255:"No. 29608"
1235:"No. 29476"
1215:"No. 29435"
1195:"No. 29133"
1175:"No. 29111"
1155:"No. 28942"
1135:"No. 28830"
1103:"No. 28768"
1083:"No. 28679"
1041:"No. 28394"
1021:"No. 27986"
1001:"No. 27715"
981:"No. 27627"
961:"No. 27633"
941:"No. 27292"
666:Later years
613:air marshal
609:King Faisal
368:King Faisal
2944:Categories
2774:John Becke
2312:1930â1933
2285:1929â1930
2258:1925â1928
2233:1922â1924
2204:1918â1919
2163:1917â1918
2107:1916â1917
2013:1915â1916
1957:1914â1915
1927:B0026PTSSC
824:required.)
759:References
724:Eastbourne
716:coronation
546:War Office
456:lieutenant
390:Early life
126:Allegiance
119:Eastbourne
95:1881-07-17
2713:Mark Kerr
2247:New title
2118:New title
2061:New title
512:. He was
416:Yorkshire
289:(Belgium)
284:(Belgium)
211:(1914â15)
206:(1915â16)
191:(1922â24)
186:(1925â28)
181:(1929â30)
176:(1930â33)
155:1901â1933
147:(1918â43)
142:(1901â18)
121:, England
104:, England
2632:generals
2009:2nd Wing
1895:. HMSO.
1534:2 August
1067:2 August
925:2 August
878:2 August
838:Archived
812:2 August
488:and the
400:Geoffrey
294:(Russia)
275:(France)
270:(France)
170:Commands
134:Service/
2092:Unknown
1843:Sources
605:Kurdish
601:Turkish
550:colonel
508:on the
484:flying
460:captain
364:Kurdish
2366:
2027:Vacant
1925:
1899:
1880:
1861:
818:
734:Family
728:Sussex
702:, the
644:Hitler
640:Geneva
380:Geneva
337:&
257:&
239:Awards
216:(1914)
136:branch
102:London
67:&
2335:1933
1985:1915
873:(PDF)
694:from
498:major
492:from
333:
331:,
326:
324:,
319:
317:,
63:
61:,
56:
54:,
49:
47:,
2364:ISBN
2196:the
2130:the
2080:None
1923:ASIN
1897:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1536:2012
1069:2012
927:2012
880:2012
814:2012
597:Iraq
490:RE8s
404:Gwen
160:Rank
109:Died
89:Born
2198:RAF
2194:GOC
1981:RFC
803:doi
726:in
718:of
638:in
414:in
378:in
339:Bar
335:DSO
328:CVO
321:CMG
314:GCB
265:(7)
259:Bar
69:Bar
65:DSO
58:CVO
51:CMG
44:GCB
2946::
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888:^
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311:,
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93:(
23:.
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