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legislation, Pemberton had to produce a non-alcoholic alternative to his French Wine Coca. Pemberton relied on
Atlanta drugstore owner-proprietor Willis E. Venable to test, and help him perfect, the recipe for the beverage, which he formulated by trial and error. With Venable's assistance, Pemberton
474:
Soon after Coca-Cola hit the market, Pemberton fell ill and nearly bankrupt. Sick and desperate, he began selling rights to his formula to his business partners in
Atlanta. Part of his motivation to sell was that he still suffered from expensive continuing morphine addiction. Pemberton had a hunch
475:
that his formula "someday will be a national drink," so he attempted to retain a share of the ownership to leave to his son. However, Pemberton's son wanted the money, so in 1888, Pemberton and his son sold the remaining portion of the patent to a fellow
Atlanta pharmacist,
453:
on the bottles and ads. Pemberton made many health claims for his product, touting it as a "valuable brain tonic" that would cure headaches, relieve exhaustion, and calm nerves, and marketed it as "delicious, refreshing, pure joy, exhilarating", and "invigorating".
257:. In an attempt to curb his addiction he began to experiment with various painkillers and toxins. The development of an earlier beverage blending alcohol and cocaine led to the recipe that later was adapted to make Coca-Cola.
1179:
284:, and in 1850, at the age of nineteen, he earned his medical degree. His main talent was chemistry. After initially practicing some medicine and surgery, Pemberton opened a drug store in Columbus.
502:
at age 57 in August 1888. At the time of his death, he also suffered from poverty and his worsening addiction to morphine. His body was returned to
Columbus, Georgia, where he was buried at
402:" among "highly-strung" Southern women, Pemberton's "medicine" was advertised as particularly beneficial for "ladies, and all those whose sedentary employment causes nervous prostration".
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830:
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According to Coca-Cola historian Phil Mooney, Pemberton's world-famous soda was created in
Columbus, Georgia and carried to Atlanta. With public concern about drug addiction,
1164:
246:. On May 8, 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later become Coca-Cola, but sold the rights to the drink shortly before his death in 1888.
1174:
1189:
1149:
357:-free alternatives. His first recipe was "Dr. Tuggle's Compound Syrup of Globe Flower", in which the active ingredient was derived from the buttonbush (
441:
sound, which was popular among other wine medicines of the time. Although the name refers to the two main ingredients, because of controversy over its
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433:
by accident when trying to make another glassful of the beverage. Pemberton decided then to sell this as a fountain drink rather than a medicine.
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514:. His son Charles continued to sell his father's formula, but six years later Charles Pemberton himself died, having succumbed to
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20:
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Standing in the open doorway to the pharmacy, atop the stoop, is John
Pemberton in April 1888 at 47 Peachtree Street, Atlanta.
637:
Restored
America: A Tour Guide: the Preserved Towns, Villages, and Historic City Districts of the United States and Canada
1184:
292:
199:
1028:
Schoenberg, B S (1988), "Coke's the one: the centennial of the 'ideal brain tonic' that became a symbol of
America",
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930:
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343:
250:
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For God, country, and Coca-Cola: the unauthorized of the great
American soft drink and the company that makes it
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in Macon. They were married in
Columbus in 1853. Their only child, Charles Nay Pemberton, was born in 1854.
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In 1866, seeking a cure for his addiction, he began to experiment with painkillers that would serve as
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887:"Is This the Real Thing? Coca-Cola's Secret Formula "Discovered" by This American Life – TIME.com"
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This article is about the American druggist. For other people named John Pemberton, see
657:"National Register Information System – Pemberton House (#71000283)"
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281:
656:
623:
A Guide to Pharmacy Museums and Historical Collections in the United States and Canada
1128:
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later said that the name was "meaningless but fanciful". Robinson handwrote the
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479:, for $ 300 (USD), which in 2022 purchasing power is equal to $ 9,372.88 (USD).
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689:"Richard Gardiner, "The Civil War Origin of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia",
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In April 1865, Pemberton sustained a sabre wound to the chest during the
506:. His grave marker is engraved with symbols showing his service in the
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406:
82:
1068:
Hasegawa, Guy (March 1, 2000), "Pharmacy in the American Civil War",
1032:, vol. 81, no. 1 (published January 1988), pp. 69–74,
1052:
King, M M (1987), "Dr. John S. Pemberton: originator of Coca-Cola",
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in Columbus, a home of historic significance which was added to the
249:
He suffered from a sabre wound sustained in April 1865, during the
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238:(July 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was an American pharmacist and
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Restored towns and historic districts of America: a tour guide
315:, known to her friends as "Cliff", who had been a student at
375:, eventually creating a recipe that contained extracts of
273:. His parents were James C. Pemberton and Martha L. Gant.
291:, Pemberton served in the Third Cavalry Battalion of the
1180:
People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War
905:"Coca-Cola's Dr. Pemberton May Not Be 'The Real Thing!'"
691:
Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society
1003:(2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. pp. 34–46.
1115:
The Chronicle Of Coca-Cola: Birth of a Refreshing Idea
931:"The Birth of a Refreshing Idea - News & Articles"
16:
American pharmacist, inventor of Coca-Cola (1831–1888)
763:
Jeremy Agnew, Alcohol and Opium in the Old West, 173.
418:
worked out a set of directions for its preparation.
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King, Monroe M. "John Stith Pemberton (1831–1888)."
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873:American Soft Drink and the Company that Makes It,
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625:, Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy, 1999, pp. 23–24
253:. His efforts to control his chronic pain led to
1170:Deaths from stomach cancer in the United States
875:Basic Books: enlarged 2nd edition (2000), p.24.
1072:, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 457–489,
535:Rome Area History Museum (December 1, 2014).
242:veteran who is best known as the inventor of
8:
1090:, American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
1056:, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 85–89,
295:, which was at that time a component of the
863:University of Missouri Press (2099), p.171.
311:He met Ann Eliza Clifford "Cliff" Lewis of
1165:Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)
1070:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
985:U.S. Inflation Rate, $ 300 in 1888 to 2022
437:came up with the name "Coca-Cola" for the
38:
27:
1077:
611:. June 13, 2017. Web. September 11, 2017.
219:
885:Adams, William Lee (February 15, 2011).
367:plant. He next began experimenting with
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265:Pemberton was born on July 8, 1831, in
999:(2000). "The tangled chain of title".
639:, American Legacy Press, 1979, p. 135
571:
569:
567:
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269:, and spent most of his childhood in
7:
1175:People from Crawford County, Georgia
961:For youth God, Country and Coca-Cola
958:Pendergrast, Mark (March 17, 2000).
662:National Register of Historic Places
589:from the original on October 5, 2023
332:National Register of Historic Places
1190:Inventors from Georgia (U.S. state)
720:Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography,
907:. October 27, 2012. Archived from
541:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 47.
14:
1150:19th-century American pharmacists
346:. He soon became addicted to the
278:Reform Medical College of Georgia
114:Reform Medical College of Georgia
1160:Confederate States Army officers
1101:
1038:10.1097/00007611-198801000-00015
805:meth: An Unauthorized Biography,
1145:19th-century American inventors
491:The grave of John Pemberton in
429:He blended the base syrup with
198:Third Cavalry Battalion of the
21:John Pemberton (disambiguation)
693:(Spring 2012), Vol. 23: 21–24"
470:, commemorating John Pemberton
1:
458:Pemberton sells the business
385:Pemberton's French Wine Coca
964:. Basic Books. p. 34.
1206:
299:. He achieved the rank of
18:
816:Richard Davenport-Hines,
752:(Morris Books, 2011), 36.
733:Richard Davenport-Hines,
398:among war veterans, and "
360:Cephalanthus occidentalis
229:
159:
155:
37:
935:www.coca-colacompany.com
831:"Tim Chitwood, Columbus
818:The Pursuit of Oblivion,
807:Macmillan (2003), p. 80.
735:The Pursuit of Oblivion,
722:Macmillan (2003), p. 80.
621:George B. Griffenhagen,
609:New Georgia Encyclopedia
538:Legendary Locals of Rome
510:and his membership as a
143:Ann Eliza Clifford Lewis
776:They Laughed at Galileo
350:used to ease his pain.
334:on September 28, 1971.
240:Confederate States Army
171:Confederate States Army
820:Norton (2004), p. 152.
750:It Happened in Atlanta
737:Norton (2004), p. 152.
645:, Dutton, 1979, p. 135
495:
471:
426:
276:Pemberton entered the
44:Pemberton, before 1888
1120:The Coca-Cola Company
1079:10.1093/ajhp/57.5.475
803:Dominic Streatfeild,
718:Dominic Streatfeild,
667:National Park Service
490:
465:
447:The Coca-Cola Company
424:
177:Years of service
151:Charles Nay Pemberton
1110:at Wikimedia Commons
911:on November 18, 2012
841:on November 10, 2012
582:Lemelson-MIT Program
498:Pemberton died from
435:Frank Mason Robinson
236:John Stith Pemberton
1185:American Freemasons
1054:Pharmacy in History
859:John Shelton Reed,
293:Georgia State Guard
200:Georgia State Guard
861:Minding The South,
496:
477:Asa Griggs Candler
472:
468:Knoxville, Georgia
427:
383:, which he called
344:Battle of Columbus
338:Founding Coca-Cola
301:lieutenant colonel
289:American Civil War
267:Knoxville, Georgia
255:morphine addiction
251:Battle of Columbus
215:Battle of Columbus
210:American Civil War
189:Lieutenant Colonel
64:Knoxville, Georgia
1106:Media related to
997:Pendergrast, Mark
699:on March 25, 2014
548:978-1-4396-4867-4
493:Columbus, Georgia
451:Spencerian script
313:Columbus, Georgia
233:
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95:Old City Cemetery
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1155:Coca-Cola people
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577:"John Pemberton"
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508:Confederate Army
504:Linwood Cemetery
431:carbonated water
322:They lived in a
317:Wesleyan College
297:Confederate Army
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328:Pemberton House
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160:Military career
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85:, Georgia, U.S.
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75:August 16, 1888
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1096:External links
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938:. Retrieved
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913:. Retrieved
909:the original
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843:. Retrieved
839:the original
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748:John McKay,
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701:. Retrieved
697:the original
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673:December 20,
671:. Retrieved
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593:December 20,
591:. Retrieved
580:
552:. Retrieved
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497:
473:
439:alliterative
428:
404:
400:neurasthenia
389:
358:
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341:
321:
310:
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248:
235:
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206:Battles/wars
132:Inventor of
77:(1888-08-16)
60:July 8, 1831
25:
1140:1888 deaths
1135:1831 births
845:October 16,
518:addiction.
287:During the
101:Nationality
1129:Categories
522:References
466:A sign in
445:content,
415:temperance
396:alcoholism
392:depression
373:coca wines
261:Background
123:Biochemist
119:Occupation
56:1831-07-08
915:March 23,
791:Enquirer,
789:Columbus
703:March 25,
554:March 23,
512:Freemason
324:Victorian
244:Coca-Cola
180:1861–1865
134:Coca-Cola
111:Education
1088:10711530
1062:11621277
891:TIME.com
779:, p. 184
587:Archived
413:enacted
377:kola nut
355:morphine
348:morphine
165:Service/
148:Children
105:American
1046:3276011
443:cocaine
407:Atlanta
381:damiana
217: (
83:Atlanta
1086:
1060:
1044:
1007:
968:
545:
394:, and
167:branch
140:Spouse
66:, U.S.
516:opium
483:Death
365:toxic
363:), a
1084:PMID
1058:PMID
1042:PMID
1005:ISBN
966:ISBN
942:2020
917:2020
847:2013
705:2014
675:2018
595:2018
556:2020
543:ISBN
409:and
379:and
371:and
369:coca
195:Unit
185:Rank
72:Died
50:Born
1118:at
1074:doi
1034:doi
280:in
220:WIA
1131::
1082:,
1040:,
950:^
933:.
889:.
665:.
659:.
585:.
579:.
564:^
387:.
303:.
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1036::
1013:.
974:.
944:.
919:.
893:.
849:.
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707:.
677:.
597:.
558:.
223:)
58:)
54:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
