372:, he saw the path to racial equality in cultivation of classic American virtues of thrift and perseverance. However, Green is criticized by historians for silence and inactivity during increasing racial oppression and disfranchisement of the African-Americans in the South at the turn of the century, despite having access to many prominent political and social leaders, such as
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Green attended local grammar and high schools which were already integrated in
Cleveland, making parallel efforts to help his struggling family by working odd jobs; he was an errand boy, and in 1862 became a hotel waiter. He continued to study on his own, and in an unusual attempt to secure funds for
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and Harry C. Smith, another conservative
African-American community leaders in Cleveland, Green promoted social and cultural integration of black Clevelanders and stood against emerging social and cultural trends of separatism brought about by the changing economic conditions and social attitudes on
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Green married Annie Laura Walker Green (1848–1912) after graduation from high school in 1869. Four of their children lived to adulthood, William R. Green (1873-), who became
Cleveland NAACP President, Theodore B. Green (1877–1917), Jessie Bishop Green (1880–1963) and Clara Green. After his wife died
211:; and Freeman H. Morris, an owner of tailoring establishment, among others. However, the largest proportion of African American population of the city (in 1870, the black population of Cleveland was about 1,300, or 1.4% of the 93,000 city dwellers) worked as unskilled laborers and domestic servants.
202:
wrote that, "an indication of the civilized spirit of the city of
Cleveland is found in the fact that colored children attend our schools, colored people are permitted to attend all public lectures and public affairs where the fashion and culture of the city congregate, and nobody is offended."
243:, where he stayed from 1870 to 1872. On September 20, 1870, Green passed the South Carolina bar and started to practice criminal law. In 1872, Green was elected a delegate to the South Carolina Republican convention where he became an alternate delegate to the National Republican Convention.
191:
to John Rice Green and
Temperance Dirden Green, who were both free persons of color of mixed ancestry. Greene's father was a tailor and his mother was a seamstress. At the age of five, Green and his two sisters were left to the care of their mother when their father died in 1850. Unable to
352:". After coming to Cleveland at the age of twelve, he used available educational opportunities as a social lift and later employed politics as a tool of upward mobility, eventually becoming a prominent figure in Ohio Republican Party. Green was the second African American to serve in the
40:
196:, which promised greater educational and economic opportunities. In Cleveland, liberal white community leaders mostly of New England origin encouraged tolerance, racial fairness, and integration even during the antebellum times. In 1865, the
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by sixty two votes. In 1881 Green ran again, and this time he won. He lost in 1883, but won in 1889. In 1890, he sponsored legislation introducing Labor Day in Ohio as a state holiday. In 1891, Green was elected to the
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207:, land developer and inventor; Madison Tilly, an excavating contractor; Dr. Robert Boyd Leach, a physician; John Brown, the proprietor of the barber shop in one of Cleveland's finest hotels, the
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He died after being struck by a motorist in
Cleveland after stepping down from a streetcar; at the time of his death he was one of the oldest practicing attorneys in Ohio. Green is buried in
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Green continued to practice the law in his later years, but majorly withdrew from participation in community organizations and activities. In 1920, he finished his autobiography,
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Green was a well regarded criminal attorney in
Cleveland with clients coming "mostly from the working class of both races." In 1897, in a notable case, Green defended in
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In 1937, in recognition of his service to the people of
Cleveland, 4 April was designated as "John P. Green Day" by the mayor and city council of Cleveland.
507:. In Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, edited by William S. Powell. Vol. 2, D-G, Volume 2, University of North Carolina Press, 1996, pp. 357-358.
281:'s presidential campaign of 1896. His efforts were appreciated and in 1897 he was awarded with a newly created position of U.S. Postage Stamp Agent in
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Recollections of the
Inhabitants, Localities, Superstitions, and KuKlux Outrages of the Carolinas. By a "Carpet-Bagger" Who Was Born and Lived There.
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In Ohio, Green is remembered for introducing a bill to Ohio legislature that established the Labor Day as a state holiday in 1890; he was dubbed,
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in
January 1912, he married a widow, Lottie Mitchell Richardson, in September 1912, they had two children. He is the great nephew of
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285:, with an annual salary of 2,500, serving in 1897–1905. In 1906, he briefly served as the acting superintendent of finance in the
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Looking for a place to establish a successful legal practice, Green moved with his family, first, to North Carolina, and then, to
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147:(April 2, 1845 – September 1, 1940) was an American attorney, politician, public servant, and writer. He was among the first
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In 1928, Green addressed the Republican National Convention in Chicago asking black voters to support the Republican party.
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Fact Stranger Than Fiction: Seventy-five Years of a Busy Life, with Reminiscences, of Many Great and Good Men and Women.
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Fact Stranger Than Fiction: Seventy-five Years of a Busy Life, with Reminiscences, of Many Great and Good Men and Women.
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219:. He sold near 1,500 copies in Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York. Green completed a four-year classical program at
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sufficiently provide for her children in North Carolina, Green's mother in 1857 decided to relocate to
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391:. After Labor Day was adopted as a national, legal holiday in 1894, he sometimes referred to as the
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In the Fall of 1872, Green returned to Cleveland where he was elected as a Justice of the Peace for
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his further education wrote and published at his own expense a thirty-eight page pamphlet,
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Cleveland at that time already had a small cadre of prominent black citizens, such as
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by a majority of 3,000 votes; he served three terms deciding close to 12,000 cases.
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Black Americans in Cleveland from George Peake to Carl B. Stokes, 1796-1969.
459:. Cleveland, Ohio: Western Reserve Historical Society. 1969. pp. 26–27.
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Green was a founding member of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in Cleveland.
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a black servant who acted in self-defense, but was charged with assault.
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Miscellaneous Subjects by a Self-Educated Colored Youth (1866)
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Republican Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives
308:(1926), which he dedicated to the African American youth.
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African American Political Thought: 1945 to the Present.
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African Americans and the Color Line in Ohio, 1915-1930.
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Miscellaneous Subjects by a Self-Educated Colored Youth.
277:, Green, as a traveling speaker, took an active part in
19:"John P. Green" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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by mostly white voters. He supported state funding for
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in two years. He graduated ahead of class becoming a
758:
Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1969.
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Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005, p. 169.
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History of the Negro Race in America from 1619-1880.
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was to credit Matthew Maguire, a machinist from the
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In 1877, he lost a highly contested election to the
790:In W. Keating, N. Krumholz, & D. Perry (Eds.).
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787:Cleveland: The evolution of Black political power.
771:A ghetto takes shape: Black Cleveland, 1870-1930.
687:John Patterson Green, Ohio's Father of Labor Day.
491:A Ghetto Takes Shape: Black Cleveland, 1870-1930.
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714:DOL's Historian on the History of Labor Day
494:Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.
886:African-American state legislators in Ohio
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931:20th-century African-American politicians
921:Politicians from New Bern, North Carolina
926:Burials at Woodland Cemetery (Cleveland)
765:Washington: Associated Publishers, 1972.
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227:. After high school, Greene enrolled in
167:in 1882. In 1891, he was elected to the
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399:declared that official position of the
794:Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
774:Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
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368:race in the United States. Similar to
221:Cleveland Central Catholic High School
97:Cleveland Central Catholic High School
876:19th-century African-American lawyers
827:The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
662:The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
632:The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
539:The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
457:Memorable Negroes In Cleveland's Past
266:, an institution affiliated with the
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901:Republican Party Ohio state senators
287:United States Post Office Department
159:. A Republican, he was elected as a
587:Cleveland: Riehl Printing Co, 1920.
438:Cleveland: Riehl Printing Co, 1920.
572:American National Biography Online
348:characterized Green in 1902 as a "
268:African Methodist Episcopal Church
231:in Cleveland, graduating in 1870.
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792:Cleveland: A metropolitan reader.
725:United States Department of Labor
704:New York: Routledge, 2003, p. 38.
401:United States Department of Labor
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756:The John Patterson Green Papers.
617:. September 3, 1940. p. 16.
535:Ohio State and Union Law College
229:Ohio State and Union Law College
135:Lottie Mitchell Richardson Green
105:Ohio State and Union Law College
911:Pedestrian road incident deaths
674:Ohio History Central: Labor Day
95:Cleveland Central High School,
891:American justices of the peace
836:Documenting the American South
740:Documenting the American South
356:and the first to serve in the
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881:19th-century American lawyers
841:Works by John Patterson Green
628:St. Andrew's Episcopal Church
354:Ohio House of Representatives
255:Ohio House of Representatives
241:Bennettsville, South Carolina
165:Ohio House of Representatives
916:Road incident deaths in Ohio
847:(public domain audiobooks)
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389:Ohio's Father of Labor Day
306:Fact Stranger than Fiction
163:in 1873. He served in the
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294:Charleston, West Virginia
151:to hold public office in
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189:New Bern, North Carolina
183:Early life and education
132:Annie Laura Walker Green
61:New Bern, North Carolina
719:March 28, 2016, at the
553:. Ohio History Central.
113:attorney and politician
906:Lawyers from Cleveland
601:Cleveland Plain Dealer
360:in the state history.
332:John Carruthers Stanly
264:Wilberforce University
823:Green, John Patterson
784:Nelson, W.E. (1995).
658:Green, John Patterson
568:Green, John Patterson
505:Green, John Patterson
248:Cuyahoga County, Ohio
832:John Patterson Green
818:Ohio History Central
805:John Patterson Green
736:John Patterson Green
698:Pohlmann, Marcus D.
519:Williams, George W.
503:Andrews, William L.
370:Booker T. Washington
318:in Cleveland, Ohio.
179:as a state holiday.
161:Justice of the Peace
145:John Patterson Green
32:John Patterson Green
768:Kusmer, K. (1978).
642:Giffin, William W.
603:, 2 September 1940.
566:Kenneth L. Kusmer.
488:Kusmer, Kenneth L.
393:Father of Labor Day
382:John D. Rockefeller
374:Marcus Alonzo Hanna
365:Charles W. Chesnutt
16:American politician
761:Davis, Russell H.
754:Martin, Olivia J.
599:2 September 1940;
187:Green was born in
613:"John P. Green".
316:Woodland Cemetery
209:New England House
149:African Americans
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121:Labor Day in Ohio
71:September 1, 1940
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405:Knights of Labor
397:W. Willard Wirtz
384:, among others.
378:William McKinley
345:Cleveland Leader
283:Washington, D.C.
279:William McKinley
199:Cleveland Leader
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73:(1940-09-01)
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871:1940 deaths
866:1845 births
395:. In 1968,
363:Along with
358:Ohio Senate
260:Ohio Senate
169:Ohio Senate
84:Nationality
860:Categories
443:References
300:Later life
275:Republican
53:1845-04-02
173:Labor Day
153:Cleveland
92:Education
845:LibriVox
717:Archived
87:American
126:Spouses
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380:, and
338:Legacy
325:Family
235:Career
414:Works
776:ISBN
342:The
177:Ohio
157:Ohio
68:Died
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