432:
40:
633:, who had inherited three fourths of the proprietorship and received that portion of the settlement, lobbied the Pennsylvania government for greater compensation for their confiscated property. John Penn "of Stoke" lived in Pennsylvania from 1783 to 1788. Failing there, they traveled to England in 1789 to seek compensation from Parliament, which awarded the Penn cousins a total of £4,000 per year (equal to £621,093 today) in perpetuity. Penn "of Stoke" stayed in England for the rest of his life, serving as a member of parliament in the early 1800s.
583:. They demanded him to sign a parole that stated that he would do nothing to harm the revolutionary cause. Penn refused and was taken to Philadelphia, where he was kept under house arrest. As Howe's army drew close, the Patriots threatened Penn with exile to another colony, and he then signed the parole. With Howe near Philadelphia, Patriot leaders exiled Penn to an Allen family estate in
536:
responded by taking control in 1775, leaving Penn powerless. Henry J. Cadbury states, "The end of proprietary government in
Pennsylvania may be dated Sept. 26, 1776, with the last adjournment of the provincial assembly. The governor's acts and meetings of the council closed nearly a year earlier."
349:
In 1747, when John Penn was eighteen years old and still in school, he secretly married Grace Cox, a daughter of Dr. James Cox of London. The Penn family disapproved of the marriage, believing that Cox had married Penn to share in the family fortune. For a while, John's father refused to speak to him
340:
controlled the other three-fourths of the proprietorship. As Thomas did not have any sons while John Penn was in his youth, the younger man was in line to inherit the entire proprietorship, one-fourth from his father and three-fourths from his paternal uncle. John Penn's upbringing and conduct was of
422:
From his home in
England, the chief proprietor Thomas Penn soon became alarmed at John's extravagant expenses. Peters reported John's close association with an Italian musician, whose rent Penn paid and at whose home Penn stayed until two or three in the morning. The debauched musician was, in turn,
453:
to assume the governorship from
Hamilton. The Penns were not displeased with Hamilton but believed that John was prepared to assume leadership in the province for the family. He took the oath of office as governor, officially "lieutenant governor," on 31 October 1763 and served until 1771 in his
354:
to study and to get him away from his wife. Apparently regretting his marriage, Penn made no effort to contact Grace during this period. The Cox family sued Penn for support of Grace Penn in 1755, but after that there is no further mention of her in the Penn family records. How the marriage was
486:
and his wife, who were later
Loyalists in Philadelphia. Penn reluctantly returned with his family to England in 1771 after his father's death, where he took over his father's position and affairs as one of the proprietors of Pennsylvania. His uncle Thomas Penn still held three fourths of the
515:
inherited the chief proprietorship and three quarters of the total property. John Penn "of Stoke," born in 1760, was 15 when his father died. He was assigned a guardian for the proprietorship until he came of age, but the
Revolution disrupted his control of the holdings.
746:
Bell, Whitfield J., and
Charles Greifenstein, Jr. Patriot-Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society. 3 vols. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997, 3:176–185.
499:
As Thomas Penn was displeased with
Richard Jr's performance, he arranged in 1773 for the reappointment of John Penn as governor. Returning to the province with his family, Penn served until 1776. That year, the
964:
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for new purchases. As compensation, John Penn and his cousin were paid £130,000, but that was a fraction of what the lands were worth but was a surprisingly large sum, as in some areas,
959:
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and no royal officials. With no power at his command, Penn remained aloof and carefully neutral in the hope that the radicals would be defeated or at least reconciled with the king.
979:
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to the
Commonwealth or to face confiscation of their property. With the consent of his family, he took the oath. While that protected Penn's private lands and manors, the
601:
After the
British evacuated Philadelphia in 1778, the Penns returned to the city in July of that year. The new government of Pennsylvania required all residents to take a
595:
652:, the only proprietor to be buried in Pennsylvania. Some older accounts state that his remains were eventually taken back to England, but there are no records of that.
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and Hannah
Lardner. His father Richard had inherited a one-fourth interest in the Pennsylvania proprietorship from his father, the Pennsylvania founder
900:
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954:
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Note: The name of John Penn's first wife does not appear in Penn correspondence, but a modern genealogy identifies her as Grace Cox. Treese (1992),
376:
431:
613:, which confiscated about 24,000,000 acres (97,000 km) of unsold lands held by the proprietorship and abolished the practice of paying
621:
properties were taken without any compensation. Penn retired to Lansdowne and waited out the final years of the war, which ended in 1781.
273:, serving in that office from 1763 to 1771 and from 1773 to 1776. Educated in Britain and Switzerland, he was also one of the Penn family
39:
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528:, would threaten their proprietary interests. In 1774, Penn refused to summon the Assembly so it could select delegates to the
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308:, the unsold lands of the proprietorship were confiscated by the new state government, but it provided Penn and his cousin,
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470:, to have the Penn proprietary government replaced with a royal government. Meanwhile, he was elected in 1768 to the
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529:
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462:; border disputes with other colonies; controversy over the taxation of Penn family lands; and the efforts of the
90:
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called "The Union," also known as Solitude House, about 50 miles (80 km) from Philadelphia in present-day
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403:. But Penn was there primarily as an observer. The meeting was held by representatives of seven of the
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423:"constantly tagging after him." Thomas Penn summoned his nephew, John, back to England in late 1755.
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269:(14 July 1729 – 9 February 1795) was an English-born colonial administrator who served as the last
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375:, in 1752, sent by his uncle Thomas to the province as a political apprentice to Governor
372:
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from 1771 until 1776, holding a one-fourth share, when the creation of the independent
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Anne Penn initially stayed in Philadelphia to look after family affairs while
584:
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because of the marriage. Thomas Penn sponsored a trip for the younger Penn to
336:. It provided the family a fairly comfortable living. Richard's older brother
293:
567:
The war soon began to go badly for the Patriots. In August 1777, as General
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The Penns were slow to perceive that the growing unrest, which became the
614:
737:(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1944), pp. 169, 209–10.
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325:
147:
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proprietorship but had a son, who was born in 1760. John's brother,
882:. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.
640:, John Penn lived the rest of his life with his family quietly in
598:
occupied Philadelphia but later joined her husband in New Jersey.
548:, Penn watched with apprehension as Pennsylvania colonists formed
430:
880:
The Storm Gathering: The Penn Family and the American Revolution
841:
839:
556:, patriots, also known as Whigs, in Pennsylvania created the
407:
to plan common defense against the French and Indians as the
383:, associating with important Penn family appointees such as
644:. After his 1795 death, Penn was buried under the floor of
449:
In 1763, Thomas Penn sent his nephew John Penn back to the
735:
Richard Peters, Provincial Secretary and Cleric, 1704–1776
304:
in July 1778, following the British evacuation. After the
965:
People from Union Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey
674:, has information about proprietors as well as governors
491:, was appointed governor of the province in his place.
395:
with Pennsylvania's other delegates, including Peters,
664:(1700–1746), Pennsylvania proprietor, the only son of
629:
For several years after the war, Penn and his cousin,
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first tenure. The new governor faced many challenges:
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and prepared for war. Soon after the adoption of the
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482:In 1766, Penn married Anne Allen, the daughter of
975:People of Pennsylvania in the American Revolution
355:dissolved is unknown, and they had no children.
16:English-born colonial administrator (1729–1795)
960:Members of the Pennsylvania Provincial Council
316:, which granted them additional compensation.
8:
438:a 1763 portrait of John Penn's wife Anne by
415:between Britain and France representing the
770:Pennsylvania: A history of the commonwealth
768:Randall M. Miller and William Pencak, eds.
729:
727:
672:List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania
560:, which replaced Penn's government with a
511:Thomas Penn had died in 1775, and his son
38:
27:
52:Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania
980:People of Pennsylvania of Pontiac's War
684:
990:Burials at Christ Church, Philadelphia
19:For other people named John Penn, see
575:, Patriot soldiers arrived at Penn's
7:
668:born in the province of Pennsylvania
289:removed the Penn family from power.
875:(1934), vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 430.
504:government took control during the
945:Colonial governors of Pennsylvania
298:British occupation of Philadelphia
191: 1747, dissolved)
14:
970:People from colonial Pennsylvania
558:Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776
271:governor of colonial Pennsylvania
873:Dictionary of American Biography
546:Battles of Lexington and Concord
464:Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
300:, Penn and his wife returned to
985:British people of Pontiac's War
955:English people of Welsh descent
911:John Penn's House, Philadelphia
871:Cadbury, Henry J. "John Penn".
188:
495:Second appointment as governor
474:, which Franklin had founded.
472:American Philosophical Society
341:concern to the entire family.
1:
907:Archives, People of the 1700s
858:Cadbury, "John Penn", p. 430.
391:. In 1754, Penn attended the
363:John Penn first traveled to
283:Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
554:Declaration of Independence
359:Immigration to Pennsylvania
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905:University of Pennsylvania
662:John Penn ("the American")
542:American Revolutionary War
530:First Continental Congress
506:American Revolutionary War
478:Second marriage and family
306:American Revolutionary War
21:John Penn (disambiguation)
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562:Supreme Executive Council
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211:(after 1766)
158:9 February 1795 (aged 65)
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91:President of Pennsylvania
57:
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451:Province of Pennsylvania
411:was beginning, with the
369:Province of Pennsylvania
320:Early life and education
279:Province of Pennsylvania
589:High Bridge, New Jersey
901:Biography and portrait
611:Divestment Act of 1779
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324:John Penn was born in
607:Pennsylvania Assembly
573:Philadelphia Campaign
444:Cincinnati Art Museum
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409:French and Indian War
379:. Penn served on the
631:John Penn "of Stoke"
544:was launched at the
513:John Penn "of Stoke"
442:, now housed in the
367:, then known as the
328:, the eldest son of
733:Hubertis Cummings,
526:American Revolution
520:American Revolution
456:Pontiac's Rebellion
419:front of that war.
287:American Revolution
256:Hannah Lardner Penn
447:
381:governor's council
314:British Parliament
87:Thomas Wharton Jr.
950:English Anglicans
468:Benjamin Franklin
405:Thirteen Colonies
397:Benjamin Franklin
292:Held in exile in
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878:Treese, Lorett.
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781:Cadbury, 1934.
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579:estate near
569:William Howe
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401:Isaac Norris
371:and part of
365:Pennsylvania
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334:William Penn
330:Richard Penn
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302:Philadelphia
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161:Pennsylvania
145:14 July 1729
127:Richard Penn
122:Succeeded by
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82:Succeeded by
75:Richard Penn
59:
25:
995:Penn family
940:1795 deaths
935:1729 births
609:passed the
460:Paxton Boys
338:Thomas Penn
285:during the
275:proprietors
224:Thomas Penn
110:Preceded by
70:Preceded by
929:Categories
866:References
625:Later life
585:New Jersey
571:began his
540:After the
436:Anne Allen
296:after the
294:New Jersey
201:Anne Allen
916:John Penn
820:, p. 187.
794:, 4, 176.
642:Lansdowne
615:quitrents
577:Lansdowne
466:, led by
310:John Penn
267:John Penn
249:Parent(s)
244:John Penn
234:John Penn
231:(brother)
226:(brother)
220:Relations
178:Grace Cox
150:, England
104:1763–1771
100:In office
64:1773–1776
60:In office
32:John Penn
845:Treese,
829:Treese,
816:Treese,
803:Treese,
721:, p. 23.
717:Treese,
656:See also
619:Loyalist
534:Patriots
241:Children
236:(nephew)
708:, p. 24
277:of the
213:
209:
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193:
185:
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168:Spouses
886:
849:, 199.
833:, 189.
807:, 179.
759:, 202.
458:; the
399:, and
352:Geneva
326:London
163:, U.S.
148:London
679:Notes
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187:(
183:
884:ISBN
387:and
155:Died
142:Born
89:(as
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726:^
591:.
532:.
508:.
189:m.
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93:)
23:.
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