203:(1848) were the first ships to be fitted with such engines and such was their efficacy that by the time of Penn's death in 1878, the engines had been fitted in 230 ships. Initially, ships were adapted to incorporate these engines, but in 1851, the Navy ordered its first ship specifically designed as a steam-screw auxiliary,
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ninety sets of engines of 60 horsepower in ninety days – a feat which made the great
Continental Powers stare with wonder, and which was possible only because the Whitworth standards of measurement and of accuracy and finish were by that time thoroughly recognised and established throughout the country.
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He had a pair of engines on hand of the exact size. He took them to pieces and he distributed the parts among the best machine shops in the country, telling each to make ninety sets exactly in all respects to the sample. The orders were executed with unfailing regularity, and he actually completed
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version being the first steam engine to power the machinery at the works. He shifted the focus of the works to marine engines. His 40-horsepower beam engines were fitted in the paddle steamers 'Ipswich' and 'Suffolk', and it is likely these were the first marine engines to be designed and built by
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John Penn's firm was a major employer in the
Greenwich area with 1800 employed at its Greenwich and Deptford works at its peak. John Penn and Sons was considered the best-equipped marine engineering works and Penn a model employer. He recognised the value of skilled employees through pensions and
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demanded of the
Admiralty 120 gunboats, each with engines of 60 horsepower, for the campaign of 1855 in the Baltic. There were just ninety days in which to meet this requisition, and, short as the time was, the building of the gunboats presented no difficulty. It was otherwise however with the
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is of the gunboat type. Built (or assembled) in 1861, it is the only known example, and in being recovered intact was found to have all its fittings and fixtures attached including Penn's nameplate. It is on display at the
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Richard
Hartree's history of John Penn & Sons (2008), though, describes the obituary as "a more graphic, factually inaccurate and almost mythical version of John Penn's contribution to gunboat engine manufacture"
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as it made the transition from sail to steam. Penn was also responsible for introducing wood bearings for screw-propeller shafts which became vital to the worldwide use of steam-powered ships. This development of the
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Osbon, G. A., 1965, The
Crimean War gunboats. Part. 1. The Mariner's Mirror, The Journal of the Society of Nautical Research. 51, 103–116 & Preston, A., & Major, 1965, J., Send a gunboat. Longmans,
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engines, and the
Admiralty were in despair. Suddenly, by a flash of the mechanical genius which was inherent in him, the late Mr John Penn solved the difficulty, and solved it quite easily.
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with oscillating engines of double the power, without increasing either the weight or space occupied, an achievement which broke the naval supply dominance of
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These advancements were coupled with a reputation for quality and reliability and this led to Penn becoming the major engine supplier to the
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which enabled screw propeller ships to make oceanic voyages without wearing out their stern glands came in collaboration with
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in 1899 under the name of Thames Iron Works, Shipbuilding and
Engineering Company. The combined company failed in 1912.
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awarded
Christmas gifts. His works also provided the education for a whole generation of marine engineers.
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Penn presented two papers on the subject to the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1856 and 1858.
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area. The focus of the firm remained in agriculture until the 1830s and 1840s, when Penn's son, also
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Bridge) in south-east London. It grew in two decades to be one of the major engineering works in the
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Penn Jr was an inventor of engines. One of the earliest engines he produced was the
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and during construction was requested to develop an engine design for the RN
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was an
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Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United Kingdom
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Thames Iron Works Ship Building and Engineering Co.
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483:Chronology of the company.
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183:Maudslay, Son & Field
151:grasshopper beam engine
518:1899 disestablishments
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109:In 1799, engineer and
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334:www.gracesguide.co.uk
261:of 24 January 1887:
227:Francis Pettit Smith
94:marine steam engines
82:Marine steam engines
330:"John Penn, Senior"
233:in marine engines.
113:John Penn (born in
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179:Boulton & Watt
160:oscillating engine
90:John Penn and Sons
19:John Penn and Sons
372:978-1-84306-411-4
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58:Headquarters
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444:21 February
435:"John Penn"
405:21 February
391:"John Penn"
339:21 February
249:Crimean War
196:(1846) and
174:Black Eagle
164:Aaron Manby
28:Engineering
492:Categories
395:archive.is
316:References
215:Royal Navy
155:horsepower
123:Blackheath
111:millwright
67:Key people
258:The Times
207:Agamemnon
193:Encounter
168:Admiralty
139:John Penn
72:John Penn
50:Successor
245:gunboats
200:Arrogant
153:, a six
131:Deptford
127:Lewisham
119:Somerset
78:Products
24:Industry
469:(p.43).
459:London.
240:Warrior
170:yacht,
115:Taunton
100:History
34:Founded
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288:Xantho
135:London
37:1799?
446:2019
407:2019
368:ISBN
341:2019
238:HMS
205:HMS
198:HMS
191:HMS
181:and
172:HMS
125:and
42:Fate
286:SS
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