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130:, the pro-slave trade campaigner. They owned ships trading between the West Indies and England, loaned money to plantation owners on which they charged interest (from which he made most of his wealth), and took over plantations and slaves from those who could not pay their debts. During his time back in England Pinney increased his wealth 5 times from that which he brought back from Nevis. When he died in 1818 his fortune was worth about £340,000 (the equivalent of about £24.5 million as of 2019, based on the percentage increase in the Retail Price Index from 1818 to 2019). Pinney brought two people with him to Bristol from Nevis:
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Since my arrival I’ve purchased nine negroe slaves at St Kitts and can assure you I was shock’d at the first appearance of human flesh exposed to sale. But surely God ordain’d ‘em for ye use & benefit of us: otherwise his Divine Will would have been made manifest by some particular sign or
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and several plantations worked by enslaved people on Nevis. His inheritance was on the condition that he took the surname Pinney, which he did. John Pretor Pinney left
England for Nevis in 1764 where he remained until 1783. The plantations which he inherited had been built up by his
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in 1740, his parents were
Michael Pretor (d.1744) and Alicia Clarke (d.1759). His mother had a distant cousin, John Frederick Pinney, who had no children, so in 1762 at the age of 22 John Pretor was the key beneficiary of John Frederick’s will, inheriting land in
114:, Jane Weekes, with whom he had seven children. When Pinney left Nevis to return to England with his family in 1783 he was worth about £70,000 (the equivalent of £8.5 million as of 2019, based on the percentage increase in the
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on the condition that he spent 10 years in the West Indies; he arrived in Nevis in 1682. However, by the time John Pretor Pinney inherited the estates, they were run down and in debt.
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192:. In the Georgian House Museum is a list of the names of over 900 enslaved people owned by the Pinney family, many of whose biographies have been researched by Christine Eickelmann.
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Later, he owned between 170 and 210 people on his 394 acre plantation 'Mountravers', producing sugar and rum to be shipped to
Bristol and London. In 1772 Pinney married a white
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took over much of his father’s business, although John Pretor Pinney's main estate of
Mountravers had been sold in 1808. When the
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Over 20 years John Pretor Pinney built up both the size and number of the estates he either owned outright or as a
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great-great-uncle, Azariah Pinney (1661–1720) and his family. Azariah Pinney had been granted a pardon by
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Pinney died in
Bristol on 23 January 1818, and was buried in the family vault in the parish church at
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On his return he settled in
Bristol where he began a business partnership as a sugar merchant with
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483:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/73299.
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For the colonial agent of the
American Colonization Society in Liberia, see
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in
Bristol is named after him. Unusually, Pinney was not a member of the
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From
Wulfstan to Colston - severing the sinews of slavery in Bristol
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Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004).
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Mountravers
Plantation (Pinney's Estate) Nevis, West Indies
397:"Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1270 to Present"
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Pero - The Life of a Slave in Eighteenth-Century Bristol
317:"The Mountravers Plantation Community, 1734 to 1834"
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643:Bristol City Council: Museum – John Pinney entry
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55:. He made his fortune from England’s demand for
601:The annals of Bristol in the eighteenth century
578:. Bristol, UK: Bristol Radical History Group.
474:"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
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542:Eickelmann, Christine; Small, David (2004).
347:. Bristol, UK: Redcliffe Press. p. 58.
250:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
172:St Michael and All Angels' Church, Somerton
522:Bristol's Free Museums and Historic Houses
59:. His Bristol residence is now the city's
518:"Blood on the Bricks: More than Colston?"
154:abolished slavery throughout most of the
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39:(1740 – 23 January 1818) was a
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648:Georgian House Museum – Virtual Tour
619:Legacies of British Slave-ownership
572:Ball, Roger; Steeds, Mark (2020).
238:Morgan, Kenneth (6 January 2011).
16:British sugar merchant (1740–1818)
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369:"John Pinney: a plantation owner"
188:is now a museum owned and run by
548:. Bristol, UK: Redcliffe Press.
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603:. Redwood Press. p. 477.
144:Society of Merchant Venturers
504:UK public library membership
447:"John Pinney sugar merchant"
422:"Bristol and the South West"
271:UK public library membership
51:and was a sugar merchant in
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222:. Longmans Green & Co.
152:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
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341:Dresser, Madge (2007).
285:"Georgian House Museum"
216:Pares, Richard (1950).
43:owner on the island of
599:Latimer, John (1970).
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241:"Pinney, John Pretor"
186:7 Great George Street
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132:Frances (Fanny) Coker
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61:Georgian House Museum
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219:A West India Fortune
190:Bristol City Council
134:, his wife’s freed '
118:from 1783 to 2019).
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71:Born John Pretor in
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683:History of Bristol
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116:Retail Price Index
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37:John Pretor Pinney
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668:1818 deaths
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128:James Tobin
49:West Indies
32:John Pinney
657:Categories
506:required.)
494:9 February
273:required.)
196:References
67:Early life
41:plantation
624:14 August
527:14 August
456:14 August
431:14 August
378:14 August
99:mortgagee
179:Somerton
83:James II
289:Theasys
136:mulatto
53:Bristol
47:in the
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112:Creole
106:token.
78:Dorset
688:Nevis
57:sugar
45:Nevis
626:2019
580:ISBN
550:ISBN
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496:2023
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
