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husband and wife, though no record of their marriage has surfaced. The first Mrs. Rathom only sued for divorce in 1908, naming
Campbell as co-respondent, and the marriage was dissolved in 1909. For the previous three years Rathom and Campbell were representing themselves to Providence society as husband and wife. Evidence from family correspondence suggests that Campbell began to style herself Mrs. Rathom in 1903. All Rathom's various biographical accounts omitted his first marriage.
20:
637:, signing a statement of objections that pleaded for America to remain "aloof from all this pandemonium of tribal conflicts." It argued that the League's "impossible doctrines of the self-determination of races" directly contradicted the vision of America as a haven for "all the races of the earth."
556:
characterized as a "tart exchange of telegrams" over the issue of who in
Washington authorized the illegal investigative methods used at Newport. Roosevelt said Rathom's "attack on the navy was disingenuous and dishonorable." Rathom asserted his sole interest was "the protection of the honor of the
482:
In the letter Rathom signed at the
Department of Justice, he gave the Attorney General the right to reveal its contents in whole or in part to anyone of his choosing at any time. The Department of Justice waited almost two years before revealing the letter's contents to the public in the context of
243:
Rathom misrepresented his personal life as well. On July 5, 1890, he married Mary
Harriet Crockford in Canada. In 1899, he began an affair with Florence Mildred Campbell in San Francisco. His wife returned home to Canada, ending their relationship. Soon Rathom and Campbell were living together as
612:
The Rathom-Roosevelt battle ended without drama. Roosevelt's attorney filed his libel suit on
October 28, but never pursued it. Roosevelt's ticket lost badly on November 2. When a Senate subcommittee later censured Roosevelt, Rathom claimed vindication, but the American press took little notice.
568:, making him an even more valuable target for an unscrupulous newspaper editor looking to sell papers and keep his name before the public. Rathom waited until just ten days before the election to go public with new and outrageous charges against Roosevelt and another high-profile Navy official,
608:
to consider a suit as well. Caffey found no grounds for a suit on behalf of the government. Instead, with the authorization of the
Attorney General, he released Rathom's two-year-old letter admitting his many exaggerations and frauds related to German espionage. The letter now became Rathom's
454:. In essence, he admitted that the bulk of his sensational stories came not from the investigations of his newspaper staff but from British intelligence agents and propaganda operatives. He also pleaded that he had been misquoted or the implications of his remarks misunderstood.
470:
left much unsaid and softened its impact by saying the suspension was by "mutual consent" of Rathom and the magazine, but they also made a negative comparison with Rathom's work by saying of
Strother's series: "The facts and documents published in these articles are verified."
474:
Despite the series' suspension, Rathom's reputation did not suffer. The cancellation of the planned series was a short-term story, not one to compete with headline news. Such a minor exposure could not undo the blaring headlines and breathless claims that had already caused
513:
and the local clergymen who protested the Navy's failure to clean up the immoral establishments that provided sex and liquor to navy personnel. One action the Navy took, under the direction of
Assistant Secretary of the Navy (and future President of the United States)
465:
immediately suspended the series and in its place proposed a series called "Fighting German Spies" authored by French
Strother, one of its own editors, "by courtesy of the Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice". An editorial note in
356:'s administration for failing to recognize and defend against supposed German espionage efforts, using phrases like "almost criminal negligence" to characterize the federal government's response. Meanwhile, the real world consequences of Rathom's
953:"ARREST KARL MUCK AS AN ENEMY ALIEN; Federal Authorities in Boston May Prefer Charges Under the Criminal Code. CLAIMED SWISS CITIZENSHIP Conductor Spends Night in a Cell-- Asked for Passports to Europe Yesterday. Refusal to Play National Anthem"
540:
and
American entry into the Great War. Rathom's campaign supported by the clergy resulted in two investigations, one behind closed doors by a subcommittee of the U.S. Senate Committee on Naval Affairs and a public one by a Naval
203:
sent him to Cuba. In his ensuing adventures, all dubious, he was badly wounded, returned to the U.S. with yellow fever or malaria, and escaped from a medical isolation camp. He sailed to South Africa, he later said, to cover the
580:
and the most famous penal reformer of the era. Rathom charged that the Democratic candidate for Vice President had acted improperly while Assistant Secretary of the Navy in releasing sailors convicted by court martial of
158:, on July 4, 1868. The story he told of his early years is at many points unverifiable, at others questionable, and at others demonstrably false. An exhaustive review of Rathom's accounts by the staff of the
185:
to Alaska in 1878–80 can not be verified. He probably arrived in the U.S. in 1889—he provided various dates—and then worked for short periods at several Canadian and American newspapers on the West Coast.
521:
Rathom's paper covered the Newport Sex Scandal trial proceedings daily, often with a critical eye toward the prosecution's case. When it transpired that Navy investigators had authorized sailors to
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from its arrival in Rhode Island in 1910. He served as a Council Scout Commissioner for six years and was credited with giving scouting a big boost during its formative stages. Rathom Lodge at
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Rathom continued to maintain a high profile, addressing public meetings and rallies, some patriotic in nature and others aligned with conservative causes. He joined the new Attorney General,
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While Rathom waited months for the outcome of the investigations, events worked to his advantage. In July 1920, Roosevelt resigned his Navy post and accepted the nomination of the
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Rathom became a naturalized American citizen on March 25, 1906, in Chicago. He later claimed that he cherished the congratulatory telegrams he received on that occasion from
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and many other US citizens took Rathom's accusations at face value and were furious with Muck, who, along with 26 of the orchestra's musicians, was accordingly arrested and
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In August 1922 he underwent an operation from which he never fully recovered. He died at his home in Providence, Rhode Island on December 11, 1923 and was buried in
518:
was a campaign to infiltrate the gathering places of Newport's homosexual community. The operation resulted in the arrests of both military personnel and civilians.
1376:
1197:
671:. In 1922 he served as president of the New England Daily Newspapers Association. The governments of Belgium and Italy honored him for his advocacy on behalf of
88:. Rathom's claims that his newspaper routinely uncovered German espionage plots were also later revealed as fraudulent, although his reputation as an heroic
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who seek to embroil us with Great Britain and who would be willing to see civilization totter and die if their hatred of England could thus be satisfied."
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made it clear to Rathom that the government was concerned about his claims, criticisms, defaming the President, and taking credit for fictitious
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416:. The first article appeared in February 1918. Just at this point the Department of Justice went on the offensive. First, they threatened to
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United States Navy, which officials of the navy have sought to undermine by the most bestial and dishonorable methods known to man."
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achievements. Early in 1918, Rathom arranged to publish a series of articles called "Germany's Plots Exposed" in a monthly magazine,
181:. His tales of adventures in China, including service in the Chinese Navy, are likely fictions as well. His claim to have joined the
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172:
652:
was an easy target, and he chided English immigrants for failing to become American citizens, but he spared nothing in denouncing
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1296:(NY: The American Historical Society, Inc. 1920). This fact-filled biography was based on information provided by Rathom himself.
561:
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magazine reported that Rathom's two newspapers were "said to be one of the most money-making magazine combinations in the U. S."
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early in the future president's career. He cut a large figure in the world of journalism and as a political spokesman advocating
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600:." His lawyer warned that "every newspaper giving currency to these charges will be held to full responsibility." He asked the
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77:
807:(Providence, RI: The Providence Journal Company, 1980), 261–301, 469–73. For Rathom's version, see Thomas Williams Bicknell,
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301:, Rathom then exaggerated his own role in uncovering supposed plots. In speeches at pro-British assemblies, he amplified the
1008:"Admissions Made to Escape Testifying; Department of Justice Reveals Inside Story of the Rathom Statement, October 28, 1920"
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concert. Despite having been completely unaware of the request at the time and always ending future concerts with America's
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in the course of their undercover work, Rathom railed against those responsible up the chain of command to Roosevelt and
447:. Rather than testify, Rathom negotiated and on February 12, 1918, signed a lengthy statement in the form of a letter to
461:
and revealed enough of Rathom's admissions to make that publication reconsider publishing any future Rathom's articles.
208:, but no evidence supports him. His claim that he was twice wounded there is equally suspect. His boast that he counted
1306:
Benjamin L. Miller, "The Primacy of the War Effort: Domestic Newspaper Coverage of the October Revolution of 1917" in
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Benjamin L. Miller, "The Primacy of the War Effort: Domestic Newspaper Coverage of the October Revolution of 1917" in
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articles with breathless accounts of his journalists running undercover operations and thwarting German intrigues.
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magazine described him as a firm believer in the old newspaper saying, "Raise hell and sell papers." In 2004,
1217:"Lusk Would Eradicate Anarchy in Schools, Rathom in Carnegie Hall Meeting Denounces Hyphenates," May 2, 1921
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drew on his passionate isolationism and continued his pro-British stance. At a "patriotic mass meeting" in
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on October 24, 1920. The next day Roosevelt countered with denials and called the charges "criminally
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journalists into national heroes, naming both the editor and the paper in headlines like these in the
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1321:, vol. 3, no. 21, 363-5. A pro-German attack that details Rathom's anti-German stories and charges.
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1172:"Sees Radicals Active Here, John R. Rathom Warns Against Bolshevist Propaganda," February 19, 1919
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164:, the paper where he gained national notoriety, documents the problems in the historical record.
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57:
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The Imposter's War: The Press, Propaganda, and the Newsman who Battled for the Minds of America
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With the election just days away, events moved quickly. Rathom released his attack through the
258:
and won the post of managing editor. In 1912, he became both editor and general manager at the
634:
605:
429:
113:
69:
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Charles A. Collman, "The Mystery of John Revelstoke Rahom, President Wilson's Confidant," in
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with great distinction. Rathom himself called that story "a classic of deadline journalism."
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as a friend from that time until the general's death in 1916 has been called "moonshine."
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76:. These articles were widely republished by other American newspapers and helped ensure
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109:
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225:) he became "one of the best known newspaper men in the country." He covered the 1903
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645:
509:. In January 1920, the paper took up the cause of Rhode Island's Episcopalian Bishop
298:
286:
produced a series of exposés of alleged German espionage and propaganda in the U.S.
168:
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in England as he claimed. Nor did he report on the British military campaign in the
154:
The man who called himself John Revelstoke Rathom was probably born John Solomon in
440:
101:
35:
709:
Two Chicago Sketches: When the City Wakes to Life; Lake Michigan in Calm and Storm
371:, was falsely accused by Rathom of knowingly having refused a request to perform "
873:
609:"confession." Rathom defended himself at length, with what success is uncertain.
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97:
45:
522:
421:
1294:
History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Biographical
858:
History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Biographical
809:
History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Biographical
548:
The battle was not confined to the two investigations and the columns of the
479:. Rathom did not lower his voice, but his most spectacular claims had ended.
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577:
364:
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John R. Rathom Tells Genesee Society Secretary Put Them In Important Posts
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From 1917 to 1922, he was elected annually to serve as a director of the
536:, who Rathom had long viewed as a foe for his lack of enthusiasm for the
417:
505:
covered naval affairs on a regular basis and focused on the local base,
215:
By his own account, in his next position as staff correspondent for the
128:
acknowledged that most of Rathom's coverage was a fraud: "In truth, the
526:
425:
399:, until he and his wife agreed to be deported in the summer of 1919.
132:
had acquired numerous inside scoops on German activities, mostly from
582:
312:
exclusives, further magnifying Rathom's myth that he was directing a
334:
John R. Rathom Reveals How Reporters Outwitted Teuton Secret Service
648:, he condemned those with divided loyalties. The recently defeated
360:, fake news, and shameless self-promotion were no laughing matter.
597:
18:
92:
crusader endured. He later engaged in a long public dispute with
44:
at the height of his career. In the years before America entered
834:, accessed Dec. 10, 2009. This reports Rathom's letter to the
195:
as a staff correspondent in 1896. Two years later, during the
633:, he joined the campaign against President Wilson's proposed
545:. That meant more coverage and Rathom was a witness at both.
240:. McKinley had died more than four and a half years earlier.
1240:"John R. Rathom Dies after Long Illness," December 12, 1923
420:
Rathom to testify under oath and name his sources before a
1195:"File 10 Objections to Nations' League," September 1, 1919
1044:"World's Work Stops Rathom Disclosures," February 27, 1918
1315:
The Fatherland: Fair Play for Germany and Austria-Hungary
1126:"Roosevelt Charges Libel, Orders Suit," October 26, 1920
278:
and for the U.S. to enter World War I in support of the
140:
stories in the American media." Upon his death in 1923,
897:"Tells of Thwarting German Plotters," November 13, 1917
34:-born American journalist, editor, and writer based in
1303:(Providence, RI: The Providence Journal Company, 1980)
1103:"Assails Roosevelt on Naval Scandal," October 25, 1920
920:"Says Baker Kept Pacifists on Guard," January 20, 1918
1080:"Rathom Attacks; Roosevelt Replies," January 27, 1920
860:(NY: The American Historical Society, Inc. 1920), 400
811:(NY: The American Historical Society, Inc. 1920), 400
589:
and had destroyed documents relevant to those cases.
1346:"The Press: Conscience of New England," July 6, 1953
1149:"Brooklyn Gives $ 500,000 to the Fund," May 27, 1918
985:"Caffey Reveals Rathom Admissions," October 28, 1920
976:
974:
1066:(Garden City, NY: Doubleday Page and Company, 1919)
16:
American journalist, editor, and writer (1868–1923)
1062:Strother's articles were published in book form:
629:infiltration and violence. As an officer of the
432:, or revealing how much of what appeared in the
367:, the internationally renowned conductor of the
316:cadre. The national press turned Rathom and the
838:recounting his yellow fever experience in Cuba.
308:Newspapers across the United States reprinted
1030:v. 111, no. 2899 (November 17, 1920) 557-559.
713:Providence: Livermore & Knight Co., 1910.
8:
293:sources whose information confirmed his own
1457:United States home front during World War I
1387:Anti-German sentiment in the United States
1336:"The Press: John R. Rathom," Dec. 24, 1923
1299:Garrett D. Byrnes and Charles H. Spilman,
803:Garrett D. Byrnes and Charles H. Spilman,
792:"The Press: John R. Rathom," Dec. 24, 1923
783:
781:
1437:Naturalized citizens of the United States
1397:Australian emigrants to the United States
1328:(NY: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2007)
457:Next the Department of Justice contacted
1372:20th-century American newspaper editors
777:
525:their targets and even to have illegal
1452:United Kingdom–United States relations
1377:American newspaper publishers (people)
825:"In a Yellow-Fever Camp," Aug. 14,1899
424:, which would mean facing charges for
874:"1918: Fiction writer," July 21, 2004
7:
1026:"The Confession of John R. Rathom,"
552:. Rathom and Roosevelt had what the
491:Reporting on the Newport sex scandal
252:In 1906, Rathom applied for work at
150:Early years and career in journalism
531:United States Secretary of the Navy
1417:Editors of Rhode Island newspapers
690:Rathom was deeply involved in the
349:Many of Rathom's reports attacked
342:SAYS BAKER KEPT PACIFISTS ON GUARD
331:TELLS OF THWARTING GERMAN PLOTTERS
14:
136:sources who used Rathom to plant
1326:1920: The Year of Six Presidents
1301:The Providence Journal 150 Years
805:The Providence Journal 150 Years
66:false or exaggerated allegations
673:American entry into World War I
660:, whom he called "that crew of
477:American entry into World War I
262:and its afternoon edition, the
1467:Burials at Swan Point Cemetery
1442:San Francisco Chronicle people
1422:Fake news in the United States
716:"A Fight With a Muskallonge,"
38:and employed as the editor of
1:
1447:The Providence Journal people
687:where his grave is unmarked.
594:Republican National Committee
289:Duped or willingly misled by
1269:, accessed December 10, 2009
1249:, accessed November 17, 2010
1226:, accessed December 12, 2009
1204:, accessed December 11, 2009
1181:, accessed December 11, 2009
1158:, accessed December 11, 2009
1135:, accessed December 14, 2009
1112:, accessed December 14, 2009
1089:, accessed December 14, 2009
1053:, accessed December 10, 2009
1017:, accessed December 11, 2009
994:, accessed December 14, 2009
929:, accessed December 11, 2009
906:, accessed December 11, 2009
698:was named for him in 1929.
23:Portrait of John R. Rathom.
1483:
1432:Journalists from Melbourne
1292:Thomas Williams Bicknell,
883:accessed December 10, 2009
856:Thomas Williams Bicknell,
751:"New York's Great Subway,"
494:
404:U.S. Department of Justice
1382:American male journalists
1338:, accessed Dec, 10, 2009.
760:"Germany's Plot Exposed,"
742:Leslie's Monthly Magazine
696:Yawgoog Scout Reservation
658:Irish War of Independence
516:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
369:Boston Symphony Orchestra
94:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1402:British-American history
1348:. accessed Dec 10, 2009.
1319:George Sylvester Viereck
1308:Brown Journal of History
1177:August 22, 2022, at the
1154:August 22, 2022, at the
1085:August 22, 2022, at the
1064:Fighting Germany's Spies
990:August 22, 2022, at the
940:Brown Journal of History
879:August 22, 2022, at the
794:, accessed Dec, 10, 2009
631:American Defense Society
373:The Star-Spangled Banner
282:. Under his management,
274:Rathom campaigned for a
270:Anti-German propagandist
1412:Burials in Rhode Island
847:Byrnes and Spilman, 470
587:Portsmouth Naval Prison
574:Portsmouth Naval Prison
402:Also in late 1917, the
192:San Francisco Chronicle
112:, while denouncing the
1462:World War I propaganda
1245:July 22, 2018, at the
1222:July 25, 2018, at the
1200:March 5, 2016, at the
1131:July 25, 2018, at the
1108:July 25, 2018, at the
1049:July 20, 2018, at the
1013:July 20, 2018, at the
925:July 25, 2018, at the
902:July 25, 2018, at the
602:U.S. District Attorney
284:The Providence Journal
255:The Providence Journal
248:The Providence Journal
167:Rathom did not attend
126:The Providence Journal
74:The Providence Journal
41:The Providence Journal
28:John Revelstoke Rathom
24:
1427:Journalistic scandals
1407:British propagandists
739:"The Men in Control,"
625:, in warning against
507:Naval Station Newport
449:U.S. Attorney General
363:In October 1917, Dr.
227:Iroquois Theater Fire
222:Chicago Record Herald
22:
1392:Anti-Irish sentiment
735:, January/June 1903.
538:Special Relationship
438:British Intelligence
291:British Intelligence
276:Special Relationship
217:Chicago Times-Herald
197:Spanish–American War
156:Melbourne, Australia
134:British intelligence
106:Special Relationship
50:British Intelligence
942:Spring 2007, 84-103
754:The Technical World
747:, May/October 1904.
730:Scribner's Magazine
718:Scribner's Magazine
685:Swan Point Cemetery
576:, former warden of
570:Thomas Mott Osborne
497:Newport Sex Scandal
485:Newport Sex Scandal
452:Thomas Watt Gregory
408:counterintelligence
183:Schwatka Expedition
84:in the war against
30:(1868–1923) was an
1265:2009-05-05 at the
1258:Camp Yawgoog.Org:
957:The New York Times
870:Providence Journal
830:2022-08-22 at the
692:Boy Scout movement
640:Rathom's brand of
623:A. Mitchell Palmer
511:James DeWolf Perry
436:was fabricated by
385:Theodore Roosevelt
375:" during a recent
310:Providence Journal
238:Theodore Roosevelt
161:Providence Journal
130:Providence Journal
80:as an ally of the
62:British propaganda
58:agent of influence
48:, Rathom assisted
25:
1324:David Pietrusza,
635:League of Nations
606:Francis G. Caffey
430:contempt of court
328:November 13, 1917
210:General Kitchener
114:League of Nations
72:, as articles in
70:German war crimes
1474:
1281:Mark Arsenault,
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768:, February 1918.
763:The World's Work
756:, December 1904.
702:Selected writing
679:Death and legacy
669:Associated Press
572:, Commandant of
562:Democratic Party
543:court of inquiry
534:Josephus Daniels
468:The World's Work
463:The World's Work
459:The World's Work
445:Wellington House
413:The World's Work
339:January 20, 1918
314:counterespionage
264:Evening Bulletin
234:William McKinley
175:in 1886 for the
86:Imperial Germany
54:Wellington House
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1267:Wayback Machine
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1224:Wayback Machine
1214:New York Times:
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1202:Wayback Machine
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654:Irish-Americans
650:Weimar Republic
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499:
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393:Fort Oglethorpe
381:national anthem
377:Classical music
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189:He joined the
178:Melbourne Argus
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104:sentiment, the
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1260:"Rathom Lodge"
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1191:New York Times
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1145:New York Times
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1122:New York Times
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1099:New York Times
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1076:New York Times
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1367:1923 deaths
1362:1868 births
1028:The Nation,
963:October 13,
723:, May 1902.
656:during the
617:Later years
358:demogoguery
295:Anglophilia
219:(later the
138:anti-German
98:Anglophilia
90:anti-German
46:World War I
1356:Categories
662:hyphenates
422:grand jury
32:Australian
836:Chronicle
627:Bolshevik
578:Sing Sing
365:Karl Muck
303:Journal's
201:Chronicle
1263:Archived
1243:Archived
1220:Archived
1198:Archived
1175:Archived
1152:Archived
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988:Archived
923:Archived
900:Archived
877:Archived
828:Archived
727:"Taps!,"
642:nativism
598:libelous
418:subpoena
389:interned
206:Boer War
100:, anti-
1289:, 2022)
1276:Sources
959:. 2015
550:Journal
527:gay sex
503:Journal
434:Journal
426:perjury
397:Georgia
318:Journal
260:Journal
583:sodomy
523:entrap
199:, the
169:Harrow
108:, and
56:as an
773:Notes
585:from
173:Sudan
1342:TIME
1332:TIME
965:2015
788:TIME
564:for
501:The
483:the
297:and
236:and
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121:Time
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443:at
428:or
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