1057:
1043:
1019:
145:
33:
249:. These were the only known points on the central coast and had been reached in 1793 and 1771 respectively. He had with him two specially-built boats which were more ocean-worthy than the voyageur canoes used by Franklin on his previous expedition. They gave their names to the
264:
which he reached three weeks before
Franklin. Together they had surveyed 1,878 mi (3,022 km) of previously unmapped coast. The natural history discoveries of this expedition were so great that they had to be recorded in two separate works, the
198:
the son of
Gabriel Richardson, Provost of Dumfries, and his wife, Anne Mundell. He was educated at Dumfries Grammar School. He was then apprenticed to his maternal uncle, Dr James Mundell, a surgeon in Dumfries.
3603:
4209:
4773:
742:
587:
389:
293:
4733:
818:
645:
4231:
749:
4768:
256:
His journey was successful and he reached his furthest east the same day that
Franklin reached his furthest west (16 August 1826). He abandoned his boats at
4202:
2765:
1088:
691:"Abstract of the case of a diver employed on the wreck of the Royal George, who was injured by the bursting of the air-pipe of the diving apparatus. 1842"
1726:
4305:
4146:
1361:
1369:
4808:
4718:
3721:
2727:
1140:
795:
219:
4508:
4195:
3318:
2916:
2504:
4110:
4748:
985:
773:
4259:
2056:
319:
2921:
4004:
3685:
3507:
3397:
3166:
1755:
1704:
3455:
3036:
2975:
658:
4738:
3478:
3556:
4798:
4793:
4743:
786:
3787:
3773:
3747:
3584:
2478:
1555:
1081:
1028:
341:
352:
He married three times: firstly in 1818 to Mary Stiven; secondly in 1833 to Mary Booth; and finally in 1847 to Mary
Fletcher.
300:
and treatment of diver
Roderick Cameron following an injury that occurred on 14 October 1841 during the salvage operations on
4536:
3610:
3580:
1923:
1913:
1497:
1199:
3221:
4788:
4758:
4252:
3383:
2893:
2026:
1014:
728:
4778:
4763:
4333:
4273:
3292:
3178:
3021:
1528:
1296:
690:
439:
286:
664:
4783:
3740:
3362:
3196:
3137:
3091:
1209:
1320:
4803:
4550:
4410:
4245:
4100:
2825:
2799:
2792:
2532:
2243:
2144:
2136:
2119:
1737:
1283:
1135:
1074:
746:
418:
238:
4753:
4340:
4280:
4266:
3923:
3533:
3229:
3028:
2813:
2695:
2498:
2380:
2231:
2080:
2018:
2005:
1878:
1604:
1256:
425:
392:
retains some original illustrations used by
Richardson in preparation for the second edition of Yarrell's book.
4073:
3664:
3658:
3576:
3450:
3235:
2961:
2837:
2687:
2575:
2359:
557:
466:
250:
129:
1375:
498:
494:, commonly known as Richardson's brookfoam, less commonly as Richardson's boykinia or Richardson's saxifrage.
4667:
4445:
4368:
4140:
3803:
2956:
2830:
2750:
2259:
2086:
1288:
475:
301:
162:
4473:
4298:
4078:
3644:
2911:
1576:
531:
270:
518:
4613:
4577:
4403:
4319:
4238:
4083:
4052:
3857:
3810:
3709:
3513:
3432:
3375:
3124:
3118:
2968:
2926:
2888:
2868:
2463:
2238:
2074:
1984:
1966:
1883:
1854:
1844:
1732:
1669:
1443:
826:
722:
490:
406:
297:
278:
2124:
1024:
4728:
4723:
4676:
4604:
4501:
4424:
4396:
3937:
3929:
3872:
3460:
3324:
3305:
3250:
3242:
3042:
2982:
2941:
2554:
2545:
2416:
2411:
2315:
2179:
1936:
1898:
1715:
1710:
1693:
1505:
1275:
1243:
1187:
1167:
457:
207:
83:
4685:
4431:
4058:
3980:
3445:
3368:
3284:
3065:
3057:
3006:
2646:
2604:
2099:
2062:
1951:
1698:
1585:
1388:
1193:
513:
315:
3216:
4595:
4586:
4452:
3779:
3671:
3652:
3191:
2733:
2627:
2591:
2567:
2458:
2305:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2172:
2150:
2129:
2010:
2000:
1747:
1635:
1563:
1236:
1227:
1219:
1130:
1110:
432:
337:
616:
245:. Franklin was to go as far west as possible and Richardson was to go east to the mouth of the
4694:
4658:
4640:
4622:
4361:
4151:
3957:
3951:
3907:
3892:
3821:
3793:
3701:
3638:
3548:
3520:
3500:
3438:
3346:
3310:
3184:
3151:
3144:
3097:
3079:
2996:
2745:
2614:
2562:
2468:
2421:
2349:
2338:
2050:
2040:
2032:
1928:
1918:
1829:
1824:
1807:
1773:
1640:
1627:
1448:
1354:
1312:
1307:
1097:
1052:
981:
769:
702:
654:
215:
864:
576:. It occurs in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
4649:
4568:
4529:
4487:
4438:
4168:
3900:
3592:
3472:
3298:
3271:
3211:
3086:
3016:
3001:
2740:
2669:
2664:
2638:
2633:
2515:
2438:
2391:
2158:
1978:
1943:
1839:
1834:
1768:
1682:
1464:
1456:
1342:
1262:
1214:
1204:
1177:
1061:
570:
282:
246:
4631:
4382:
4375:
4158:
4105:
4090:
3996:
3991:
3915:
3880:
3816:
3715:
3630:
3597:
3329:
3112:
3104:
3073:
2989:
2949:
2703:
2659:
2599:
2523:
2493:
2488:
2448:
2426:
2374:
2310:
2300:
2251:
1973:
1958:
1811:
1780:
1742:
1492:
1420:
1414:
1337:
1302:
1162:
753:
550:
540:
373:
242:
176:
149:
119:
2681:
1018:
850:
Narrative of a journey to the shores of the polar sea, in the years 1819, 20, 21, and 22
4494:
4459:
4347:
4312:
4132:
4115:
4068:
4027:
4017:
3986:
3845:
3835:
3727:
3677:
3542:
3492:
3465:
3410:
3206:
3201:
3050:
2903:
2757:
2719:
2676:
2609:
2583:
2537:
2510:
2483:
2453:
2396:
2354:
2344:
2224:
2217:
2114:
2094:
1906:
1866:
1797:
1593:
1568:
1523:
1487:
1481:
1473:
1433:
1428:
1402:
1382:
1150:
1042:
975:
311:
144:
4712:
4543:
4466:
4417:
4389:
4095:
4037:
4032:
4022:
3972:
3967:
3943:
3887:
3764:
3758:
3753:
3352:
3263:
3256:
3011:
2806:
2785:
2653:
2431:
2401:
2369:
2364:
2201:
2107:
1990:
1785:
1598:
1548:
1541:
1533:
1438:
1347:
1182:
566:
330:
211:
172:
153:
72:
4480:
4354:
4126:
4120:
3732:
3696:
3562:
3389:
3339:
3278:
3132:
2820:
2771:
2621:
2443:
2406:
2386:
2327:
1861:
1849:
1792:
1720:
1621:
1518:
1512:
1409:
1397:
1270:
1248:
1172:
1125:
1038:
1010:
257:
32:
997:
Biographical
Dictionary of American and Canadian Naturalists and Environmentalists
848:
388:
Edited by C. Stuart
Houston (1984). The National Marine Biological Library at the
4515:
4326:
4187:
4163:
4063:
4011:
3829:
3616:
3404:
2779:
2711:
2473:
2332:
2295:
2195:
2187:
1995:
1331:
1048:
747:
http://www.mba.ac.uk/NMBL/archives/archives_personal/personal_papers.htm#richard
647:
Biographical Index of Former
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
524:
361:
231:
93:
3962:
3865:
3849:
3691:
3624:
3525:
2934:
2883:
2843:
2165:
1891:
1819:
1761:
1154:
545:
1034:
3484:
2321:
1873:
1656:
573:
360:
He also wrote accounts dealing with the natural history, and especially the
706:
3416:
890:
865:"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin"
203:
195:
183:
169:
53:
917:
4043:
3423:
2210:
1688:
1664:
1652:
944:
410:
223:
114:
977:
Sir John
Richardson: arctic explorer, natural historian, naval surgeon
2289:
1614:
261:
227:
180:
1066:
918:"Family DOROSOMATIDAE Bleeker 1872 (Gizzard Shads and Sardinellas)"
1675:
143:
16:
Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer (1787–1865)
943:
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018).
916:
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018).
889:
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018).
165:
4191:
2866:
1108:
1070:
502:, commonly known as prairie alumroot or Richardson's alumroot
210:, and became a surgeon in the navy in 1807. He traveled with
768:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
241:
and went overland by fur trade routes to the mouth of the
364:, of several other Arctic voyages, and was the author of
764:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
4560:
4290:
4223:
3844:
3575:
3162:
2902:
2275:
1806:
1651:
1149:
995:Sterling, Keir B., ed. (1997). "Richardson, John".
588:
Category:Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)
128:
107:
89:
79:
61:
39:
23:
294:British Association for the Advancement of Science
949:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
922:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
895:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
709:. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009
370:Catalogue of Apodal Fish in the British Museum
4203:
1082:
653:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
386:Arctic Ordeal: The Journal of John Richardson
8:
336:He died at his home Lancrigg House north of
234:for the official account of the expedition.
4774:Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
951:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
924:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
897:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
4210:
4196:
4188:
2876:
2863:
1118:
1105:
1089:
1075:
1067:
1041:
1017:
322:for Franklin in 1848–49, describing it in
296:meeting in 1842, Richardson described the
31:
20:
819:"Conservation icon, 100, to publish book"
4147:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
3722:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
796:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
640:
638:
619:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
599:
945:"Order STOMIIFORMES (=STOMIATIFORMES)"
891:"Order MYCTOPHIFORMES (Lanternfishes)"
720:
168:(5 November 1787 – 5 June 1865) was a
4734:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
194:Richardson was born at Nith Place in
7:
999:. Greenwood Press. pp. 668–670.
4769:Royal Navy Medical Service officers
3508:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1705:Norse colonization of North America
222:. Richardson wrote the sections on
3037:United States Exploring Expedition
405:Richardson is commemorated in the
277:(1829–37), written by Richardson,
220:Coppermine Expedition of 1819–1822
14:
4111:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3479:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1058:Works by or about John Richardson
853:. London: J. Murray. p. 766.
766:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
340:on 5 June 1865, and is buried at
4005:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3398:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4809:People from Grasmere (village)
4719:19th-century British explorers
776:. ("Richardson", pp. 220–221).
372:(1856), the second edition of
324:An Arctic Searching Expedition
1:
4218:Royal Navy Arctic exploration
3384:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3319:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
1015:Biodiversity Heritage Library
823:Jackson Hole News & Guide
817:Hatch, Cory (21 March 2012).
689:Richardson J (January 1991).
390:Marine Biological Association
4749:Fellows of the Royal Society
3741:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3557:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3363:French Antarctic Expeditions
3293:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3179:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1297:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
623:. Library and Archive Canada
440:Sphaerodactylus richardsonii
342:St Oswald's Church, Grasmere
130:Author abbrev. (botany)
2826:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2505:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1370:Andrée's balloon expedition
974:Johnson, Robert E. (1976).
741:Richardson material in the
310:Richardson was knighted by
253:near the end of his route.
4825:
2027:Franklin's lost expedition
1727:Christian IV's expeditions
980:. London: Taylor Francis.
419:Eremiascincus richardsonii
314:in 1846. He traveled with
239:returned to Canada in 1825
2879:
2875:
2862:
2381:Great Northern Expedition
2057:Rae–Richardson expedition
1257:British Arctic Expedition
1121:
1117:
1104:
727:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
565:, is a species of small,
563:Richardson's snaggletooth
553:in the northwest Pacific.
426:Hemidactylus richardsonii
378:History of British Fishes
148:John Richardson, 1828 by
138:
100:
30:
4739:Scottish polar explorers
4232:Phipps expedition (1773)
3665:British Antarctic Survey
3659:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2904:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1049:Works by John Richardson
1035:Works by John Richardson
1025:Works by John Richardson
1011:Works by John Richardson
558:Astronesthes richardsoni
467:Urocitellus richardsonii
260:and trekked overland to
251:Dolphin and Union Strait
237:Franklin and Richardson
4799:Scottish ornithologists
4794:Scottish nature writers
4744:Explorers of the Arctic
4306:Sir Alexander Armstrong
4141:Pole of inaccessibility
3804:Antarctic Treaty System
2145:2nd Grinnell expedition
847:Franklin, John (1823).
537:Richardson's sardinella
479:are also named for him.
476:Dicrostonyx richardsoni
396:Taxa named in his honor
275:Fauna Boreali-Americana
267:Flora Boreali-Americana
4453:Sir Leopold McClintock
4246:Mackenzie River (1825)
581:Taxon described by him
532:Sardinella richardsoni
473:The collared lemming,
271:William Jackson Hooker
269:(1833–40), written by
156:
4411:Sir Edward Inglefield
4362:Sir Richard Collinson
4260:Rae–Richardson (1848)
3811:Transglobe Expedition
3710:Operation Deep Freeze
3119:Challenger expedition
1985:Coppermine expedition
1506:Drifting ice stations
827:Jackson Hole, Wyoming
789:Boykinia richardsonii
499:Heuchera richardsonii
491:Boykinia richardsonii
464:The ground squirrel,
279:William John Swainson
147:
4789:Scottish naturalists
4759:People from Dumfries
4551:Sir Henry Stephenson
4488:Sir Erasmus Ommanney
4425:Skeffington Lutwidge
4397:William Hulme Hooper
752:13 July 2012 at the
745:Archive Collection:
458:Mustela richardsonii
451:The mammal species
208:Edinburgh University
152:, R.A., engraved by
84:Edinburgh University
4779:Scottish biologists
4764:Royal Medal winners
4523:Sir John Richardson
4432:George Francis Lyon
3981:South magnetic pole
2647:Brusilov expedition
1756:Danish colonization
1194:North magnetic pole
695:Undersea Biomed Res
514:Diaphus richardsoni
320:unsuccessful search
160:Sir John Richardson
4784:Scottish explorers
4509:Constantine Phipps
4460:Sir Robert McClure
4446:Sir Albert Markham
4348:Sir Edward Belcher
4320:Sir Horatio Austin
3672:Operation Windmill
3653:Operation Highjump
2628:Rusanov expedition
2533:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2277:North East Passage
2081:McClure expedition
869:www.wildflower.org
617:"Biography at the
539:) is a species of
523:, is a species of
433:Myron richardsonii
329:He retired to the
157:
4804:Scottish surgeons
4706:
4705:
4544:Sir Edward Sabine
4418:Sir Henry Kellett
4390:Sir John Franklin
4341:Frederick Beechey
4274:McClintock (1857)
4239:Coppermine (1819)
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
3639:Operation Tabarin
3501:Far Eastern Party
3347:Nimrod Expedition
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2417:M. Pronchishcheva
2339:Siberian Cossacks
1808:Northwest Passage
1141:Research stations
1098:Polar exploration
1053:Project Gutenberg
987:978-0-85066-074-6
774:978-1-4214-0135-5
522:
382:The Polar Regions
216:Northwest Passage
214:in search of the
142:
141:
102:Scientific career
4816:
4754:Knights Bachelor
4699:
4690:
4681:
4672:
4663:
4654:
4645:
4636:
4627:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4502:Sir Edward Parry
4497:
4490:
4483:
4481:Sir George Nares
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4439:Rochfort Maguire
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4369:Samuel Cresswell
4364:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4189:
3686:Ronne Expedition
3171:
3165:
3029:Dumont d'Urville
2877:
2864:
2412:V. Pronchishchev
1119:
1106:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1062:Internet Archive
1045:
1021:
1000:
991:
961:
960:
958:
956:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
861:
855:
854:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
783:
777:
762:
756:
739:
733:
732:
726:
718:
716:
714:
686:
680:
679:
677:
675:
669:
663:. Archived from
652:
642:
633:
632:
630:
628:
613:
527:found worldwide.
517:
407:scientific names
298:diving apparatus
283:John Edward Gray
247:Coppermine River
68:
49:
47:
35:
21:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4693:
4684:
4675:
4666:
4657:
4648:
4639:
4630:
4621:
4612:
4603:
4594:
4585:
4576:
4567:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4383:James Fitzjames
4381:
4376:Francis Crozier
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4334:Sir John Barrow
4332:
4327:Sir George Back
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4253:Franklin (1845)
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4219:
4216:
4186:
4173:
3848:
3840:
3716:McMurdo Station
3585:Modern research
3583:
3571:
3306:O. Nordenskjöld
3169:
3163:
3158:
3074:Ross expedition
2898:
2871:
2850:
2279:
2271:
1812:Northern Canada
1810:
1802:
1655:
1647:
1153:
1145:
1113:
1100:
1095:
1007:
994:
988:
973:
970:
968:Further reading
965:
964:
954:
952:
942:
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831:
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754:Wayback Machine
740:
736:
719:
712:
710:
688:
687:
683:
673:
671:
670:on 4 March 2016
667:
661:
650:
644:
643:
636:
626:
624:
615:
614:
601:
596:
583:
551:South China Sea
541:ray-finned fish
509:
486:
449:
403:
398:
358:
350:
243:Mackenzie River
192:
150:Thomas Phillips
124:
80:Alma mater
75:
70:
66:
57:
51:
50:5 November 1787
45:
43:
26:
25:John Richardson
17:
12:
11:
5:
4822:
4820:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
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4731:
4726:
4721:
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4704:
4703:
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4655:
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4592:
4583:
4574:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4530:Sir James Ross
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4495:Sherard Osborn
4491:
4484:
4477:
4474:Arthur Morrell
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
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4351:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4313:Pelham Aldrich
4309:
4302:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4281:British (1875)
4277:
4270:
4267:McClure (1850)
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4227:
4225:
4221:
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4172:
4171:
4166:
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4156:
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4149:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4133:Vostok Station
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4084:Cherry-Garrard
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4049:
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4047:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
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4015:
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4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3924:Southern Cross
3920:
3919:
3918:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3854:
3852:
3846:Farthest South
3842:
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3838:
3833:
3826:
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3819:
3807:
3800:
3799:
3798:
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3589:
3587:
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3567:
3553:
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3543:Ross Sea party
3539:
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3289:
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3237:Southern Cross
3230:Southern Cross
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3214:
3209:
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3199:
3194:
3189:
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3055:
3054:
3053:
3048:
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3031:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2976:Bellingshausen
2966:
2959:
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2939:
2938:
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2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
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2790:
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2724:
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2722:
2708:
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2684:
2679:
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2588:
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2281:Russian Arctic
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2227:
2222:
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2192:
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2190:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2163:
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2156:
2141:
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2105:
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2065:
2053:
2048:
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2038:
2023:
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2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1852:
1847:
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1837:
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1816:
1814:
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1800:
1795:
1790:
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1766:
1765:
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1752:
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1718:
1716:Snæbjörn galti
1713:
1708:
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1273:
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1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1151:Farthest North
1147:
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1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1101:
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1086:
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1065:
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1055:
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1006:
1005:External links
1003:
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681:
660:0-902-198-84-X
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448:
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429:
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413:of reptiles:
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399:
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366:Icones Piscium
357:
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349:
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312:Queen Victoria
191:
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140:
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69:(aged 77)
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4537:Sir John Ross
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4467:George Mecham
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4404:Henry Hoppner
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3264:Discovery Hut
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2068:J. Richardson
2066:
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1830:M. Corte-Real
1828:
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1823:
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1748:C. Richardson
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1557:Georgiy Sedov
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1444:Riiser-Larsen
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612:
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608:
606:
604:
600:
593:
589:
585:
584:
580:
575:
572:
568:
567:deep sea fish
564:
560:
559:
555:
552:
548:
547:
543:in the genus
542:
538:
534:
533:
529:
526:
520:
516:
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511:
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500:
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371:
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355:
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339:
334:
332:
331:Lake District
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
305:
299:
295:
290:
288:
287:William Kirby
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
262:Fort Franklin
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:John Franklin
209:
205:
200:
197:
189:
187:
185:
182:
178:
174:
173:naval surgeon
171:
167:
164:
161:
155:
154:Edward Finden
151:
146:
137:
133:
131:
127:
121:
118:
116:
113:
112:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
73:Lake District
64:
60:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4669:Investigator
4668:
4659:
4650:
4641:
4632:
4623:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4522:
4355:David Buchan
4299:Edward Adams
4139:
4127:Pole of Cold
4125:
4051:
4042:
4010:
4003:
3979:
3950:
3936:
3930:Borchgrevink
3922:
3909:
3894:
3874:
3859:
3828:
3809:
3802:
3786:
3772:
3763:
3746:
3739:
3720:
3708:
3684:
3670:
3663:
3651:
3637:
3623:
3609:
3602:
3563:
3555:
3541:
3534:
3532:
3514:
3506:
3499:
3486:
3477:
3439:
3431:
3422:
3415:
3403:
3396:
3382:
3370:Pourquoi-Pas
3369:
3361:
3353:
3345:
3340:Orcadas Base
3338:
3330:
3317:
3311:C. A. Larsen
3299:
3291:
3277:
3270:
3257:
3249:
3243:Borchgrevink
3236:
3228:
3185:
3177:
3152:C. A. Larsen
3145:
3126:
3117:
3099:
3081:
3072:
3059:
3044:
3035:
3022:
2983:
2969:
2962:
2943:
2928:
2838:
2831:
2814:
2807:
2793:
2778:
2764:
2751:
2726:
2712:
2710:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2652:
2645:
2626:
2592:
2590:
2576:
2574:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2524:
2522:
2503:
2379:
2337:
2320:
2288:
2252:
2250:
2230:
2229:
2209:
2208:
2194:
2181:
2166:
2152:
2143:
2130:
2101:
2089:Investigator
2088:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2042:
2034:
2025:
2012:
1983:
1960:
1945:
1930:
1900:
1885:
1855:
1774:
1754:
1725:
1721:Erik the Red
1703:
1681:
1674:
1631:submersibles
1628:
1622:Arktika 2007
1620:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1587:
1578:
1575:
1556:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1511:
1504:
1480:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1455:
1421:
1419:
1390:
1387:
1376:S. A. Andrée
1368:
1355:
1330:
1322:
1319:
1295:
1277:
1264:
1255:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1192:
1039:Open Library
996:
976:
953:. Retrieved
948:
938:
926:. Retrieved
921:
911:
899:. Retrieved
894:
884:
872:. Retrieved
868:
859:
849:
842:
830:. Retrieved
822:
812:
800:. Retrieved
794:
788:
781:
765:
760:
737:
723:cite journal
711:. Retrieved
701:(1): 63–64.
698:
694:
684:
672:. Retrieved
665:the original
646:
625:. Retrieved
618:
562:
556:
544:
536:
530:
512:
497:
489:
474:
465:
456:
450:
438:
431:
424:
417:
404:
385:
384:(1861). and
381:
377:
369:
365:
359:
351:
335:
328:
323:
309:
304:Royal George
303:
291:
274:
266:
258:Bloody Falls
255:
236:
201:
193:
159:
158:
101:
67:(1865-06-05)
18:
4729:1865 deaths
4724:1787 births
4516:Bedford Pim
4224:Expeditions
3830:Lake Vostok
3780:Tryoshnikov
3702:Schlossbach
3593:Christensen
3535:James Caird
3456:E. R. Evans
3222:Dobrowolski
3192:de Gerlache
2894:Expeditions
2780:Aviaarktika
2734:Samoylovich
2605:Kolomeitsev
2499:Middendorff
2459:Gedenshtrom
1879:I. Fyodorov
1641:Chilingarov
1529:E. Fyodorov
1136:Expeditions
525:lanternfish
455:The emine,
362:ichthyology
232:ichthyology
202:He studied
94:Royal Medal
65:5 June 1865
4713:Categories
4615:Enterprise
4579:Assistance
4053:Terra Nova
3958:Shackleton
3901:J. C. Ross
3860:Resolution
3850:South Pole
3625:New Swabia
3549:Mackintosh
3521:Shackleton
3440:Terra Nova
3433:Terra Nova
3167:Heroic Age
3127:Challenger
3087:J. C. Ross
2997:Bransfield
2929:Resolution
2844:icebreaker
2808:Chelyuskin
2549:expedition
2527:Expedition
2469:Matyushkin
2427:Kh. Laptev
2422:Chelyuskin
2316:Heemskerck
2306:Chancellor
2301:Willoughby
2296:Koch boats
2239:Stefansson
2173:McClintock
2137:Inglefield
1979:J. C. Ross
1886:Resolution
1738:Cunningham
1636:Sagalevich
1325:expedition
1284:Stephenson
1244:C. F. Hall
1231:expedition
1205:J. C. Ross
1168:Heemskerck
1155:North Pole
1029:Faded Page
832:3 February
802:1 February
594:References
546:Sardinella
273:, and the
177:naturalist
134:Richardson
120:Naturalist
56:, Scotland
46:1787-11-05
4678:Racehorse
4606:Discovery
4152:Tolstikov
3938:Discovery
3908:HMS
3893:HMS
3875:Adventure
3873:HMS
3858:HMS
3794:Tolstikov
3515:Endurance
3300:Antarctic
3285:Drygalski
3258:Discovery
3251:Discovery
3212:Arctowski
3125:HMS
3098:HMS
3092:Abernethy
3080:HMS
3058:USS
3045:Vincennes
3043:USS
3023:Astrolabe
2963:San Telmo
2944:Adventure
2942:HMS
2927:HMS
2922:Kerguelen
2884:Continent
2869:Antarctic
2746:Urvantsev
2704:Vilkitsky
2557:Jeannette
2555:USS
2547:Jeannette
2511:Weyprecht
2489:Pakhtusov
2439:Chichagov
2432:D. Laptev
2375:Permyakov
2350:Stadukhin
2345:Perfilyev
2322:Mangazeya
2260:H. Larsen
2225:Rasmussen
2180:HMS
2151:USS
2100:HMS
2087:HMS
2051:Collinson
2041:HMS
2033:HMS
2011:HMS
1959:HMS
1944:HMS
1929:HMS
1914:Mackenzie
1901:Discovery
1899:HMS
1884:HMS
1856:Discovery
1835:Frobisher
1798:Rasmussen
1711:Gunnbjörn
1657:Greenland
1586:USS
1577:USS
1449:Ellsworth
1391:Roosevelt
1321:Nansen's
1278:Discovery
1276:HMS
1263:HMS
1210:Abernethy
1178:Marmaduke
955:21 August
574:Stomiidae
549:from the
333:in 1855.
302:HMS
4687:Resolute
4164:A. Fuchs
4121:V. Fuchs
4101:McKinley
4064:E. Evans
4023:Bjaaland
4018:Amundsen
3968:Marshall
3881:Furneaux
3733:V. Fuchs
3697:E. Ronne
3692:F. Ronne
3631:Ritscher
3485:SY
3473:Filchner
3417:Framheim
3411:Amundsen
3217:Racoviță
3202:Amundsen
3197:Lecointe
3066:Ringgold
3060:Porpoise
2950:Furneaux
2786:Shevelev
2741:Begichev
2720:Amundsen
2682:Nagórski
2660:Brusilov
2654:Sv. Anna
2568:Melville
2538:Palander
2494:Tsivolko
2454:Sannikov
2449:Billings
2392:Chirikov
2311:Barentsz
2253:St. Roch
2244:Bartlett
2218:Amundsen
2202:Sverdrup
2102:Resolute
1991:Franklin
1919:Kotzebue
1786:Sverdrup
1769:Scoresby
1743:Lindenov
1594:Plaisted
1579:Nautilus
1524:Shirshov
1498:Belyakov
1493:Baydukov
1467:Nautilus
1429:Amundsen
1389:SS
1348:Sverdrup
1343:Johansen
1313:Brainard
1308:Lockwood
1163:Barentsz
1031:(Canada)
928:22 April
750:Archived
674:19 March
409:of four
401:Reptiles
380:(1860),
368:(1843),
338:Grasmere
326:(1851).
316:John Rae
204:medicine
196:Dumfries
184:explorer
170:Scottish
54:Dumfries
4597:Carcass
4588:Blossom
4169:Messner
4116:Hillary
4096:Balchen
4044:Polheim
4038:Wisting
3916:Crozier
3888:Weddell
3866:J. Cook
3836:Kapitsa
3817:Fiennes
3759:Klenova
3728:Hillary
3678:Ketchum
3604:BANZARE
3579:·
3424:Polheim
3390:Shirase
3376:Charcot
3186:Belgica
3105:Crozier
3017:Morrell
3012:Weddell
2990:Lazarev
2935:J. Cook
2889:History
2839:Arktika
2815:Krassin
2800:Voronin
2772:Schmidt
2758:Ushakov
2697:Vaygach
2665:Albanov
2634:Rusanov
2615:Kolchak
2610:Matisen
2584:Makarov
2563:De Long
2464:Wrangel
2444:Lyakhov
2397:Malygin
2355:Dezhnev
2182:Pandora
2153:Advance
2120:Kennedy
2115:Belcher
2108:Kellett
2095:McClure
2019:Beechey
2013:Blossom
2006:Simpson
1974:Crozier
1967:Hoppner
1924:J. Ross
1892:J. Cook
1840:Gilbert
1733:J. Hall
1699:Ingólfr
1689:Naddodd
1683:Vikings
1670:Brendan
1665:Pytheas
1653:Iceland
1607:Arktika
1599:Herbert
1564:Badygin
1534:Krenkel
1519:Papanin
1488:Chkalov
1474:Wilkins
1439:Wisting
1383:F. Cook
1289:Markham
1249:Bessels
1238:Polaris
1229:Polaris
1200:J. Ross
1183:Carolus
1131:History
1060:at the
901:1 March
713:19 June
707:2021022
627:19 June
569:in the
447:Mammals
411:species
374:Yarrell
292:At the
224:geology
218:on the
115:Surgeon
4696:Terror
4660:Herald
4642:Griper
4624:Erebus
4291:People
4079:Bowers
4074:Wilson
4033:Hassel
4028:Helmer
3997:Mackay
3987:Mawson
3952:Nimrod
3910:Terror
3895:Erebus
3822:Burton
3617:Rymill
3493:Mawson
3487:Aurora
3466:Lashly
3451:Wilson
3354:Nimrod
3331:Scotia
3138:Murray
3113:Cooper
3100:Terror
3082:Erebus
3051:Wilkes
3002:Palmer
2970:Vostok
2917:Bouvet
2841:-class
2821:Gakkel
2689:Taymyr
2670:Konrad
2639:Kuchin
2577:Yermak
2484:Lavrov
2402:Ovtsyn
2387:Bering
2365:Ivanov
2328:Hudson
2290:Pomors
2267:Cowper
2232:Karluk
2131:Isabel
2125:Bellot
2075:Austin
2043:Terror
2035:Erebus
1931:Griper
1907:Clerke
1867:Baffin
1850:Hudson
1781:Nansen
1694:Garðar
1615:Barneo
1482:ANT-25
1458:Italia
1434:Nobile
1403:Henson
1362:Amedeo
1338:Nansen
1303:Greely
1173:Hudson
1111:Arctic
984:
874:4 June
772:
705:
657:
571:family
521:, 1932
519:Tåning
484:Plants
348:Family
318:on an
228:botany
181:Arctic
108:Fields
96:(1856)
90:Awards
4651:Hecla
4570:Alert
4561:Ships
4159:Crary
4106:Dufek
4069:Oates
4059:Scott
3992:David
3973:Adams
3944:Barne
3765:Mirny
3754:Somov
3564:Quest
3461:Crean
3446:Scott
3325:Bruce
3279:Gauss
3272:Gauss
3146:Jason
3133:Nares
3007:Davis
2984:Mirny
2957:Smith
2912:Roché
2832:Lenin
2752:Sadko
2677:Wiese
2622:Sedov
2593:Zarya
2516:Payer
2479:Litke
2474:Anjou
2407:Minin
2370:Vagin
2360:Popov
2333:Poole
2188:Young
2001:Dease
1946:Hecla
1937:Parry
1862:Bylot
1845:Davis
1820:Cabot
1793:Peary
1775:Jason
1762:Egede
1676:Papar
1588:Skate
1569:Wiese
1549:NP-37
1542:NP-36
1422:Norge
1410:Sedov
1398:Peary
1356:Jason
1271:Nares
1265:Alert
1220:Hayes
1188:Parry
1126:Ocean
668:(PDF)
651:(PDF)
561:, or
470:, and
356:Works
4633:Fury
4091:Byrd
4012:Fram
3963:Wild
3645:Marr
3611:BGLE
3598:Byrd
3526:Wild
3405:Fram
3207:Cook
2728:AARI
2713:Maud
2600:Toll
2525:Vega
2211:Gjøa
2196:Fram
2159:Kane
1996:Back
1961:Fury
1952:Lyon
1874:Munk
1513:NP-1
1415:Byrd
1332:Fram
1323:Fram
1215:Kane
982:ISBN
957:2024
930:2023
903:2023
876:2024
834:2023
804:2023
770:ISBN
729:link
715:2008
703:PMID
676:2018
655:ISBN
629:2008
586:See
507:Fish
285:and
230:and
190:Life
179:and
166:FRSE
62:Died
40:Born
3788:3rd
3774:2nd
3748:1st
3581:IGY
3577:IPY
2167:Fox
2063:Rae
1629:Mir
1605:NS
1051:at
1037:at
1027:at
1013:at
743:MBA
376:'s
206:at
163:FRS
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2693:/
947:.
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893:.
867:.
825:.
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793:.
725:}}
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637:^
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