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later, McLoughlin was murdered and his powerful father blamed Work for transferring his son's only assistant away from Fort
Stikine. In addition, it took over a year for Work to capture and send the three men involved in the murder south to Fort Vancouver. Work's relations with McLoughlin never recovered. Fortunately for Work, McLoughlin resigned from the company in 1846. A month later, Work was promoted to the rank of Chief Factor.
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Trade Branch which purchased land for settlers who could not afford the required minimum 20-acre lots at £1 per acre. For two month in 1861, Work was acting governor while
Douglas was away on business. Work remained both a Chief Factor for the Hudson's Bay Company and a member of the Legislative Council until his death in December 1861.
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202:, probably in 1792. He was the eldest of six children of Henry Wark. He anglicized his name to "Work" when he joined the Hudson's Bay Company. There is no record of his schooling, but in later life his poor writing was taken as a sign of a deficient education. Work joined the Hudson's Bay Company on 15 June 1814 at
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deposits on the northern part of
Vancouver Island. When the miners went on strike in 1850, Work went by canoe from Fort Simpson to Fort Victoria to consult with Douglas. He then went by canoe to Fort Rupert and successfully persuaded the miners to go back to work. In 1849, Work settled his large
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for most of the coastal trade. In 1842, John McLoughlin's son was in charge of Fort
Stikine. Work felt he needed more help so he arranged for the junior clerk at Fort Stikine to be transferred to Fort Simpson. This left the young McLoughlin without any company support at his post. A few months
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as chief justice of
Vancouver Island. He opposed the establishment of an assembly for the colony because there were "so few people to govern" and "nobody to pay taxes to cover expenses." Work also continued his duties as Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company, acting as a trustee for its Fur
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Work chronicled his trading expeditions in sixteen meticulously kept journals, covering the period from July 1823 to
October 1835 plus one additional trip in 1851. Although his journals are written as matter-of-fact business correspondence, they provide a detailed record of the
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In 1852, Work purchased 823 acres of farmland north of the Fort
Victoria and built a fine home there. A year later, Governor James Douglas appointed Work to the Legislative Council of Vancouver Island. Work supported Douglas in the controversy surrounding the appointment of
182:'s Legislative Council. At the time of his death, Work was the largest private land owner of Vancouver Island. Work left an important legacy in the form of sixteen journals which chronicle his trading expeditions from 1823 to 1851. His journals provide a detailed record of
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in the early 19th century. His journals have survived intact, making them among the oldest first-hand accounts of land features, native peoples, and the Hudson's Bay
Company fur trading operations in the Pacific Northwest. As such, they are important historical records.
343:. After completing Fort Colvile, Work closed Spokane House in April 1826. Work ran his trading operations from Fort Colvile until the summer of 1829, often making short trading expeditions into British Columbia or accompanying fur cargo to Fort Vancouver.
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to McLoughlin Bay. During a trading expedition in 1840, Work fell out of a tree, tearing open his abdomen and exposing his intestines. After pushing his intestines back into his body, he spent several days near death before continuing his journey.
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In 1830 Work was promoted to the rank of Chief Trader, and John McLoughlin put Work in charge of the Snake country trading brigade which had previously been run by Peter Skene Ogden. During the next year, Work travelled over 2,000 miles across
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Work's wife accompanied him on many of his trading expeditions. In addition, she and their younger children lived with him at Fort
Simpson from 1836 until 1849, while their older children attended school at Fort Vancouver and then at the
375:. His expeditions were profitable, but Ogden had already explored and heavily trapped these areas. Because of this, Work recommended the annual Snake country expeditions be stopped. The next year, Work was sent into the
178:. Work joined the Hudson's Bay Company in 1814 and served in many capacities until his death in 1861, ultimately becoming a member of the company's Board of Management for its Western Department. He also served on
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Because of his remote assignments and constant travel, Work and his wife were unable to have a formal wedding until 1849. The couple was finally married in a church ceremony on 6 November 1849 at Fort
Victoria.
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In 1849, Work moved his family to Fort Victoria so the younger children could get an education. Work settled his family on an 823-acre farm north of the fort and built a large home there, which he called
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and an American trapping party along with Work's brigade trapping in the same area during the 1832 season. Hostile Indians forced Work and Laframboise to join forces. Their party explored the coast from
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looking for a site to establish a major trading post. On the return trip, his party discovered the Cowlitz Portage, which became an important route between the Columbia River and
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808:
1072:, Diaries, Narratives, and Letters of the Mountain Men, Library of Western Fur Trade Historical Source Documents, American Mountain Men Virtual Research Center Project,
777:, Diaries, Narratives, and Letters of the Mountain Men, Library of Western Fur Trade Historical Source Documents, American Mountain Men Virtual Research Center Project,
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in 1814 and 1815. He was then moved to a junior trader position at Severn House, where he became district master in 1818. After the Hudson's Bay Company merged with
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Indian chief, to secure good relations with the Native Americans living in along the Columbia River. Work did not follow the governor's advice. Instead, he married
764:, Hudson's Bay Company Employee Biographical Sheet, Hudson's Bay Company Archives, Archives of Manitoba, Manitoba Government, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, July 1997.
1044:, The Pioneer Explorations of Scotch Boy John Tod, British Columbia Heritage Collections, Heritage Alley Internet Productions, Sterling, Virginia, 5 December 2010.
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on the Columbia on 13 October, and proceeding down the river with the Hudson's Bay Company trading brigade that had been sent to meet them. The party reached the
1190:
The Journal of John Work: A Chief-Trader of the Hudson's Bay Co. During His Expedition from Vancouver to the Flatheads and Blackfeet of the Pacific Northwest
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930:
Alice B. Maloney (December 1943). "Fur Brigade to the Bonaventura: John Work's California Expedition of 1832–33 for the Hudson's Bay Company (Continued)".
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and put in charge of the company's trade along the British Columbia coast. He supervised the construction of the fort, which was being relocated from the
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Alice B. Maloney (March 1944). "Fur Brigade to the Bonaventura: John Work's California Expedition of 1832–33 for the Hudson's Bay Company (Continued)".
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Alice B. Maloney (June 1944). "Fur Brigade to the Bonaventura: John Work's California Expedition of 1832–33 for the Hudson's Bay Company (Concluded)".
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Indians, and competition from the American trappers made these expeditions difficult. Work was promoted Chief Trader at the end of the 1831 season.
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Alice B. Maloney (September 1943). "Fur Brigade to the Bonaventura: John Work's California Expedition of 1832–33 for the Hudson's Bay Company".
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In 1845, the Hudson's Bay Company decided to put the Columbia Department in the hands of three Chief Factors. In 1846, Work, Ogden, and
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in 1821, Work was retained as a senior clerk and was put in charge of the Island Lake District, a position he held until 1823.
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were selected to run of department. Work was placed in charge of the coastal trade including Forts Simpson, Fort Stikine,
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had already been through the valley 1829 and 1830. There was also another Hudson's Bay Company brigade led by
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land features, native peoples, and the Hudson's Bay Company's fur trading business in the early 19th century.
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In addition, there are many geographical features in the Pacific Northwest named in honor of John Work.
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where his children could get an education. However, Fort Simpson remained his headquarters until 1851.
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Several of Work's sons-in-law were also well known Hudson's Bay Company employees, including Doctor
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241:. On this trip, Work began keeping a travel journal. It is a detailed record of his journey to the
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798:(Volume 3, Number 3), Washington Historical Society, Seattle, Washington, July 1912, pp. 198–228.
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on 21 October. At that point, Ogden and Work traveled overland to their winter quarters at
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In 1823, Work was reassigned to the Columbia District. He traveled west in a party led by
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In 1841, Governor Simpson decided to close all the coastal posts except Fort Simpson and
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852:(Volume 13, Number 4), Oregon Historical Society, Portland, Oregon, 1912, pp. 363–371.
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835:(Volume 10, Number 3), Oregon Historical Society, Portland Oregon, September 1909.
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Catherine, born at Fort Simpson between 1840 and 1842, married C. Wallace in 1861
863:"Journal of John Work, Covering Snake Country Expedition of 1830–31 Second Half"
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Henry, born at Fort Simpson in 1844 or 1845 (died in an accident at a young age)
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John Work's journal account of an 1830 trip from Fort Colvile to Fort Vancouver
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country of Idaho and Montana's Flathead country. The rugged terrain, hostile
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John Work's journal covering the Snake Country Expedition of 1830–31 (Part 2)
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John Work's journal covering the Snake Country Expedition of 1830–31 (Part 1)
869:(Volume 17), Oregon Historical Society, Portland, Oregon, 1912, pp. 280- 314.
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and just northwest of Victoria, is named for him, Most of the range is in
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and near Fort Simpson, where he had served as Chief Factor; Work Bay in
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In 1825, Governor Simpson suggested that Work marry the daughter of a
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846:"Journal of John Work, Covering Snake Country Expedition of 1830–31"
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Margaret, born at Fort Vancouver in 1836, married E. Jackson in 1861
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Work was the father of eleven children, three boys and eight girls.
304:). In November 1824, Work joined an expedition led by Chief Trader
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John Work's account of an 1824 Columbia River trading expedition
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Cecilia, born at Fort Simpson in 1849, married C. Jones in 1870
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John Work's journal of exploration of the lower Frasier River
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extend the company's fur trade into the Flathead country of
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on the north bank of the Columbia facing the mouth of the
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down the Columbia River to the company's headquarters at
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John Work was born in Taughboyne parish, St Johnstown in
728:, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2000.
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Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation British Columbia
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and head of one of the original founding families in
1060:, Port Hardy, British Columbia 20 April 1966, p. 10.
829:"Journal of John Work, April 30th to May 31st, 1830"
411:. Work returned to Fort Vancouver in October 1833.
792:"Journal of John Work, November and December, 1824"
386:In 1832, the Hudson's Bay Company sent Work to the
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579:Suzette, born at Fort Victoria in 1843, married
350:Indian camp at Fort Colvile painted by Paul Kane
549:Sarah, born at Fort Colvile in 1829, married
280:During the 1824 trapping season, Work helped
8:
566:Mary, born at Fort Simpson in 1837, married
815:, Deer Park, Washington, 8 July 1955, p. 7.
775:"John Work's Journal Oct 18 – Nov 17, 1824"
327:Later that year, Work was put in charge of
430:. His plan was to use the company's ship
31:
1325:Pre-Confederation British Columbia people
653:. Other locations named for him include
515:on the Willamette River near what is now
226:. He was first assigned as a steward at
48:Fur trader and Pacific Northwest explorer
556:Leticia, born in Idaho in 1831, married
80:22 December 1861 (aged 68–69)
1320:People from St Johnston, County Donegal
790:Work, John, (edited by T. C. Elliott),
726:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
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134:Legislative Council of Vancouver Island
885:, Absarokee, Montana, 3 December 2010.
844:Work, John (edited by T. C. Elliott),
827:Work, John (edited by T. C. Elliott),
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589:David, born at Fort Simpson in 1846
1330:Businesspeople from County Donegal
573:John, born at Fort Simpson in 1839
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1192:, by William Stanley Lewis, 2006.
64:Taughboyne parish, St Johnstown,
1310:Irish explorers of North America
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881:, Montana Trappers Association,
363:, western Montana, northwestern
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1340:Politicians from County Donegal
1002:California Historical Quarterly
967:California Historical Quarterly
932:California Historical Quarterly
897:California Historical Quarterly
796:Washington Historical Quarterly
657:, on the northeast side of the
500:, a mixed-blood woman from the
1054:"Founders of British Columbia"
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1070:"Known Journals of John Work"
809:"Out of the Woods, John Work"
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1335:19th-century Irish explorers
414:In 1834, Work was posted to
1300:Hudson's Bay Company people
1203:Known Journals of John Work
867:Oregon Historical Quarterly
850:Oregon Historical Quarterly
833:Oregon Historical Quarterly
637:flanking the east shore of
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176:Victoria, British Columbia
166:– 22 December 1861) was a
84:Victoria, British Columbia
1251:BC Heritage website entry
645:. Also named for him is
442:Fort Victoria painted by
396:Alexander Roderick McLeod
359:into what is now eastern
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643:Mount Work Regional Park
308:that explored the lower
883:www.montanatrappers.org
669:; and Work Island near
649:at the west end of the
265:in what in now eastern
218:Work began his work in
879:"Hudson's Bay Company"
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276:Fort Vancouver in 1845
1172:BC Geographical Names
1152:BC Geographical Names
1132:BC Geographical Names
1112:BC Geographical Names
1092:BC Geographical Names
1035:"Friends: John Work"
720:Sampson, William R.,
598:William Fraser Tolmie
544:William Fraser Tolmie
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1285:Canadian fur traders
1058:North Island Gazette
661:, just northeast of
172:Hudson's Bay Company
131:Board member of
104:Hudson's Bay Company
18:John Work (Canadian)
1295:Explorers of Oregon
659:Tsimpsean Peninsula
610:James Allan Grahame
581:Edward Gawler Prior
568:James Allan Grahame
27:Canadian politician
1076:, 3 December 2010.
1040:2010-12-13 at the
813:Tri-County Tribune
781:, 3 December 2010.
760:2017-08-22 at the
602:Roderick Finlayson
551:Roderick Finlayson
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400:Michel Laframboise
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232:North West Company
667:Finlayson Channel
542:in 1827, married
388:Sacramento Valley
292:and Chief Factor
239:Peter Skene Ogden
184:Pacific Northwest
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287:
283:
274:
270:
268:
264:
263:Spokane House
260:
259:Spokane River
256:
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235:
233:
229:
225:
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220:North America
213:
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56:
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45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1275:1790s births
1260:Find a Grave
1170:
1161:
1150:
1141:
1130:
1121:
1110:
1107:"Work Point"
1101:
1090:
1087:"Mount Work"
1081:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1030:
1005:
1001:
995:
973:(1): 19–40.
970:
966:
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935:
931:
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896:
890:
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866:
857:
849:
840:
832:
812:
803:
795:
786:
778:
773:Work, John,
769:
725:
655:Work Channel
628:
619:
595:
540:Fort Colvile
533:
529:
524:
521:
506:
491:
477:
459:
456:Fort Langley
449:
444:Sarah Crease
431:
428:Fort Stikine
425:
416:Fort Simpson
413:
385:
377:Salmon River
353:
341:Fort Colvile
339:to be named
337:Kettle Falls
326:
310:Fraser River
279:
236:
228:York Factory
217:
193:
168:Chief Factor
156:
155:
125:Chief Factor
29:
1280:1861 deaths
755:"John Work"
722:"John Work"
466:to exploit
464:Fort Rupert
390:in Mexican
314:Puget Sound
298:Fort George
164: 1792
1269:Categories
1147:"Work Bay"
677:References
647:Work Point
631:Mount Work
471:family at
458:, and the
420:Nass River
392:California
267:Washington
224:Hudson Bay
190:Early life
95:Fur trader
92:Occupation
1256:John Work
651:peninsula
633:, in the
510:Methodist
504:in 1826.
381:Blackfeet
204:Stromness
157:John Work
58:John Wark
36:John Work
1038:Archived
1022:25155841
987:25155825
952:25155808
917:25155793
758:Archived
671:Butedale
525:Hillside
245:via the
147:Children
100:Employer
86:, Canada
583:in 1878
570:in 1860
560:in 1857
553:in 1849
546:in 1850
446:in 1860
286:Montana
269:state.
206:in the
200:Ireland
170:of the
70:Ireland
1020:
985:
950:
915:
616:Legacy
608:, and
494:Cayuse
488:Family
460:Beaver
432:Beaver
373:Nevada
357:Oregon
214:Career
139:Spouse
1018:JSTOR
983:JSTOR
948:JSTOR
913:JSTOR
361:Idaho
300:(now
121:Title
61:~1792
468:coal
365:Utah
249:and
77:Died
54:Born
1258:at
1010:doi
975:doi
940:doi
905:doi
407:to
371:in
1271::
1169:.
1149:.
1129:.
1109:.
1089:.
1056:,
1016:.
1006:23
1004:.
981:.
971:23
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946:.
936:22
934:.
911:.
901:22
899:.
865:,
848:,
831:,
820:^
811:,
794:,
733:^
724:,
685:^
673:.
612:.
604:,
600:,
324:.
198:,
161:c.
150:11
68:,
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1155:.
1135:.
1115:.
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1024:.
1012::
989:.
977::
954:.
942::
919:.
907::
159:(
20:)
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